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Lamiaceae

(Family)

Overview

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The mints, taxonomically known as Lamiaceae or Labiatae, are a family of flowering plants. They have traditionally been considered closely related to Verbenaceae,1] but in the 1990s, phylogenetic studies suggested that many genera classified in Verbenaceae belong instead in Lamiaceae.[2][3] The currently accepted version of Verbenaceae may not be more closely related to Lamiaceae than some of the other families in the order Lamiales.[4] It is not yet known which of the families in Lamiales is closest to Lamiaceae.

The family has a cosmopolitan distribution.[5] The enlarged Lamiaceae contains about 236 genera[1] and 6,900[5] to 7,200[1] species. The largest genera are Salvia (900), Scutellaria (360), Stachys (300), Plectranthus (300), Hyptis (280), Teucrium (250), Vitex, (250) Thymus (220), and Nepeta (200).[1] Clerodendrum was once a genus of over 400 species,[1] but by 2010, it had been narrowed to about 150.[6]

The plants are frequently aromatic in all parts and include many widely used culinary herbs, such as basil, mint, rosemary, sage, savory, marjoram, oregano, thyme, lavender, and perilla. Some are shrubs, trees, such as teak, or rarely vines. Many members of the family are widely cultivated, owing not only to their aromatic qualities but also their ease of cultivation: these plants are among the easiest plants to propagate by stem cuttings. Besides those grown for their edible leaves, some are grown for decorative foliage, such as coleus. Others are grown for food purposes, but seeds are utilized instead of leaves, such as with chia.

The original family name is Labiatae, so given because the flowers typically have petals fused into an upper lip and a lower lip. Although this is still considered an acceptable alternative name, most botanists now use the name "Lamiaceae" in referring to this family.

The leaves emerge oppositely, each pair at right angles to the previous one (called decussate) or whorled.

The stems are frequently square in cross section, but this is not found in all members of the family, and is sometimes found in other plant families.

The flowers are bilaterally symmetrical with 5 united petals, 5 united sepals. They are usually bisexual and verticillastrate (a flower cluster that looks like a whorl of flowers but actually consists of two crowded clusters).

Genera

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The last revision of the entire family was published in 2004.[1] It described and provided keys to 236 genera. These are marked with an asterisk in the list below. A few genera have been established or resurrected since 2004. These are marked with a plus sign. The remaining genera in the list are mostly o f historical interest only and are from a source that includes such genera without explanation.[7] Few of these are recognized in modern treatments of the family. Adelosa is a nomen dubium. No specimen exists and no one knows what Carl Ludwig Blume described as Adelosa in 1850.

Kew Gardens provides a list of genera that includes additional information and is easy to read.[8] The list at the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website is frequently updated.[9]

Recent changes

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The circumscription of several genera has changed since 2004. Tsoongia, Paravitex, and Viticipremna have been sunk into synonymy with Vitex.[10] Huxleya has been sunk into Volkameria.[6] Kalaharia, Volkameria, Ovieda, and Tetraclea have been segregated from a formerly polyphyletic Clerodendrum.[6] Rydingia has been separated from Leucas.[11] The remaining Leucas is paraphyletic over four other genera.[12]

Subfamilies and tribes

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In 2004, Lamiaceae were divided into seven subfamilies with ten genera not placed in any of the subfamilies. [1] The unplaced genera are: Tectona, Callicarpa, Hymenopyramis, Petraeovitex, Peronema, Garrettia, Cymaria, Acrymia, Holocheila, and Ombrocharis. The subfamilies are Symphorematoideae, Viticoideae, Ajugoideae, Prostantheroideae, Nepetoideae, Scutellarioideae, and Lamioideae. The subfamily Viticoideae is probably not monophyletic.[10] Prostantheroideae and Nepetoideae are divided into tribes. These are shown in the phylogenetic tree below.

Phylogeny

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Most of the genera of Lamiaceae have never been sampled for DNA for molecular phylogenetic studies. Most of those that have been are included in the following phylogenetic tree. The phylogeny depicted below is based on seven different sources.[1]< /sup>[3][6][10][13][14][15]

2004_0-6" class="reference">[1] The unplaced genera are: Tectona, Callicarpa, Hymenopyramis, Petraeovitex, Peronema, Garrettia, Cymaria, Acrymia, Holocheila, and Ombrocharis. The subfamilies are Symphorematoideae, Viticoideae, Ajugoideae, Prostantheroideae, Nepetoideae, Scutellarioideae, and Lamioideae. The subfamily Viticoideae is probably not monophyletic.[10] Prostantheroideae and Nepetoideae are divided into tribes. These are shown in the phylogenetic tree below.

