font settings

Font Size: Large | Normal | Small
Font Face: Verdana | Geneva | Georgia

Lonicereae

(Tribe)

Overview

[ Back to top ]
A Tribe in the Kingdom Plantae.

Photos

[ Back to top ]

Taxonomy

[ Back to top ]

The Tribe Lonicereae is a member of the Subfamily Faboideae. Here is the complete "parentage" of Lonicereae:

The Tribe Lonicereae is further organized into finer groupings including:

Genera

[ Back to top ]

Aesculus

Trees or shrubs, deciduous. Winter buds large, viscid resinous or not, with several pairs of imbricate scales; scales abaxially glabrous or sparsely puberulent. Leaf blade 5-11-foliolate; leaflet blades without scattered, conspicuous glands, margin crenate to serrate or compoundly so. Thyrse cylindric or conic; branches simple; bracts absent. Flowers often large and showy. Sepals connate to form a tubular to campanulate calyx tube. Petals often unequal, base clawed, limb obovate, oblong, oblanceolate, or spatulate. Ovary without a gynophore; style long, slender; stigma depressed globose, entire or obscurely lobed. Capsule depressed globose to pyriform, without a long gynophore, often 1-seeded; pericarp usually smooth, often dotted, rarely verrucose or prickly. Seeds depressed globose to pyriform, large (2-7 cm) ; testa brown; hilum large, pale, occupying 1/3-1/2 of seed. x = 20.[1] [more]

Agalinis

Agalinis Raf. (false foxglove) is a genus of about 70 species in North, Central, and South America that until recently was aligned with members of the family . As a result of numerous molecular phylogenetic studies based on various chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) loci, it was shown to be more closely related to members of the Orobanchaceae. Agalinis spp. are hemiparasitic, which is a character that in part describes the Orobanchaceae. [more]

Alnus

Trees or shrubs, to 35 m; trunks usually several, branching excurrent to deliquescent. Bark of trunks and branches light gray to dark brown, thin, smooth, close; lenticels often present, pale, prominent, sometimes horizontally expanded. Wood nearly white, turning reddish upon exposure to air, moderately light and soft, texture fine. Branches, branchlets, and twigs nearly 2-ranked to diffuse; young twigs uniform or ( Alnus subg. Alnobetula ) differentiated into long and short shoots. Winter buds stipitate (nearly sessile in Alnus subg. Alnobetula ), narrowly to broadly ovoid or ellipsoid, terete, apex acute to rounded; scales 2--3, valvate, or ( Alnus subg. Alnobetula ) several, imbricate, smooth, or ( Alnus subg. Clethropsis ) sometimes none. Leaves borne on long or short shoots, 3-ranked to nearly 2-ranked. Leaf blade ovate to elliptic or obovate, thin to leathery, base variable, cuneate to rounded, margins doubly serrate, serrate, serrulate, or nearly entire, apex variable, acute to obtuse or acuminate to rounded; surfaces glabrous to tomentose, abaxially sometimes resinous-glandular. Inflorescences: staminate catkins lateral, in racemose clusters or ( Alnus subg. Clethropsis ) solitary, formed ( Alnus subg. Alnus and Clethropsis ) during previous growing season and exposed or enclosed in buds during winter, or ( Alnus subg. Clethropsis ) formed and expanding during same growing season, expanding before or with leaves; pistillate catkins proximal to staminate catkins, solitary or in relatively small racemose clusters, erect to nearly pendulous, ovoid to ellipsoid, firm; scales and flowers crowded, developing and maturing at same time as staminate catkins. Staminate flowers in catkins, 3 per scale; stamens (3--) 4(--6) ; anthers and filaments undivided. Pistillate flowers usually 2 per scale. Infructescences erect or pendulous; scales persistent long after release of fruits, with 5 lobes, greatly thickened, woody. Fruits tiny samaras, lateral wings 2, leathery or membranaceous, reduced or essentially absent in some species. x = 7.[2] [more]

Arisaema

Herbs, terrestrial or wetland. Corms [rhizomes] nearly globose. Leaves usually appearing with flowers, 1--2(--3), erect; petiole longer than blade; blade medium to dark green, sometimes glaucous adaxially, palmately or pedately [radiately] divided, not peltate, leaflet elliptic to broadly ovate or oblanceolate, base rounded to obtuse or attenuate, apex obtuse or acute to acuminate; primary lateral veins of each leaflet pinnate. Inflorescences: peduncle erect, nearly equal to leaves [to very short], apex not swollen; spathe variously colored or striped, distal part open at maturity, exposing tip to 1/2 or more of spadix appendage; spadix ± cylindric, surmounted by sterile appendage of variable shape. Flowers unisexual, staminate and pistillate on same or different spadix; pistillate flowers congested; staminate flowers usually scattered, distal to pistillate flowers when both are present; perianth absent. Fruits not embedded in spadix, glossy orange to bright red. Seeds 1--6, mucilage sometimes present (not present in Arisaema triphyllum). x = 13, 14.[3] [more]

