Corydaleae

• Overview
• Photos
• Taxonomy
• Genera
• Bibliography
• Footnotes
• Sources

Overview

Photos

Taxonomy

The Tribe Corydaleae is further organized into finer groupings including:

• Genus (25): Adlumia · Caladium · Cheilanthes · Corydalis · Corylopsis · Corylus · Corynocarpus · Dicentra · Digitalis · Ehrendorferia · Eucodonia · Fritillaria · Helianthus · Hemerocallis · Hypericum · Iochroma · Kalmia · Kniphofia · Lamprocapnos · Leptospermum · Leucanthemum · Mahonia · Orchis · Saxifraga · Teucrium
• Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 1,066 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in the Tribe Corydaleae.

Genera

Adlumia

Vines or vinelike caulescent herbs, biennial, perhaps also annual, from taproots. Stems developing in 2d year, climbing, usually simple. Leaves cauline, compound, petiolate; blade with 3-5 orders of leaflets and lobes; margins entire; surfaces glabrous; distal petiolules and reduced leaflets twining and tendril-like. Inflorescences axillary, cymose-paniculate, multifloral. Flowers bilaterally symmetric about each of 2 perpendicular planes; sepals caducous, peltate with attachment near base; corolla persistent, compressed-urceolate, becoming spongy; outer petals connate except at apex, base saccate, apex with erect or reflexed, ovate to deltate lobe; inner petals similar but with apical lobes connate over stigma; filaments basally connate and adnate to petals; ovary linear or narrowly oblong; style persistent; stigma ± 2-lobed. Capsules dehiscent, 2-valved. Seeds ca. 6, elaiosome absent.^[1] [more]

Caladium

Caladium is a of flowering plants in the family Araceae. They are often known by the common name elephant ear (which they share with the closely related genera Alocasia, Colocasia, and Xanthosoma), Heart of Jesus, and Angel Wings. There are over 1000 named cultivars of Caladium bicolor from the original South American plant. [more]

Cheilanthes

Plants usually on rock. Stems compact to long-creeping, ascending to horizontal, usually branched; scales brown to black or often bicolored with dark central stripe and lighter margins, linear-subulate to ovate-lanceolate, margins entire or denticulate. Leaves monomorphic, clustered to widely scattered, 4--60 cm. Petiole brown to black or straw-colored, rounded, flattened, or with single longitudinal groove adaxially, pubescent, scaly, or glabrous, with a single vascular bundle. Blade linear-oblong to lanceolate, ovate, or elongate-pentagonal, pinnate-pinnatifid to 4-pinnate at base, leathery or rarely somewhat herbaceous, abaxially pubescent and/or scaly, rarely glabrous, adaxially pubescent to glabrous, dull, not striate; rachis straight. Ultimate segments of blade stalked or sessile, usually free from costae, round to elongate or spatulate, usually less than 4 mm wide, base rounded, truncate, or cuneate; stalks (when present) often lustrous and dark colored; segment margins usually recurved to form confluent, poorly defined false indusia, extending entire length of segment or discontinuous on apical or lateral lobes. Veins of ultimate segments free or rarely anastomosing, pinnately branched and divergent distally. False indusia greenish to whitish, usually narrow, clearly marginal or rarely inframarginal, often concealing sporangia. Sporangia confined to submarginal vein tips or scattered along veins near segment margins, containing 64 or 32 spores, not intermixed with farina-producing glands. Spores brown to black or gray, rarely yellowish, tetrahedral-globose, rugose or cristate, lacking prominent equatorial ridge. Gametophytes glabrous. x = 30 (29 in Cheilanthes alabamensis complex).^[2] [more]