Phylogeny

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Most of the genera of Lamiaceae have never been sampled for DNA for molecular phylogenetic studies. Most of those that have been are included in the following phylogenetic tree. The phylogeny depicted below is based on seven different sources.[1][3][6][10][13][14][15]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Raymond M. Harley, Sandy Atkins, Andrey L. Budantsev, Philip D. Cantino, Barry J. Conn, Ren?e J. Grayer, Madeline M. Harley, Rogier P.J. de Kok, Tatyana V. Krestovskaja, Ram?n Morales, Alan J. Paton, and P. Olof Ryding. 2004. "Labiatae" pages 167-275. In: Klaus Kubitzki (editor) and Joachim W. Kadereit (volume editor). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants volume VII. Springer-Verlag: Berlin; Heidelberg, Germany. ISBN 978-3-540-40593-1
  2. ^ Cantino, P.D., Harley, R.M. & Wagstaff, S.J. 1992. Genera of Labiatae: status and classification. Pp. 511-522. In: Raymond M. Harley and Tom Reynolds (editors). Advances in Labiate Science. Richmond, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  3. ^ a b Steven J. Wagstaff, Laura Hickerson, Russ Spangler, Patrick A. Reeves, and Richard G. Olmstead. 1998. "Phylogeny in Labiatae s.l., inferred from cpDNA sequences". Plant Systematics and Evolution 209(3-4):265-274.
  4. ^ Peter F. Stevens. 2001 onwards. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see External links below).
  5. ^ a b Vernon H. Heywood, Richard K. Brummitt, Ole Seberg, and Alastair Culham. Flowering Plant Families of the World. Firefly Books: Ontario, Canada. ISBN 978-1-55407-206-4.
  6. ^ a b c d Yao-Wu Yuan, David J. Mabberly, Dorothy A. Steane, and Richard G. Olmstead. 2010. "Further disintegration and redefinition of Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae): Implications for the understanding of the evolution of an intriguing breeding strategy". Taxon 59(1):125-133.
  7. ^ "List of genera in Lamiaceae". In: "Lamiaceae". In: "List of families". In: "Families and genera in GRIN. (see External links below)
  8. ^ List of Genera in Lamiaceae. At: Vascular Plant Families and Genera. At: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. At: Electronic Plant Information Center. At: Website of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. (see External Links below).
  9. ^ List of Genera in Lamiaceae. At: Peter F. Stevens. 2001 onwards. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see External links below).
  10. ^ a b c Gemma L.C. Bramley, F?lix Forest, and Rogier P.J. de Kok. 2009. "Troublesome tropical mints: re-examining generic limits of Vitex and relations (Lamiaceae) in South East Asia". Taxon 58(2):500-510.
  11. ^ Anne-Cathrine Scheen and Victor A. Albert. 2007. "Nomenclatural and taxonomic changes within the Leucas clade (Lamioideae; Lamiaceae)". Systematics and Geography of Plants 77(2):229-238.
  12. ^ Anne-Cathrine Scheen and Victor A. Albert. 2009. "Molecular Phylogenetics of the Leucas Group (Lamioideae; Lamiaceae)". Systematic Botany 34(1):173-181.
  13. ^ Jin-Shun Zhong, Jie Li, Lang Li, John G. Conran, and Hsi-wen Li. 2010. "Phylogeny of Isodon (Schrad. ex Benth.) Spach (Lamiaceae) and Related Genera Inferred from Nuclear Ribosomal ITS, trnL-trnF Region, and rps16 Intron Sequences and Morphology". Systematic Botany 35(1):207-219.
  14. ^ Jay B. Walker and Kenneth J. Sytsma. 2007. "Staminal Evolution in the Genus Salvia (Lamiaceae): Molecular Phylogenetic Evidence for Multiple Origins of the Staminal Lever". Annals of Botany 100(2):375-391. doi:10.1093/aob/mcl176
  15. ^ P. Olof Ryding. 2010. "Pericarp structure and phylogeny of tribe Mentheae (Lamiaceae)". Plant Systematics and Evolution 285(3-4):165?175 doi:10.1007/s00606-010-0270-9

External links

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Taxonomy

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The Family Lamiaceae is further organized into finer groupings including:

Genera

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Abiga

[more]

Acanthoprasium

[more]

Achyrospermum

Herbs, prostrate at base. Leaves numerous, petiolate, margin dentate. Verticillasters ca. 6-flowered, in axillary or terminal spikes; floral leaves generally reduced to ovate bracts slightly longer than calyx. Calyx tubular-campanulate, pouched in fruit, straight or curved downward, herbaceous, 10-15-veined; teeth 5, subequal or limb ± 2-lipped and upper lip 3-toothed and lower lip 2-toothed. Corolla tube nearly included or much exserted, straight or curved downward, slightly dilated at apex, 2-lipped; upper lip short, straight, emarginate or 2-lobed; lower lip longer, spreading, 3-lobed, lobes ovate; middle lobe largest, entire or 2-lobulate. Stamens 4, anterior 2 longer, reaching upper corolla lip; anther cells 1 or 2, divaricate, apex confluent if 2. Style apex 2-cleft, posterior lobe short. Disc shallowly cupulate, crenate. Nutlets obovoid to oblong-ovoid, densely scaly.[1] [more]

Acrotome

[more]

Adelosa

[more]