Begonia

Perennial succulent herbs, rarely subshrubs. Stem erect, frequently rhizomatous, or plants tuberous and either acaulescent or shortly stemmed, rarely lianoid or climbing with adventitious roots, or stoloniferous. Leaves simple, rarely palmately compound, alternate or all basal; blade often oblique and asymmetric, rarely symmetric, margin often irregularly serrate and divided, occasionally entire, venation usually palmate; petiole long, weak; stipules membranous, usually deciduous. Flowers unisexual, plants monoecious, rarely dioecious, (1 or) 2-4 to several, rarely numerous, in dichotomous cymes, sometimes in panicle, with pedicels and bracts. Staminate flower: tepals 2 or 4 and decussate, usually outer ones larger, inner ones smaller; stamens usually numerous; filaments free or connate at base; anthers 2-celled, apical or lateral; connectives extended at apex, sometimes apiculate. Pistillate flower: tepals 2-5(-10) ; pistil composed of 2-5(-7) carpels; ovary inferior, 1-3(-7) -loculed; placentae axile or parietal; styles 2 or 3(or more), free or fused at base, forked once or more; stigma turgid, spirally twisted-tortuous or U-shaped, capitate or reniform, setose-papillose. Capsule dry, sometimes berrylike, unequally or subequally 3-winged, rarely wingless and 3- or 4-horned; seeds very numerous, pale brown, oblong, minute, testa reticulate.[4] [more]

Blechnum

Plants terrestrial or rarely on rock. Stems creeping to ascending or erect, slender to stout, sometimes climbing [rarely subarborescent]; scales brown or black. Leaves monomorphic or variously dimorphic, cespitose to scattered. Blades pinnatifid to 1-pinnate, rarely simple or 2-pinnate. Rachis and costae glabrous, scaly, or hairy abaxially. Veins free, often forked. Sori borne on vascular commissures parallel to costae, 1 per side, normally uninterrupted, linear, continuous along length of costa. Spores with perine smooth to variously winged or rugose. x = 28, 29, 31, 32, 34, 36.[5] [more]

Campanula

Plants perennial or annual, erect trailing or decumbent, glabrous, pubescent, or hirsute. Leaves simple, alternate or forming rosettes at the base. Inflorescence 1-many flowered, with racemes or spikes. Flowers blue to purple or white. Sepals 5, with or without reflexed appendages between lobes; calyx tube adnate to the ovary, segments 5-lobed. Corolla campanulate, funnel-shaped or tubular. Stamens 5, free, filaments dilated at the base. Ovary 3-locular; style cylindrical; stigmas 3. Fruit a capsule, elongated to ovoid, obovoid or round, with membran¬ous walls; dehiscence by irregular pores at the bases or the sides. Seeds minute, numerous.[6] [more]

Cinnamomum

Trees or shrubs, evergreen. Bark gray [or brown], furrowed [or smooth]; bark and leaves often aromatic. Leaves alternate, infrequently opposite. Leaf blade with (1-) 3 primary veins [or infrequently pinnately veined], papery to leathery; surfaces glabrous or variously pubescent; domatia frequently present. Inflorescences appearing when mature leaves are present, axillary, panicles. Flowers bisexual; tepals deciduous or persistent, white, green, or yellow, equal; stamens 9, anthers 4-locular, 4-valved (rarely with anthers of inner 3 stamens 2-locular), extrorse; staminodes 3, apex sagittate or cordate; ovary ovoid-ellipsoid. Drupe bluish black, nearly globose, seated in small cupule with entire single rim or tepals persistent.[7] [more]

Colletia

Colletia is a of flowering plants in the family Rhamnaceae, with 15 to 17 species of spiny shrubs. All species of this genus are native to southern South America. [more]

Convolvulus

Plants annual or perennial, prostrate, erect, or strangling or twining herbs, or cushionlike or erect shrubs; axial parts usually pubescent, hairs simple or 2-armed. Leaves simple, petiolate or sessile, margin entire or ± lobed. Flowers axillary, peduncled, solitary or in various kinds of inflorescences. Sepals equal or unequal, middle sepal asymmetric (exposed 1/2 similar to outer 2 sepals, enclosed 1/2 similar to inner 2 sepals), persistent, not enlarged. Corolla funnelform or campanulate; limb shallowly lobed or entire, with 5 ± distinct midpetaline bands. Stamens included, inserted at corolla base; filaments dilated basally, filiform apically; pollen ellipsoid, 3- (or 4) -colpate, not spiny. Disc ringlike or cupular. Pistil included; ovary 2-loculed; ovules 2 per locule. Style 1, filiform; stigmas 2, linear, cylindric, or clavate. Capsule 2-loculed, 4-valved or irregularly dehiscent. Seeds 1-4, black or brown, often verruculose, pubescent, rarely glabrous.[8] [more]