Corydalis

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Corylopsis

Corylus

Shrubs and trees, 3--15 m; tree trunks usually 1, branching mostly deliquescent, trunks and branches terete. Bark grayish brown, thin, smooth, close, breaking into vertical strips and scales in age; prominent lenticels absent. Wood nearly white to light brown, moderately hard, heavy, texture fine. Branches, branchlets, and twigs nearly 2-ranked to diffuse; young twigs differentiated into long and short shoots. Winter buds sessile, broadly ovoid, apex acute; scales several, imbricate, smooth. Leaves on long and short shoots, 2-ranked. Leaf blade broadly ovate with 8 or fewer pairs of lateral veins, 4--12 × 3.5--12 cm, thin, bases often cordate, margins doubly serrate, apex occasionally nearly lobed; surfaces abaxially usually pubescent, sometimes glandular. Inflorescences: staminate catkins on short shoots lateral on branchlets, in numerous racemose clusters, formed previous growing season and exposed during winter, expanding well before leaves; pistillate catkins distal to staminate catkins, in small clusters of flowers and bracts, reduced, only styles protruding from buds containing them at anthesis, expanding at same time as staminate. Staminate flowers in catkins 3 per scale, congested; stamens 4, divided nearly to base to form 8 half-stamens; filaments very short, adnate with 2 bractlets to bract. Pistillate flowers 2 per bract. Infructescences compact clusters of several fruits, each subtended and surrounded by involucre of bracts, bracts 2, hairy [spiny], expanded, foliaceous, sometimes connate into short to elongate tube. Fruits relatively thin-walled nuts, nearly globose to ovoid, somewhat laterally compressed, longitudinally ribbed. x = 11.^[3] [more]

Corynocarpus

[more]

Dicentra

Herbs, annual or perennial, scapose or caulescent, from taproots, bulblets, tubers, or rhizomes. Stems when present erect, simple or branching, hollow at maturity. Leaves basal or cauline, compound; blade with 2-4 orders of leaflets and lobes, margins entire, crenate, or serrate; surfaces glabrous, sometimes glaucous. Inflorescences axillary, extra-axillary, leaf-opposed, or terminal, unifloral or else multifloral and thyrsoid, paniculate, racemose, or corymbose. Flowers bilaterally symmetric about each of 2 perpendicular planes; sepals caducous; corolla cordate to oblong in outline; petals coherent or connate only basally, not spongy; outer petals both swollen or spurred basally, usually keeled apically; inner petals with blade fiddle-, spoon-, or arrowhead-shaped, claw linear-oblong to oblanceolate; stamens with nectariferous tissue borne on median filament in each bundle and sometimes forming spur or loop that projects into swollen base of adjacent outer petal; ovary broadly ovoid or obovoid to narrowly cylindric; stigma persistent, with 2 lobes or apical horns, sometimes also with 2 lateral papillae. Capsules indehiscent or dehiscent and 2-valved. Seeds few-many, elaiosome usually present. x = 8.^[4] [more]

Digitalis

Herbs, rarely basally woody. Stems simple or branched at base. Leaves alternate, large, often crowded below, margin entire or toothed. Flowers in terminal, often secund racemes. Calyx 5-lobed; lobes imbricate. Corolla oblique, tubular-campanulate, often constricted beyond ovary, somewhat ventricose; limb slightly 2-lipped; lower lip 3-lobed, middle lobe longer than lateral lobes; upper lip lobes much reduced, emarginate. Stamens 4, didynamous, included; anthers touching in pairs, locules divaricate, apically confluent. Style 2-lobed. Capsule ovoid, septicidal. Seeds numerous, oblong to subovoid, small, ribbed; seed coat scrobiculate-reticulate.^[5] [more]

Ehrendorferia

[more]

Eucodonia

[more]