Aethiopis

The Aethiopis or Aithiopis (Greek: , Aithiopis; Latin: Aethiopis) is a lost epic of ancient Greek literature. It was one of the Epic Cycle, that is, the "Trojan" cycle, which told the entire history of the Trojan War in epic verse. The story of the Aethiopis comes chronologically immediately after that of the Homeric Iliad, and is followed by that of the Little Iliad. The Aethiopis was sometimes attributed by ancient writers to Arctinus of Miletus (see Cyclic poets). The poem comprised five books of verse in dactylic hexameter. [more]

Afridia

[more]

Aganon

[more]

Agnus-Castus

[more]

Agricolaea

[more]

Aitopsis

[more]

Ajugoides

[more]

Alajja

Plants annual or perennial, alpine, herbaceous. Leaves short petiolate to subsessile; leaf blade mostly rhombic, margin entire or crenate, tomentose. Verticillasters few flowered; bracts to as long as calyx, subulate. Flowers sessile. Calyx tubular-campanulate, lanate; teeth 5, linear-lanceolate. Corolla purple, 2-lipped; tube erect, straight, exserted, glabrous inside, throat dilated; upper lip subgaleate, apex emarginate; lower lip spreading, 3-lobed; middle lobe 2-lobulate; lateral lobes ovate or oblong, margin entire, apex emarginate. Stamens 4, didynamous, ascending, anterior 2 longer; anthers hirsute or glabrous, cells 2, divaricate. Style equally 2-cleft at apex, lobes subulate.[2] [more]

Alguelaguen

[more]

Alguelagum

[more]

Alvesia

[more]

Amaracus

[more]

Amerina

[more]

Amethystanthus

[more]

Amethystia

[more]

Amictonis

[more]

Analectis

Analectis pala is an extinct lamprid of the Family Turkmenidae. Its fossils are found from Late Oligocene strata from what is now Turkmenistan. Analectis, as with the other members of Turkmenidae, was a close relative of the opahs. [more]

Anaspis

Anaspis is a large genus of beetles belonging to the family Scraptiidae. These small beetles are sometimes falsely called tumbling flower beetles (Family:Mordellidae) as they occur in large numbers on flowers and have a habit of tumbling to the ground when disturbed. They do not have a vernacular common name, but some recent authors have coined the name, false flower beetles. [more]

Anemitis

[more]

Anisandra

[more]

Anisochilus

Herbs or subshrubs. Leaves succulent, petiolate or subsessile, margin dentate. Verticillasters dense, overlapping, in ovoid-oblong or cylindric terminal spikes. Calyx ovoid, nearly straight, lower half dilated in fruit, mouth oblique; teeth small or obscure, posterior tooth large, margin entire, reflexed or incurved and closing mouth in fruit. Corolla 2-lipped; tube slender, exserted, recurved at middle, dilated at throat; upper lip obtuse, 3- or 4-lobed; lower lip entire, elongated, incurved. Stamens 4, anterior 2 longer, declinate; filaments free, edentate; anthers ovoid, cells 2. Style longer than stamens, apex subequally 2-cleft, lobes subulate. Nutlets flattened, ovoid, smooth, glandular.[3] [more]

Anthocoma

[more]

Antonina

Antonina is a name for a number of things [more]

Anuragia

[more]

Aphanochilus

[more]

Apozia

[more]

Archboldia

Archboldia ( Rand, 1940) is a genus of bowerbirds, in family Ptilonorhynchidae, bowerbirds and catbirds. [more]

Argantoniella

[more]

Arischrada

[more]

Ascocarydion

[more]

Astemon

[more]

Asterohyptis

[more]

Atelandra

[more]

Atirbesia

[more]

Audibertia

[more]

Audibertiella

[more]

Bancroftia

[more]

Becium

[more]

Beloakon

[more]

Belospis

[more]

Beltokon

[more]

Benguellia

[more]

Beringeria

[more]

Betonica

Betonica is a genus of the plant family Lamiaceae. [more]

Blandina

A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]

Blephiloma

[more]

Bostrychanthera

Herbs prostrate to erect. Leaves subsessile to short petiolate; leaf blade long lanceolate to ovate, margin serrate. Cymes axillary, dichotomous with helicoid branches, pedunculate. Flowers pedicellate, declinate after anthesis. Calyx campanulate, inconspicuously 10-veined, slightly dilated in fruit; teeth 5, subequal or posterior tooth smaller. Corolla purplish red or white, long exserted, dilated above middle, not hairy annulate inside, 2-lipped; upper lip straight, apex rounded; lower lip larger, 3-lobed, middle lobe largest. Stamens 4, anterior 2 longest, all ascending, underlying upper lip of corolla; anthers subglobose, 2-celled, cells apically tufted hairy or on both ends. Ovary glabrous. Style filiform, apically equally 2-cleft. Nutlets black, 1(-3), drupelike, subglobose; exocarp fleshy, thickened, cuticular when dry.[4] [more]

Botrys

A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]

Bouetia

[more]

Bovonia

[more]

Brachysola

[more]

Brachystemum

[more]

Briquetastrum

[more]

Brittonastrum

[more]

Brotera

[more]

Brueckea

[more]

Brunella

[more]

Bugula

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Bulga

[more]

Burcardia

[more]

Burgsdorfia

[more]

Burnatastrum

[more]

Calamicromeria

[more]

Calapodium

[more]

