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Compositae

(Family)

Overview

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The largest family of flowering plants, the Compositae (Asteraceae), comprising about 1,100 genera and more than 20,000 species and characterized by many sm all flowers arranged in a head looking like a single flower and subtended by an involucre of bracts. A head may consist of both ray flowers and disk flowers, as in the sunflower, of disk flowers only, as in the burdock, or of ray flowers only, as in the dandelion.

Taxonomy

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The Family Compositae is further organized into finer groupings including:

Genera

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Achyrocline

Achyrocline is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Adenostyles

Adenostyles, is a large genus of to a flowering plants in the sunflower family , and of the constantly changing tribe Senecioneae. Adenostyles occur in the temperate climates of the northern hemisphere, mainly in Europe and Asia minor. [more]

Agathea

Andryala

[more]

Anisopappus

Anisopappus is a genus of about 30 species of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Artotheca

Atractylis

The Distaff thistle is a plant of the genus Atractylis in the daisy family (). [more]

Bidens

Annuals or perennials [shrubs, vines], 5400 cm. Stems usually 1, usually erect, (terete or 4-angled, often striate or sulcate) branched distally or ± throughout. Leaves usually cauline; usually opposite, rarely whorled, distal sometimes alternate; petiolate or sessile; blades simple, compound (leaflets petiolulate), or 13+-pinnatisect or -pinnately lobed (submerged leaves multifid in B. beckii, an aquatic), ultimate margins entire, dentate, laciniate, serrate, or toothed, faces usually glabrous, sometimes hirtellous, hispidulous, pilosulous, puberulent, scabrellous, or strigillose. Heads usually radiate or discoid, sometimes ± disciform, usually in corymbiform arrays, sometimes in 2s or 3s or borne singly. Calyculi of (3) 513(21+) erect to spreading or reflexed, ± herbaceous (sometimes foliaceous) bractlets or bracts (sometimes surpassing phyllaries). Involucres mostly hemispheric or campanulate to cylindric, (1) 412(25+) mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, mostly (4) 821(30+) in ± 2 series, usually distinct, sometimes connate 0.050.1 their lengths, mostly oblong or ovate to lance-oblong, chartaceous to membranous or scarious (usually striate with brownish nerves, margins usually hyaline). Receptacles flat or slightly convex, paleate; paleae usually falling, (usually stramineous, sometimes yellow to orange, with darker striae) ± flat to slightly navicular. Ray florets usually 121+ (often 3, 5, 8, or 13), sometimes 0, usually neuter, sometimes styliferous and sterile; corollas usually yellow, sometimes white or pinkish. Disc florets (5) 1260(150+), bisexual, fertile; corollas usually yellow to orange, sometimes whitish [purplish], tubes shorter than throats, lobes (3) 5, ± deltate (staminal filaments glabrous; style-branch appendages deltate or lanceolate to subulate). Cypselae usually obcompressed to flat, unequally 34-angled, and cuneate to oblanceolate or obovate, sometimes (all or inner) ± equally 4-angled and linear-fusiform, rarely subterete, margins (± corky-winged in B. aristosa, B. cernua, and B. polylepis) usually retrorsely, sometimes patently or antrorsely, barbed or ciliate, apices sometimes attenuate, not beaked [beaked], faces smooth, striate, or ± tuberculate, glabrous or hairy, each sometimes with 2 grooves; pappi 0, or persistent, of (1) 24(8) usually retrorsely, sometimes antrorsely, barbellate or ciliate, rarely smooth, awns. x = 13.[1] [more]

Bothriocline

[more]

Brachycome

Brachyscome is a of 65 species of shrub in the daisy family Asteraceae. 60 of these are found in Australia, the remainder in New Zealand and New Guinea. [more]

Calea

CALEA may refer to: [more]

