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Fabaceae

(Family)

Overview

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The Fabaceae or Leguminosae, commonly known as the legume, pea, or bean family, is a large and economically important family of flowering plants. The group is the third largest land plant family, behind only the Orchidaceae and Asteraceae, with 730 genera and over 19,400 species.4] The largest genera are Astragalus (over 2,400 species), Acacia (over 950 species), Indigofera (around 700 species), Crotalaria (around 700 species), and Mimosa (around 500 species).

Plants of this family are found throughout the world, growing in many different environments and climates. A number are important agricultural plants, including: Glycine max (soybean), Phaseolus (beans), Pisum sativum (pea), Cicer arietinum (chickpeas), Medicago sativa (alfalfa), Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Ceratonia siliqua (carob), and Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), which are among the best known members of Fabaceae.

A number of species are also weedy pests in different parts of the world, including: Cytisus scoparius (broom), Ulex europaeus (gorse), Pueraria lobata (kudzu), and a number of Lupinus species.

Etymology

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The name 'Fabaceae' comes from the defunct genus Faba, now included in Vicia. The term "faba" comes from Latin, and appears to simply mean "bean".[5] Leguminosae is an older name still considered valid,[6] and refers to the typical fruit of these plants, which are called legumes.

Distribution

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The Fabaceae has an essentially worldwide distribution, bei ng found everywhere except Antarctica and the high arctic.[4]

Taxonomy

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The Fabaceae are placed in the order Fabales according to most taxonomic systems, including the APG III system. The family includes three subfamilies:

These three subfamilies have been alternatively treated at the family level, as in the Cronquist and Dahlgren systems. However, this choice has not been supported by late 20th and early 21st century evidence, which has shown the Caesalpini oideae to be paraphyletic and the Fabaceae sensu lato to be monophyletic.[8] While the Mimosoideae and the Faboideae are largely monophyletic, the Caesalpinioideae appear to be paraphyletic[1][8] and the tribe Cercideae is probably sister to the rest of the family.[1][8] Moreover, there are a number of genera whose placement into the Caesalpinioideae is not always agreed on (e.g. Dimorphandra).

Description

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The fruit of Gymnocladus dioicus

Fabaceae range in habit from giant trees (like Koompassia excelsa) to small annual herbs, with the majority being herbaceous perennials. Plants have indeterminate inflorescences, which are sometimes reduced to a single flower. The flowers have a short hypanthium and a single carpel with a short gynophore, and after fertilization produce fruits that are legumes.

Roots

Main article: Root nodule

Many Fabaceae host bacteria in their roots within structures called root nodules. These bacteria, known as rhizobia, have the ability to take nitrogen gas (N2) out of the air and convert it to a form of nitrogen that is usable to the host plant ( NO3- or NH3 ). This process is called nitrogen fixation. The legume, acting as a host, and rhizobia, acting as a provider of usable nitrate, form a symbiotic relationship.

Leaves

The leaves are usually alternate and compound. Most often they are even- or odd-pinnately compound (e.g. Caragana and Robinia respectively), often trifoliate (e.g. Trifolium, Medicago) and rarely palmately compound (e.g. Lupinus), in the Mimosoideae and the Caesalpinioideae commonly bipinnate (e.g. Acacia, Mimosa). They always have stipules, which can be leaf-like (e.g. Pisum), thorn-like (e.g. Robinia) or be rather inconspicuous. Leaf margins are entire or, occasionally, serrate. Both the leaves and the leaflets often have wrinkled pulvini to permit nastic movements. In some species, leaflets have evolved into tendrils (e.g. Vicia).

Many species have leaves with structures that attract ants that protect the plant from herbivore insects (a form of mutualism). Extrafloral nectaries are common among the Mimosoideae and the Caesalpinioideae, and are also found in some Faboideae (e.g. Vicia sativa). In some Acacia, the modified hollow stipules are inhabited by ants.

Flowers

A flower of Wisteria sinensis, Faboideae. Two petals have been removed to show stamens and pistil

The flowers always have five generally fused sepals and five free petals. They are generally hermaphrodite, and have a short hypanthium, usually cup shaped. There are normally ten stamens and one elongated superior ovary, with a curved style. They are usually arranged in indeterminate inflorescences. Fabaceae are typically entomophilous plants (i.e. they are pollinated by insects), and the flowers are usually showy to attract pollinators.

In the Caesalpinioideae, the flowers are often zygomorphic, as in Cercis, or nearly symmetrical with five equal petals in Bauhinia. The upper petal is the innermost one, unlike in the Faboideae. Some species, like some in the genus Senna, have asymmetric flowers, with one of the lower petals larger than the opposing one, and the style bent to one side. The calyx, corolla, or stamens can be showy in this group.

In the Mimosoideae, the flowers are actinomorphic and arranged in globose inflorescences. The petals are small and the stamens, which can be more than just ten, have long colored filaments, which are the most showy part of the flower. All of the flowers in an inflorescence open at once.

In the Faboideae, the flowers are zygomorphic, and have a specialized structure. The upper petal, called the banner, is large and envelops the rest of the petals in bud, often reflexing when the flower blooms. The two adjacent petals, the wings, surround the two bottom petals. The two bottom petals are fused together at the apex (remaining free at the base), forming a boat-like structure called the keel. The stamens are always ten in number, and their filaments can be fused in various configurations, often in a group of nine stamens plus one separate stamen. Various genes in the CYCLOIDEA (CYC)/DICHOTOMA (DICH) family are expressed in the upper (also called dorsal or adaxial) petal; in some species, such as Cadia these genes are expressed throughout the flower, producing a radially symmetrical flower.[9]

Fruit

Main article: Legume
Legume of Vicia angustifolia

The ovary most typically develops into a legume. A legume is a simple dry fruit that usually dehisces (opens along a seam) on two sides. A common name for this type of fruit is a "pod", although that can also be applied to a few other fruit types. A few species have evolved samarae, loments, follicles, indehiscent legumes, achenes, drupes, and berries from the basic legume fruit.

Evolution

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It has been suggested, based on fossil and phylogenetic evidence, that legumes originally evolved in arid and/or semi-arid regions along the Tethys seaway during the early Tertiary.[3][10] However, others contend that Africa (or even the Americas) cannot yet be ruled out as the origin of the family.[11][12]

One of the key features of Fabaceae is that some members are able to nodulate. The current hypothesis about the evolution of the genes needed for nodulation is that they were recruited from other pathways after a polyploidy event.[13] Several different pathways have been implicated as donating duplicated genes to the pathways need for nodulation. The main donors to the pathway were the genes associated with the arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis genes, the pollen tube formation genes and the haemoglobin genes. One of the main genes shown to be shared between the arbuscular mycorrhiza pathway and the nodulation pathway is SYMRK and it is involved in the plant-bacterial recognition.[14] The pollen tube growth is similar to the infection thread development in that infection threads grow in a polar manner that is similar to a pollen tubes polar growth towards the ovules. Both pathways include the same type of enzymes, pectin-degrading cell wall enzymes.[15] The enzymes needed to reduce nitrogen, nitrogenases, are require a substantial input of ATP but at the same time are sensitive to free oxygen. To meet the requirements of this paradoxical situation, the plants express a type of haemoglobin called leghaemoglobin that is believed to be recruited after a duplication event.[16] These three genetic pathways are believed to be part of a gene duplication event then recruited to work in nodulation.

The family has also evolved a unique chemistry. Pterocarpans are a class of molecules (derivatives of isoflavonoids) found only in the Fabaceae.

Uses

[ Back to top ]

The history of legumes is tied in closely with that of human civilization, appearing early in Asia, the Americas (the common bean, several varieties) and Europe (broad beans) by 6,000 BCE, where they became a staple, essential for supplementing protein where there was not enough meat.

