Overview
Flacourtiaceae is a defunct family of flowering plants whose former members have been scattered to various other families, mostly to Achariaceae, Samydaceae, and Salicaceae. It was so vaguely defined that hardly anything seemed out of place there and it became a dumping ground for odd and anomalous genera, gradually making the family even more heterogeneous.1] In 1975, Hermann Sleumer said "Flacourtiaceae as a family is a fiction; only the tribes are homogeneous."[2]
In Cronquist's classification, it included 89 genera and more than 800 living species. Of these, many, including the type genus Flacourtia, have now been transferred to the Salicaceae in the molecular phylogeny-based classification, known as the APG II system, established by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. In the list below, Salicaceae is defined broadly. Some taxonomists would divide it into Salicaceae sensu stricto, , and Samydaceae.[3]
b>Flacourtiaceae is a defunct family of flowering plants whose former members have been scattered to various other families, mostly to Achariaceae, Samydaceae, and Salicaceae. It was so vaguely defined that hardly anything seemed out of place there and it became a dumping ground for odd and anomalous genera, gradually making the family even more heterogeneous.1] In 1975, Hermann Sleumer said "Flacourtiaceae as a family is a fiction; only the tribes are homogeneous."[2]In Cronquist's classification, it included 89 genera and more than 800 living species. Of these, many, including the type genus Flacourtia, have now been transferred to the Salicaceae in the molecular phylogeny-based classification, known as the APG II system, established by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. In the list below, Salicaceae is defined broadly. Some taxonomists would divide it into Salicaceae sensu stricto, , and Samydaceae.[3]
References
- ^ Chase, Mark W.; Sue Zmarzty; M. Dolores Lled?; Kenneth J. Wurdack; Susan M. Swensen; Michael F. Fay (2002). "When in doubt, put it in Flacourtiaceae: a molecular phylogenetic analysis based on plastid rbcL DNA sequences". Kew Bulletin 57 (1): 141?181. doi:10.2307/4110825. JSTOR 4110825.
- ^ Miller, Regis B. (1975). "Systematic anatomy of the xylem and comments on the relationships of Flacourtiaceae". Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 56 (1): 79.
- ^ Wurdack, Kenneth J.; Charles C. Davis (2009). "Malpighiales phylogenetics: Gaining ground on one of the most recalcitrant clades in the angiosperm tree of life". American Journal of Botany 96 (8): 1551?1570. doi:10.3732/ajb.0800207. PMID 21628300.
- ^ Alford, M. H. (2006). "Gerrardinaceae: a new family of African flowering plants unresolved among Brassicales, Huerteales, Malvales, and Sapindales". Taxon 55 (4): 959?964. doi:10.2307/25065689. JSTOR 25065689.
Taxonomy
The Family Flacourtiaceae is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Tribe (4): Erythrospermeae · Pangieae · Prockieae · Scolopieae
- Genus (116): Aberia · Adenogyrus · Anavinga · Anetia · Antigona · Antinisa · Arechavaletaia · Ascra · Asteriastigma · Astranthus · Baileyoxylon · Banara · Bartholomaea · Bedousia · Bennettia · Bergsmia · Bigelovia · Bivinia · Blackwellia · Blakwellia · Boca · Cathayeia · Cerolepis · Chaetocrater · Chetocrater · Christannia · Clasta · Corizospermum · Craepaloprumnon · Crateria · Dasylepis · Dasypetalum · Dendrostigma · Dendrostylis · Doryalis · Eichlerodendron · Euceraea · Gertrudia · Gestroa · Glossodiscus · Gossypiospermum · Grandidiera · Guayabilla · Guidonia · Hecatostemon · Henningsocarpum · Hisingera · Homalilum · Homaliopsis · Iroucana · Kiggelaria · Koelera · Kuhlia · Lasiochlamys · Licopolia · Mayna · Melistaurum · Mesaulosperma · Monandrodendron · Monospora · Myriantheia · Myriotriche · Napimoga · Neopringlea · Neoptychocarpus · Nisa · Oncoba · Ophiobotrys · Paraphyadanthe · Patrisa · Patrisia · Pectinea · Peterodendron · Phoberos · Phyllobotryum · Pierrea · Pineda · Piparea · Pitumba · Polycarpa · Pseudosmelia · Ptychocarpus · Pyramidocarpus · Pythagorea · Quadrasia · Racoubea · Raleighia · Rawsonia · Rhamnicastrum · Richeopsis · Rumea · Ryania · Ryparosa · Sadymia · Samyda · Scolopia · Spruceanthus · Stachycrater · Synandrina · Taraktogenos · Tattia · Tetracocyne · Tetrathylacium · Thamnia · Thiodia · Trichadenia · Trichostephanus · Trimeria · Valentinia · Vareca · Ventenatia · Vermoneta · Vermontea · Xyladenius · Zuelania · Zuelenia
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 589 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in the Family Flacourtiaceae.
