Overview
The Liliaceae, or the lily family, is a family of monocotyledons in the order Liliales. Plants in this family have linear leaves, mostly with parallel veins but with several having net venation (e.g., Cardiocrinum, Clintonia, Medeola, Prosartes, Scoliopus, Tricyrtis), and flower arranged in threes. Several have bulbs, while others have rhizomes. Shade-dwelling genera usually have broad, net-veined leaves, fleshy fruits with animal-dispersed seeds, rhizomes, and small, inconspicuous flowers; genera native to sunny habitats usually have narrow, parallel-veined leaves, capsular fruits with wind-dispersed seeds, bulbs, and large, visually conspicuous flowers.
Many plants in the Liliaceae are important ornamental plants, widely grown for their attractive flowers. Many species are poisonous if eaten and may cause serious complications, such as renal failure, in household pets, especially cats.
The lily family was formerly a paraphyletic "catch-all" group that included a great num ber of genera now included in other families, and some in other orders, including Agavaceae, Alliaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae, Asphodelaceae, Hyacinthaceae, Melanthiaceae, Nartheciaceae, Ruscaceae, Smilacaceae , Tecophilaeaceae, Themidaceae, Tofieldiaceae, and Uvulariaceae, and members of the monocot orders Asparagales, Dioscoreales, and Alismatales. Smilacaceae appears to be the family most closely related to Liliaceae.
The genus Calochortus, which includes the sego and mariposa lilies, and its allied genera are separated into a separate family Calochortaceae in some schemes, while others maintain them as a subfamily of Liliaceae, the Calochortoideae.
It is estimated that the family evolved 58 million years ago during the Early Paleogene.
The list below includes genera that have historically been classified in family Liliaceae. Monocot classification has undergone considerable revision in recent years, and some newer systems, including the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group's APG III classification system, have assigned many of these genera to different families based on genetic relationships. APG III transfers to other families (including subfamilies and, where it applies, orders) are listed in brackets.
Changes in APG III
The genus list above is based on the APG II system. When the APG III system was published in 2009, the families Xanthorrhoeaceae, Amaryllidaceae, and Asparagaceae, were greatly expanded. [1] Thirteen of the families of APG II were thereby reduced to subfamilies. The APG II families and their equivalent APG III subfamilies are as follows:
Gallery
Calochortus nuttallii (Sego Lily)
Gagea species
Many plants in the Liliaceae are important ornamental plants, widely grown for their attractive flowers. Many species are poisonous if eaten and may cause serious complications, such as renal failure, in household pets, especially cats.
The lily family was formerly a paraphyletic "catch-all" group that included a great number of genera now included in other families, and some in other orders, including Agavaceae, Alliaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae, Asphodelaceae, Hyacinthaceae, Melanthiaceae, Nartheciaceae, Ruscaceae, Smilacaceae , Tecophilaeaceae, Themidaceae, Tofieldiaceae, and Uvulariaceae, and members of the monocot orders Asparagales, Dioscoreales, and Alismatales. Smilacaceae appears to be the family most closely related to Liliaceae.
The genus Calochortus, which includes the sego and mariposa lilies, and its allied genera are separated into a separate family Calochortaceae in some schemes, while others maintain them as a subfamily of Liliaceae, the Calochortoideae.
It is estimated tha t the family evolved 58 million years ago during the Early Paleogene.
The list below includes genera that have historically been classified in family Liliaceae. Monocot classification has undergone considerable revision in recent years, and some newer systems, including the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group's APG III classification system, have assigned many of these genera to different families based on genetic relationships. APG III transfers to other families (including subfamilies and, where it applies, orders) are listed in brackets.
Changes in APG III
The genus list above is based on the APG II system. When the APG III system was published in 2009, the families Xanthorrhoeaceae, Amaryllidaceae, and Asparagaceae, were greatly expanded. [1] Thirteen of the families of APG II were thereby reduced to subfamilies. The APG II families and their equivalent APG III subfamilies are as follows:
Gallery
Calochortus nuttallii (Sego Lily)
Gagea specie s
References
- ^ Mark W. Chase, James L. Reveal, and Michael F. Fay. "A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161(2):132?136.
Sources
- APG. 1998. An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Gardens 85: 531-553.
- APG II. 2003. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders of flowering plants: APG II. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 141: 399-436.