Calchas

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[5] [more]

Calochlamys

[more]

Capitanopsis

[more]

Capitanya

[more]

Cardiaca

[more]

Cardioteucris

[more]

Casarettoa

[more]

Cassida

[more]

Cataria

[more]

Catopheria

[more]

Ceranthera

[more]

Ceratanthus

Herbs perennial. Leaves petiolate, dentate. Verticillasters 4-10-flowered, in terminal racemes; bracts ovate. Pedicel slender. Calyx broadly funnelform, 2-lipped, very open in flower; upper lip 3-lobed, middle lobe circular, decurrent into tube at margin, lateral lobes much smaller; lower lip trapeziform, emarginate. Corolla tube narrow, glabrous inside, base with long slender spur, limb 2-lipped; upper lip reflexed, subequally 4-lobed; lower lip slightly longer, navicular, slightly concave. Stamens 4, didynamous; posterior 2 hairy at base, inserted at base of corolla tube, somewhat shorter than corolla limb; anterior 2 glabrous, inserted at throat, nearly as long as limb; filaments free; anthers 1-locellate. Style as long as posterior stamens, apex subequally 2-cleft. Nutlets subglobose, glabrous, minutely pitted.[6] [more]

Ceratominthe

[more]

Chaetostachys

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Chamaecissos

[more]

Chamaeclema

[more]

Chamaedrys

[more]

Chamaepithys

[more]

Chamaepitys

[more]

Changruicaoia

[more]

Chartocalyx

[more]

Chasmonia

[more]

Chaunostoma

[more]

Chelonopsis

Herbs or shrubs. Leaves crenate to serrate. Verticillasters in axils or upper leaves, 2-10-flowered. Calyx campanulate, membranous, dilated after anthesis, 10-veined, 4- or 5-toothed; teeth triangular, equal or subequal, or conspicuously 2-lipped, with upper lip 3-toothed and lower lip 2-toothed. Corolla white, yellow, or purple-red, 2-lipped; tube dilated in front near base, long exserted, not hairy annulate inside; upper lip short, straight, margin entire or emarginate; lower lip longer, subpatent, 3-lobed; middle lobe largest, emarginate, margin undulate to dentate. Stamens 4, ascending beneath upper corolla lip; filaments complanate, puberulent; anthers with 2-locular, bearded pollen sacs. Ovary glabrous. Style 2-cleft, lobes subulate. Nutlets flattened dorsiventrally, obliquely long winged at apex.[7] [more]

Chienodoxa

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Chilodia

[more]

Chlainanthus

[more]

Chotekia

[more]

Chrysomallum

[more]

Cleianthus

[more]

Cleonia

[more]

Clerodendranthus

Herbs perennial, sometimes subshrubby, branched. Leaves petiolate, dentate. Verticillasters 6-10-flowered, in terminal thyrses; bracts circular-ovate, margin entire, apex cuspidate. Pedicel distinct. Calyx ovoid, hairy outside, glandular, glabrous inside, 2-lipped, enlarged after anthesis, 10-veined; upper lip circular, margin decurrent into tube; lower lip 4-toothed, anterior teeth longer. Corolla purplish or white, 2-lipped, hairy outside, not hairy annulate inside; tube narrowly cylindric, much exserted, straight, not oblique at throat; upper lip reflexed, 3-lobed, middle lobe larger, apex emarginate; lower lip erect, narrow, slightly concave. Stamens 4, declined, much exserted, anterior 2 longer. Style slightly longer than stamens, apex clavate, 2-cleft. Nutlets ovoid to oblong, corrugate.[8] [more]

Clinomicromeria

[more]

Clueria

[more]

Codanthera

[more]

Coleostephus

[more]

Colobandra

[more]

Colquhounia

Colquhounia is a genus of six species of evergreen or semi-evergreen shrubs or subshrubs in the family Lamiaceae, native to the eastern Himalaya and southwestern China south to Thailand and Vietnam. [more]

Coridothymus

[more]

Craniotome

Craniotome is the name of a number of things: [more]

Cruzia

[more]

Cryphia

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[9] [more]

Cuminia

Cuminia is a genus of in the Lamiaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Cyclonema

[more]

Cyclostegia

[more]

Cycnodes

[more]

Dalanum

[more]

Dauphinea

[more]

Dentidia

[more]

Diodeilis

[more]

Dorystaechas

[more]

Dorystoechas

[more]

Drepanocaryum

[more]

Drymosphace

[more]

Echinostachys

Aechmea is a of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae. Aechmea has more than 140 species distributed from Mexico through South America. Most of the species in this genus are epiphytes. [more]

Eichlerago

[more]

Endostemon

[more]

Englerastrum

[more]

Epimeredi

[more]

