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Lactuceae

(Tribe)

Overview

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Taxonomy

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The Tribe Lactuceae is a member of the Subfamily Cichorioideae. Here is the complete "parentage" of Lactuceae:

The Tribe Lactuceae is further organized into finer groupings including:

Genera

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Agoseris

Agoseris is a small genus of liguliferous herbs in the Asteraceae or sunflower family. In general appearance they are reminiscent of dandelions and are sometimes called mountain dandelion or false dandelion. Like dandelions the plants are (mostly) stemless, the leaves being all basal and forming a rosette, contain milky sap, produce several unbranched, stem-like flower stalks (peduncles), each flower stalk bearing a single, erect flower head that contains several yellow florets, the flower head maturing into a ball-like seed head of beaked achenes, each achene with a pappus of numerous, white bristles. [more]

Andryala

Andryala is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]

Arnoseris

Arnoseris is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]

Askellia

[more]

Catananche

Catananche is a genus of the botanical family Asteraceae. [more]

Chaetoseris

[more]

Chondrilla

Chondrilla is the scientific name shared by two genera of life-forms: [more]

Cichorium

Cichorium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. The species are commonly known as chicory or endive ? there are two cultivated species, and four to six wild species. [more]

Crepis

Crepis is a genus of about 200 annual and perennial flowering plants found in the family Asterales resembling Dandelion, the main differences being that Hawksbeards have multiple flowers per plant as well as branching stems. The name Crepis derives from Greek, meaning 'shoe'. In some parts of the world the genus is known as Hawksbeard. [more]

Dendroseris

Dendroseris is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Dubyaea

[more]

Epilasia

[more]

Gundelia

The gundelia is a spiny, thistle-like flowering plant, any of several species of the genus Gundelia, in the sunflower family (Asteraceae), particularly G. tournefortii. It is found in the semi-desert areas of Syria, Israel, Jordan, Iraq, Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Anatolia. [more]

Helminthia

[more]

Helminthotheca

The genus Helminthotheca is an genus, which belongs to the family Asteraceae. Its members are often treated as species of other genera:[] [more]

Helmintia

Heteracia

Hieracium

Hieracium (pronounced ), known by the common name hawkweed and classically as hierakion (from ancient Greek hierax 'hawk'), is a genus of the sunflower (Helianthus) family Asteraceae (previously called Compositae), and closely related to dandelion (Taraxacum), chicory (Cichorium), prickly lettuce (Lactuca) and sow thistle (Sonchus), which are part of the tribe Cichorieae. Hawkweeds, with their 10,000+ recorded species and subspecies, do their part to make Asteraceae the second largest family of flowers. Some botanists group all these species or subspecies into approximately 800 accepted species, while others prefer to accept several thousand species. Since most hawkweeds reproduce exclusively asexually by means of seeds that are genetically identical to their mother plant (apomixis or agamospermy), clones or populations that consist of genetically identical plants are formed and some botanists (especially in UK, Scandinavia and Russia) prefer to accept these clones as good species (arguing that it is impossible to know how these clones are interrelated) whereas others (mainly in Central Europe and USA) try to group them into a few hundred more broadly defined species. What is here treated as the single genus Hieracium is now treated by most European experts as two different genera, Hieracium and Pilosella, with species such as Hieracium pilosella, Hieracium floribundum and Hieracium aurantiacum referred to the latter genus. Many members of the genus Pilosella reproduce both by stolons (runners like those of strawberries) and by seeds, whereas true Hieracium species reproduce only by seeds. In Pilosella, many individual plants are capable of forming both normal sexual and asexual (apomictic) seeds, whereas individual plants of Hieracium only produce one kind of seeds. Another difference is that all species of Pilosella have leaves with smooth (entire) margins whereas most species of Hieracium have distinctly dentate to deeply cut or divided leaves. [more]

Hyoseris

[more]

Hypochaeris

Hypochaeris is a genus of plants in family Asteraceae. Species include: [more]

Ixeris

[more]