Cyperus

Herbs, perennial or less often annual, cespitose or not, rhizomatous, stoloniferous, rarely tuberous. Culms solitary or not, trigonous or round, glabrous or scabridulous with extrorse or antrorse (rarely retrorse) prickles. Leaves usually basal; ligules absent; blades keeled abaxially, flat, V-, or inversely W-shaped in cross section. Inflorescences terminal, rarely pseudolateral, 1st order subumbellate to capitate, 2d order with spicate or digitately arranged spikelets, rarely a solitary spikelet; spikelets 1-150; 1st order rays unequal (rarely equal) in length, produced singly from the axils of inflorescence bracts; involucral bracts 1-22, spirally arranged at culm apex, spreading to erect, leaflike. Spikelets: scales to 76, distichous, each subtending flower, cylindric to compressed, borne spicately or digitately at ends of rays (occasionally proliferous) . Flowers bisexual [rarely unisexual], in axils of distichous floral scales, bases often decurrent onto rachilla as ± hyaline wings; perianth absent; stamens 1-3; styles linear, 2-3-fid, base deciduous or persistent; stigmas 2-3. Achenes biconvex, flattened, or trigonous.[9] [more]

Delphinium

Herbs, perennial, from fasciculate roots or rhizomes. Leaves basal and/or cauline, petiolate, petioles gradually to abruptly shorter on distal leaves; basal leaves usually larger than cauline; cauline leaves alternate. Leaf blade deeply palmately divided, round to pentagonal or reniform, margins entire or lobes apically crenate or lacerate, lobes of basal blades wider and fewer than those of cauline blades. Inflorescences terminal, 2-100(-more) -flowered racemes (occasionally branched, thus technically panicles), 5-40 cm or more; bracts subtending inflorescence branches; pedicels present or absent; bracteoles (on pedicels) subopposite-subalternate, not forming involucre. Flowers bisexual, bilaterally symmetric; sepals not persistent in fruit, 5; upper sepal 1, spurred, 8-24 mm; lateral sepals 2, ± ovate to elliptic, 8-18 mm; lower sepals 2, similar to lateral sepals; upper petals 2, spurred, enclosed in upper sepal, nectary inside tip of spur; lower petals 2, plane, ± ovate, ± 2-lobed, clawed, 2-12 mm, nectary absent; stamens 25-40; filaments with base expanded; staminodes absent between stamens and pistils; pistils 3(-5), simple; ovules 8-20 per pistil; style present. Fruits follicles, aggregate, sessile, ± curved-cylindric, sides prominently veined or not; beak terminal, straight, 2-4 mm. Seeds dark brown to black (often appearing white because of air in seed coat cells), rectangular to pyramidal, often ± rough surfaced. x = 8.[10] [more]

Diervilla

Bush Honeysuckle (Diervilla) is genus of three species of shrubs in the family Caprifoliaceae, all indigenous to eastern North America. The genus is named after a French surgeon Dr. Dierville, who introduced the plant to Europe around 1700. [more]

Eremophila

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Erythronium

Herbs, perennial, scapose, from ovate to elongate bulbs, sometimes with small, beadlike segments of short, persistent rhizome attached; several species producing additional bulbs as sessile bulbels or at the ends of slender stolons or vertical droppers, these species typically flowering more sparingly than those without extensive vegetative reproduction. Leaves 2 (1 in nonflowering plants), basal, ± petiolate; blade green or mottled with purple, brown, or white, lanceolate to ovate (wider if solitary), flat to folded, 6-60 cm, glaucous in a few species, glabrous, base narrowed gradually or abruptly to petiole, margins entire or sometimes wavy. Scape green or sometimes reddish, typically elongating in fruit. Inflorescences terminal, racemose, 1-10-flowered. Flowers showy, usually nodding, sometimes held laterally or erect; tepals 6 (as few as 4 in E. propullans), spreading to reflexed, distinct, similar, white, yellow, pink, or violet, often with basal zone of yellow or other colors, lanceolate to ovate, inner tepals auriculate at base in many species, auricles appressed to ovary and forming sac- or pocketlike hollows on adaxial surfaces; stamens 6; filaments generally slender; ovary superior; style 1, abruptly attached to ovary (or forming a beak in E. rostratum) ; stigma unlobed or 3-lobed, lobes recurved to erect. Fruits capsular, erect, obovoid to oblong, apex rounded, truncate, or umbilicate (beaked in E. rostratum), dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds brown, ± angular, ± ovoid. x = 11, 12.[11] [more]

Gaultheria

Shrubs evergreen. Stems erect, creeping, or procumbent. Leaves spirally arranged, petiolate; leaf blade serrate or rarely entire. Flower usually 5-merous, sometimes 4-merous, in axillary or terminal racemes or panicles, or solitary; bracteoles variable in position. Calyx deeply divided. Corolla usually white, urceolate, campanulate, or tubular, shallowly lobed. Stamens included; filaments flattened, usually dilated towards base; anthers oblong, dehiscing by terminal pores, with 24 awns or minute projections. Ovary superior or semi-inferior, with many ovules per locule. Stigma truncate. Calyx at fruiting accrescent, fleshy; capsule dehiscing loculicidally or sometimes irregularly [fruit a berry]. Seeds small, unwinged.[12] [more]