- Chase, M. W., M. R. Duvall, H. G. Hills, J. G. Conran, A. V. Cox, L. E. Eguiarte, J. Hartwell, M. F. Fay, L. R.Caddick, K. M. Cameron, and S. Hoot. 1995. Molecular phylogenetics of Lilianae. Pp. 109-137 in P. J. Rudall, P. J. Cribb, D. F. Cutler, and C. J. Humphries (editors), Monocotyledons: systematics and evolution. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- Chase, M. W., M. F. Fay, D. Devey, O. Maurin, N. R?nsted, J. Davies, Y. Pillon, G. Petersen, O. Seberg, M. N. Tamura, C. B. Asmussen, K. Hilu, T. Borsch, J. I. Davis, D. W. Stevenson, J. C. Pires, T. J. Givnish, K. J. Sytsma, M. A. McPherson, S. W. Graham, and Rai, H. S. 2006. Multigene analyses of monocot relationships: a summary. Pp. 63-75 in J. T. Columbus, E. A. Friar, J. M. Porter, L. M. Prince, and M. G. Simpson, M. G. (eds), Monocots: comparative biology and evolution (excluding Poales). Rancho Santa Ana Botanical Garden, Claremont, Ca. [Aliso 22: 63-75.]
- Dahlgren, R. M. T., H. T. Clifford, and P. F. Yeo. 1985. The families of monocotyledons. - Springer-Verlag. Berlin, Germany.
- Givnish, T. J., J. C. Pires, S. W. Graham, M. A. McPherson, L. M. Prince, T. B. Patterson, H. S. Rai, E. R. Roalson, T. M. Evans, W. J Hahn, K. C. Millam, A. W. Meerow, M. Molvray, P. Kores, H. E. O?Brien, W. J. Kress, J. Hall, and K. J. Sytsma. 2005. Repeated evolution of net venation and fleshy fruits among monocots in shaded habitats confirms a priori predictions: evidence from an ndhF phylogeny. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 272: 1481-1490.
- Givnish, T. J., J. C. Pires, S. W. Graham, M. A. McPherson, L. M. Prince, T. B. Patterson, H. S. Rai, E. R. Roalson, T. M. Evans, W. J Hahn, K. C. Millam, A. W. Meerow, M. Molvray, P. Kores, H. E. O?Brien, W. J. Kress, J. Hall, and K. J. Sytsma. 2006. Phylogeny of the monocotyledons based on the highly informative plastid gene ndhF: evidence for widespread concerted convergence. Pp. 28-51 in J. T. Columbus, E. A. Friar, J. M. Porter, L. M. Prince, and M. G. Simpson (eds.) Monocots: comparative biology and evolution (excluding Poale s). Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, CA.
- Graham, S. W., J. M. Zgurski, M. A. McPherson, D. M. Cherniawsky, J. M. Saarela, E. F. C. Horne, S. Y. Smith, W. A. Wong, H. E. O'Brien, V. L. Biron, J. C. Pires, R. G. Olmstead, M. W. Chase, and H. S. Rai. 2006. Robust inference of monocot deep phylogeny using an expanded multigene plastid data set. Pp. 3-21 in J. T. Columbus, E. A. Friar, J. M. Porter, L. M. Prince, and M. G. Simpson, M. G. (eds), Monocots: comparative biology and evolution (excluding Poales). Rancho Santa Ana Botanical Garden, Claremont, Ca. [Aliso 22: 3-21.]
- Kelch, D. G. 2000. What happened to the lily family? Pacific Horticulture 61:76-79.
- Kubitzki, K. (Editor) 1998: The families and genera of vascular plants, Vol.3. Springer-Verlag. Berlin, Germany. ISBN 3-540-64060-6
- Patterson, T. B., and T. J. Givnish. 2002. Phylogeny, concerted convergence, and phylogenetic niche conservatism in the core Liliales: insights from rbcL and < i>ndhF sequence data. Evolution 56: 233-252.
- R?nsted, N., S. Law, H. Thornton, M. F. Fay, and M. W. Chase. 2005. Molecular phylogenetic evidence for the monophyly of Fritillaria and Lilium (Liliaceae; Liliales) and the infrageneric classification of Fritillaria. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35: 509-527.
- Vinnersten, A., and K. Bremer. 2001. Age and biogeography of major clades in Liliales. American Journal of Botany 88: 1695-1703.
- Zomlefer, W. B., N. H. Williams, W. M. Whitten, and W. S. Judd. 2001. Generic circumscription and relationships in the tribe Melanthieae (Liliales, Melanthiaceae), with emphasis on Zigadenus: evidence from ITS and trnL-F sequence data. American Journal of Botany 88: 1657-1669.