Eriophyton

Herbs perennial, lanate. Roots thick, terete. Leaf blade rhombic to subcircular, lower stem leaves sometimes reduced, scalelike. Verticillasters 6-flowered, compact or basally widely spaced; bracteoles spinelike. Flowers sessile. Calyx broadly campanulate, ± transparent, 10-veined; teeth 5, subequal, triangular, apex acuminate. Corolla purplish to reddish, 2-lipped; tube included, without hairy annulus inside; upper lip broad, galeate, incurved, covering lower lip; lower lip subpatent, 3-lobed; middle lobe slightly larger than lateral lobes, emarginate to rounded; lateral lobes circular. Stamens 4, anterior 2 longer, apex dentate, ascending beneath upper lip. Posterior filaments basally thickened; anthers close together in pairs, cells 2, apex divaricate, confluent, villous. Style apex subequally 2-cleft, lobes subulate. Ovary glabrous. Nutlets broadly triquetrous, oblong, large, apex rounded, smooth.[10] [more]

Eriopidion

[more]

Eriostomum

[more]

Eriothymus

[more]

Erythrochlamys

[more]

Euhesperida

[more]

Eurysolen

[more]

Faldermannia

[more]

Faucibarba

[more]

Fedtschenkiella

Flipanta

[more]

Fuerstia

Gallitrichum

[more]

Gardoquia

[more]

Geniosporum

Plants erect or prostrate herbs, sometimes shrubby. Verticillasters many flowered, widely spaced, in terminal or axillary racemes or panicles; bracts softly bony at base, bright colored. Flowers sometimes pedicellate. Calyx ovoid in flower, suberect or declinate; teeth 5, posterior 1 widest, lateral teeth separate or adnate to posterior tooth forming upper lip; anterior teeth 2, separate or connate, forming lower lip; fruiting calyx tubular, veins elevated, teeth bright colored. Corolla tube campanulate; limb 2-lipped, upper lip short 4-lobed; lower lip longer, declinete, margin entire, ± flat. Stamens 4, declineate, exserted; filaments free, edentate; anthers 1-locellate, flat. Style apex 2-cleft, lobes flat. Nutlets ovoid to oblong, smooth or minutely dotted-reticulate.[11] [more]

Germanea

[more]

Glechon

[more]

Glecoma

[more]

Glutinaria

[more]

Gontscharovia

[more]

Hanceola

[more]

Haumaniastrum

[more]

Hemizygia

[more]

Hesiodia

[more]

Hesperozygis

[more]

Heterolamium

[more]

Hoehnea

[more]

Hofmannia

[more]

Holostylon

Hyphis

Hypogomphia

Hyptis

Hyptis is a genus of flowering plant in the Lamiaceae family. These plants, known commonly as bushmints, are widespread in the tropics and warmer temperate regions of the Americas. There are 300 to 400 species, which may be annual or perennial, and small herb to large shrub. [more]

Iboza

[more]

Icomum

Isanthus

[more]

Isodictyophorus

Isodon

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[12] [more]

Isoleucas

[more]

Kalaharia

[more]

Kinepetalum

[more]

Kinostemon

[more]

Kinotemon

[more]

Kiosmina

[more]

Klanderia

[more]

Koellia

[more]

Kudrjaschevia

[more]

Kurzamra

[more]

Ladanella

[more]

Lamiella

[more]

Lamiopsis

The broadfin shark (Lamiopsis temminckii) is a species of requiem shark, family Carcharhinidae, found in the tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific oceans between latitudes 24? N and 4? S, from the surface to 50 m. Its length is up to about 1.7 m. It is viviparous, and not known to be dangerous to people. [more]

Lasiocorys

[more]

Lavandula

The lavenders (botanic name Lavandula) are a genus of 39 species of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae. It is an Old World genus, found from Cape Verde and Canary Islands, southern Europe across to northern and eastern Africa, the Mediterranean, south-west Asia to south-east India. Many members of the genus are cultivated extensively in temperate climates as ornamental plants for garden and landscape use, and also commercially for the extraction of essential oils. [more]

Lavendula

[more]

Leocus

Leucophae

[more]

Limniboza

Lophanthus

Herbs perennial. Stem leaves short petiolate to sessile, dentate or incised-toothed. Cymes axillary; bracts small, linear-lanceolate to linear, rarely lanceolate. Calyx tubular to tubular-campanulate, straight or ± incurved, apex regular or oblique; teeth 5, subequal, ± 2-lipped [or not], (12-) 15-veined, pilose annulate inside. Corolla straight or incurved; tube exserted, gradually dilated upward, twisted; limb 2-lipped, twisted at 90-180° so that position of lips is ± reversed; upper lip (true lower) 3-lobed, middle lobe largest; lower lip (true upper) 2-lobed. Stamens 4, exserted or included; anther cells parallel or almost not divergent. Style exserted, rarely included, apex equally or subequally 2-cleft. Nutlets brown, oblong-ovoid, slightly flattened, smooth.[13] [more]

Loxocalyx

[more]

Madlabium

Madronella

[more]

Mahya

[more]

Majana

[more]

Majorana

A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]

Marmoritis

[more]