Fritillaria

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Helianthus

Annuals or perennials, (5) 20300(500) cm. Stems erect or ascending to decumbent or pro-cumbent, usually branched distally. Leaves basal and/or cauline; opposite, or opposite (proximal) and alternate, or alternate; petiolate or sessile; blades usually 3-nerved (1-nerved in H. eggertii, H. smithii, and H. maximiliani), mostly deltate, lance-linear, lanceolate, lance-ovate, linear, or ovate, bases cordate to narrowly cuneate, margins usually entire or serrate, rarely lobed, faces glabrous or hairy, often gland-dotted. Heads usually radiate (sometimes discoid in H. radula), borne singly or in ± corymbiform, paniculiform, or spiciform arrays. Involucres usually ± hemispheric, sometimes campanulate or cylindric, 540+(200+ in cultivars) mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 1140(100+ in cultivars) in 23+ series (subequal to unequal). Receptacles flat to slightly convex (conic in H. porteri), paleate (paleae ± conduplicate, usually rectangular-oblong, usually ± 3-toothed, sometimes entire, apices sometimes reddish or purplish). Ray florets usually 530+(100+ in cultivars), rarely 0, neuter; corollas usually yellow. Disc florets (15) 30150+(1000+ in cultivars), bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow or reddish (at least distally), tubes shorter than campanulate throats, lobes 5, triangular (style branches slender, appendages ± attenuate). Cypselae (usually purplish black, sometimes mottled) ± obpyramidal, ± compressed (glabrous, glabrate, or ± hairy) ; pappi 0 (H. porteri), or readily falling, of 2(3) usually lanceolate, aristate, or erose scales (at the 2 principal angles, 15 mm) plus 08 usually shorter scales (0.22 mm). x = 17.^[6] [more]

Hemerocallis

Herbs, perennial, scapose, clump-forming, rhizomatous, from fibrous or fleshy contractile roots often enlarged at ends; rhizomes spreading. Leaves many, basal, sessile, 2-ranked, bases sheathing; blade long-linear, keeled, apex acuminate. Inflorescences 2, in terminal helicoid cyme, or solitary. Flowers mostly diurnal and ephemeral, slightly irregular, showy; tepals 6, connate basally into short, funnelform to campanulate tube, distinct parts imbricate, spreading, inner broader than outer; stamens 6, adnate to throat of perianth tube; filaments curved upward, distinct, unequal; anthers dorsifixed, 2-locular, linear-oblong, dehiscence introrse; ovary superior, green, 3-locular, conic, septal nectaries present; style curved upwards; stigma indistinctly 3-lobed or capitate. Fruits capsular, leathery, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds rarely produced (sterile) or many. x = 11.^[7] [more]

Hypericum

[Trees or] shrubs, subshrubs, or perennial herbs, glabrous or with simple hairs, with translucent ("pale") and often opaque, black or reddish ("dark") glands, laminar (immersed and sometimes abaxial) and marginal or intramarginal. Leaves opposite [or whorled], sessile or short petiolate, venation pinnate to palmate [or rarely dichotomous], margin entire or gland-fringed. Inflorescence cymose. Flowers bisexual, homostylous [or heterostylous], stellate or cupped. Sepals 5 and quincuncial or rarely 4 and decussate, unequal or equal, free or partly united. Petals (4 or) 5, contorted, golden to lemon yellow [or rarely white], abaxially sometimes tinged or veined red, persistent or deciduous after anthesis, usually asymmetric. Stamens in [4 or]5 fascicles, free and antipetalous, or some united to form apparently 4 or 3 fascicles with compound fascicle(s) antisepalous, or irregular and apparently not fasciculate, persistent or deciduous, each single fascicle with up to 70[-120] stamens; filaments slender, free from nearly base [or to 2/3 united] or apparently completely free; anthers small, dorsifixed or ± basifixed, dehiscing longitudinally, with gland on connective; sterile fascicles (fasciclodes) absent [very rare]. Ovary 3-5-loculed with axile placentae or ± completely 1-loculed with (2 or) 3[-5] parietal placentae, each placenta with [2 or] few to many ovules; styles (2 or) 3-5, free or partly to completely united, ± slender; stigmas small or ± capitate. Fruit a septicidal capsule or rarely ± indehiscent, valves often with oil-containing vittae or vesicles. Seeds small, often carinate or narrowly unilaterally winged; testa variously sculptured, not arillate [very rarely carunculate]; embryo slender, straight, with distinct slender cotyledons.^[8] [more]

Iochroma

Iochroma is a genus of about 24 species of and small trees found in the forests of South America. They range from Colombia to Argentina or when certain species are excluded (see below) from Colombia to Peru. Their hummingbird pollinated flowers are tubular or trumpet-shaped, and may be blue, purple, red, yellow, or white, becoming pulpy berries. The cupular calyx is inflated in some species. The leaves are alternate, simple, and entire. [more]