Their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen reduces fertilizer costs for farmers and gardeners who grow legumes, and means that legumes can be used in a crop rotation to replenish soil that has been depleted of nitrogen. Legume seeds and foliage have a comparatively higher protein content than non-legume materials, due to the additional nitrogen that legumes receive through the process. Some legume species perform hydraulic lift, which makes them ideal for inte rcropping.[17]

Farmed legumes can belong to numerous classes, including forage, grain, blooms, pharmaceutical/industrial, fallow/green manure and timber species, with most commercially farmed species filling two or more roles simultaneously.

There are of two broad types of forage legumes. Some, like alfalfa, clover, vetch, and Arachis, are sown in pasture and grazed by livestock. Other forage legumes such as Leucaena or Albizia are woody shrub or tree species that are either broken down by livestock or regularly cut by humans to provide stock feed.

Grain legumes are cultivated for their seeds, and are also called pulses. The seeds are used for human and animal consumption or for the production of oils for industrial uses. Grain legumes include both herbaceous plants like beans, lentils, lupins, peas and peanuts.[18] and trees such as carob, mesquite and tamarind.

Bloom legume species include species such as lupin, which are farmed commercially for their blooms as well as being popular in gardens worldwide. Laburnum, Robinia, Gleditsia, Acacia, Mimosa, and Delonix are ornamental trees and shrubs.

Industrial farmed legumes include Indigofera, cultivated for the production of indigo, Acacia, for gum arabic, and Derris, for the insecticide action of rotenone, a compound it produces.

Fallow or green manure legume species are cultivated to be tilled back into the soil to exploit the high nitrogen levels found in most legumes. Numerous legumes are farmed for this purpose, including Leucaena, Cyamopsis and Sesbania.

Various legume species are farmed for timber production worldwide, including numerous Acacia species, Dalbergia species, and Castanospermum australe.

Genera

[ Back to top ]

The genera included in this family can be viewed on the following three pages:

  • List of Mimosoideae genera
  • List of Caesalpinioideae genera
  • List of Faboideae genera

Image gallery

[ Back to top ]

  • Acacia baileyana (Wattle)

  • Loments of Alysicarpus vaginalis

  • Calliandra emarginata

  • Desmodium gangeticum

  • Dichrostachys cinerea Sickle Bush

  • Indigofera gerardiana

  • Tendrils of Lathyrus odoratus (Sweet pea)

  • Inflorescence of Lupinus arboreus (Yellow bush lupin)

  • Pisum sativum (Peas); note the leaf-like stipules

  • Smithia conferta

  • Trifolium repens in Kullu District of Himachal Pradesh, India.

  • Zornia gibbosa

e Fabaceae or Leguminosae, commonly known as the legume, pea, or bean family, is a large and economically important family of flowering plants. The group is the third largest land plant family, behind only the Orchidaceae and Asteraceae, with 730 genera and over 19,400 species.4] The largest genera are Astragalus (over 2,400 species), Acacia (over 950 species), Indigofera (around 700 species), Crotalaria (around 700 species), and Mimosa (around 500 species).

Plants of this family are found throughout the world, growing in many different environments and climates. A number are important agricultural plants, including: Glycine max (soybean), Phaseolus (beans), Pisum sativum (pea), Cicer arietinum (chickpeas), Medicago sativa (alfalfa), Arachis hypogaea (peanut), Ceratonia siliqua (carob), and Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice), which are among the best known members of Fabaceae.

A number of species are also weedy pests in different parts of the world, including: Cytisus scoparius (broom), Ulex europaeus (gorse), Pueraria lobata (kudzu), and a number of Lupinus species.

Etymology

[ Back to top ]

The name 'Fabaceae' comes from the defunct genus Faba, now included in Vicia. The term "faba" comes from Latin, and appears to simply mean "bean".[5] Leguminosae is an older name still considered valid,[6] and refers to the typical fruit of these plants, which are called legumes.

Distribution

[ Back to top ]

The Fabaceae has an essentially worldwide distribution, being found everywhere except Antarctica and the high arctic.[4]

Taxonomy

[ Back to top ]

The Fabaceae are placed in the order Fabal es according to most taxonomic systems, including the APG III system. The family includes three subfamilies:

  • Mimosoideae: 80 genera and 3,200 species. Mostly tropical and warm temperate Asia and America. Mimosa, Acacia.
  • Caesalpinioideae:[7] 170 genera and 2,000 species, cosmopolitan. Caesalpinia, Senna, Bauhinia, Amherstia.
  • Faboideae: 470 genera and 14,000 species, cosmopolitan. Astragalus, Lupinus.

These three subfamilies have been alternatively treated at the family level, as in the Cronquist and Dahlgren systems. However, this choice has not been supported by late 20th and early 21st century evidence, which has shown the Caesalpinioideae to be paraphyletic and the Fabaceae sensu lato to be monophyletic.[8] While the Mimosoideae and the Faboideae are largely monophyletic, the Caesalpinioideae appear to be paraphyletic[1][8] and the tribe Cercideae is probably sister to the rest of the family.[1][8] Moreover, there are a number of genera whose placement into the Caesalpinioideae is not always agreed on (e.g. Dimorphandra).

Description

[ Back to top ]
The fruit of Gymnocladus dioicus

Fabaceae range in habit from giant tr ees (like Koompassia excelsa) to small annual herbs, with the majority being herbaceous perennials. Plants have indeterminate inflorescences, which are sometimes reduced to a single flower. The flowers have a short hypanthium and a single carpel with a short gynophore, and after fertilization produce fruits that are legumes.

Roots

Main article: Root nodule

Many Fabaceae host bacteria in their roots within structures called root nodules. These bacteria, known as rhizobia, have the ability to take nitrogen gas (N2) out of the air and convert it to a form of nitrogen that is usable to the host plant ( NO3- or NH3 ). This process is called nitrogen fixation. The legume, acting as a host, and rhizobia, acting as a provider of usable nitrate, form a symbiotic relationship.

Leaves

The leaves are usually alternate and compound. Most often they are even- or odd-pinnately compound (e.g. Caragana and Robinia respectively), often trifoliate (e.g. Trifolium, Medicago) and rarely palmately compound (e.g. Lupinus), in the Mimosoideae and the Caesalpinioideae commonly bipinnate (e.g. Acacia, Mimosa). They always have stipules, which can be leaf-like (e.g. Pisum), thorn-like (e.g. Robinia) or be rather inconspicuous. Leaf margins are entire or, occasionally, serrate. Both the leaves and the leaflets often have wrinkled pulvini to permit nastic movements. In some species, leaflets have evolved into tendrils (e.g. Vicia).

Many species have leaves with structures that attract ants that protect the plant from herbivore insects (a form of mutualism). Extrafloral nectaries are common among the Mimosoideae and the Caesalpinioideae, and are also found in some Faboideae (e.g. Vicia sativa). In some Acacia, the modified hollow stipules are inhabited by ants.

Flowers

A flower of Wisteria sinensis, Faboideae. Two petals have been removed to show stamens and pistil

The flowers always have five generally fused sepals and five free petals. They are generally hermaphrodite, and have a short hypanthium, usually cup shaped. There are normally ten stamens and one elongated superior ovary, with a curved style. They are usually arranged in indeterminate inflorescences. Fabaceae are typically entomophilous plants (i.e. they are pollinated by insects), and the flowers are usually showy to attract pollinators.

In the Caesalpinioideae, the flowers are often zygomorphic, as in Cercis, or nearly symmetrical with five equal petals in Bauhinia. The upper petal is the innermost one, unlike in the Faboideae. Some species, like some in the genus Senna, have asymmetric flowers, with one of the lower petals larger than the opposing one, and the style bent to one side. The calyx, corolla, or stamens can be showy in this group.

In the Mimosoideae, the flowers are actinomorphic and arranged in globose inflorescences. The petals are small and the stamens, which can be more than just ten, have long colored filaments, which are the most showy part of the flower. All of the flowers in an inflorescence open at once.