External links
- Bulbsociety
- Chilean Liliaceae at Chileflora
Taxonomy
The Family Liliaceae is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Subfamily (11): Agapanthoideae · Asteroideae · Calochortoideae · Cyperoideae · Ixioideae · Lilioideae · Phalangiinae · Ranunculoideae · Ruboideae · Streptopoideae · Trollioideae
- Tribe (23): Anemoneae · Anthemideae · Boragineae · Coronilleae · Delphinieae · Ericeae · Hyacintheae · Indigofereae · Isopyreae · Ixieae · Lamieae · Lilieae · Lloydieae · Lonicereae · Narcisseae · Orchideae · Rhododendreae · Salvieae · Senecioneae · Teucrieae · Tradescantieae · Tulipeae · Verbasceae
- Genus (306): Abelia · Abumon · Acrospira · Amana · Amblirion · Anguinum · Aphyllantes · Aphyllanthus · Ascalonicum · Askolame · Asphodelopsis · Atamosco · Bifolium · Boweia · Brodieae · Calochortus · Calodracon · Camarilla · Cardiocrinum · Carmispartium · Centradenia · Cepa · Chamaecytisus · Charlwoodia · Chionoscilla · Chlamydia · Chlamysporum · Cleistoyucca · Clinostylis · Clintonia · Codonatanthus · Codonoprasum · Cohnia · Coprosmanthus · Curcumis · Cyclobothra · Cymba · Cyrtostylis · Czackia · Dichelostemmum · Dorydium · Dracaenopsis · Draco · Dressleria · Eduardoregelia · Enchylaena · Endogona · Endotis · Endymion · Eratobotrys · Eriospermum · Erythronium · Erythrorhipsalis · Eucharis · Excremis · Ezehlsia · Fortunatia · Freylinia · Fritillaria · Frittilaria · Frittillaria · Funkia · Gagea · Gardinia · Getuonis · Gomphostylis · Gorodkovia · Halongia · Hartwegia · Heliaporus · Helionopsis · Helonius · Hemierium · Hesperanthes · Hesperocles · Hexagonotheca · Hexonychia · Hollia · Honogalum · Honorius · Hookera · Hosta · Huttia · Hylocharis · Hylogeton · Hylomenes · Hylonome · Hypoxidopsis · Idothea · Idothearia · Ifuon · Imperialis · Ioncomelos · Iphigeniopsis · Iulus · Jocaste · Jrillium · Kalabotis · Kepa · Koeiea · Kolbea · Korolkowia · Kozola · Kromon · Kruhsea · Kumara · Kumaria · Lagocodes · Laothoe · Ledebouriella · Lemotris · Lemotrys · Lepicaulon · Leptaloe · Lethea · Lichtensteinia · Licinia · Lignocarpa · Liliago · Liliastrum · Liliorhiza · Lilium · Lilium-Convallium · Lindneria · Liriactis · Liriopogon · Liriothaminus · Lloydia · Lomaresis · Lomataloe · Lomateria · Loncodilis · Loncomelos · Loncostemon · Loncoxis · Lophomyrtus · Macrogyne · Maia · Maianthenum · Majanthemum · Maliga · Manlilia · Mariposa · Martagon · Mauhlia · Medeola · Medora · Melorima · Menstruocalamus · Meta-Aletris · Methonica · Miltassia · Modiolastrum · Molium · Moly · Molyza · Mondo · Monocallis · Monocaryum · Monoestes · Monophyllon · Monotassa · Morgagnia · Moscharea · Myanthe · Nectarobothrium · Nectaroscilla · Nemampsis · Nemaulax · Nemexia · Nemopogon · Neobakeria · Neolourya · Niobe · Nomocharis · Notholirion · Notocles · Oakesia · Oakesiella · Oceanoros · Ochagavia · Oligosmilax · Oligostachyum · Omentaria · Omphacarpus · Ophiobostryx · Ophioprason · Ophioscorodon · Ophiostachys · Orchiastrum · Orchiops · Orithya · Orithyia · Ornithoxanthum · Oxymyrsine · Oziroe · Pachidendron · Panstenum · Paradisea · Parduyna · Parillax · Parthenostachys · Periballanthus · Pessularia · Petilium · Phalangites · Phalangium · Pharium · Phyllantherum · Phylloma · Pincenectitia · Plecostigma · Plectogyne · Pleisolirion · Poellnitzia · Polemannia · Polyanthes · Ponerorchis · Porrum · Prosartes · Pseudogaltonia · Raphione · Reggeria · Reineckia · Rhinopetalum · Rhipidodendrum · Rhizirideum · Rhodea · Rhuacophila · Rigidella · Roulinia · Rupalleya · Sabadilla · Salmia · Sanseverinia · Sanseviella · Sanseviera · Sarana · Sarothamnus · Saturnia · Schizobasopsis · Schoenissa · Schoenoprasum · Sciophila · Scoliopus · Scorodon · Seriphidium · Seubertia · Sigillaria · Sigillum · Siraitos · Solenarium · Somera · Squilla · Steirodiscus · Stellarioides · Stellaris · Stellaster · Stoerkia · Strangweia · Streptopus · Styrandra · Sugerokia · Syncodium · Terauchia · Terminalis · Themis · Theresia · Tozzettia · Trianthella · Tricharis · Tricyrtis · Trigonea · Tritelia · Tritoma · Tritomanthe · Troxilanthes · Tulbagia · Tulipa · Tulista · Tulophos · Tysonia · Ugni · Unidentified · Unifolium · Urgineopsis · Urginia · Uropetalum · Uvulana · Vagnera · Valentinia · Validallium · Velheimia · Verabrum · Verdickia · Verinea · Whiteheadia · Willrussellia · X Chionoscilla · Xeniatrum · Xeodolon · Xerophyllium · Zigandenus · Zoellnerallium · Zuccagnia · Zygadenus
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 9,750 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in the Family Liliaceae.