Genera
Aberia
Dovyalis is a genus of shrubs and small trees. Recent genetic evidence has shown the genus to belong to the family Salicaceae; formerly it was classified in the family Flacourtiaceae. The 15 species are native to Africa (Ethiopia south to South Africa) and southern Asia (India, Sri Lanka). [more]
Adenogyrus
Anavinga
Anetia
Anetia is a genus of nymphalid butterfly in the Danainae subfamily. [more]
Antigona
Antigona (Antigone) is an opera in three acts in Italian by the composer Tommaso Traetta. The libretto, by Marco Coltellini, is based on the tragedy Antigone by Sophocles. [more]
Antinisa
Homalium is a genus of plant in family Salicaceae. [more]
Arechavaletaia
Azara is a genus of ten species of flowering plants in the family Salicaceae, native to temperate to subtropical regions of South America. Azara was formerly classed in the family Flacourtiaceae. [more]
Ascra
Ascra (Ancient Greek: , ?skre) was an ancient town in Boeotia which is best known today as the home of the poet Hesiod. It was located upon Mount Helicon, five miles west of Thespiae. According to a lost poetic Atthis by one Hegesinous, a maiden by the name of Ascra lay with Poseidon and bore a son Oeoclus who, together with the Aloadae, founded the town named for his mother. In the Works and Days, Hesiod says that his father was driven from Aeolian Cyme to Ascra by poverty, only to find himself situated in a most unpleasant town (lines 639?40): [more]
Asteriastigma
Astranthus
Baileyoxylon
Banara
Banara is a genus of plant in family Salicaceae (formerly in Flacourtiaceae). [more]
Bartholomaea
Bedousia
Bennettia
Galearia is a of plant of the family Pandaceae. There are 6 species present from Myanmar to the Malesia. They are large trees or shrubs which exudate a white liquid. [more]
Bergsmia
Bigelovia
Bivinia
Bivinia is a genus of in family Flacourtiaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]
Blackwellia
Blakwellia
Boca
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Cathayeia
Cerolepis
Chaetocrater
Chetocrater
Christannia
Clasta
Corizospermum
Craepaloprumnon
Crateria
Dasylepis
Dasypetalum
Dendrostigma
Dendrostylis
Doryalis
Eichlerodendron
Euceraea
Gertrudia
Gestroa
Glossodiscus
Gossypiospermum
Grandidiera
Guayabilla
Guidonia
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Hecatostemon
Henningsocarpum
Hisingera
Homalilum
Homaliopsis
Iroucana
Kiggelaria
Koelera
Kuhlia
The flagtails (ahole or aholehole in the Hawaiian language) are a family (Kuhliidae) of perciform fish of the Indo-Pacific area. The family consists of several species in one genus, Kuhlia, of which, one, (K. rupestris), is freshwater. The others are marine. [more]
Lasiochlamys
Lasiochlamys is a genus of in family Salicaceae. [more]
Licopolia
Mayna
Melistaurum
Mesaulosperma
Monandrodendron
Monospora
Myriantheia
Myriotriche
Napimoga
Neopringlea
Neoptychocarpus
Nisa
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Oncoba
Oncoba is a genus of in family Salicaceae. [more]
Ophiobotrys
Paraphyadanthe
Patrisa
Patrisia
Pectinea
Peterodendron
Phoberos
Phyllobotryum
Pierrea
Pineda
Piparea
Pitumba
Polycarpa
Pseudosmelia
Ptychocarpus
Pyramidocarpus
Pythagorea
Quadrasia