In the Faboideae, the flowers are zygomorphic, and have a specialized structure. The upper petal, called the banner, is large and envelops the rest of the petals in bud, often reflexing when the flower blooms. The two adjacent petals, the wings, surround the two bottom petals. The two bottom petals are fused together at the apex (remaining free at the base), forming a boat-like structure called the keel. The stamens are always ten in number, and their filaments can be fused in various configurations, often in a group of nine stamens plus one separate stamen. Various genes in the CYCLOIDEA (CYC)/DICHOTOMA (DICH) family are expressed in the upper (also called dorsal or adaxial) petal; in some species, such as Cadia these genes are expressed throughout the flower, producing a radially symmetrical flower.[9]

Fruit

Main article: Legume
Legume of Vicia angustifolia

The ovary most typically develops into a legume. A legume is a simple dry fruit that usually dehisces (opens along a seam) on two sides. A common name for this type of fruit is a "pod", although that can also be applied to a few other fruit types. A few species have evolved samarae, loments, follicles, indehiscent legumes, achenes, drupes, and berries from the basic legume fruit.

Evolution

[ Back to top ]

It has been suggested, based on fossil and phylogenetic evidence, that legumes originally evolved in arid and/or semi-arid regions along the Tethys seaway during the early Tertiary.[3][10] However, others contend that Africa (or even the Americas) cannot yet be ruled out as the origin of the family.[11][12]

One of the key features of Fabaceae is that some members are able to nodulate. The current hypothesis about the evolution of the genes needed for nodulation is that they were recruited from other pathways after a polyploidy event.[13] Several different pathways have been implicated as donating duplicated genes to the pathways need for nodulation. The main donors to the pathway were the genes associated with the arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis genes, the pollen tube formation genes and the haemoglobin genes. One of the main genes shown to be shared between the arbuscular mycorrhiza pathway and the nodulation pathway is SYMRK and it is involved in the plant-bacterial recognition.[14] The pollen tube growth is similar to the infection thread development in that infection threads grow in a polar manner that is similar to a pollen tubes polar growth towards the ovules. Both pathways include the same type of enzymes, pectin-degrading cell wall enzymes.[15] The enzymes needed to reduce nitrogen, nitrogenases, are require a substantial input of ATP but at the same time are sensitive to free oxygen. To meet the requirements of this paradoxical situation, the plants express a type of haemoglobin called leghaemoglobin that is believed to be recruited after a duplication event.[16] These three genetic pathways are believed to be part of a gene duplication event then recruited to work in nodulation.

The family has also evolved a unique chemistry. Pterocarpans are a class of molecules (derivatives of isoflavonoids) found only in the Fabaceae.

Uses

[ Back to top ]

The history of legumes is tied in closely with that of human civilization, appearing early in Asia, the Ame ricas (the common bean, several varieties) and Europe (broad beans) by 6,000 BCE, where they became a staple, essential for supplementing protein where there was not enough meat.

Their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen reduces fertilizer costs for farmers and gardeners who grow legumes, and means that legumes can be used in a crop rotation to replenish soil that has been depleted of nitrogen. Legume seeds and foliage have a comparatively higher protein content than non-legume materials, due to the additional nitrogen that legumes receive through the process. Some legume species perform hydraulic lift, which makes them ideal for intercropping.[17]

Farmed legumes can belong to numerous classes, including forage, grain, blooms, pharmaceutical/industrial, fallow/green manure and timber species, with most commercially farmed species filling two or more roles simultaneously.

There are of two broad types of forage legumes. Some, like alfalfa, clover, vetch, and Arachis, are sown in pasture and grazed by livestock. Other forage legumes such as Leucaena or Albizia are woody shrub or tree species that are either broken down by livestock or regularly cut by humans to provide stock feed.

Grain legumes are cultivated for their seeds, and are also called pulses. The seeds are used for human and animal consumption or for the production of oils for industrial uses. Grain legumes include both herbaceous plants like beans, lentils, lupins, peas and peanuts.[18] and trees such as carob, mesquite and tamarind.

Bloom legume species include species such as lupin, which are farmed commercially for their blooms as well as being popular in gardens worldwide. Laburnum, Robinia, Gleditsia, Acacia, Mimosa, and Delonix are ornamental trees and shrubs.

Industrial farmed legumes include Indigofera, cultivated for the production of indigo, Acacia, for gum arabic, and Derris, for the insecticide action of rotenone, a compound it produces.

Fallow or green manure legume species are cultivated to be tilled back into the soil to exploit the high nitrogen levels found in most legumes. Numerous legumes are farmed for this purpose, including Leucaena, Cyamopsis and Sesbania.

Various legume species are farmed for timber production worldwide, including numerous Acacia species, Dalbergia species, and Castanospermum australe.

Genera

[ Back to top ]

The genera included in this family can be viewed on the following three pages:

  • List of Mimosoideae genera
  • List of Caesalpinioideae genera
  • List of Faboideae genera

Image gallery

[ Back to top ]

  • Acacia baileyana (Wattle)

  • Loments of Alysicarpus vaginalis

  • Calliandra emarginata

  • Desmodium gangeticum

  • Dichrostachys cinerea Sickle Bush

  • Indigofera gerardiana

  • Tendrils of Lathyrus odoratus (Sweet pea)

  • Inflorescence of Lupinus arboreus (Yellow bush lupin)

  • Pisum sativum (Peas); note the leaf-like stipules

  • Smithia conferta

  • Trifolium repens in Kullu District of Himachal Pradesh, India.