Genista

Genista is a genus of which includes many species of broom. Many of these brooms are notorious as noxious weeds. [more]

Geum

Herbs perennial, rhizomatous, sometimes stoloniferous. Stipules adnate to and sheathing petiole; radical leaves pinnate or pseudopinnate; terminal leaflet largest; lateral leaflets often in alternating larger and smaller pairs; cauline leaves few, often 3-foliolate or bractlike. Flowers solitary or in corymbs, bisexual. Hypanthium turbinate or hemispheric. Sepals 5, valvate, persistent; epicalyx segments 5, small, alternate with sepals. Petals 5, yellow, white, or red, orbicular or obovate. Stamens numerous, crowded. Disk lining hypanthium, smooth or ribbed. Carpels numerous, borne on prominent, usually cylindric receptacle, free; ovule ascending; style filiform, jointed; stigma slightly recurved or hooked, minute. Achenes sessile or stipitate, small, hooked at apex of beak. Seed erect; testa membranous; cotyledons oblong. x = 7.[13] [more]

Gilia

Gilia is a of between 25 and 50 species of flowering plants in the family Polemoniaceae, native to temperate and tropical regions of the Americas, from the western United States south to northern Chile, where they occur mainly in desert or semi-desert habitats. [more]

Hemerocallis

Herbs, perennial, scapose, clump-forming, rhizomatous, from fibrous or fleshy contractile roots often enlarged at ends; rhizomes spreading. Leaves many, basal, sessile, 2-ranked, bases sheathing; blade long-linear, keeled, apex acuminate. Inflorescences 2, in terminal helicoid cyme, or solitary. Flowers mostly diurnal and ephemeral, slightly irregular, showy; tepals 6, connate basally into short, funnelform to campanulate tube, distinct parts imbricate, spreading, inner broader than outer; stamens 6, adnate to throat of perianth tube; filaments curved upward, distinct, unequal; anthers dorsifixed, 2-locular, linear-oblong, dehiscence introrse; ovary superior, green, 3-locular, conic, septal nectaries present; style curved upwards; stigma indistinctly 3-lobed or capitate. Fruits capsular, leathery, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds rarely produced (sterile) or many. x = 11.[14] [more]

Hosta

Herbs, perennial, scapose, forming dome-shaped clumps, from rhizomes; rhizomes short, branching, sometimes stoloniferous, leaf scars prominent; roots fleshy. Leaves numerous, basal, spiral, distinctly petiolate; petiole sulcate, terete, sometimes ridged; blade light to dark green, often variegated, cordate to orbiculate to lanceolate, smooth to puckered, margins entire, slightly undulate [flat or crisped]; veins campylodromous, conspicuous, usually sunken adaxially, prominent abaxially. Scape usually surpassing leaves. Inflorescences simple, terminal, racemose, usually subsecund, elongate, subtended proximally by 1 or more sterile bracts, each flower usually bracteate. Flowers: perianth tubular to campanulate or urceolate-cylindric [funnelform]; tepals 6, similar, connate proximally into wide-throated tube, white, bluish purple, or purplish violet with darker markings or lines, lobes spreading, sometimes recurved, longer than perianth tube; stamens 6, inserted at base of perianth tube or ovary apex, exceeding tepals; filaments declinate; anthers dorsifixed in connective pits, dehiscence introrse; ovary superior, sessile, 3-locular, oblong, septal nectaries present; style filiform, exceeding stamens; stigma minute, capitate or 3-lobed; pedicel short. Fruits capsular, pendent at maturity, angled, elongate or triangular, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds numerous, black, flattened, winged. x = 30.[15] [more]

Ilex

Usually dioecious shrubs or trees. Leaves coriaceous, often spinose and shiny above; stipules caducous. Flowers 4-5-merous, bisexual or unisexual with vestigial remains of either sex. Corolla rotate. Style absent or obsolete, stigma lobed. Drupe fleshy, pyrenes 2-5, rarely more.[16] [more]

Leonotis

The genus Leonotis (Lion's Ear or Lion's-Tail) consists of about 40 species of in the family Lamiaceae. [more]

Leycesteria

Leycesteria is a of flowering plants in the honeysuckle family Caprifoliaceae, native to temperate Asia in the Himalaya and southwestern China. [more]

Linanthus

Linanthus is a genus of and perennial plants in the phlox family Polemoniaceae. The species are found in western North America and in Chile, with the greatest diversity in California. [more]

Lonicera

A genus of Diptera.[17] [more]