Claoxylon is a flowering plant genus in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, comprising dioecious subshrubs to small trees. The genus comprises about 80 species, distributed in paleotropical areas: Madagascar through South and Southeast Asia, Malesia to Melanesia, Hawaii, and Australia. Half of the species are in Malesia. According to a molecular phylogenetic study by Wurdack, Hoffmann & Chase (2005), Claoxylon is sister to Erythrococca (50 species, Africa), and together they form the top of a Hennigian comb-like phylogeny. [more]
Racoubea
Raleighia
Abatia (syn. Raleighia Gardner) is a genus of about nine species of Central and South American trees in the willow family Salicaceae (following the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification). Previously it was treated in the family Flacourtiaceae, or tribe Abatieae of the family Passifloraceae (Lemke 1988) or Samydaceae by G. Bentham & J.D. Hooker and Hutchinson. [more]
Rawsonia
Rawsonia is a genus of in family Flacourtiaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]
Rhamnicastrum
Richeopsis
Rumea
Ryania
Ryparosa
Ryparosa is a genus of in family Flacourtiaceae. [more]
Sadymia
Samyda
Samyda is a genus of in family Salicaceae. [more]
Scolopia
Scolopia is a genus of plants in family Salicaceae. [more]
Spruceanthus
Spruceanthus is a genus of in family Lejeuneaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]
Stachycrater
Synandrina
Taraktogenos
Taraktogenos is a genus of in family Flacourtiaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]
Tattia
Tetracocyne
Tetrathylacium
Thamnia
Thiodia
Trichadenia
Trichadenia is a genus of in family Flacourtiaceae. [more]
Trichostephanus
Trimeria
Valentinia
Vareca
Ventenatia
Euphorbia is a genus of plants belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. Consisting of 2008 species, Euphorbia is one of the most diverse genera in the plant kingdom, exceeded possibly only by Senecio.[] Members of the family and genus are sometimes referred to as Spurges. Euphorbia antiquorum is the type species for the genus Euphorbia; it was described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 in Species Plantarum. The genus is primarily found in the tropical and subtropical regions of Africa and the Americas, but also in temperate zones worldwide. Succulent species originate mostly from Africa, the Americas and Madagascar. There exists a wide range of insular species: on the Hawaiian Islands where spurges are collectively known as "akoko", and on the Canary Islands as "tabaibas". [more]
Vermoneta
Vermontea
Xyladenius
Zuelania
Zuelenia
More info about the Genus Zuelenia may be found here.
References
- ^ Chase, Mark W.; Sue Zmarzty; M. Dolores Lled?; Kenneth J. Wurdack; Susan M. Swensen; Michael F. Fay (2002). "When in doubt, put it in Flacourtiaceae: a molecular phylogenetic analysis based on plastid rbcL DNA sequences". Kew Bulletin 57 (1): 141?181. doi:10.2307/4110825. JSTOR 4110825.
- ^ Miller, Regis B. (1975). "Systematic anatomy of the xylem and comments on the relationships of Flacourtiaceae". Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 56 (1): 79.
- ^ Wurdack, Kenneth J.; Charles C. Davis (2009). "Malpighiales phylogenetics: Gaining ground on one of the most recalcitrant clades in the angiosperm tre e of life". American Journal of Botany 96 (8): 1551?1570. doi:10.3732/ajb.0800207. PMID 21628300.
- ^ Alford, M. H. (2006). "Gerrardinaceae: a new family of African flowering plants unresolved among Brassicales, Huerteales, Malvales, and Sapindales". Taxon 55 (4): 959?964. doi:10.2307/25065689. JSTOR 25065689.
Sources
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