  • Zornia gibbosa

References

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  1. ^ a b c Wojciechowski, M. F.; Lavin, M.; Sanderson, M. J. (2004). "A phylogeny of legumes (Leguminosae) based on analysis of the plastid matK gene resolves many well-supported subclades within the family". American Journal of Botany 91 (11): 1846?62. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.11.1846. PMID 21652332. 
  2. ^ "GRIN-CA". http://pgrc3.agr.ca/cgi-bin/npgs/html/family.pl?440. Retrieved 2002-09-01. 
  3. ^ a b Schrire, B. D.; Lewis, G. P.; Lavin, M. (2005). "Biogeography of the Leguminosae". In Lewis, G; Schrire, G.; Mackinder, B. et al. Legumes of the world. Kew, England: Royal Botanic Gardens. pp. 21?54. ISBN 1900347806. http://www.kewbooks.com/asps/ShowDetails.asp?id=506. 
  4. ^ a b Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website Version 9, June 2008 Mobot.org
  5. ^ Wiktionary. "Faba". Searched November, 2011. http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/faba
  6. ^ International Code of Botanical Nomenclature Art. 18.5 (Vienna Code)
  7. ^ NOTE: The subfamilial name Papilionoideae for Faboideae is approved by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, as is 'Leguminosae' for the Fabaceae sensu lato.
  8. ^ a b c Martin F. Wojciechowski, Johanna Mahn, and Bruce Jones (2006). "Fabaceae". The Tree of Life Web Project. http://tolweb.org/Fabaceae/21093/2006.06.14. 
  9. ^ H?l?ne L. Citerne, R. Toby Pennington, and Quentin C. B. Cronk (August 8, 2006). "An apparent reversal in floral symmetry in the legume Cadia is a homeotic transformation". PNAS 103 (32): 12017?12020. doi:10.1073/pnas.0600986103. PMC 1567690. PMID 16880394. http://www.pnas.org/content/103/32/12017.full 
  10. ^ Schrire, B. D.; Lavin, M.; Lewis, G. P. (2005). "Global distribution patterns of the Leguminosae: insights from recent phylogenies". In Friis, I; Balslev, H.. Plant diversity and complexity patterns: local, regional and global dimensions. Biologiske Skrifter. 55. Viborg, Denmark: Special-Trykkeriet Viborg A/S. pp. 375?422. ISBN 8773043044. 
  11. ^ Pan, Aaron D.; Jacobs, Bonnie F.; Herendeen, Patrick S. (2010). "Detarieae sensu lato (Fabaceae) from the Late Oligocene (27.23 Ma) Guang River flora of north-western Ethiopia". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 163: 44. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2010.01044.x. 
  12. ^ Doyle, J. J.; Luckow, MA (2003). "The Rest of the Iceberg. Legume Diversity and Evolution in a Phylogenetic Context". Plant Physiology 131 (3): 900?10. doi:10.1104/pp.102.018150. PMC 1540290. PMID 12644643. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1540290. 
  13. ^ Yokota, Keisuke; Hayashi, Makoto (2011). "Function and evolution of nodulation genes in legumes". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 68 (8): 1341?51. doi:10.1007/s00018-011-0651-4. PMID 21380559. 
  14. ^ Markmann, Katharina; Giczey, G?bor; Parniske, Martin (2008). "Functional Adaptation of a Plant Receptor- Kinase Paved the Way for the Evolution of Intracellular Root Symbioses with Bacteria". PLoS Biology 6 (3): e68. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060068. PMC 2270324. PMID 18318603. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2270324. 
  15. ^ Rodr?guez-Llorente, Ignacio D.; P?rez-Hormaeche, Javier; Mounadi, Kaoutar El; Dary, Mohammed; Caviedes, Miguel A.; Cosson, Viviane; Kondorosi, Adam; Ratet, Pascal et al (2004). "From pollen tubes to infection threads: Recruitment ofMedicagofloral pectic genes for symbiosis". The Plant Journal 39 (4): 587?98. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02155.x. PMID 15272876. 
  16. ^ Downie, J. Allan (2005). "Legume Haemoglobins: Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation Needs Bloody Nodules". Current Biology 15 (6): R196?8. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005.03.007. PMID 15797009. 
  17. ^ Sprent, Janet I. (2009). Legume Nodulation: A Global Perspective. Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 12. ISBN 1405181753. http://www.sprentland.com/index.php?pr=Janet.  Preview available at Google Books.
  18. ^ The gene bank and breeding of grain legumes (lupine, vetch, soya and beah) / B.S. Kurlovich and S.I. Repyev (Eds.), - St. Petersburg, The N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry, 1995, 438p. - (Theoretical basis of plant breeding. V.111)

External links

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Taxonomy

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The Family Fabaceae is further organized into finer groupings including:

Genera

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Achyronia

[more]

Acmispon

Acmispon is a genus that includes several species of North American bird's-foot trefoils and deervetches formerly contained in the globally distributed genus Lotus [more]

Acosmium

Acosmium Schott is a South America genus of Leguminosae (Fabaceae). Three species are currently recognized. Most Acosmium species have been recently transferred to Leptolobium Vogel (Fabaceae), and one species to the South American Guianodendron Sch. Rodr. & A.M.G. Azevedo (Fabaceae). [more]

Acuan

[more]

Acuania

[more]

Adenodolichos

Adenodolichos is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the sub family Faboideae. [more]

Adenolobus

Adenolobus is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the sub family Caesalpinioideae. [more]

Adenopodia

Adenopodia is a genus of legume in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Adianthum

[more]

Aenictophyton

Aenictophyton is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the sub family Faboideae. [more]

Afgekia

Afgekia is a small genus of large perennial climbing shrubs native to Asia, reminiscent of the related genus Wisteria. The genus was named from the initials of Arthur Francis George Kerr (1877?1942), an Irish-born plant collector who worked in then-Siam in the early twentieth century. [more]

Afrormosia

Pericopsis elata, the African Teak, Afromosia, or Afrormosia, is a species of legume in the Fabaceae family. It is found in Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Ghana, and Nigeria. [more]

Aganope

Aganope is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the sub family Faboideae. This genus may be synonymous with Ostryocarpus. [more]

Agati

[more]

Airyantha

Airyantha is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the sub family Faboideae. [more]

Alantsilodendron

Alantsilodendron is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the sub family Mimosoideae. [more]

Albizzia

Albizia is a genus of about 150 species of mostly fast-growing subtropical and tropical trees and shrubs in the subfamily Mimosoideae of the legume family, Fabaceae. The genus is pantropical, occurring in Asia, Africa, Madagascar, Central, South, and southern North America and Australia, but mostly in the Old World tropics. Some species are considered weedy. [more]

Alepidocalyx

[more]

Alexa

Alexa can refer to: [more]

Alistilus

Alistilus is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the sub family Faboideae. [more]

Almaleea

Almaleea is a genus of perennial shrubs from the legume family Fabaceae native to Australia. [more]

Amarenus

[more]

Amblygonocarpus

Amblygonocarpus is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the sub family Mimosoideae. [more]

Amburana

Amburana is a genus of legume in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Amerimnon

[more]

Amicia

Amicia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the sub family Faboideae. It is named in honor of the Italian astronomer, mathematician and microscopist Giovanni Battista Amici (1786 ? 1863). [more]

Ammodendron

Ammodendron is a genus of flowering plants, called the sand acacias, in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Faboideae. Its name is derived from the Greek ammos ("sand") and d??d??? dendron ("tree"). [more]

Ammothamnus

[more]

Amoria

MapleStory (: ) is a free-of-charge, 2D, side-scrolling massively multiplayer online role-playing game developed by the South Korean company Wizet. Several versions of the game are available for specific countries or regions, and each is published by various companies such as Wizet and Nexon. Although playing the game is free, character appearances and gameplay enhancements can be purchased from the "Cash Shop" using real money. MapleStory has a combined total of over 50 million subscriber accounts in all of its versions. MapleStory North America (Global), for players mainly in North America and outside of East Asia, Southeast Asia and Europe, has over three million players. [more]

Amphicarpa

[more]

Amphicarpaea

Amphicarpaea is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the sub family Faboideae. [more]

Amphimas

Amphimas is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the sub family Faboideae. [more]

Amphinomia

[more]

Amphiodon

[more]

Amphodus

[more]

Amphymenium

[more]

Anarthrophyllum

Anarthrophyllum is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the sub family Faboideae. [more]

Anarthrosyne

[more]

Ancistrotropis

[more]

Ancylocalyx

[more]

Androcalymma

Androcalymma is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the sub family Caesalpinioideae. [more]

Angylocalyx

Angylocalyx is a genus of legume in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Anil

[more]

Anila

In Hinduism, Anila (Sanskrit: ????; meaning Wind) is one of the Vasus, gods of the elements of the cosmos. He is equated with the wind god Vayu, Anila being understood as the name normally used for Vayu when numbered among the Vasus. [more]

Aniotum

[more]

Anisolotus

[more]

Anneslia

[more]

Antheroporum

Antheroporum is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the sub family Faboideae. [more]

Aotus

Aotus may refer to: [more]

Aphyllodium

Aphyllodium is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the sub family Faboideae. [more]

Apodynomene

[more]

Apoleya

[more]

Apoplanesia

Apoplanesia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the sub family Faboideae. [more]

Aporanthus

[more]

Apuleia

Apuleia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the sub family Caesalpinioideae. [more]

Apurimacia

Apurimacia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the sub family Faboideae. [more]

Aragallus

[more]

Arapatiella

Arapatiella is a genus of legume in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Archidendropsis

Archidendropsis is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae. [more]

Arcoa

Arcoa is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the sub family Caesalpinioideae. [more]

Arcyphyllum

[more]

Arthrocarpum

[more]

Arthroclianthus

Arthroclianthus is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the sub family Faboideae. [more]

Arthrosamanea

[more]

Artrolobium

[more]

Aspalanthus

[more]

Astrolobium

[more]

Astrophia

[more]

Astyposanthes

[more]

Atelophragma

[more]

