Exochordeae

• Overview
• Photos
• Taxonomy
• Genera
• Bibliography
• Footnotes
• Sources

Overview

Photos

Taxonomy

The Tribe Exochordeae is further organized into finer groupings including:

• Genus (6): Exochorda · Fagraea · Fagus · Fritillaria · Ischyrolepis · Larix
• Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 31 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in the Tribe Exochordeae.

Genera

Exochorda

Shrubs deciduous. Branches spreading; branchlets angled, glabrous; buds ± ovoid, with several imbricate scales, glabrous or subglabrous, apex obtuse or acute. Leaves petiolate; stipules absent or small and caducous; leaf blade simple, margin entire or serrate. Inflorescence a terminal raceme. Flowers rather large, more than 2 cm in diam. Hypanthium shallowly campanulate. Sepals 5, very short and broad. Petals 5, imbricate, white, oblong to broadly obovate, base attenuate into a claw. Stamens 15-30; filaments borne on margin of large disk, short. Carpels 5, connate; ovary superior, deeply furrowed, 5-loculed; styles free. Fruit a capsule, obconic, 5-angled, dehiscent along both sutures. Seeds 1 or 2, oblate, winged.^[1] [more]

Fagraea

Trees or shrubs, sometimes scandent, epiphytic or semi-epiphytic. Leaves petiolate or sometimes sessile; stipules connate into an ocrea which usually splits early into 2 axillary scales; leaf blade margin entire or rarely crenulate, veins often inconspicuous. Flowers terminal or axillary, solitary or in cymes forming racemes, corymbs, or panicles, 5-merous, large. Calyx deeply divided; lobes broad, thick, imbricate, base inside with colleters. Corolla funnelform to salverform, with a long tube; lobes shorter than tube, contorted, overlapping to right in bud. Stamens inserted at or near corolla mouth, often exserted; filaments filiform; anthers introrse. Ovary 1-locular with parietal placentation or 2-locular with axillary placentation, with many ovules per locule. Style filiform to thick; stigma capitate, obconical, peltate, or 2-cleft. Berries globose to ellipsoid, 1- or 2-locular, many-seeded. Endosperm horny.^[2] [more]

Fagus

Trees, winter-deciduous. Terminal buds present, long, tapered in maturity, all scales imbricate. Leaves: stipules prominent on new growth, soon deciduous. Leaf blade thin, secondary veins unbranched, ± parallel, extending to margin, each vein ending in acute or obscure tooth. Inflorescences unisexual, axillary in new growth leaves; staminate inflorescence lax, loosely capitate cluster of flowers; pistillate inflorescence short, stiff, cupule 1, terminal. Staminate flowers: sepals connate; stamens 6-16; pistillode typically absent. Pistillate flowers 2 per cupule; sepals distinct; carpels and styles 3. Fruits: maturation in 1st year following pollination; cupule 4-valved, valves distinct, ±completely enclosing nuts until maturity, prickly, prickles stout, unbranched, short, not obscuring surface of cupule, internal valves absent; nuts 2 per cupule, sharply 3-angled, slightly winged. x = 12.^[3] [more]

Fritillaria

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Ischyrolepis

[more]

Larix

Trees deciduous; crown sparse, open. Bark silver-gray to gray-brown on young trees, becoming reddish brown to brown, smooth initially, scaly to thickened and furrowed with age. Branches whorled; short (spur) shoots prominent on twigs 2 years or more old, each bearing leaves (needles), and often pollen cone, or seed cone; lateral long shoots (sylleptic branches) sometimes produced by current-year growth increments; leaf scars many. Buds rounded. Leaves in tufts of 10--60 on short (spur) shoots or borne singly on 1st-year long shoots, deciduous, ± flattened, with abaxial keel, sessile, base decurrent, sheath absent, apex pointed or rounded; resin canals 2. Pollen cones solitary, ovoid-cylindric, yellowish. Seed cones maturing in 1 season, persisting several years, erect, globose to ovoid, usually terminal on short shoots and thus appearing stalked, sometimes sessile on 1-year-old long shoots; scales persistent, circular to oblong-obovate, thin, lacking apophysis and umbo; bracts included or exserted. Seeds winged; cotyledons 4--6. x =12.^[4] [more]

At least 164 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Larix.

More info about the Genus Larix may be found here.

Bibliography

• Arno, S.F. and J.R. Habeck. 1972. Ecology of alpine larch (Larix lyallii Parl.) in the Pacific Northwest. Ecol. Monogr. 42: 417--450.
• Bakowsky, O.A. 1989. Phenotypic Variation in Larix lyallii and Relationships in the Larch Genus. M.Sc.F. thesis. Lakehead University.
• Carlson,C. 1965. Interspecific Hybridization of Larix occidentalis and Larix lyallii. M.Sc.F. thesis. University of Montana.
• Cooper, A. W. and E. P. Mercer. 1977. Morphological variation in Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. in North Carolina. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 93: 136-149.
• Dickinson, T.A., W.H. Parker, and R.E. Strauss. 1987. Another approach to leaf shape comparisons. Taxon 36: 1--20.
• Hardin, J. W. and G. P. Johnson. 1985. Atlas of foliar surface features in woody plants, VIII. Fagus and Castanea (Fagaceae) of eastern North America. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 112: 11-20.
• Knudsen, G.M. 1968. Chemotaxonomic Investigation of Hybridization between Larix occidentalis and Larix lyallii. M.Sc.F. thesis. University of Montana.
• Li Ping-tao in Chang Mei-chen & Qiu Lian-qing, eds. 1992. Loganiaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 61: 223-309.
• Owens, J.N. and S.Simpson. 1986. Pollen from conifers native to British Columbia. Canad. J. Forest Res. 16: 955--967.
• Parker, W.H. and T.A. Dickinson. 1990. Range-wide morphological and anatomical variation in Larix laricina. Canad. J. Bot. 68: 832--840.
• Powell, G. R. 1987. Syllepsis in Larix laricina: Analysis of tree leaders with and without sylleptic long shoots. Canad. J. Forest Res. 17: 490--498.
• Rehder, A. J. 1907. Some new or little known forms of New England trees. Rhodora 9: 109-116.
• Yü Te-tsun, Lu Ling-ti, Ku Tsue-chih, Li Chao-luan, Kuan Ke-chien & Chiang Wan-fu. 1974, 1985, 1986. Rosaceae. In: Yü Te-tsun, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 1443; 37: 1516; 38: 1133.

Footnotes

1. Ku Tsue-chih, Crinan Alexander "Exochorda". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 82. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
2. "Fagraea". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 338. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
3. Haining Qin & Peter Fritsch "Fagus". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
4. William H. Parker "Larix". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Sources

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