Calendula

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Calycites

Cardopatum

Carduus

Annuals or biennials [perennials], 30-200(-400) cm. spiny, ± tomentose, sometimes glabrate. Stems erect, simple to much branched, (spiny-winged) . Leaves basal and cauline; petiolate or sessile; blade margins spiny dentate, often 1-2-pinnately lobed, faces glabrous or hairy, eglandular. Heads discoid, borne singly or 2-20 in dense clusters or corymbiform arrays. (Peduncles naked or leafy-bracteate, spiny-winged or not winged.) Involucres cylindric to spheric. Phyllaries many in 7-10+ series, linear to broadly ovate, bases appressed, margins entire, apices ascending to spreading or reflexed, acute, spine-tipped. Receptacles flat, epaleate, bearing setiform scales ("flattened bristles"). Florets several-many; corollas white to pink or purple, ± bilateral, tubes long, slender, throats short, campanulate, abruptly expanded from tubes, lobes linear; anther bases sharply short-tailed, apical appendages oblong; style branches: fused portions with slightly, minutely puberulent, swollen basal nodes, distally papillate or glabrous, distinct portions very short. Cypselae ovoid, slightly compressed, faces smooth. glabrous, attachment scars slightly lateral; pappi persistent or falling in rings. of many minutely barbed, basally connate bristles or setiform, minutely barbed scales ("minutely flattened bristles"). x = 8, 9, 10, 11, 13.[2] [more]

Carlina

Biennials [annuals or perennials, shrubs, or dwarf trees], 10-80 cm. herbage spiny . Stems erect or spreading, simple to branched distally or throughout. branches ascending to spreading. Leaves basal and cauline [all cauline]; petiolate or sessile; blade margins dentate to pinnately lobed, ± spiny, faces ± tomentose or glabrate. Heads discoid, borne singly or in corymbiform arrays. Involucres hemispheric to campanulate. Phyllaries many in several series. outer ovate to lanceolate, bases appressed; (at least outer ± leaflike) ; middle smaller, scarious, margins spiny-dentate or -lobed, apical appendages spine-tipped, inner apices spreading, membranous, white to stramineous, raylike, entire . Receptacles flat to conic, epaleaete scaly or bristly (each floret surrounded by ± connate, membranous scales dissected into linear lobes). Florets many; corollas yellow to maroon, tubular-funnelform, lobes triangular; anther bases tailed, linear-oblong, apical appendages acute; style branches: fused portions ca. 0.5 mm, with basal nodes glabrous or minutely hairy, distally puberulent. distinct portions tapered, not or scarcely separating. Cypselae cylindric to fusiform, not ribbed, without apical rim. hairy with forked, 2-celled hairs, attachment scars basal-oblique; pappi readily falling, of many persistent bristles in 1 series, basally connate in groups of 3-10, plumose. x = 9, 10.[3] [more]

Carthamus

Annuals or perennials, 30-180 cm. herbage glabrous to ± glandular and/or ± tomentose. Stems usually erect, branched distally or throughout, (leafy). Leaves basal and cauline or all cauline; basal and proximal cauline winged-petiolate, distal cauline sessile, sometimes clasping; blade margins dentate to pinnately lobed, ± spiny, faces glabrous or ± glandlar and/or ± tomentose. Heads discoid, borne singly or in few-headed cymiform arrays. Involucres ovoid, constricted distally. Phyllaries many in 4-5 series. linear to ovate (at least outer ± leaflike), bases appressed, apical appendages more herbaceous, prominently veiny, spiny-dentate or -lobed, spine. tipped. Receptacles convex to conic, epaleate, bearing subulate scales. Florets 15-60+. corollas yellow to red or ± purple, tubes very slender, throats gradually or abruptly expanded, ± cylindric or short-campanulate, lobes linear; anther bases short-tailed, apical appendages oblong; style branches: fused portions with slightly swollen basal nodes minutely hairy, distally minutely papillate, distinct portions very short. Cypselae oblong to obpyramidal, ± 4-angled, apices with smooth or dentate rims, faces usually ± roughened (outer) or smooth (inner), glabrous, attachment scar. lateral; pappi 0 or (usually only inner cypselae) ± persistent, of many, usually unequal, narrow scales overlapping in several series. x = 10, 12.[4] [more]