Koelpinia

[more]

Krigia

Annuals or perennials, 3-75 cm; taprooted, fibrous-rooted, or (in K. dandelion) with rhizomes bearing globose tubers. Stems 1-50+, usually erect, rarely decumbent, scapiform or branched distally, glabrous or sparingly villous (proximally). glandular-villous (especially distally). Leaves mostly basal, sometimes cauline; petiolate (petioles often winged) ; blades linear to lanceolate, oblanceolate, or spatulate, margins entire, denticulate, or irregularly pinnately lobed, apices acute to obtuse (faces glabrous or glandular-villous, usually glaucous in K. dandelion and K. biflora) ; distal cauline usually slightly reduced to bractlike. Heads borne singly. Peduncles not distally inflated, ebracteate (from rosettes and from axils of cauline leaves or bracts). Calyculi 0. Involucres turbinate to campanulate, 2-12 mm diam. Phyllaries (4-) 5-18 in 1-2 series, (sometimes reflexed in fruit) linear-lanceolate to ovate, equal, herbaceous, apices acute (faces glabrous). Receptacles flat or low-convex, pitted. glabrous, epaleate. Florets 5-60; corollas yellow to orange (equaling or surpassing phyllaries). Cypselae brown or reddish brown, columnar, obconic, barrel-shaped, or fusiform, not beaked, nerves or ribs 10-20, glabrous ; pappi 0, or persistent, often fragile, usually in 2 series, distinct, outer of 5+, yellowish or brownish scales, inner of 5-45, barbellulate bristles (pappi 0 in K. cespitosa, 0 or 1 series of tiny scales in K. wrightii). x = (4) 5 (6, 9).[1] [more]

Lactuca

Annuals or biennials, 15-450+ cm; taprooted. Stems usually 1, usually erect, branched distally or throughout, glabrous or hairy (sometimes hispid to setose) . Leaves basal and cauline or mostly cauline (at flowering) ; sessile or petiolate; blades orbiculate, ovate, oblong, or lanceolate to oblanceolate, linear, or filiform, margins entire or denticulate to pinnately lobed (faces glabrous or hairy, often ± setose) . Heads borne singly or in corymbiform to paniculiform arrays. Peduncles not inflated distally, sometimes bracteate. Calyculi of 3-10+, deltate to lanceolate bractlets in 2-3 series (sometimes intergrading with phyllaries) . Involucres campanulate to cylindric, 2-5[-8+] mm diam. Phyllaries 5-13+ in ± 2 series (erect or reflexed in fruit), lanceolate to linear, usually subequal to equal, margins sometimes scarious, apices obtuse to acute. Receptacles flat to convex, pitted, glabrous, epaleate. Florets 6-50+; corollas yellow, bluish, or whitish. Cypselae reddish brown, tan, whitish, or purplish to blackish, bodies compressed to flattened, elliptic to oblong, beaks stout (0.1-1 mm, gradually or weakly set off from bodies) or filiform (2-6 mm, sharply set off from bodies), ribs 1-9 on each face, faces often transversely rugulose, usually glabrous; pappi persistent (borne on discs at tips of cypselae or beaks), obscurely double (spp. 1-2), each a minute, erose corona 0.05-0.2 mm subtending 40-80+, white or fuscous, ± equal, barbellate to barbellulate bristles in 1-2 series, or simple (spp. 3-10) of 80-120+, white, ± equal, barbellulate to nearly smooth bristles in 2-3+ series. x = 9.[2] [more]

Lapsana

Lapsana is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, containing a single species, Lapsana communis (Nipplewort). It is native to Europe and northern Asia. [more]

Launaea

Launaea is a genus of flowering plant in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following 54 species, infra-taxons and synonymes excluded : [more]

Leontodon

Hawkbits (Leontodon spp.) are dandelion-like flowers in the family Asteraceae (Compositae). Their English name derives from the mediæval belief that hawks ate the plant to improve their eyesight. Although originally native to Eurasia and North Africa, they have since become established in other countries, including the United States and New Zealand. [more]