Meehania

Herbs annual or perennial, stoloniferous. Stems erect, nodes hairy, base sometimes woody. Leaves cordate-ovate to lanceolate, papery, margin dentate. Verticillasters few flowered, lax, in terminal or sometimes axillary racemes, sometimes 2-flowered; floral leaves leaflike, lanceolate, gradually reduced upward; bracteoles 2, small, subulate or nearly bristly. Calyx campanulate or tubular-campanulate, hairy, glabrous inside, 15-veined, dilated in fruit, 2-lipped; teeth ovate-triangular to lanceolate, 3 in upper lip, 2 in abaxial. Corolla purplish to purple, tubular, base narrower, gradually dilated to throat, not hairy annulate inside, 2-lipped; upper lip shorter, straight, apex emarginate or 2-lobed; lower lip long, 3-lobed, with middle lobe larger. Stamens 4, didynamous, included or posterior 2 slightly exserted, sometimes slightly complanate; anther cells 2, puberulent. Style slender, exserted, apex equally 2-cleft. Nutlets oblong to oblong-ovoid, glabrous.[14] [more]

Mehania

[more]

Melinum

[more]

Mellitis

Melosmon

[more]

Menthella

[more]

Mesona

Mesona is a genus in the mint family (Lamiaceae). [more]

Mesosphaerum

[more]

Micranthes

[more]

Microtaena

[more]

Microtoena

[more]

Minthostachys

[more]

Moldavica

Molucca

[more]

Molucella

Monardo

[more]

Monochilon

[more]

Moschosma

Mutelia

[more]

Nautochilus

[more]

Navicularia

[more]

Neoeplingia

[more]

Neohyptis

[more]

Neomuellera

[more]

Niphimenes

[more]

Notochaete

Herbs erect. Rhizomes robust. Stems stellate or hirsute, becoming subglabrous. Leaves long petiolate; petiole flattened laterally; leaf blade ovate to circular. Cymes in upper leaf axils, subglobose in outline, many flowered; bracts linear, rigid, apex hooked, longer than corolla. Calyx tubular, ± conspicuously 5-veined; teeth 5, with apical or subapical hooked spine. Corolla reddish, yellow, or white, small; tube straight, included, glabrous, or glabrous outside but ± villous at throat inside, 2-lipped; upper lip erect, galeate, entire, densely villous outside, glabrous inside; lower lip subequally 3-lobed, villous outside, glabrous inside. Stamens 4, didynamous, anterior 2 longer, ascending beneath upper lip of corolla; filaments puberulent basally; anthers close together in pairs, with 2 divergent cells. Ovary glabrous or stellate at apex. Style filiform, subequally 2-cleft. Nutlets triquetrous, oblong, apex truncate.[15] [more]

Ntha

[more]

Obtegomeria

Octomeron

[more]

Olisia

[more]

Ombrocharis

[more]

Onites

[more]

Oreosphacus

[more]

Orthaea

[more]

Ortostachys

[more]

Orvala

[more]

Oxynepeta

[more]

Panzeria

[more]

Paralamium

Herbs perennial, erect. Leaves large, petiolate. Inflorescences slender terminal thyrses; bracts and bracteoles minute. Pedicel short. Calyx campanulate, membranous, prominently 10-veined and dilated in fruit; teeth 5, posterior tooth largest, apex truncate, conspicuously revolute in fruit; lateral teeth triangular-lanceolate, anterior teeth narrowly oblong-lanceolate. Corolla tube elongated, exserted, slender, dilated at throat, 2-lipped; upper lip straight, oblong, slightly concave; lower lip spreading, 3-lobed; middle lobe larger than lateral lobes, entire. Stamens 4, anterior 2 longer, ascending to underside of upper corolla lip, parallel, close together; filaments ciliolate basally; anthers ovoid, cells 2, divaricate, apex confluent. Style apex unequally 2-cleft. Disc apex truncate. Nutlets flattened, triquetrous, globose, shiny, pitted.[16] [more]

Paraphlomis

Herbs or subshrubs, rhizomatous. Stems ascending or erect. Leaves sessile or long petiolate; leaf blade membranous to ± leathery, margin dentate. Verticillasters axillary; bracteoles lanceolate to bristlelike, sometimes minute, early deciduous. Calyx tubular to obconical, mouth sometimes slightly constricted, gradually or abruptly dilated, truncate or pleated; veins 5-10, ± distinct; teeth 5, broadly triangular to subulate, straight, spreading or reflexed, bristlelike-acuminate to acute or widened into wings from veins. Corolla 2-lipped; tube hairy annulate inside, gradually dilated at apex; upper lip flat, erect or galeate, densely hairy outside; lower lip spreading at about 90°, 3-lobed, middle lobe larger. Stamens 4, anterior 2 longer; filaments filiform, complanate, ± hairy; anther cells 2, parallel or divergent. Ovary apex truncate, glabrous or hairy. Style apex subequally 2-cleft, lobes subulate. Disc ringlike or cupulate, apex truncate. Nutlets obovoid or triquetrous oblong, glabrous or hairy.[17] [more]

Peltodon

[more]

Pentapleura

Perowskia

Perrierastrum

[more]

Petitia

[more]

Philotheca

Philotheca is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Rutaceae. Many plants formerly in Eriostemon are now in this genus. [1] [more]

Phlomidopsis

[more]

Phlomoides

[more]

Phyllophyton

[more]

Physoleucas

[more]

Physopsis

[more]

Phytosalpinx

[more]

Phytoxis

[more]