Genera
Abelia
A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Abumon
Acrospira
Amana
Amblirion
Anguinum
Aphyllantes
Aphyllanthus
Ascalonicum
Askolame
Asphodelopsis
Atamosco
Bifolium
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Boweia
Brodieae
Calochortus
Calochortus () is a genus of plants that includes herbaceous, perennial and bulbous species. The genus includes aproximately 70 species distributed in North America from south west British Columbia to northern Guatemala and east to Nebraska and the Dakotas. Calochortus is the most widely dispersed genus of Liliaceae on the North American Pacific coast. Of these, 28 species are endemic to California. The genus Calochortus includes Mariposas (or Mariposa lilies) with open wedge-shaped petals, Globe lilies and Fairy lanterns with globe-shaped flowers, and Cat's ears and Star tulips with erect pointed petals. The word Calochortus is derived from Greek and means "beautiful grass". [more]
Calodracon
Camarilla
Cardiocrinum
Cardiocrinum is a genus of three or four species of bulbous plants of the family Liliaceae. They are native to the Himalaya, montane China, and Japan. The bulbs are usually formed at the soil surface. The preferred habitat is woodland. The plants tend to be monocarpic, dying after flowering. [more]
Carmispartium
Centradenia
Cepa
Chamaecytisus
Chamaecytisus is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the sub family Faboideae. It may be synonymous with Cytisus. [more]
Charlwoodia
Chionoscilla
Chlamydia
Chlamydia can refer to: [more]
Chlamysporum
Thysanotus is a genus of perennial herbs in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Lomandroideae, which are native to Australia, Malesia and Asia. [more]
Cleistoyucca
Clinostylis
Clintonia
The genus Clintonia contains the bead lilies, which flower and then fruit into berry-like structures. Plants of this genus are distributed across North America and eastern Asia. This genus was named after De Witt Clinton, an 18th-century botanist and U.S. politician. [more]
Codonatanthus
Codonoprasum
Cohnia
Coprosmanthus
Curcumis
Cyclobothra
Cymba
Cyrtostylis
Cyrtostylis is a genus of orchid. [more]
Czackia
Dichelostemmum
Dorydium
Dracaenopsis
Draco
Draco is the Latin word for "dragon". It may refer to: [more]
Dressleria
Eduardoregelia
Enchylaena
Endogona
Endotis
Endymion
Endymion may be: [more]
Eratobotrys
Eriospermum
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Erythronium
Erythronium (fawn-lily, trout-lily, dog's-tooth violet, adder's-tongue) is a genus of 20-30 species of spring-flowering perennial plants with long, tooth-like bulbs and attractive pendant flowers, native to forest and meadow in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. [more]
Erythrorhipsalis
Eucharis
A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Excremis
Ezehlsia
Fortunatia
Freylinia
Fritillaria
Fritillaria is a genus of about 100 species of bulbous plants in the family Liliaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The name is derived from the Latin term for a dice-box (fritillus), and probably refers to the checkered pattern, frequently of chocolate-brown and greenish yellow, that is common to many species' flowers. Collectively, the genus is known in English as fritillaries; some North American species are called missionbells. [more]
Frittilaria
Frittillaria
Funkia
Hosta (, syn.: Funkia) is a genus of about 23?45 species of lily-like plants in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Agavoideae, native to northeast Asia. They have been placed in their own family, Hostaceae (or Funkiaceae); like many 'lilioid monocots', they were once classified in the Liliaceae. The scientific name is also used as the common name; in the past they were also sometimes called the Corfu Lily, the Day Lily, or the Plantain lily, but these terms are now obsolete. The name Hosta is in honor of the Austrian botanist Nicholas Thomas Host. The Japanese name Giboshi is also used in English to a small extent. The rejected generic name Funkia, also used as a common name, can be found in some older literature. [more]
Gagea
Gagea is a large genus of spring flowers in the Liliaceae found in Europe and western Asia. It is named after the English naturalist Sir Thomas Gage. They were originally described as species of Ornithogalum, which, together with the usual yellow color of the flowers, explains the English name Yellow Star-of-Bethlehem for the most common species in Europe, Gagea lutea, which grows in damp deciduous woodland. [more]
