Overview
The Dipsacales are an order of flowering plants, included within the asterid group of dicotyledons.
Under the Cronquist system, the order included Adoxaceae, Caprifoliaceae, Dipsacaceae, and Valerianaceae. Under the more recent Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG II) system, the circumscription of the order is much the same but the families are circumscribed differently. APG includes Adoxaceae and a broadly circumscribed Caprifoliaceae, the latter including the alternatively acceptable families , Dipsacaceae, Linnaeaceae, Morinaceae, and Valerianaceae.
Under the APG II definition some well-known members of Dipsacales are honeysuckle, elder, viburnum, and valerian.
A few other families may also belong near this order. These include the Columelliaceae, Paracryphiaceae, and Sphenostemonaceae.
The evolutionary taxonomy of Dipsacales:
Adoxaceae
- Adoxa
- Sambucus
- Viburnum
Diervillaceae
- Diervilla (Bush Honeysuckle): 3 species
- Weigela: 10 species.
Caprifoliaceae
- Heptacodium (Seven-son Flower): 1 species
- Lonicera, etc.
- Leycesteria: 6 species
- Lonicera (Honeysuckle): 180 species
- Symphoricarpos (Snowberry): 17 species
- Triosteum (Horsegentian): 6 species
Linnaeaceae
- Abelia: 30 species
- Dipelta: 4 species
- Kolkwitzia (Beautybush): 1 species
- Linnaea (Twinflower): 1 species
Morinaceae
- Cryptothladia
- Morina
Dipsacaceae
- Dipsacus,
etc.
- Acanthocalyx
- Pterocephalus
- Dipsacus
- Scabiosa
- Triplostegia
Valerianaceae
- Patrina
- Nardostachys
- Centranthus
- Plectritis
- Valeriana
- Valerianella
- Fedia
- Bell, C. D., E. J. Edwards, S. T. Kim, & M. J. Donoghue. 2001. Dipsacales phylogeny based on chloroplast DNA sequences. Harvard Papers in Botany 6:481-499.
- Donoghue, M. J., C. D. Bell, & R. C. Winkworth. 2003. The evolution of reproductive characters in Dipsacales. International Journal of Plant Sciences 164:S453-S464
External links
- Dipsacales at Tree of Life
- Phylogeny of the Asteridae s. str. based on rbcL sequences, with particular reference to the Dipsacales (link to abstract)
Media related to Dipsacales at Wikimedia Commons
Taxonomy
The Order Dipsacales is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Family (8): Adoxaceae · Caprifoliaceae · Diervillaceae · Dipsacaceae · Linnaeaceae · Morinaceae · Triplostegiaceae · Valerianaceae
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 6,566 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in the Order Dipsacales.
Families
Adoxaceae
The Adoxaceae is a small family of flowering plants in the order Dipsacales, as now constituted comprising four genera and about 150-200 species. It is characterised by opposite toothed leaves, small five- or, more rarely, four-petalled flowers in cymose inflorescences, and the fruit being a drupe. They are thus similar to many Cornaceae. [more]
Caprifoliaceae
The Caprifoliaceae or honeysuckle family is a clade consisting of about 800 dicotyledonous flowering plants, with a nearly cosmopolitan distribution; centres of diversity are found in eastern North America and eastern Asia, while they are absent in tropical and southern Africa. [more]
Diervillaceae
Dipsacaceae
The Dipsacaceae, or teasel family, of the order Dipsacales contains 350 species of perennial or biennial herbs and shrubs in eleven genera. Native to most temperate climates, they are found in Europe, Asia and Africa. Some species of this family have been naturalized in other places. [more]
Linnaeaceae
Morinaceae
Triplostegiaceae
Valerianaceae
The Valerianaceae, or valerian family, of the order Dipsacales contains about 350 species in 7 genera. Plants are generally herbaceous and foliage often has a strong, disagreeable odor. They are found native in most regions of the world except for Australia. Some species are cultivated as ornamentals or used in herbal medicine for inducing relaxation and sleep. [more]
At least 133 species and subspecies belong to the Family Valerianaceae.
More info about the Family Valerianaceae may be found here.
References
- Bell, C. D., E. J. Edwards, S. T. Kim, & M. J. Donoghue. 2001. Dipsacales phylogeny based on chloroplast DNA sequences. Harvard Papers in Botany 6:481-499.
- Donoghue, M. J., C. D. Bell, & R. C. Winkworth. 2003. The evolution of reproductive characters in Dipsacales. International Journal of Plant Sciences 164:S453-S464
Sources
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