Malacothrix

Malacothrix may refer to: [more]

Microseris

Microseris is a large genus of the family Asteraceae, represented on several continents. Common names include murnong, yam daisy, and silverpuffs. [more]

Mulgedium

Perennials [annuals or biennials], 15-100+ cm; ± rhizomatous. Stems usually 1, usually erect, branched distally, glabrous or glabrate. Leaves basal and cauline or mostly cauline; petiolate (basal) or sessile; blades oblong, elliptic, or ovate to lanceolate or linear, margins entire or dentate to pinnately lobed (faces glabrous, often glaucous). Heads borne singly or in corymbiform to paniculiform arrays. Peduncles not inflated distally, usually bracteate. Calyculi of 3-13+, deltate to lanceolate bractlets (sometimes intergrading with phyllaries). Involucres cylindric, 2-5[-8+] mm diam. Phyllaries 8-13+ in 1-2 series, lanceolate to linear, subequal to equal, margins little, if at all, scarious, apices acute. Receptacles flat, pitted, glabrous, epaleate. Florets (10-) 15-50+; corollas usually bluish [yellow]. Cypselae reddish brown to brown-mottled or slatey [blackish], bodies ± compressed, lanceoloid, beaks 0 (or gradually set off from and ± concolorous with bodies), ribs 4-6 on each face, faces glabrous [scabrid]; pappi persistent (borne on discs at tips of cypselae or beaks), of 80-120+, whitish, ± equal, barbellulate to nearly smooth bristles in 2-3+ series. x = 9.[3] [more]

Picris

Picris (oxtongues) is a genus in the family Asteraceae (or Compositae). [more]

Pilosella

Hieracium (pronounced ), known by the common name hawkweed and classically as hierakion (from ancient Greek hierax 'hawk'), is a genus of the sunflower (Helianthus) family Asteraceae (previously called Compositae), and closely related to dandelion (Taraxacum), chicory (Cichorium), prickly lettuce (Lactuca) and sow thistle (Sonchus), which are part of the tribe Cichorieae. Hawkweeds, with their 10,000+ recorded species and subspecies, do their part to make Asteraceae the second largest family of flowers. Some botanists group all these species or subspecies into approximately 800 accepted species, while others prefer to accept several thousand species. Since most hawkweeds reproduce exclusively asexually by means of seeds that are genetically identical to their mother plant (apomixis or agamospermy), clones or populations that consist of genetically identical plants are formed and some botanists (especially in UK, Scandinavia and Russia) prefer to accept these clones as good species (arguing that it is impossible to know how these clones are interrelated) whereas others (mainly in Central Europe and USA) try to group them into a few hundred more broadly defined species. What is here treated as the single genus Hieracium is now treated by most European experts as two different genera, Hieracium and Pilosella, with species such as Hieracium pilosella, Hieracium floribundum and Hieracium aurantiacum referred to the latter genus. Many members of the genus Pilosella reproduce both by stolons (runners like those of strawberries) and by seeds, whereas true Hieracium species reproduce only by seeds. In Pilosella, many individual plants are capable of forming both normal sexual and asexual (apomictic) seeds, whereas individual plants of Hieracium only produce one kind of seeds. Another difference is that all species of Pilosella have leaves with smooth (entire) margins whereas most species of Hieracium have distinctly dentate to deeply cut or divided leaves. [more]

Prenanthes

Prenanthes is a genus of plants in the family Asteraceae, often referred to as Rattlesnake root. [more]

Reichardia

[more]