Lophomyrtus

Lophomyrtus is a of the myrtle family native to New Zealand. It has two species, both evergreen shrubs or trees, noted for their colorful leaves, which are purple, chocolate, red or bronze-green. There are also a number of cultivars. Planting in full sun aids the leaf color to develop. In cool climates, the plant may need to be placed in a sheltered area. This genus is closely related to the Australian Lenwebbia which also has four petals and similar though less colorful leaves. [more]

Lotus

Annual or perennial, herbs or semishrubs. Leaf pinnately compound; leaflets 5, 3 at the apex and 2 at the base resembling stipules, or the basal leaflets absent, entire. Stipules absent or represented by glands or minute, deciduous. Inflorescence an axillary pedunculate or almost sessile umbel, subtended by 1-3 leafy bracts or flower solitary axillary. Calyx tubular, bilabiate. Corolla yellow, pinkish, red, purple or white, free from stamens, keel pointed or beaked. Stamens diadelphous, 9+1, alternate filaments dilated at the apex. Fruit dehiscent, generally many seeded.[18] [more]

Malephora

Shrubs or subshrubs, perennial, succulent. Roots fibrous. Stems erect to prostrate, rooting at older nodes. Leaves cauline, opposite, sessile; stipules absent; blade slightly connate basally, triangular to cylindric, smooth, usually glaucous. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, flowers solitary or in cymes, pedicellate; bracts absent. Flowers showy, tubular, to 5 cm diam.; calyx lobes 4-6, tapered, unequal; petals (including petaloid staminodia) 40-65, distinct, yellow, pink, orange, or reddish to purple; stamens 150, erect, bases often hairy; nectary often present; pistil 8-12-carpellate; ovary mostly inferior, flat apically, 8-12-loculed, each locule with basal pocket containing 1-2 or no seeds; placentation parietal; style absent; stigmas 8-12, plumose. Fruits capsules, persistent, dehiscence loculicidal, not separating into segments; locule lids present, winged. Seeds 75, lenticular, rough; tubercles in rows.[19] [more]

Mansoa

A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]

Meconopsis

Perennial, often prickly, simple or rarely branched, often tall and robust herbs with yellow latex. Leaves entire or lobed, radical stalked, cauline sessile or subsessile. Inflorescence solitary, racemed, pseudo-racemed or panicled. Flowers often large, showy, blue, yellow or purplish-red. Sepals 2(-4), usually caducous, valvate. Petals 4 (often varying from 5-10), free, obovate to broadly ovate. Stamens many, multiseriate; filament filiform; anthers often oblong. Carpels many, fused, superior, with unilocular, ellipsoid to subglobose ovary; ovules many on parietal placentae projecting into the ovary; style distinct, often short; stigma rays 5-6, radiating and forming a globular mass over the ovary. Capsule ovoid, oblong, clavate or cylindrical, 1-celled, dehiscing by short slits at the apex or sometimes splitting almost to the base of the fruit. Seeds many, small, rugose.[20] [more]

Merremia

Herbs or shrubs, often twining, sometimes prostrate. Leaves usually petiolate, rarely sessile, margin entire, dentate, or palmately or pedately lobed or compound. Flowers axillary, solitary or in few- to many-flowered, variously branched cymose inflorescences; bracts usually small. Sepals variable in shape, often convex, subequal or outer 2 smaller, persistent, often enlarged in fruit. Corolla often yellow or white, sometimes with a darker center, funnelform or campanulate, usually glabrous, or midpetaline bands ± sericeous, sometimes only at apex; limb entire or ± 5-angled. Stamens included, often unequal; anthers often spirally twisted; filaments dilated basally, filiform distally; pollen 3-12-colpate or polyrugate, not spiny. Disc ringlike. Pistil included; ovary (imperfectly 2-) 4-loculed, 4-ovuled. Style 1, filiform; stigmas 2-globular. Capsule 1-4-loculed, usually 4-valved or ± irregularly dehiscing. Seeds 4 or fewer, glabrous or pubescent to villous especially at margin.[21] [more]

Moehringia

Herbs, annual or perennial. Taproots slender, rhizomes slender or absent. Stems prostrate or ascending to erect, simple or branched, terete or angled. Leaves not connate, petiolate or sessile, not congested at or near base of flowering stem; blade 1-3(-7) -veined, lanceolate to elliptic or ovate to broadly ovate, not succulent, apex acute or obtuse. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, open cymes, or flowers solitary; bracts paired and foliaceous, or smaller and mostly scarious. Pedicels erect or recurved in fruit. Flowers: perianth and androecium weakly perigynous; hypanthium minute, disc-shaped; sepals (4-) 5, distinct, green, ovate to obovate, 1.7-6 mm, herbaceous, margins white, scarious, apex obtuse or acute to acuminate, not hooded; petals (4-) 5, white, not clawed, blade apex entire; nectaries as fleshy lobes at base of filaments opposite sepals, ca. 3 times width of filament, connate proximally into basal disc; stamens 10, occasionally 8, arising from nectariferous disc; filaments distinct; staminodes absent; styles 3, filiform, 1.5-1.8 mm, glabrous proximally; stigmas 3, linear along adaxial surface of styles, minutely papillate (30×). Capsules broadly ovoid to subglobose, opening by 6 revolute teeth; carpophore absent. Seeds 2-6, reddish brown to blackish, ellipsoid to reniform, laterally compressed, shiny, smooth to minutely tuberculate, marginal wing absent, appendage white, ± elliptic, spongy. x = 12.[22] [more]