Gardinia
Getuonis
Gomphostylis
Gorodkovia
Halongia
Hartwegia
Heliaporus
Helionopsis
Helonius
Hemierium
Hesperanthes
Hesperocles
Hexagonotheca
Hexonychia
Hollia
Honogalum
Honorius
Hookera
Hosta
Hosta (, syn.: Funkia) is a genus of about 23?45 species of lily-like plants in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Agavoideae, native to northeast Asia. They have been placed in their own family, Hostaceae (or Funkiaceae); like many 'lilioid monocots', they were once classified in the Liliaceae. The scientific name is also used as the common name; in the past they were also sometimes called the Corfu Lily, the Day Lily, or the Plantain lily, but these terms are now obsolete. The name Hosta is in honor of the Austrian botanist Nicholas Thomas Host. The Japanese name Giboshi is also used in English to a small extent. The rejected generic name Funkia, also used as a common name, can be found in some older literature. [more]
Huttia
Hylocharis
Hylocharis is a genus of in the Trochilidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Hylogeton
Hylomenes
Hylonome
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Hypoxidopsis
Idothea
Idothearia
Ifuon
Imperialis
Ioncomelos
Iphigeniopsis
Iulus
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Jocaste
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Jrillium
Kalabotis
Kepa
Koeiea
Kolbea
Korolkowia
Kozola
Kromon
Kruhsea
Kumara
Kumaria
Lagocodes
Laothoe
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[1] [more]
Ledebouriella
Lemotris
Lemotrys
Lepicaulon
Leptaloe
Lethea
Lichtensteinia
Licinia
Lignocarpa
Liliago
Liliastrum
Liliorhiza
Lilium
Lilium is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants growing from bulbs, all with large, prominent flowers. They comprise a genus of about 110 species in the lily family Liliaceae. Most species are native to the temperate northern hemisphere, though their range extends into the northern subtropics. [more]
Lilium-Convallium
Lindneria
Liriactis
Liriopogon
Liriothaminus
Lloydia
Lloydia is a genus of flowering plants comprising about a dozen species, most of which live in Central and Eastern Asia. One species, Lloydia serotina is a more widespread arctic-alpine plant. The genus is named after Edward Lhuyd, the Welsh botanist who discovered the plant growing on Snowdon in North Wales. [more]
Lomaresis
Lomataloe
Lomateria
Loncodilis
Loncomelos
Loncostemon
Loncoxis
Lophomyrtus
Lophomyrtus is a of the myrtle family native to New Zealand. It has two species, both evergreen shrubs or trees, noted for their colorful leaves, which are purple, chocolate, red or bronze-green. There are also a number of cultivars. Planting in full sun aids the leaf color to develop. In cool climates, the plant may need to be placed in a sheltered area. This genus is closely related to the Australian Lenwebbia which also has four petals and similar though less colorful leaves. [more]
Macrogyne
Maia
Maianthenum
Majanthemum
Maliga
Manlilia
Mariposa
Martagon
Lilium lancifolium (syn. L. tigrinum) is a species of lily native to northern and eastern Asia, including Japan. It is one of several species of lily to which the common name Tiger lily is applied, and is the species most widely known by this name. [more]
Mauhlia
Medeola
Herbs, perennial, from tapered, white, tuberlike, horizontal rhizomes. Stems simple, slender. Leaves in 2 whorls; proximal blades oblong-oblanceolate, base attenuate, margins entire, apex acuminate; distal blades ovate, rounded at base, apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, umbellate, (2-) 3-9-flowered, sessile. Flowers: tepals caducous, 6, similar, recurved, distinct; stamens 6; anthers versatile, oblong, extrorse; ovary superior, 3-locular; styles 3, recurved, distinct to base, often purple; pedicel declined or spreading in flower, erect in fruit. Fruits baccate, dark purple to black, globose. Seeds few, shiny brown, subglobose. x = 7.[2] [more]
Medora
Melorima
Menstruocalamus
Meta-Aletris
Methonica
Miltassia
Modiolastrum
Molium
Moly
Molyza
Mondo
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Monocallis
Monocaryum
Monoestes
Monophyllon
Monotassa
Morgagnia
Moscharea
Myanthe
Nectarobothrium
Nectaroscilla
Nemampsis
Nemaulax
Nemexia