Atylosia

The genus Cajanus is a member of the family Fabaceae. There are 37 species, mainly distributed across Africa, Asia and Australasia. [more]

Aubretia

[more]

Augouardia

Augouardia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the sub family Caesalpinioideae. [more]

Austrodolichos

Austrodolichos is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the sub family Faboideae. [more]

Austrosteenisia

Austrosteenisia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the sub family Faboideae. [more]

Balboa

Balboa may refer to: Vasco N??ez de Balboa (c. 1470?1519), Spanish explorer [more]

Balisaea

[more]

Baphiastrum

[more]

Baphiopsis

[more]

Barklya

[more]

Barnebyella

[more]

Bartlingia

[more]

Baryxylum

[more]

Batesia

[more]

Batidophaca

[more]

Baudouinia

[more]

Bauerella

[more]

Baueropsis

[more]

Behaimia

Behaimia is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Belairia

Belairia is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Beliceodendron

[more]

Bembicidium

[more]

Benthamantha

[more]

Bergeronia

[more]

Biancaea

[more]

Bikinia

[more]

Bionia

[more]

Bobgunnia

[more]

Bolusanthus

[more]

Bolusia

[more]

Bonduc

[more]

Bonjeanea

[more]

Borbonia

[more]

Botor

[more]

Bowdichia

[more]

Bowringia

[more]

Brachycylix

[more]

Brachyphragma

[more]

Brachysema

Gastrolobium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. There are over 100 species in this genus, and all but two are native to the south west region of Western Australia. [more]

Bradburya

[more]

Bradleya

[more]

Brandzeia

[more]

Brasilettia

[more]

Brissonia

[more]

Brittonamra

[more]

Brodriguesia

[more]

Bryaspis

[more]

Buchenroedera

[more]

Bujacia

[more]

Burgesia

[more]

Burkilliodendron

[more]

Burtonia

Burtonia is a genus in the pea family, Fabaceae. Some authorities treat the genus as synonymous with Gompholobium. [more]

Bussea

Bussea is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Cacara

[more]

Cailliea

[more]

Cajalbania

[more]

Cajan

[more]

Caju

[more]

Calia

Calia is a genus of three or four species of shrubs and small trees in the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family, Fabaceae. The genus is native to southwestern North America from western Texas to New Mexico and Arizona in the United States, and south through Chihuahua, Coahuila and Nuevo Le?n in northern Mexico. Members of the genus are commonly known as Mescalbean, Mescal Bean or Frijolito. One of the common names of C. secundiflora is Texas Mountain Laurel, although the name Mountain Laurel also refers to the very dissimilar and unrelated genus Kalmia (family Ericaceae) and the name laurel refers generally to plants in the unrelated order Laurales. [more]

Calicotome

[more]

Calispepla

[more]

Callerya

[more]

Callicarpinia

[more]

Callicysthus

[more]

Callistachys

[more]

Callistylon

[more]

Callotropis

[more]

Calpocalyx

Calpocalyx is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Calpurnia

Calpurnia can refer to: [more]

Calycotome

[more]

Camplyotropis

[more]

Campsiandra

[more]

Canavallia

[more]

Candolleodendron

[more]

Cantharospermum

[more]

Cantuffa

[more]

Carissoa

[more]

Carpopogon

[more]

Cascaronia

[more]

Casparea

[more]

Cathartocarpus

[more]

Cathormion

[more]

Caulinia

[more]

Cedrelinga

[more]

Cenostigma

[more]

Centrolobium

Centrolobium is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Chadsia

[more]

Chamaecystis

[more]

Chamaecytisus

Chamaecytisus is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the sub family Faboideae. It may be synonymous with Cytisus. [more]

Chamaesenna

[more]

Chamaespartium

[more]

Chasmone

[more]

Cheilococca

[more]

Chesniella

[more]

Chidlowia

[more]

Chirocalyx

[more]

Chloroleucon

Chloroleucon is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae. Some authorities consider it part of the genus Albizia. The generic name is derived from the Greek words ?????? (chloros), meaning "green," and ?e???? (leukos), meaning "white." [more]

Chordospartium

Chordospartium is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Chrysocalyx

[more]

Cladastris

[more]

Cladrastris

[more]

Clathrotropis

[more]

Cleobulia

[more]

Clidanthera

[more]

Clitoriopsis

[more]

Cnemidophacos

[more]

Cochlianthus

[more]

Coelidium

[more]

Collaea

[more]

Colophospermum

The mopane or mopani (Colophospermum mopane) tree grows in hot, dry, low-lying areas, 200 to 1,150 metres (660 to 3,770 ft) in elevation, in the far northern parts of southern Africa, into South Africa, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Botswana, Zambia, Namibia, Angola and Malawi. The tree only occurs in Africa and is the only species in genus Colophospermum. The species name mopane is taken from the local name for the tree. The mopane is in the legume family (Fabaceae). [more]

Conzattia

[more]

Copaiba

Copaiba is a stimulant oleoresin obtained from the trunk of several pinnate-leaved South American leguminous trees (genus Copaifera). The thick, transparent exudate varies in color from light gold to dark brown, depending on the ratio of resin to essential oil. Copaiba is used in making varnishes and lacquers. [more]

Copaiva

[more]

Copisma

Rhynchosia (Snoutbean) is a genus of plants in the Fabaceae family. [more]

Corallodendron

[more]

Corallospartium

[more]

Corethrodendron

[more]

Corothamnus

[more]

Coulteria

[more]

Coumarouna

[more]

Cranocarpus

[more]

Craspedolobium

[more]

Cratylia

Cratylia is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Crotolaria

Herbs or shrubs. Leaf simple or palmately trifoliolate or rarely up to 7-foliolate, generally stipulate. Inflorescence a raceme, terminal or leaf opposed. Bracts and bracteoles small or absent. Calyx teeth linear, lanceolate, subequal, free or the upper 2 fused, forming a lip. Vexillum orbicular, rarely ovate. Wing shorter than the standard. Keel incurved, beaked. Stamens monadelphous, anthers dimorphic. Ovary generally sessile, 2-many ovuled, style incurved, bearded above, stigma small, rarely bilobed. Fruit sessile or stipitate, globose or linear-oblong, turgid or inflated, 2-many seeded, continuous within.[1] [more]

Cruddasia

[more]

Cruminium

[more]

Cryptosema

[more]

Ctenophyllum

Cupulanthus

[more]

Cyanothyrsus

[more]

Cyathostegia

[more]

Cyclocarpa

[more]

Cyclogyne

[more]

Cyclolobium

[more]

Cylindrokelupha

[more]

Cylista

Cymbosema

[more]

Cystium

[more]

Cystius

Cytisanthus

[more]

Dahlstedtia

[more]

Dalhousiea

[more]

Damapana

[more]

Daniella

Daubentonia

[more]

Decorsea

Decorsea is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Deguelia

[more]

Delaria

Desmodiastrum

[more]

Despeleza

[more]

Dewevrea

[more]

Dialum

Dicerma

[more]

Dichilus

[more]

Dichosema

[more]

Dicorynia

[more]

Dicraeopetalum

Dicraeopetalum is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Dictyosperma

[more]

Didelotia

Didelotia is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Diholcos

[more]

Dimerostema

Diphaca

[more]

Diphyllarium

[more]

Diptychandra

[more]

Discolobium

[more]

Distemonanthus

[more]

Disynstemon

[more]

Ditremexa

[more]

Dolicholus

Rhynchosia (Snoutbean) is a genus of plants in the Fabaceae family. [more]

Dolichopsis

[more]

Dorycnium

[more]

Dorycnopsis

[more]

Drepanocarpus

[more]

Drepanolobus

[more]

Droogmansia

[more]

Dumasia

[more]

Duparquetia

[more]

Dupuya

[more]

Dussia

Dussia is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Dysolobium

[more]

Ecastaphyllum

[more]