Kalmia

Kalmia is a of about 7 species of evergreen shrubs from 0.2-5 m tall, in the family Ericaceae. They are native to North America (mainly in the eastern half of the continent) and Cuba. They grow in acidic soils, with different species in wet acid bog habitats (K. angustifolia, K. polifolia) and dry, sandy soils (K. ericoides, K. latifolia). [more]

Kniphofia

Kniphofia (Tritoma, Red hot poker, Torch lily, Poker plant) is a genus of plants in the family that includes 70 or more species native to Africa. Some species have been commercially used horticulturally and are commonly known for their bright, rocket-shaped flowers. [more]

Lamprocapnos

[more]

Leptospermum

Leptospermum is a genus of about 80-86 species of plants in the myrtle family . Most species are endemic to Australia, with the greatest diversity in the south of the continent; but one species extends to New Zealand, another to Malaysia, and L. recurvum is endemic to Malaysia. [more]

Leucanthemum

Leucanthemum is a genus of about 70 flowering plants from the sunflower family (). The name Leucanthemum derives from the Greek words leukos, "white," and anthemon, "flower". It occurs in Europe, Northern Africa and the temperate regions of Asia. Many species have been introduced into America, Australia and New Zealand. [more]

Mahonia

Evergreen, unarmed shrubs, similar to the genus Berberis L., but leaves pinnately compound and inflorescence mostly a fascicle of dense spike-like racemes.^[9] [more]

Orchis

Orchis is a genus in the orchid family (). This genus gets its name from the Greek ????? orchis, meaning "testicle", from the appearance of the paired subterranean tuberoids. [more]

Saxifraga

Herbs perennial, rarely annual or biennial. Stem cespitose or simple. Leaves both basal and cauline, petiolate or not; leaf blade simple, entire, margin dentate or lobate; cauline leaves usually alternate, rarely opposite. Inflorescence a solitary flower or few- to many-flowered cyme, bracteate. Flowers usually bisexual, sometimes unisexual, actinomorphic, rarely zygomorphic; receptacle cyathiform or saucer-shaped. Sepals (4 or) 5(or 7 or 8) . Petals (4 or) 5, yellow, orange, white, or red to purple, callose or not, distinctly veined, margin usually entire. Stamens (8 or) 10; filaments subulate or clavate. Carpels 2, usually connate at least in placental region; ovary superior to inferior, usually 2-loculed; placentation usually axile; ovules many; integuments 1 or 2; nectary disc sometimes well developed, annular or semiannular. Fruit a 2-valved capsule. Seeds many.^[10] [more]

Teucrium

Herbs or subshrubs, with rhizomes or stolons. Stems erect or ascending, simple or branched from base. Leaves simple, petiolate or subsessile, cordate to lanceolate, penniveined. Verticillasters 2-6-flowered, in false spikes, terminal racemes, or panicles of racemes; bracts rhombic-ovate to linear-lanceolate, margin entire or dentate. Calyx 10-veined, throat glabrous to pilose annulate; tube tubular to campanulate, swollen in front at base; limb equally 5-toothed to 2-lipped, upper lip 3-toothed, lower lip 2-toothed. Corolla 1-lipped; tube included or exserted, not hairy annulate inside; limb 5-lobed, with middle lobe circular or spatulate, occasionally 2-lobulate; lateral lobes 4, small. Stamens 4, anterior 2 slightly longer, all exserted from posterior sinus of corolla; anther cells divaricate. Ovary globose. Style equal to or slightly longer than stamens, equally or subequally 2-cleft at apex. Nutlets obovoid, glabrous, smooth to netted, areole ca. 1/2 as long as nutlet.^[11] [more]

At least 533 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Teucrium.

More info about the Genus Teucrium may be found here.