Smilax sect. Nemexia is a section of plants in the family Smilacaceae. It consists of the herbaceous plants within the genus Smilax. Smilax species fall into two groups with distinctive morphologies: one group has woody perennial stems with thorns and a vining habit, while the other group has herbaceous stems that die back to the ground each winter. S. sect. Nemexia is the taxon that comprises the herbaceous species. In the past it was often a genus of its own under the name Nemexia and taxonomists still need further study of the species of Smilax to determine its proper rank. However the widely accepted taxonomic system of the Flora of North America does not recognize Nemexia, nor does the AP-site. Thus Nemexia is not currently considered an accepted genus taxon by most plant taxonomists. [more]
Nemopogon
Neobakeria
Neolourya
Niobe
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Nomocharis
Nomocharis is a genus of the family Liliaceae. It consists of about 7 species native to montane regions of western China, Myanmar, and northern India. They are similar to Lilium, with one of the more obvious differences being the flowers being more shallow or sometimes flat. [more]
Notholirion
Herbs perennial, bulbiferous. Bulb narrowly ovoid or cylindric; tunic black-brown, scarious; bulbels many, with several fleshy scales and hard tunics. Stem erect, stout, glabrous or subglabrous. Leaves basal and cauline, alternate, sessile, linear to linear-lanceolate. Inflorescence a terminal raceme, few to many flowered; bracts linear. Flowers bisexual, campanulate to funnelform; pedicel usually rather short. Tepals 6, free, usually blue, purple, or red. Stamens 6, inserted at base of tepals; filaments filiform, slightly widened toward base; anthers dorsifixed, versatile, ellipsoid to narrowly so. Ovary 3-loculed; ovules many per locule. Style columnar, rather long, slender; stigma 3-lobed, lobes slightly recurved. Fruit a loculicidal capsule. Seeds many, flat, narrowly or scarcely winged all round.[3] [more]
Notocles
Oakesia
Oakesiella
Oceanoros
Ochagavia
Ochagavia (named for Sylvestris Ochagavia, Chilean minister of education) is a of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae. Endemic to southern and central Chile, this genus is represented by four known species. [more]
Oligosmilax
Oligostachyum
Oligostachyum is a genus of bamboo originating from coastal China. The genus is sometimes considered a synonym of Arundinaria. [more]
Omentaria
Omphacarpus
Ophiobostryx
Ophioprason
Ophioscorodon
Ophiostachys
Orchiastrum
Orchiops
Orithya
Orithyia
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Ornithoxanthum
Oxymyrsine
Oziroe
Pachidendron
Panstenum
Paradisea
Paradisea is a European genus of flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae. It was formerly classified in the family Anthericaceae or earlier in the Liliaceae. Paradisea is sometimes confused with Anthericum. [more]
Parduyna
Parillax
Parthenostachys
Periballanthus
Pessularia
Petilium
Phalangites
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Phalangium
Phalangium is a genus of harvestmen, that occurs mostly in the Old World. The best known species is Phalangium opilio, which is so common in many temperate regions that it is simply called "harvestman". [more]
Pharium
Phyllantherum
Phylloma
Pincenectitia
Plecostigma
Plectogyne
Pleisolirion
Poellnitzia
Polemannia
Polyanthes
Ponerorchis
Porrum
Prosartes
Herbs, from slender, knotty rhizomes with fibrous roots, generally pubescent throughout. Stems branched distally, with 2-5 papery bracts sheathing proximally. Leaves sessile or subsessile; blade broadly ovate to oblanceolate, veinlets forming loose reticulum. Inflorescences strictly terminal. Flowers 1-4(-7) in a cluster, nodding, pedicellate; tepals deciduous, distinct, weakly gibbous proximally; stamens hypogynous, basally adnate to tepals; filaments filiform to basally dilated; anthers linear-oblong, extrorse; ovary superior, sessile, 3-locular, narrowly ellipsoid to obovoid, ovules 2-6 per locule, pendulous or horizontal; style included or exserted, filiform; stigma not lobed or weakly 3-lobed; pedicel slender. Fruits baccate, straw-colored to red, ± fleshy. Seeds light yellow to orangish brown, ellipsoid to oblong, smooth. x = 6, 8, 9, 11.[4] [more]
Pseudogaltonia
Raphione
Reggeria
Reineckia
Rhinopetalum
Rhipidodendrum
Rhizirideum
Rhodea
Rohdea japonica, the sole species in the genus Rohdea, is a in the family Ruscaceae, native to eastern Asia from southwestern China to Japan. Common names include Nippon Lily, Sacred Lily, and Japanese Sacred Lily; synonyms include Orontium japonicum, Rohdea esquirolii, and Rohdea sinensis. [more]
Rhuacophila
Rigidella