Rhagadiolus

Annuals, 5-60+ cm; taprooted. Stems usually 1, erect, branched distally, glabrous. Leaves basal and cauline (mostly cauline at flowering) ; basal sessile or ± petiolate, distal ± sessile; blades ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate or linear (often runcinate), margins entire or dentate to pinnately lobed (faces glabrous or ± hispid). Heads in ± corymbiform arrays (terminal heads often surpassed by others). Peduncles not inflated, rarely bracteolate. Calyculi of 5, ovate to deltate bractlets. Involucres campanulate to cylindric, 2-4+ mm diam. (larger in fruit). Phyllaries (3-) 5-8 in 1 series (closely enfolding ovaries/cypselae of subtended florets; ± patent in fruit), linear, equal, margins often scarious, apices acuminate (abaxially glabrous or ± hispid to scabrous). Receptacles ± flat, smooth or ± pitted, glabrous, epaleate. Florets 5-6(-10+) ; corollas yellow. Cypselae brownish, heteromorphic; outer (tardily falling with enfolding phyllary) ± terete, narrowed distally, straight to arcuate, not beaked, ribs 0, faces glabrous; inner (readily falling) terete, straight to ± coiled, faces glabrous or closely hirtellous; pappi 0. x = 5.[4] [more]

Scolymus

Scolymus (golden thistle or oyster thistle) is a genus of three species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to the Mediterranean region and western Europe north to northwestern France. [more]

Scorzonera

Annuals, biennials, or perennials [subshrubs], 5-100+ cm; taprooted. Stems 1, erect, branched from bases and/or distally, glabrous or hairy. Leaves basal and cauline; basal sessile or petiolate, distal sessile; blades ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate or linear, margins entire or pinnately lobed to pinnatisect (faces glabrous or ± arachnose [tomentose]). Heads borne singly or in loose, corymbiform arrays. Peduncles not inflated, sometimes bracteate. Calyculi 0. Involucres ovoid to cylindric, 6-12[-16+] mm diam. (larger in fruit). Phyllaries 18-30+ in 3-5+ series, deltate or ovate to lanceolate or lance-linear (± flat proximally, not enfolding subtended florets), unequal, margins scarious, apices obtuse to acute. Receptacles flat, pitted, glabrous, epaleate. Florets 30-100+; corollas whitish to yellow or purplish. Cypselae whitish to brownish, narrowly columnar to obclavate or fusiform (sometimes ± stipitate), not beaked, nerves usually 10, sometimes 0, faces mostly glabrous, sometimes distally villosulous [lanate]; pappi persistent, of 28-50+, whitish, subequal, plumose to barbellate, subulate to setiform scales in 2-3 series. x = 7.[5] [more]

Shinnersoseris

Annuals, 5-85 cm (herbage glabrous) ; taprooted (roots deep, slender to thick). Stems usually 1, erect, simple proximally, branched distally, glabrous. Leaves cauline (opposite proximally) ; ± sessile; blades linear to filiform, margins entire. Heads borne singly. Peduncles not inflated distally, usually bracteate. Calyculi of 8, ovate to lanceolate bractlets. Involucres narrowly cylindric, 4-5 mm diam. Phyllaries 8 in 1-2 series, linear, margins scarious, apices acute (keeled). Receptacles flat, pitted, glabrous, epaleate. Florets 8-11; corollas pale purple or lavender, with white-tips. Cypselae pale green or tan, subcylindric to ± fusiform, apices abruptly constricted, not beaked, ribs 8-10, scabrous distally; pappi of 30-50, basally connate, white, ± equal, smooth or barbellulate bristles in ± 1 series. x = 6.[6] [more]

Sonchus

Sonchus is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family Asteraceae. Most of the species are annual herbs, a few are perennial, and some (restricted to the Canary Islands) are even woody (subgenus Dendrosonchus) [more]

Soroseris

[more]

Stephanomeria

Stephanomeria is a genus of plants also known as wirelettuce, belonging to the family Asteraceae. The ten perennial and six annual species are restricted to western North America. [more]

Taraxacum

The common name Dandelion is given to species of the genus Taraxacum, a large genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. In the Asteraceae (formerly Compositae) the 'flowers' are morphologically a composite flower head consisting of many tiny flowers called florets. The dandelion is native to Europe and Asia, and has been introduced to many other places. Taraxacum species reproduce asexually by means of apomixis and seed production commonly occurs without pollination. [more]