Edwardsia

Edwardsia is a genus of , the type of the family Edwardsiidae. They have eight mesenteries and live in tubes in the sand. The name, in New Latin, commemorates French zoologist Henri Milne-Edwards (died 1885). [more]

Eleiotis

[more]

Eligmocarpus

[more]

Emelista

[more]

Emerus

Eminia

The Grey-capped Warbler (Eminia lepida) is a species of bird in the Cisticola family Cisticolidae. It is the only species in the genus Eminia. The Grey-capped warbler is found in Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, Tanzania, and Uganda. [more]

Endertia

[more]

Endiusa

[more]

Endosamara

[more]

Entadopsis

[more]

Erichsenia

[more]

Erophaca

[more]

Ervum

[more]

Erythrophloeum

Etaballia

[more]

Euchilopisis

Euchilopsis

[more]

Euchilus

[more]

Eurypetalum

Eurypetalum is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Eutaxia

Eutaxia is a genus of the family . They are native to Australia. Most are endemic to the Southwest Botanical Province of Western Australia, but a few are distributed throughout mainland Australia. [more]

Exostyles

[more]

Faba

Vicia faba, the Broad Bean, Fava Bean, Faba Bean, Field Bean, Bell Bean or Tic Bean is a species of (Fabaceae) native to north Africa and southwest Asia, and extensively cultivated elsewhere. A variety is provisionally recognized: [more]

Fabricia

[more]

Fagelia

[more]

Falcatula

[more]

Fiebrigiella

[more]

Fillaea

[more]

Fillaeopsis

[more]

Fissicalyx

[more]

Fordia

Fordia is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Gagnebina

[more]

Galedupa

[more]

Geissaspis

[more]

Genistella

[more]

Genistoides

[more]

Geoffroea

Geoffroea is a rather small genus of wild spiny shrubs or small trees of tropical and subtropical South America. Although it gathers few species, they are highly extended geographically throughout the subcontinent. Each species is well known in its local area, as seen from the varied (and mostly domestic) usage of these trees as food, timber or fuel. [more]

Geoprumnon

[more]

Gigasiphon

Gigasiphon is a genus of legume in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Gilletiodendron

Gilletiodendron is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Gleditschia

[more]

Glottis

Glycinopsis

[more]

Glyricidia

Goniorrhachis

[more]

Goodia

Goodia is a in the pea family, Fabaceae. The genus consists of two species, both native to Australia: [more]

Gourliea

[more]

Grazielodendron

[more]

Griffonia

[more]

Grimaldia

[more]

Grona

[more]

Guianodendron

[more]

Guilandina

[more]

Haematoxylon

[more]

Hallia

Hammatalobium

[more]

Hammatolobium

[more]

Hardenbergia

Hardenbergia is a small genus of leguminous vines from Australia. The genus was named in honour of , by English botanist George Bentham, in 1837. [more]

Hardinbergia

[more]

Hardwickia

[more]

Harleyodendron

[more]

Harvardia

[more]

Hebestigma

[more]

Hegnera

[more]

Herpyza

[more]

Hesperolaburnum

[more]

Hesperothamnus

[more]

Hippomanica

[more]

Hoffmanseggia

[more]

Holcophacos

[more]

Holocalyx

[more]

Homalobus

[more]

Hosackia

[more]

Humboldtia

Humboldtia is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Humularia

[more]

Hybosema

[more]

Hydrochorea

Hydrochorea is a legume genus in the subfamily Mimosoideae. It contains a mere 3 species at present: [more]

Hylodendron

[more]

Hylodesmum

[more]

Hymenocarpus

[more]

Hymenoloma

[more]

Hymenostegia

Hymenostegia is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Hypechusa

[more]

Icuria

[more]

Indigastrum

[more]

Indopiptadenia

[more]

Inga

Inga is a of tropical trees and shrubs, member of the infrafamily Ingeae. Inga's leaves are pinnate, and flowers are generally white. Many of the hundreds of species are used ornamentally. [more]

Isotropis

[more]

Jacqueshuberia

Jacqueshuberia is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Jansonia

[more]

Kaleniczenkia

[more]

Kebirita

[more]

Kennedya

[more]

Kentrophyta

[more]

Kerstingiella

[more]

Klugiodendron

[more]

Kraunhia

[more]

Kuhnistera

[more]

Kunstleria

[more]

Lablad

Lackeya

[more]

Lagonychium

[more]

Lagopus

Lagopus is a small genus of birds in the grouse subfamily. It contains three existing species. [more]

Lalage

Lalage " class="IPA">'l?l?d?i?) is a female given name, of Latin origin. It may be used as follows. [more]

Lamiophlomis

[more]

Lamprolobium

[more]

Lasiobema

[more]

Lathryus

Latrobea

[more]

Lebruniodendron

[more]

Lembotropis

[more]

Lemurodendron

[more]

Lemuropisum

[more]

Lennea

Lennea is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Leobordea

[more]

Leonardoxa

[more]

Leptocytisus

[more]

Leptoderris

[more]

Leptodesmia

[more]

Leptosema

Leptosema is an genus from the legume family Fabaceae. [more]

Lespideza

Leucochloron

Leucochloron is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Leucomphalos

[more]

Leucostegane

Leucostegane is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Librevillea

[more]

Lingoum

[more]

Loesenera

Loesenera is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Lophocarpinia

[more]

Lotodes

[more]

Lourea

Loureira

[more]

Loxidium

[more]

Luetzelburgia

[more]

Lumbricidia

[more]

Lupinaster

[more]

Lupins

Lupinus, commonly known as Lupins or lupines (North America), is a genus in the legume family (Fabaceae). The genus comprises about 280 species (Hughes), with major centers of diversity in South and western North America (Subgen. Platycarpos (Wats.) Kurl.), and the Andes and secondary centers in the Mediterranean region and Africa (Subgen. Lupinus). [more]

Luzonia

[more]

Lygos

[more]

Lysidice

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Lysiphyllum

[more]

Macropsychanthus

[more]

Macrosamanea

Macrosamanea is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Manna

[more]

Marcanthus

[more]

Margaritolobium

[more]

Marmaroxylon

[more]

Martiodendron

[more]

Mastersia

[more]

Mecopus

[more]

Medica

[more]

Meizotropis

[more]

Melliniella

[more]

Melolobium

Melolobium is a genus of 15 species of flowering plants belonging to the family (Fabaceae). It is native to southern Africa, where it is found in south and east Namibia, southwest Botswana, and most of South Africa. [more]

Mendoravia

[more]

Menkenia

[more]

Metrocynia

[more]

Michelsonia

[more]

Micrantheum

Micrantheum is a genus of plants under the family Picrodendraceae. It is found in Australia. [more]

Microcharis

[more]

Microlobius

[more]

Mildbraediodendron

[more]

Mimosopsis

[more]

Minkelersia

[more]

Moghania

[more]

Moldenhawera

[more]

Molopospermum

[more]

Monopteryx

[more]

Mora

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Moullava

[more]

Muellera

[more]

Muelleranthus

[more]

Mundulea

[more]

Myobroma

[more]

Myrocarpus

Myrocarpus is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Mysanthus

[more]

Negretia

[more]

Nematophyllum

Nemcia

[more]

Neoapaloxylon

[more]

Neochevalierodendron

[more]

Neocollettia

[more]

Neorautanenia

[more]

Nepa

[more]

Nephrodesmus

[more]

Nesphostylis

[more]

Nicolsonia

[more]

Nomismia

Rhynchosia (Snoutbean) is a genus of plants in the Fabaceae family. [more]

Notodon

[more]

Notonia

[more]

Notospartium

Notospartium is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Obolinga

[more]

Oddoniodendron

[more]

Ohwia

[more]

Ononsis

[more]

Ophiocarpus

[more]

Ophrestia

[more]

