Overview
The Lamiales is a taxon in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It includes approximately 11,000 species divided into about 10 families. Well-known or economically important members of this order include lavender, lilac, olive, jasmine, the ash tree, teak, snapdragon, sesame, psyllium, and a number of table herbs such as mint, basil, and rosemary.
Characteristics
Species in this order typically have the following characteristics, although there are exceptions to all of them:
- superior ovary composed of two fused carpels
- five petals fused into a tube
- bilaterally symmetrical, often bilabiate corollas
- four (or fewer) fertile stamens
Taxonomic Histo ry
Lamiales formerly had a restricted circumscription (e.g., by Arthur Cronquist) that included the major families Lamiaceae (Labiatae), Verbenaceae, and Boraginaceae plus a few smaller families. Recent phylogenetic work has shown that Lamiales is polyphyletic with respect to order Scrophulariales and the two groups are now usually combined in a single order that also includes the former orders Hippuridales and Plantaginales. Lamiales has become the preferred name for this much larger combined group. The placement of Boraginaceae is unclear but phylogenetic work shows that this family does not belong in Lamiales.
Also, the circumscription of family Scrophulariaceae, formerly a paraphyletic group defined primarily by plesiomorphic characters and from within which numerous other families of the Lamiales were derived, has been radically altered to create a number of smaller, better-defined and putatively monophyletic families.
Photos
Taxonomy
The Subclass Lamiidae is a member of the Class Magnoliopsida. Here is the complete "parentage" of Lamiidae:
- Domain: Eukaryota
Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae
Haeckel, 1866
- Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae
Cavalier-Smith, 1981 - Green Plants
- Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Cronquist, Takhtajan & W. Zimmermann, 1966 - Flowering Plants
- Subphylum: Spermatophytina
(Auct.) Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Seed Plants
- Infraphylum: Angiospermae
Auct.
- Class: Magnoliopsida
Brongniart, 1843 - Dicotyledons
- Subclass: Lamiidae Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Class: Magnoliopsida
Brongniart, 1843 - Dicotyledons
- Infraphylum: Angiospermae
Auct.
- Subphylum: Spermatophytina
(Auct.) Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Seed Plants
- Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Cronquist, Takhtajan & W. Zimmermann, 1966 - Flowering Plants
- Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae
Cavalier-Smith, 1981 - Green Plants
- Kingdom: Plantae
Haeckel, 1866
The Subclass Lamiidae is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Order (15): Apocynales · Boraginales · Callitrichales · Convolvulales · Gentianales · Hippuridales · Hydrostachyales · Lamiales · Limnanthales · Loasales · Oleales · Polemoniales · Rubiales · Scrophulariales · Solanales
Orders
Apocynales
Boraginales
Boraginales is a valid taxonomic name at the rank of order for a group of . When recognised, it is includes Boraginaceae and closely related asterid families. [more]
Callitrichales
Callitrichales Dumort (1829) is an of flowering plants. As circumscribed by American botanist Arthur Cronquist in the Cronquist system (1981), the order included three families: [more]
Convolvulales
Gentianales
Gentianales are an order of , included within the asterid group of dicotyledons. [more]
Hippuridales
Hydrostachyales
Lamiales
The Lamiales is a taxon in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It includes approximately 11,000 species divided into about 10 families. Well-known or economically important members of this order include lavender, lilac, olive, jasmine, the ash tree, teak, snapdragon, sesame, psyllium, and a number of table herbs such as mint, basil, and rosemary. [more]
Limnanthales
Loasales
Oleales
Polemoniales
The Solanales are an of flowering plants, included in the asterid group of dicotyledons. Some older sources used the name Polemoniales for this order. [more]
Rubiales
The Rubiales are an of flowering plants in the Cronquist system, including the families Rubiaceae and Theligonaceae. Newer systems place them within the Gentianales. [more]
Scrophulariales
The Lamiales is a taxon in the asterid group of dicotyledonous flowering plants. It includes approximately 11,000 species divided into about 10 families. Well-known or economically important members of this order include lavender, lilac, olive, jasmine, the ash tree, teak, snapdragon, sesame, psyllium, and a number of table herbs such as mint, basil, and rosemary. [more]
Solanales
The Solanales are an of flowering plants, included in the asterid group of dicotyledons. Some older sources used the name Polemoniales for this order. [more]
At least 21,738 species and subspecies belong to the Order Solanales.
More info about the Order Solanales may be found here.
Sources
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