Myricaria

Shrubs, rarely subshrubs, deciduous, erect or prostrate. Leaves simple, alternate, sessile, usually densely arranged on green young branches of current year, margin entire. Flowers bisexual, shortly petiolate, clustered into terminal or lateral racemes or panicles; bracts broadly or narrowly membranous along margin. Calyx 5-fid; lobes often membranous along margin. Petals 5, pink, white, or purplish red, obovate, narrowly elliptic, or obovate-oblong, apex obtuse or emarginate, often incurved, usually persistent in fruit. Stamens 10: 5 long and 5 short; filaments ca. 1/2 or 2/3 united, rarely free; anthers 2-thecate, longitudinally dehiscent, yellow. Pistils consisting of 3 carpels; ovary 3-angled; placentation basal; ovules numerous; stigmas capitate, 3-lobed. Capsule 3-septicidal. Seeds numerous, apex awned; awns white villous throughout or on more than half; endosperm absent.[23] [more]

Nemesia

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Osmanthus

Shrubs to small trees, evergreen. Leaves opposite, simple, petiolate; leaf blade entire or serrate, usually glandular dotted. Inflorescences cymose, fascicled in leaf axils or in very short and axillary or terminal panicles; bracts 2, united at base, usually ciliate. Flowers bisexual, usually becoming unisexual and plants dioecious or androdioecious. Calyx campanulate, 4-lobed. Corolla usually white or yellowish, campanulate, cylindric, or urceolate, lobed, parted, or divided almost to base; lobes 4, imbricate in bud. Stamens 2(-4), mostly attached to upper half of corolla tube; connective usually minutely mucronate, elongated, or projecting. Ovules 2 in each locule, pendulous. Stigma capitate or 2-cleft. Abortive pistil subulate or conical. Fruit a drupe; endocarp hard or bony; endosperm fleshy; radicle erect.[24] [more]

Pieris

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[25] [more]

Podocarpus

Trees or shrubs evergreen, dioecious. Leaves spirally arranged to subopposite, ± monomorphic, juvenile leaves similar to adult leaves in shape but often larger and/or wider, linear, lanceolate, or ovate-elliptic, more than 5 mm, with single, obvious, often raised midvein on 1 or both surfaces, stomatal lines present on abaxial surface. Pollen cone complexes axillary, solitary or clustered, pedunculate or sessile; microsporophylls numerous, spirally arranged; microsporangia 2; pollen 2-saccate. Seed-bearing structures usually borne in leaf axils (rarely terminal), solitary (rarely more than 1) ; apical bracts fertile; basal bracts often fused to form a receptacle (obsolete in some species) ; ovule 1 (rarely few), inverted. Epimatium wholly enveloping seed, sometimes colored and succulent. Seed ripening in 1st year, drupelike, dry, or leathery.[26] [more]

Polygonatum

Herbs, perennial, from long, knotty, creeping, occasionally branched rhizomes; leaf scars conspicuous; roots fibrous to fleshy. Stems simple, leafy, erect to arching, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves simple, alternate [opposite or verticillate], dispersed along stem, short-petiolate, subsessile, or clasping; blade ovate or lanceolate to linear, margins entire. Inflorescences racemose, with 1-10(-15) flowers on axillary peduncles, except for distal- and proximal-most axils; peduncle glabrous [pubescent]. Flowers nodding or pendulous; tepals 6, persistent, marcescent, connate basally into cylindrical tube, distinct, tips short, valvate; stamens 6, included, adnate to perianth tube; filament surfaces various; anthers basifixed [dorsifixed], dehiscence introrse; ovary superior, 3-locular, ovoid to globose; septal nectaries present; style slender, included; stigma capitate to obscurely 3-lobed; pedicel articulate, glabrous. Fruits baccate, dark blue to black [red], globose, glaucous, pulpy. Seeds yellowish tan to brownish olive, globose or subglobose, 3-4.5 mm. x = 10 [9-15].[27] [more]