Roulinia
Rupalleya
Sabadilla
Salmia
Sanseverinia
Sanseviella
Sanseviera
Sansevieria is a genus of about 70 species of flowering plants, whose common names include mother-in-law's tongue, devil's tongue, jinn's tongue, bow string hemp, snake plant and snake tongue. It is often included in the genus Dracaena; in the APG III classification system, both genera are placed in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Nolinoideae (formerly the family Ruscaceae). It has also been placed in the former family Dracaenaceae. [more]
Sarana
Sarothamnus
Saturnia
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[5] [more]
Schizobasopsis
Schoenissa
Schoenoprasum
Sciophila
Scoliopus
Herbs, perennial, with short, knotty rhizomes; roots contractile. Stems subterranean, simple, vertical, short. Leaves 2-3(-4), petiolate or subsessile, sheathing at base; blade dark green distally, paler proximally, sometimes mottled with purple, elliptic to oblong, apex obtuse. Inflorescences umbellate, with several axillary fascicles of elongate, twisting pedicels. Flowers showy, odor unpleasant; perianth of 2 dissimilar whorls of tepals, outer spreading or recurving, distinct, petaloid, ovate to lanceolate to oblanceolate, with oblong gland basally, inner erect, distinct, linear, converging over pistil; stamens 3, opposite outer tepals; anthers versatile, 2-locular, oblong, extrorse; ovary superior, 1-locular, strongly 3-angled, placentation parietal; style erect, short; stigmas persistent, 3, spreading to recurved, linear, inner surface deeply channelled, ovules 20-40, in 2 rows on each placenta. Fruits capsular, brownish purple, oblong-lanceolate, strongly 3-angled, thin-walled, opening irregularly by decay, beaked by persistent style and stigmas. Seeds slightly curved, oblong, eliaosome present. x = 7, 8.[6] [more]
Scorodon
Seriphidium
Seubertia
Sigillaria
Sigillum
Siraitos
Solenarium
Somera
Squilla
Squilla is a genus of mantis shrimp. It includes the following species: [more]
Steirodiscus
Stellarioides
Stellaris
Stellaster
Stoerkia
Strangweia
Streptopus
Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous. Stems simple to highly branched. Leaves numerous, sessile; blade elliptic to ovate, base rounded to cordate-clasping, apex acute to acuminate. Inflorescences 1-2-flowered, peduncle slender, adnate to stem for 1 internode and arising opposite next leaf axil, junction with pedicel abrupt or not, entire structure recurved. Flowers small, borne beneath leaves; perianth rotate or campanulate; tepals deciduous, erect to spreading or recurved, distinct, white to greenish yellow to rose, oblanceolate to oblong; stamens hypogynous; filaments short, broad, flat; anthers basifixed, apex minutely apiculate or with tapering, setose points, extrorse; ovary superior, 3-locular; style slender to bulbous; stigma unlobed or 3-lobed; pedicel geniculate. Fruits baccate, orangish to dark red, ellipsoid to globose. Seeds pale yellow, elongate, grooved longitudinally. x = 8.[7] [more]
Styrandra
Sugerokia
Syncodium
Terauchia
Terminalis
Themis
Themis (Greek: T????) is an ancient Greek Titaness. She is described as "of good counsel", and is the embodiment of divine order, law, and custom. Themis means "divine law" rather than human ordinance, literally "that which is put in place", from the verb t?????, t?themi, "to put". To the ancient Greeks she was originally the organizer of the "communal affairs of humans, particularly assemblies". Moses Finley remarked of themis, as the word was used by Homer in the 8th century, to evoke the social order of the 10th- and 9th-century Greek Dark Ages: [more]
Theresia
Tozzettia
Trianthella
Tricharis
Tricyrtis
Tricyrtis is a genus of the botanical family Liliaceae, known in English as Toad lilies. Its native range is from the Himalayas to eastern Asia, including China, Japan, Philippines and Formosa. [more]
Trigonea
Tritelia
Tritoma
Kniphofia (Tritoma, Red hot poker, Torch lily, Poker plant) is a genus of plants in the family Asphodelaceae that includes 70 or more species native to Africa. Some species have been commercially used for horticultural use and are commonly known for their bright, rocket-shaped flowers. [more]
Tritomanthe
Troxilanthes
Tulbagia
Tulipa
Tulip (Tulipa) is a genus of about 100 species of flowering plants in the family Liliaceae. Its region includes southern Europe, north Africa, and Asia from Anatolia and Iran in the east to northeast of China. The centre of diversity of the genus is in the Pamir and Hindu Kush mountains and the steppes of Kazakhstan. [more]