Tolpis

Annuals [perennials, shrubs], 5-100+ cm; taprooted. Stems usually 1, erect, branched distally, glabrous or hairy. Leaves basal and cauline; basal sessile or petiolate, distal usually sessile; blades ovate-lanceolate or oblanceolate to lanceolate or linear, margins entire or dentate to pinnately lobed or pinnatisect (faces glabrous or sparsely pubescent or arachnose to villous). Heads borne singly or in loose, corymbiform arrays (terminal heads often surpassed by others). Peduncles not inflated, bracteate. Calyculi of 8-13, linear to filiform bractlets (often intergrading with peduncular bracts). Involucres campanulate, 5-10[-15+] mm diam. (larger in fruit). Phyllaries 20-25+ in 2+ series, lance-linear to linear (± navicular proximally, enfolding ovaries/cypselae of subtended florets, sometimes keeled abaxially), subequal to equal, margins little, if at all, scarious, apices filiform, faces ± arachnose. Receptacles flat, pitted, glabrous, epaleate. Florets 30-100+; corollas mostly yellow (inner sometimes purplish or brown). Cypselae brownish to blackish, ± columnar [obconic], not beaked, ribs or nerves usually 6-8(-10), faces glabrous or ± hirtellous; pappi persistent, of 4-15(-30+), whitish, smooth or barbellulate, setiform scales plus bristles (often equal on outer cypselae and unequal on inner ones). x = 9.[7] [more]

Tragopogon

Tragopogon, also known as salsify or goatsbeard, is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family Asteraceae that has over 140 species, including the vegetable known as salsify, as well as a number of common wild flowers, some of which are usually regarded as weeds. [more]

Urospermum

Annuals [perennials], 10-40(-60+) cm; taprooted. Stems usually 1, erect, branched distally, setose to hispid or glabrous [pilosulous]. Leaves mostly cauline (at flowering) [mostly basal]; proximal ± petiolate, distal sessile; blades of the proximal mostly obovate to oblong-obovate, usually pinnately lobed or dentate, distal ovate to linear (bases often clasping), ultimate margins dentate or entire (veins often setose on abaxial faces). Heads borne singly or in loose, corymbiform arrays. Peduncles little, if at all, inflated distally, rarely bracteate. Calyculi 0. Involucres ± urceolate, 10-20+ mm diam. Phyllaries 7-8(-12+) in 1(-2) series, ovate-lanceolate to lance-linear (basally connate), subequal, margins scarious, apices acuminate. Receptacles flat to convex, pitted, hispid, epaleate. Florets 20-50+; corollas yellow, sometimes striped abaxially with red. Cypselae brown, bodies flattened-oblong, ± tuberculate, faces glabrous or scabrellous, beaks proximally dilated and tuberculate, distally acuminate and scabrous to scabrellous; pappi readily falling, of 18-22+ white [buff to rufous], subequal, plumose bristles in 1(-2) series (basally connate, falling together). . = 5, 7?.[8] [more]

Youngia

Youngia is an Asiatic genus of Asteraceae. There are several weed species in the genus including the endangered Youngia nilgiriensis Babcock from Sispara and Youngia japonica, which is also known as Japanese Hawkweed. [more]

At least 101 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Youngia.

More info about the Genus Youngia may be found here.

Bibliography

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Footnotes

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  1. Kenton L. Chambers, Robert J. O'Kennon "Krigia". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 217, 219, 362, 363. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  2. John L. Strother "Lactuca". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 216, 258, 259. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  3. John L. Strother "Mulgedium". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 215, 219, 258,
    259. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  4. John L. Strother "Rhagadiolus". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 214, 218, 300. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  5. John L. Strother "Scorzonera". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 218, 306. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  6. David J. Bogler "Shinnersoseris". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 214, 219, 368, 370. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  7. John L. Strother "Tolpis". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 218, 277. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  8. John L. Strother "Urospermum". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 215, 296. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Sources

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Last Revised: August 24, 2012
2012/08/24 19:48:12