Pitardia

[more]

Platyelasma

[more]

Plectocephalus

Annuals, 30-200 cm, not spiny. Stems erect, branched . Leaves basal and cauline; petiolate or sessile; blade margins entire or dentate, faces puberulent. minutely glandular-punctate. Heads radiant, borne singly or in open cymiform arrays. Peduncles fistulose. Involucres ovoid to hemispheric or campanulate, 30-60 mm diam. Phyllaries many in 8-10+ series, unequal, narrow, bodies linear, appressed, entire. apices expanded into erect to spreading, narrowly triangular, fringed appendages. Receptacles flat, epaleate, bristly. Florets many, peripheral neuter; corollas pink to purple, ± zygomorphic, elongate and expanded; inner fertile, corollas pink, purple, cream, or pale yellow, zygomorphic or actinomorphic, ± bent at junction of tubes and throats, tubes elongate, very slender, throats cylindric, lobes linear; anther bases tailed, apical appendages oblong; style branches: fused portions with minutely hairy nodes, distinct portions minute. Cypselae: basal attachment scars oblique (with small elaiosome on one side), obovoid or ± barrel-shaped. ± compressed. weakly ribbed, glabrous or puberulent with 2-celled hairs; pappi readily falling, of 1-3 series of stiff, minutely barbed bristles . x = 13.[18] [more]

Plectranthastrum

Plectrathus

[more]

Plethiosphace

[more]

Polionintha

[more]

Preslia

[more]

Pseudolophanthus

[more]

Pseudomarrubium

[more]

Pseudoraphis

Aquatic or semi-aquatic perennials. Culms decumbent to stoloniferous, many-noded, rooting at lower nodes or floating. Leaf sheaths compressed; leaf blades linear to lanceolate; ligule membranous or ciliate. Inflorescence open or contracted, composed of racemes on all sides of a common axis; racemes solitary or grouped, rachis slender, bearing 1 to several alternate shortly pedicelled spikelets, terminating in a bristle. Spikelets lanceolate, terete or slightly dorsally compressed, florets 2; lower glume very small, veinless; upper glume equaling the spikelet, firmly herbaceous, scabrous to setose, long-acuminate or briefly awned; lower lemma resembling upper glume but usually slightly shorter, enclosing a shorter hyaline palea; upper floret 1/2 as long, shortly stipitate, membranous, smooth, shiny. Caryopsis eventually much larger than upper floret and filling spikelet when mature. x = 7, 9.[19] [more]

Pulegium

Pycnostachys

[more]

Rabdosia

[more]

Rabdosiella

[more]

Ramona

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[20] [more]

Rhabdocaulon

[more]

Roylea

[more]

Ruyschia

[more]

Ruyschiana

[more]

Sabaudia

[more]

Saccocalyx

Satureia

Schizonepeta

A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]

Schraderia

[more]

Sclarea

Scordium

[more]

Scorodonia

Scuttelaria

Scuttellaria

[more]

Serpyllum

[more]

Skapanthus

[more]

Soliera

Spartothamnus

[more]

Sphacele

[more]

Sphacopsis

[more]

Stachydeoma

[more]

Sulaimania

Sulaimania may mean: [more]

Surfacea

[more]

Suzukia

Herbs stoloniferous. Stems slender, densely spreading white hirsute. Leaves long petiolate, circular, cordate, or reniform, margin with ovate-deltoid to broadly ovate and apically callose-acute teeth. Verticillasters few flowered, in interrupted terminal racemes; floral leaves similar to cauline leaves. Calyx obconical-campanulate, slightly 2-lipped; teeth ovate-deltoid, 3 of upper lip larger than 2 of lower lip, apex slightly curved. Corolla tubular, dilated at apex, pilose annulate near base inside, 2-lipped; upper lip ovate, galeate; middle lobe of lower lip trapeziform, deeply 2-lobulate, lateral lobes elliptic-obovate. Stamens 4, didynamous, much exserted, anterior 2 longer; filaments complanate; anther cells 2, parallel. Style apex equally 2-cleft. Nutlets triquetrous, ovoid, rounded at apex and on backside, shiny, glabrous.[21] [more]

Symphostemon

[more]

Synadra

[more]

Synandra

[more]

Syncolostemon

[more]

Taitonia

[more]

Tectona

Tectona is a genus of tropical hardwood trees in the mint family, Lamiaceae. The three species, often collectively called teak, are native to south and southeast Asia, mainly India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Burma, Indonesia and Thailand, and are commonly found as a component of monsoon forest vegetation. They are large trees, growing to 30?40 m (90-120 ft.) tall, deciduous in the dry season. Tectona grandis is an economically important species which is the source of most commercial teak wood products. [more]

Tendana

[more]

Tetradenia

[more]

Tetrahit

[more]

Tetrahitum

[more]

Teucrion

[more]

Thorncroftia

Thuspeinanta

[more]

Thymbra

A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]

Thyridolepis

[more]

Trixago

Tullia

[more]

Ulricia

[more]

Vleckia

[more]

Wiedemannia

[more]

X Perilla

Xanthophthalmum

[more]

Xenopoma

[more]

Zappania

[more]

Zataria

[more]

Zhumeria

[more]

Zietenia

[more]

More info about the Genus Zietenia may be found here.