Bibliography

• Benham, D. M. and M. D. Windham. 1992. Generic affinities of the star-scaled cloak ferns. Amer. Fern. J. 82: 47--58.
• Berg, R. Y. 1969. Adaptation and evolution in Dicentra (Fumariaceae), with special reference to seed, fruit, and dispersal mechanism. Nytt Mag. Bot. 16(1): 49-75.
• Drumke, J. S. 1965. A systematic survey of Corylus in North America. Diss. Abstr. 25: 4925--4926.
• Erhardt, W. 1992. Hemerocallis: Daylilies. Portland.
• Fahselt, D. 1970. The anthocyanins of Dicentra (Fumariaceae). Canad. J. Bot. 48(1): 49-53.
• Fahselt, D. and M. Ownbey. 1968. Chromatographic comparison of Dicentra species and hybrids. Amer. J. Bot. 55: 334-345.
• Heiser, C. B. 1976. The Sunflower. Norman.
• Heiser, C. B., D. M. Smith, S. Clevenger, and W. C. Martin. 1969. The North American sunflowers (Helianthus). Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 22(3).
• Hu S. Y. 1968. The species of Hemerocallis. Amer. Hort. Mag. 47: 86-111.
• Hwang Shu-mei, Wei Chao-fen, Lu Ling-ti, Ku Tsue-chih & Jin Shu-ying. 1995. Saxifragaceae (2) [Parnassioideae, Hydrangeoideae, Escallonioideae, Iteoideae, Ribesioideae]. In: Lu Ling-ti & Hwang Shu-mei, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 35(1): 1-406.
• Kasapligil, B. 1964. A contribution to the histotaxonomy of Corylus (Betulaceae). Adansonia, n. s. 4: 43--90.
• Mickel, J. T. 1979b. The fern genus Cheilanthes in the continental United States. Phytologia 41: 431--437.
• Pan Jin-tang. 1992. Saxifragaceae (1) [Penthoroideae, Saxifragoideae]. In: Pan Jin-tang, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 34(2): 1-309
• Reeves, T. 1979. A Monograph of the Fern Genus Cheilanthes Subgenus Physapteris (Adiantaceae). Ph.D. dissertation. Arizona State University.
• Rogers, C. E., T. E. Thompson, and G. J. Seiler. 1982. Sunflower Species of the United States. Fargo.
• Rose, J. N. 1895. Notes upon Corylus rostrata and C. californica. Gard. & Forest 8: 263.
• Smith, A. R. 1975. The California species of Aspidotis. Madroño 23: 15--24.
• Stern, K. R. and M. Ownbey. 1971. Hybridization and cytotaxonomy of Dicentra. Amer. J. Bot. 58(9): 861-866.
• Stern, K. R. 1961. Revision of Dicentra (Fumariaceae). Brittonia 13(1): 1-57.
• Stern, K. R. 1962. The use of pollen morphology in the taxonomy of Dicentra. Amer. J. Bot. 49: 362-368.
• Stern, K. R. 1970. Pollen aperture variation and phylogeny in Dicentra. Madroño 20: 354-359.
• Storbeck, T. A. 1984. A Taxonomic Study of Helianthus Series Microcephali and Allied Species. Ph.D. dissertation. Indiana University.
• Stout, A. B. 1934. Daylilies. New York. [Reprinted 1986, London.]
• Tryon, R. M. 1956. A revision of the American species of Notholaena. Contr. Gray Herb. 179: 1--106.
• Wiegand, K. M. 1909. Recognition of Corylus rostrata and Corylus americana. Rhodora 11: 107.

Footnotes

1. David E. Boufford "Adlumia". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
2. Michael D. Windham, Eric W. Rabe "Cheilanthes". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
3. "Corylus". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
4. Kingsley R. Stern "Dicentra". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
5. "Digitalis". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 53. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
6. Edward E. Schilling "Helianthus". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 51, 136, 141, 148, 149, 157, 170. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
7. Gerald B. Straley & Frederick H. Utech "Hemerocallis". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 51, 53, 57, 219. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
8. Xi-wen Li & Norman K. B. Robson "Hypericum". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 1, 2. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
9. "Mahonia". in Flora of Pakistan Page 2. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
10. Pan Jintang , Richard Gornall, Hideaki Ohba "Saxifraga". in Flora of China Vol. 8 Page 280. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
11. "Teucrium". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 56. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

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