Ormocarpopsis

Ormocarpopsis is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Orobus

Orobus is an old genus of family, which is now divided in the following genera: Lathyrus, Vicia, and Vavilovia. [more]

Orophaca

[more]

Orphanodendron

Orphanodendron is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Oryxis

[more]

Ostryocarpus

[more]

Ostryoderris

[more]

Otion

Otoptera

[more]

Otosema

[more]

Ottleya

[more]

Oxystigma

Oxystigma is a genus of about five species of legume in the Fabaceae family. Four species are native to rain forests of western and central Africa and one, Oxystigma msoo, is native to eastern Africa. [more]

Pachecoa

[more]

Pachyelasma

[more]

Pahudia

[more]

Painteria

[more]

Paloveopsis

[more]

Panurea

[more]

Paraberlinia

Paracalyx

Paracalyx is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Paramachaerium

Paramachaerium is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Paramacrolobium

[more]

Parapiptadenia

[more]

Pararchidendron

[more]

Paratephrosia

[more]

Parosela

[more]

Parvileguminophyllum

Patagonium

[more]

Pauletia

[more]

Pearsonia

[more]

Peltiera

[more]

Pentadynamis

[more]

Periandra

[more]

Perlebia

Petaladenium

[more]

Petalostylis

[more]

Phanera

[more]

Phaselous

Phaseolites

Phaseoloides

[more]

Phellocarpus

[more]

Philenoptera

[more]

Phylacium

[more]

Phyllocarpus

[more]

Phyllodium

[more]

Phyllolobium

[more]

Phyllota

Phyllota is an Australian genus from the family Fabaceae, a biological grouping of flowering plants. [more]

Physocalyx

Physolobium

[more]

Piliostigma

[more]

Piptadeniastrum

[more]

Piptadeniopsis

[more]

Piptomeris

[more]

Pisophaca

[more]

Pitcheria

Rhynchosia (Snoutbean) is a genus of plants in the Fabaceae family. [more]

Pithecolobium

[more]

Pityrocarpa

Pityrocarpa is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the sub family Mimosoideae. [more]

Placolobium

[more]

Plagiocarpus

[more]

Plagiolobium

[more]

Plagiosiphon

Plagiosiphon is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Plathymenia

Plathymenia is a genus of legume in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Platycelyphium

[more]

Platychilum

[more]

Platycyamus

[more]

Platylobium

Platylobium is a genus of shrubs in the Fabaceae family. Native to south eastern Australia, they occur in a range of habitats of the coastal regions. The genus was first described by James Edward Smith, and is closely allied to another genera within the bossiaeeae grouping, Bossiaea. [more]

Platymiscium

Platymiscium is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It has a Neotropical distribution, from northern Mexico to southern Brazil. It contains 19 species (29 taxa, including subspecies and varieties) according to Klitgaard (2005). It contains the following species: [more]

Platypodium

[more]

Pleiospora

Pleurolobus

[more]

Pocockia

[more]

Podocytisus

Podocytisus is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the sub family Faboideae. [more]

Podolobium

[more]

Podolotus

[more]

Podopetalum

Poeppigia

[more]

Poinciana

A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]

Poiretia

[more]

Poissonia

Poissonia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the sub family Faboideae. [more]

Polhillia

[more]

Polystemonanthus

[more]

Pomaria

The name Pomaria can refer to: [more]

Pongamia

Pongamia is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Poponax

[more]

Possira

[more]

Priestleya

[more]

Prioria

[more]

Priotropis

[more]

Prosopidastrum

[more]

Prosopsis

[more]

Pseudalbizzia

[more]

Pseudarthria

[more]

Pseudeminia

[more]

Pseudoentada

[more]

Pseudoeriosema

[more]

Pseudolotus

[more]

Pseudomacrolobium

[more]

Pseudopiptadenia

[more]

Pseudoprosopis

[more]

Pseudosamanea

Pseudosamanea cubana is a tree species in the legume family (Fabaceae). It is found only in Cuba. [more]

Pseudosindora

[more]

Pseudovigna

[more]

Psorodendron

[more]

Pterodon

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Pterygopodium

[more]

Ptycholobium

[more]

Ptychosema

[more]

Punjuba

[more]

Pycnospora

[more]

Pyranthus

[more]

Racosperma

Racosperma is a name proposed for the 980 odd Australian members of the genus Acacia which belong to the subfamily Mimosoideae of the Pea Family Fabaceae, first described from Africa by C. F. P. Martius in 1829. [more]

Radiusia

[more]

Ramorinoa

[more]

Rehsonia

[more]

Requienia

[more]

Rhodopis

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[2] [more]

Riedeliella

[more]

Robynsiophyton

[more]

Roea

[more]

Rothia

[more]

Rudolphia

[more]

Rudua

[more]

Sakoanala

Sakoanala is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Samanea

[more]

Sarcodum

[more]

Sarothamnus

[more]

Sartoria

[more]

Schefflerodendron

Schefflerodendron is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Schizolobium

[more]

Schnella

[more]

Schrankia

[more]

Sclerothamnus

[more]

Scorodophloeus

[more]

Scorpiurus

[more]

Scorpius

Scorpius, sometimes known as Scorpio, is one of the constellations of the zodiac. Its name is Latin for scorpion, and its symbol is Scorpio.svg (Unicode ). It lies between Libra to the west and Sagittarius to the east. It is a large constellation located in the southern hemisphere near the center of the Milky Way. [more]

Securigera

The genus Securigera contains the . It is a segregate genus of the genus Coronilla. [more]

Sellocharis

[more]

Sericandra

[more]

Sertula

[more]

Sesban

[more]

Shuteria

[more]

Siler

In the science fiction television shows Stargate SG-1 and Stargate Atlantis, Tau'ri refers to humans who originated on Earth. Being set on Earth, SG-1 obviously has a large number of Tau'ri characters. As such, this list is not exhaustive, but lists some of the major characters of the series, or those whose role has been significant in any way. [more]

Siliquastrum

[more]

Sindora

Sindora is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Sindoropsis

[more]

Sinodolichos

[more]

Soemmeringia

[more]

Solulus

[more]

Spadostyles

[more]

Spartidium

[more]

Spartocytisus

Spathionema

[more]

Spatholobus

[more]

Sphaerolobium

[more]

Sphinctolobium

[more]

Sphinga

[more]

Spiesia

[more]

Spirolobium

Spirotropis

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Spongiocarpella

[more]

Stachyothyrsus

[more]

Stauracanthus

Stella

Stella is the Latin and Italian for "star". [more]

Stemonocoleus

[more]

Stenodrepanum

[more]

Stenolobium

[more]

Stirtonanthus

[more]

Stizolobium

[more]

Stonesiella

[more]

Storckiella

Storckiella is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Strombocarpa

[more]

Stuhlmannia

A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]

Styphnolobium

Styphnolobium is a small genus of three or four species of small trees and shrubs in the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family Fabaceae, formerly included within a broader interpretation of the genus Sophora. The species of Styphnolobium differ from Sophora in lacking the ability to form symbioses with rhizobia (nitrogen fixing bacteria) on their roots. They also differ from the related genus Calia (mescalbeans) in having deciduous leaves and flowers in axillary, not terminal, racemes. The leaves are pinnate, with 9-21 leaflets, and the flowers in pendulous racemes similar to those of the Black locust. [more]

Sulla

Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (c. 138 BC ? 78 BC), known commonly as Sulla, was a Roman general and statesman. He had the rare distinction of holding the office of consul twice, as well as that of dictator. He was one of the canonical great men of Roman history, included in the biographical collections of leading generals and politicians, originating in the biographical compendium of famous Romans, published by Marcus Terentius Varro. In Plutarch's Sulla, in the famous series - Parallel Lives, Sulla is paired with the Spartan general and strategist Lysander. [more]

Sweetia

[more]

Sylitra

[more]

Sylvichadsia

[more]