Centaurea

Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 20-300 cm, glabrous or tomentose. Stems erect, ascending, or spreading, simple or branched. Leaves basal and cauline; petiolate or sessile; proximal blade margins often ± deeply lobed, (spiny in C. benedicta ), distal ± smaller, often entire, faces glabrous or ± tomentose, sometimes also villous, strigose, or puberulent, often glandular-punctate. Heads discoid, disciform, or radiant, borne singly or in corymbiform arrays. Involucres cylindric or ovoid to hemispheric . Phyllaries many in 6-many series, unequal, proximal part appressed, body margins entire. distal parts expanded into erect to spreading, usually ± dentate or fringed, linear to ovate appendages, spine. tipped or spineless. Receptacles flat, epaleate, bristly. Florets 10-many; outer usually sterile, corollas slender and inconspicuous to much expanded, ± bilateral; inner fertile, corollas white to blue, pink, purple, or yellow, bilateral or radial, often bent at junction of tubes and throats, lobes linear-oblong, acute; anther bases tailed, apical appendages oblong; style branches: fused portions with minutely hairy nodes, distinct portions minute. Cypselae ± barrel-shaped, ± compressed, smooth or ribbed, apices entire (denticulate in C. benedicta ), glabrous or with fine, 1-celled hairs, attachment scar. lateral (with or without elaiosomes) ; pappi 0 or ± persistent, of 1-3 series of smooth or minutely barbed, stiff bristles or narrow scales . x = 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15.[5] [more]

Chamomilla

Matricaria recutita or German chamomile, also spelled camomile, is an of the composite family Asteraceae. Synonyms are: Chamomilla chamomilla, Chamomilla recutita (accepted name according to the Flora Europaea), Matricaria chamomilla, and Matricaria suaveolens. [more]

Chichorium

Chrysanthemoides

Shrubs or trees (evergreen), 50-300+ cm. Stems erect, glabrous or ± tomentose [spiny]. Leaves ± petiolate; blades ovate or elliptic to orbiculate, obovate, or oblanceolate, margins usually denticulate, sometimes entire, faces usually ± arachnose and glabrate, sometimes woolly or glabrous. Heads borne singly or in loose, corymbiform arrays. Involucres ± hemispheric or broader, 9-12+ mm diam. Phyllaries 12-24+ in 2-3 series, deltate or lanceolate to ovate, oblong, or linear. Receptacles flat to convex. Ray florets 5-13 in 1 series; corollas yellow, laminae ± ovate to elliptic or linear. Disc florets 30-80+, functionally staminate; corollas yellow, tubes (± pilosulous) shorter than ± campanulate throats. Cypselae ± globose, fleshy (blue-black, becoming brown, drupelike). x = 10.[6] [more]

Chrysanthemum

Annual or rarely perennial erect herbs, with fibrous roots. Leaves alternate, oblong or obovate, uppermost sometimes simple and entire, lower mostly 2-3-pinnatisect or 1-2-pinnatifid, with apex 2-3-partite, the margin lobed or dentate towards the semi-amplexicaule base. Capitula radiate, heterogamous, solitary, terminal or 2-5 per branch in lax corymbs, with peduncles often thickened toward apices. Involucre 2-3(-4) -seriate, phyllaries many-nerved, imbricate. Receptacle convex, without scales or paleae. Ray-florets pistillate, with yellow or sometimes white, apically 2-3-fid ligules, fertile. Disc-florets hermaphrodite, tubular, the corolla tube laterally expanded, 5-lobed, lobes with central resin sacs. Cypselas dimorphic and sometimes compressed, thick-walled, those of the ray-florets triquetrous or winged, disc cypselas mostly laterally flattened, narrowly winged adaxially, or cylindrical, 10-ribbed or angular, all epappose.[7] [more]