Tulista
Tulophos
Tysonia
Ugni
Ugni is a genus of about 10 species of plants in the myrtle family , native to western South America and Central America from the Valdivian temperate rain forests of southern Chile north to southern Mexico, and also the Juan Fernández Islands off Chile. They are shrubs with evergreen foliage, reaching 1-5 m tall. The leaves are opposite, oval, 1-4 cm long and 0.2-2.5 cm broad, entire, glossy dark green, with a spicy scent if crushed. The flowers are drooping, 1-2 cm diameter with four or five white or pale pink petals and numerous short stamens; the fruit is a small red or purple berry 1 cm diameter. [more]
Unidentified
Unifolium
Urgineopsis
Urginia
Uropetalum
Uvulana
Vagnera
Valentinia
Validallium
Velheimia
Verabrum
Verdickia
Verinea
Whiteheadia
Whiteheadia is a genus of in family Hyacinthaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]
Willrussellia
X Chionoscilla
Xeniatrum
Xeodolon
Xerophyllium
Zigandenus
Zoellnerallium
Zuccagnia
Zygadenus
Zigadenus is a genus of flowering plants containing only one species, Zigadenus glaberrimus, the sandbog death camas, found in the southeast United States. [more]
At least 28 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Zygadenus.
More info about the Genus Zygadenus may be found here.
References
- ^ Mark W. Chase, James L. Reveal, and Michael F. Fay. "A subfamilial classification for the expanded asparagalean families Amaryllidaceae, Asparagaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161(2):132?136.
Bibliography
- Bell, A. D. 1974. Rhizome organization in relation to vegetative spread in Medeola virginiana. J. Arnold Arbor. 55: 458-468.
- Berg, R. Y. 1959. Seed dispersal, morphology and taxonomic position of Scoliopus, Liliaceae. Skr. Norske Vidensk.-Akad. Oslo, Mat.-Naturvidensk. Kl. 1959(4): 1-56.
- Berg, R. Y. 1962. Morphology and taxonomic position of Medeola, Liliaceae. Skr. Norske Vidensk.-Akad. Oslo, Mat.-Naturvidensk. Kl., n. s. 3: 1-56.
- Berg, R. Y. 1962b. Contribution to the comparative embryology of the Liliaceae: Scoliopus, Trillium, Paris and Medeola. Skr. Norske Vidensk.-Akad. Oslo, Mat.-Naturvidensk. Kl., n. s. 4: 1-64.
- Cave, M. S. 1966. The chromosomes of Scoliopus (Liliaceae). Madrono 18: 211-213.
- Fassett, N. C. 1935. Notes from the herbarium of the University of Wisconsin XII. A study of Streptopus. Rhodora 37: 88-113.
- Jones, Q. 1951. A cytotaxonomic study of the genus Disporum in North America. Contr. Gray Herb. 173: 1-39.
- Shinwari, Z. K. et al. 1994. Recognition of the New World Disporum section Prosartes as Prosartes (Liliaceae) based on the sequence of the rbcL gene. Taxon 43: 353-366.
- Utech, F. H. 1978e. Floral vascular anatomy of Medeola virginiana L. (Liliaceae-Parideae = Trilliaceae) and tribal note. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 47: 13-28.
- Utech, F. H. 1979b. Floral vascular anatomy of Scoliopus bigelovii Torrey (Liliaceae-Parideae = Trilliaceae) and tribal note. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 48: 43-71.
- Utech, F. H. 1992. Biology of Scoliopus (Liliaceae). I. Systematics and phytogeography. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 79: 126-142.
- Utech, F. H., Z. K. Shinwari, and S. Kawano. 1995. Biosystematic studies in Disporum (Liliaceae-Asparagoideae-Polygonateae). VI. Recognition of the North American section Prosartes as an autonomous genus. Mem. Fac. Sci. Kyoto Univ., Ser. Biol. 16: 1-41.
Footnotes
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Laothoe&search=Search
- Frederick H. Utech "Medeola". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 15, 51, 56, 150, 152. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Liang Song-jun, Minoru N. Tamura "Notholirion". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 133. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Frederick H. Utech "Prosartes". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 14, 15, 51, 57, 142. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Saturnia&search=Search
- Frederick H. Utech "Scoliopus". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 14, 15, 51, 56, 57, 118. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Frederick H. Utech "Streptopus". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 14, 15, 51, 57, 145. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Sources
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