Sympetalandra

Sympetalandra is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Syrmatium

[more]

Tachigalia

[more]

Tadehagi

[more]

Talbotiella

Talbotiella is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Tara

Tara, tara or TARA may refer to [more]

Taverniera

Taverniera is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Telinaria

[more]

Teline

[more]

Templetonia

Templetonia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. They are native to Australia. The genus is named in honour of John Templeton, an Irish naturalist and botanist. [more]

Ternatea

[more]

Terua

Terua is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Tetraberlinia

Tetraberlinia is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Tetragonolobus

[more]

Tetragonolubus

Tetrapleura

[more]

Tetrapterocarpon

[more]

Teyleria

[more]

Thermia

Thermia is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Endodontidae. [more]

Thlaspidium

[more]

Thornbera

[more]

Thylacanthus

[more]

Tibetia

[more]

Ticanto

[more]

Tipuana

Tipuana belongs to subfamily Faboideae of the legume family Fabaceae. It has sessile leaves, and produces samara (fruit). [more]

Tium

[more]

Toluifera

[more]

Tounatea

[more]

Trachylobium

[more]

Tragacantha

[more]

Trifidacanthus

[more]

Trifoliastrum

[more]

Trifoloium

Tripodion

[more]

Tylosema

The Tylosema is in the plant family Fabaceae. [more]

Uittienia

[more]

Uleanthus

[more]

Umtiza

Umtiza is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Urariopsis

[more]

Uribea

[more]

Urodon

Urodon is a small genus from the family Fabaceae native to southwestern Australia. [more]

Ursia

[more]

Vandasina

[more]

Vatairea

[more]

Vataireopsis

[more]

Vatovaea

[more]

Vaughania

Vaughania is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Verdcourtia

[more]

Vexibia

[more]

Vicioides

Viguieranthus

[more]

Viminaria

Viminaria juncea is the single species in the genus Viminaria endemic to . The genus is in the family Fabaceae. It is colloquially known as native broom after its resemblance to the related European Broom plants. [more]

Voandzeia

[more]

Vouacapoua

Vouacapoua is a genus of in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Vouapa

[more]

Vuapa

[more]

Wajira

[more]

Wallaceodendron

[more]

Walpersia

[more]

Weberbauerella

Weberbauerella is a genus of herb, currently containing a single accepted species Weberbauerella brongniartioides. [more]

Westia

[more]

Whitfordiodendron

[more]

Wiborgia

Wiborgia is an African genus of the family Fabaceae. It was named for Erik Viborg by Carl Peter Thunberg. [more]

Willardia

[more]

Wistaria

[more]

Xerocladia

[more]

Xeroderris

[more]

Xipotheca

[more]

Xylophacos

[more]

Zapoteca

[more]

Zenkerella

Zenkerella is a genus of legume in the Fabaceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Zichya

[more]

Zuccagnia

[more]

At least 6 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Zuccagnia.

More info about the Genus Zuccagnia may be found here.

References

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  1. ^ a b c Wojciechowski, M. F.; Lavin, M.; Sanderson, M. J. (2004). "A phylogeny of legumes (Leguminosae) based on analysis of the plastid matK gene resolves many well-supported subclades within the family". American Journal of Botany 91 (11): 1846?62. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.11.1846. PMID 21652332. 
  2. ^ "GRIN-CA". http://pgrc3.agr.ca/cgi-bin/npgs/html/family.pl?440. Retrieved 2002-09-01. < /li>
  3. ^ a b Schrire, B. D.; Lewis, G. P.; Lavin, M. (2005). "Biogeography of the Leguminosae". In Lewis, G; Schrire, G.; Mackinder, B. et al. Legumes of the world. Kew, England: Royal Botanic Gardens. pp. 21?54. ISBN 1900347806. http://www.kewbooks.com/asps/ShowDetails.asp?id=506. 
  4. ^ a b Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website Version 9, June 2008 Mobot.org
  5. ^ Wiktionary. "Faba ". Searched November, 2011. http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/faba
  6. ^ International Code of Botanical Nomenclature Art. 18.5 (Vienna Code)
  7. ^ NOTE: The subfamilial name Papilionoideae for Faboideae is approved by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, as is 'Leguminosae' for the Fabaceae sensu lato.
  8. ^ a b c Martin F. Wojciechowski, Johanna Mahn, and Bruce Jones (2006). "Fabaceae". The Tree of Life Web Project. http://tolweb.org/Fabaceae/21093/2006.06.14. 
  9. ^ H?l?ne L. Citerne, R. Toby Pennington, and Quentin C. B. Cronk (August 8, 2006). "An apparent reversal in floral symmetry in the legume Cadia is a homeotic transformation". PNAS 103 (32): 12017?12020. doi:10.1073/pnas.0600986103. PMC 1567690. PMID 16880394. http://www.pnas.org/content/103/32/12017.full 
  10. ^ Schrire, B. D.; Lavin, M.; Lewis, G. P. (2005). "Global distribution patterns of the Leguminosae: insights from recent phylogenies". In Friis, I; Balslev, H.. Plant diversit y and complexity patterns: local, regional and global dimensions. Biologiske Skrifter. 55. Viborg, Denmark: Special-Trykkeriet Viborg A/S. pp. 375?422. ISBN 8773043044. 
  11. ^ Pan, Aaron D.; Jacobs, Bonnie F.; Herendeen, Patrick S. (2010). "Detarieae sensu lato (Fabaceae) from the Late Oligocene (27.23 Ma) Guang River flora of north-western Ethiopia". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 163: 44. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2010.01044.x. 
  12. ^ Doyle, J. J.; Luckow, MA (2003). "The Rest of the Iceberg. Legume Diversity and Evolution in a Phylogenetic Context". Plant Physiology 131 (3): 900?10. doi:10.1104/pp.102. 018150. PMC 1540290. PMID 12644643. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1540290. 
  13. ^ Yokota, Keisuke; Hayashi, Makoto (2011). "Function and evolution of nodulation genes in legumes". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 68 (8): 1341?51. doi:10.1007/s00018-011-0651-4. PMID 21380559. 
  14. ^ Markmann, Katharina; Giczey, G?bor; Parniske, Martin (2008). "Functional Adaptation of a Plant Receptor- Kinase Paved the Way for the Evolution of Intracellular Root Symbioses with Bacteria". PLoS Biology 6 (3): e68. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060068. PMC 2270324. PMID 18318603. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2270324. 
  15. ^ Rodr?guez-Llorente, Ignacio D.; P?rez-Hormaeche, Javier; Mounadi, Kaoutar El; Dary, Mohammed; Caviedes, Miguel A.; Cosson, Viviane; Kondorosi, Adam; Ratet, Pascal et al (2004). "From pollen tubes to infection threads: Recruitment ofMedicagofloral pectic genes for symbiosis". The Plant Journal 39 (4): 587?98. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2004.02155.x. PMID 15272876. 
  16. ^ Downie, J. Allan (2005). "Legume Haemoglobins: Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation Needs Bloody Nodules". Current Biology 15 (6): R196?8. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005.03.007. PMID 15797009. 
  17. ^ Sprent, Janet I. (2009). Legume Nodulation: A Global Perspective. Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 12. ISBN 1405181753. http://www.sprentland.com/index.php?p r=Janet.  Preview available at Google Books.
  18. ^ The gene bank and breeding of grain legumes (lupine, vetch, soya and beah) / B.S. Kurlovich and S.I. Repyev (Eds.), - St. Petersburg, The N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry, 1995, 438p. - (Theoretical basis of plant breeding. V.111)

External links

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Bibliography

[ Back to top ]

Footnotes

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  1. "Crotolaria". in Flora of Pakistan Page 40.. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  2. http://www.ubio.org/browser/details.php?namebankID=1695

Sources

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Last Revised: August 24, 2012
2012/08/24 13:31:48