Polystichum

Plants terrestrial. Stems decumbent to erect, stolons absent. Leaves monomorphic (dimorphic in P. acrostichoides ), evergreen. Petiole 1/9--1 times length of blade, bases swollen or not; vascular bundles more than 3, arranged in an arc, ± round in cross section. Blade linear-lanceolate to broadly lanceolate, 1--3-pinnate, gradually reduced distally to pinnatifid apex, somewhat leathery to leathery. Pinnae not articulate to rachis, segment or pinna margins spinulose-toothed (except P. lemmonii ) ; proximal pinnae (several pairs) usually gradually reduced, sessile to short-petiolulate, bases usually inequilateral with acroscopic lobe; costae adaxially grooved, grooves continuous from rachis to costae; indument of linear to lanceolate scales on costae and sometimes between veins abaxially (microscales), ± glabrous or similarly scaly adaxially (scales forming loosely tangled network over blade and sori in P. dudleyi ). Veins free, forked, rarely ( P. imbricans ) anastomosing. Sori in 1 row (to several) between midrib and margins, round (confluent, covering abaxial surface in P. acrostichoides ) ; indusia peltate, persistent or caducous [absent]. Spores yellow or brownish to black, with inflated folds. x = 41.[28] [more]

Rohdea

Herbs perennial, rhizomatous. Rhizome ascending, thick, stout. Leaves basal, tufted, usually slightly distichous equitant, sessile, base dilated. Scape axillary, suberect, much shorter than leaves. Inflorescence a terminal spike, densely flowered, fleshy; bracts short, membranous. Flowers bisexual. Perianth segments connate except at apex into a globose-campanulate tube; lobes incurved, short, fleshy. Stamens 6; filaments nearly wholly adnate to perianth tube; anthers positioned distally in perianth tube, dorsifixed. Ovary globose, 3-loculed; ovules 2 per locule. Style very short or inconspicuous; stigma 3-lobed. Fruit a berry, 1-seeded.[29] [more]

Sclerocarya

Sclerocarya is a genus of in family Anacardiaceae. [more]

Silene

Herbs, annual, biennial, or perennial, often decumbent at base or sometimes cespitose. Taproots slender or often stout, deep, branched caudex often present, some species stoloniferous or rhizomatous. Stems simple or branched, terete or sometimes angular. Leaves opposite or occasionally whorled, connate proximally, petiolate (basal leaves) or sessile (most cauline leaves) ; blade 1-5-veined, linear to obovate or spatulate, herbaceous, apex acute to obtuse. Inflorescences terminal or sometimes axillary, simple or branched, sometimes condensed cymes, frequently flowers few or solitary, frequently glandular-pubescent and viscid; bracts paired, herbaceous or scarious, or absent; involucel bracteoles absent. Pedicels erect, rarely flowers sessile or subsessile. Flowers bisexual, sometimes unisexual (rarely so on separate plants) ; sepals connate proximally into tube, (4-) 10-28(-40) mm; tube green, whitish, and/or purplish, 10-30-veined, cylindric to campanulate, urceolate, or clavate, terete, frequently inflated, membranous or more rarely herbaceous, commissures between sepals 1-veined, herbaceous; lobes green or purplish, 1-5-veined, broadly triangular to lance-oblong or linear, usually shorter than tube, margins whitish, scarious, apex acute to obtuse; petals 5, white, pink, scarlet, dusky purple, or off-white tinged with purple, clawed, claw usually conspicuous, sometimes small, rarely absent, auricles 2, coronal appendages 2, variously shaped or dissected; limb usually exserted and conspicuous, oblanceolate to obovate, apex 2-lobed, sometimes dissected into 1-4 linear lobes or irregular teeth, or fimbriate, rarely entire; nectaries at filament bases; stamens 10, rarely fewer or absent, frequently dimorphic with longer opposite petals, arising with petals from carpophore; filaments distinct nearly to base; staminodes absent (rarely to 10 in pistillate flowers, arising with petals from carpophore, filiform) ; ovary 1- or 3-5-locular; styles 3 or 5, occasionally 4 (absent in staminate flowers), filiform, 1.5-20 mm, glabrous proximally; stigmas 3 or 5, occasionally 4, linear along adaxial surface of styles, papillate (30×) . Capsules ovoid to globose, opening along sutures into 3-5 valves, frequently splitting into 6-10 equal teeth; carpophore usually present. Seeds ca. (5-) 15-100(-500+), reddish to gray or black, reniform to globose, usually tuberculate or papillate, papillae around margins sometimes larger and inflated, marginal wing sometimes present, appendage absent; embryo peripheral, curved. x = (10) 12.[30] [more]