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Raymond M. Harley, Sandy Atkins, Andrey L. Budantsev, Philip D. Cantino, Barry J. Conn, Ren?e J. Grayer, Madeline M. Harley, Rogier P.J. de Kok, Tatyana V. Krestovskaja, Ram?n Morales, Alan J. Paton, and P. Olof Ryding. 2004. "Labiatae" pages 167-275. In: Klaus Kubitzki (editor) and Joachim W. Kadereit (volume editor). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants volume VII. Springer-Verlag: Berlin; Heidelberg, Germany. ISBN 978-3-540-40593-1
  2. ^ Cantino, P.D., Harley, R.M. & Wagstaff, S.J. 1992. Genera of Labiatae: status and classification. Pp. 511-522. In: Raymond M. Harley and Tom Reynolds (editors). Advances in Labiate Science. Richmond, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  3. ^ a b Steven J. Wagstaff, Laura Hickerson, Russ Spangler, Patrick A. Reeves, and Richard G. Olmstead. 1998. "Phylogeny in Labiatae s.l., inferred from cpDNA sequences". Plant Systematics and Evolution 209(3-4):265-274.
  4. ^ Peter F. Stevens. 2001 onwards. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see External links below).
  5. ^ a b Vernon H. Heywood, Richard K. Brummitt, Ole Seberg, and Alastair Culham. Flowering Plant Families of the World. Firefly Books: Ontario, Canada. ISBN 978-1-55407-206-4.
  6. ^ a b c d Yao-Wu Yuan, David J. Mabberly, Dorothy A. Steane, and Richard G. Olmstead. 2010. "Further disintegration and redefinition of Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae): Implications for the understanding of the evolution of an intriguing breeding strategy". Taxon 59(1):125-133.
  7. ^ "List of genera in Lamiaceae". In: "Lamiaceae". In: "Lis t of families". In: "Families and genera in GRIN. (see External links below)
  8. ^ List of Genera in Lamiaceae. At: Vascular Plant Families and Genera. At: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. At: Electronic Plant Information Center. At: Website of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. (see External Links below).
  9. ^ List of Genera in Lamiaceae. At: Peter F. Stevens. 2001 onwards. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see External links below).
  10. ^ a b c Gemma L.C. Bramley, F?lix Forest, and Rogier P.J. de Kok. 2009. "Troublesome tropical mint s: re-examining generic limits of Vitex and relations (Lamiaceae) in South East Asia". Taxon 58(2):500-510.
  11. ^ Anne-Cathrine Scheen and Victor A. Albert. 2007. "Nomenclatural and taxonomic changes within the Leucas clade (Lamioideae; Lamiaceae)". Systematics and Geography of Plants 77(2):229-238.
  12. ^ Anne-Cathrine Scheen and Victor A. Albert. 2009. "Molecular Phylogenetics of the Leucas Group (Lamioideae; Lamiaceae)". Systematic Botany 34(1):173-181.
  13. ^ Jin-Shun Zhong, Jie Li, Lang Li, John G. Conran, and Hsi-wen Li. 2010. "Phylogeny of Isodon (Schrad. ex Benth.) Spach (Lamiaceae) and Related Genera Inferred from Nuclear Ribosomal ITS, trnL-trnF Region, and rps16 Intron Sequences and Morphology". Systematic Botany 35(1):207-219.
  14. ^ Jay B. Walker and Kenneth J. Sytsma. 2007. "Staminal Evolution in the Genus Salvia (Lamiaceae): Molecular Phylogenetic Evidence for Multiple Origins of the Staminal Lever". Annals of Botany 100(2):375-391. doi:10.1093/aob/mcl176
  15. ^ P. Olof Ryding. 2010. "Pericarp structure and phylogeny of tribe Mentheae (Lamiaceae)". Plant Systematics and Evolution 285(3-4):165?175 doi:10.1007/s00606-010-0270-9

Bibliography

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Footnotes

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  1. "Achyrospermum". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 187. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  2. "Alajja". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 160. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  3. "Anisochilus". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 268. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  4. "Bostrychanthera". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 75. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  5. http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Calchas&search=Search
  6. "Ceratanthus". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 291. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  7. "Chelonopsis". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 135. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  8. "Clerodendranthus". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 299. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  9. http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Cryphia&search=Search
  10. "Eriophyton". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 169. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  11. "Geniosporum". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 295. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  12. http://www.ubio.org/browser/details.php?namebankID=113831
  13. "Lophanthus". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 106. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  14. "Meehania". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 122. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  15. "Notochaete". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 139. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  16. "Paralamium". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 170. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  17. "Paraphlomis". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 170. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  18. David J. Keil "Plectocephalus". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 57, 84, 175, 176, 182. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  19. Shou-liang Chen & Sylvia M. Phillips "Pseudoraphis". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 499, 547. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  20. http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Ramona&search=Search
  21. "Suzukia". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 120. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Sources

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Last Revised: August 24, 2012
2012/08/24 13:34:33