Sorbus

Trees or shrubs, usually deciduous. Winter buds usually rather large, ovoid, conical, or spindle-shaped, sometimes viscid; scales imbricate, several, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves alternate, membranous or herbaceous; stipules caducous, simple or pinnately compound, plicate or rarely convolute in bud; leaf blade usually serrate, sometimes nearly entire, venation craspedodromous or camptodromous, glabrous or pubescent. Inflorescences compound, rarely simple corymbs or panicles. Hypanthium campanulate, rarely obconical or urceolate. Sepals 5, ovate or triangular, glabrous, pubescent, or tomentose, sometimes glandular along margin. Petals 5, glabrous or pubescent, base clawed or not. Stamens 15-25(-44) in 2 or 3 whorls, unequal in length; anthers ovoid or subglobose. Carpels 2-5, partly or wholly adnate to hypanthium; ovary semi-inferior to inferior, 2-5-(-7) loculed, with 2 or 3(or 4) ovules per locule, one usually abortive; styles 2-5, free or partially connate, glabrous or pubescent. Fruit a pome, white, yellow, pink, or brown to orange or red, ovoid or globose to ellipsoid or oblong, usually small, glabrous or pubescent, laevigate or with small lenticels, apically with sepals persistent or caducous leaving an annular scar, with 2-5(-7) locules, each with 1 or 2 exendospermous seeds; seeds several, with thin perisperm and endosperm enclosing embryo with compressed cotyledons.Trees or shrubs, usually deciduous. Winter buds usually rather large, ovoid, conical, or spindle-shaped, sometimes viscid; scales imbricate, several, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves alternate, membranous or herbaceous; stipules caducous, simple or pinnately compound, plicate or rarely convolute in bud; leaf blade usually serrate, sometimes nearly entire, venation craspedodromous or camptodromous, glabrous or pubescent. Inflorescences compound, rarely simple corymbs or panicles. Hypanthium campanulate, rarely obconical or urceolate. Sepals 5, ovate or triangular, glabrous, pubescent, or tomentose, sometimes glandular along margin. Petals 5, glabrous or pubescent, base clawed or not. Stamens 15-25(-44) in 2 or 3 whorls, unequal in length; anthers ovoid or subglobose. Carpels 2-5, partly or wholly adnate to hypanthium; ovary semi-inferior to inferior, 2-5-(-7) loculed, with 2 or 3(or 4) ovules per locule, one usually abortive; styles 2-5, free or partially connate, glabrous or pubescent. Fruit a pome, white, yellow, pink, or brown to orange or red, ovoid or globose to ellipsoid or oblong, usually small, glabrous or pubescent, laevigate or with small lenticels, apically with sepals persistent or caducous leaving an annular scar, with 2-5(-7) locules, each with 1 or 2 exendospermous seeds; seeds several, with thin perisperm and endosperm enclosing embryo with compressed cotyledons.[31] [more]

Staphylea

Staphylea (Bladdernut)(Jonjoli) is a small genus of 10 or 11 species of in the family Staphyleaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The highest species diversity is in China, where four species occur. [more]

At least 41 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Staphylea.

More info about the Genus Staphylea may be found here.

Bibliography

[ Back to top ]

Footnotes

[ Back to top ]
  1. Nianhe Xia & Nicholas J. Turland "Aesculus". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 1, 2, 6. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  2. "Alnus". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  3. "Arisaema". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  4. "Begonia". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 153. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  5. Clifton E. Nauman "Blechnum". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  6. E. Nasir "Campanula". in Flora of Pakistan . Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  7. Henk var der Werff "Cinnamomum". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  8. "Convolvulus". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 289. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  9. Gordon C. Tucker, Brian G. Marcks & J. Richard Carter "Cyperus". in Flora of North America Vol. 23 Page 7, 141, 154, 162, 163, 164, 168, 170, 184,. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  10. Michael J. Warnock "Delphinium". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  11. Geraldine A. Allen & Kenneth R. Robertson "Erythronium". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 15, 58, 153, 154, 162, 163. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  12. Fang Rhui-cheng, Peter F. Stevens "Gaultheria". in Flora of China Vol. 14 Page 464. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  13. Li Chao-luang, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba "Geum". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 286. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  14. Gerald B. Straley & Frederick H. Utech "Hemerocallis". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 51, 53, 57, 219. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  15. Frederick H. Utech "Hosta". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 21, 51, 53, 57, 222, 223. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  16. "Ilex". in Flora of Pakistan Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  17. http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Lonicera&search=Search
  18. "Lotus". in Flora of Pakistan Page 311. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  19. John E. Bleck "Malephora". in Flora of North America Vol. 4 Page 77, 89. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  20. "Meconopsis". in Flora of Pakistan Page 22. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  21. "Merremia". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 291. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  22. Richard K. Rabeler, Ronald L. Hartman "Moehringia". in Flora of North America Vol. 5. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  23. "Myricaria". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 58, 66. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  24. "Osmanthus". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 286. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  25. http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Pieris&search=Search
  26. "Podocarpus". in Flora of China Vol. 4 Page 81. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  27. Frederick H. Utech "Polygonatum". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 19, 57, 210, 211. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  28. David H. Wagner "Polystichum". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  29. Liang Song-jun, Minoru N. Tamura "Rohdea". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 239. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  30. John K. Morton "Silene". in Flora of North America Vol. 5. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  31. Lu Ling-ti, Stephen A. Spongberg "Sorbus". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 144. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Sources

[ Back to top ]
Last Revised: September 22, 2009
2009/09/22 15:20:43