Cicerbita

[more]

Crepis

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Cupularia

Daveaua

Dichrocephala

[more]

Doronicum

Perennials, 10-60(-90) [-150+] cm (rhizomes sericeous at nodes [glabrous or glabrate]). Stems usually 1, erect. Leaves basal and cauline; alternate; petiolate (petiole bases sometimes dilated, clasping) or sessile; blades palmati-pinnately or pinnately nerved, elliptic, lanceolate, ovate-orbiculate, or ovate [oblong, pandurate, spatulate], margins entire or crenate to denticulate, faces glabrous or arachnose to pilose, sometimes glandular-pubescent (especially along veins). Heads radiate, borne singly or in corymbiform arrays (peduncles often glandular-pubescent). Calyculi 0. Involucres campanulate to hemispheric or broader, 22-40 mm. Phyllaries persistent, 21-30+ in 2-3+ series, erect to spreading, distinct or nearly so, lanceolate to lance-linear or subulate, equal to subequal, margins seldom scarious (often ciliate). Receptacles convex to hemispheric, smooth or foveolate (pilose), epaleate. Ray florets [13-]21-40+ (more in horticultural doubles), pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow. Disc florets [50-]100-250+, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow, tubes shorter than to equaling funnelform throats, lobes 5, erect or recurved, lance-deltate to lance-linear (lengths to 5 times widths) ; style branches: stigmatic areas continuous, apices rounded to truncate. Cypselae flattened, broadly obovate, 5- or 10-ribbed, glabrous or hairy; pappi persistent, usually of 40-60, white or stramineous, barbellulate bristles (in 1-2 series), sometimes 0 in ray florets (e.g., D. pardalianches). x = 30.[8] [more]

Erigeron

Annuals, biennials, or perennials [subshrubs, shrubs, trees], (0.5-) 2-90(-100) cm (taprooted, fibrous-rooted, or rhizomatous and fibrous-rooted, sometimes with simple or branched caudices, sometimes stoloniferous) . Stems erect to ascending, decumbent, or prostrate, simple or branched, glabrous or hairy, sometimes glandular (hairs 2-seriate, minute, sometimes stipitate) . Leaves basal and/or cauline (basal persistent or not to flowering) ; alternate; sessile or petiolate; blades 1-nerved (3-nerved), linear to lanceolate, oblanceolate, or spatulate (bases sometimes clasping), margins entire or ± dentate to pinnatifid, faces glabrous or hairy, sometimes glandular. Heads usually radiate, sometimes discoid or disciform (erect, nodding, or arching-pendent in bud), borne singly or in loose, corymbiform or paniculiform arrays. Involucres turbinate to hemispheric, 5-35 mm diam. Phyllaries 30-125(-150) in 2-5 series, 1- or 3-nerved (nerves golden-resinous; usually flat, rarely broadly keeled to convex), narrowly elliptic- to linear-lanceolate, unequal to equal, margins scarious or not, faces hairy or glabrous, sometimes glandular. Receptacles flat to conic, pitted, epaleate. Ray florets 0 or 12-350 in 1(-2+) series, pistillate, fertile; corollas usually white to bluish or purplish to pink, less commonly yellow (coiling from apices, reflexing at tube/lamina junction, or remaining ± straight and spreading) . Peripheral florets (disciform heads) 50-200 in 1-4 series, pistillate. Disc florets 25-450, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow (nerves orange-resinous), tubes shorter than usually tubular, sometimes strongly inflated and indurate throats, lobes 5, erect to spreading, deltate; style-branch appendages mostly deltate (papillate) . Cypselae (tan) oblong to oblong-obovoid, compressed to flattened, 2(-4) -nerved, or subterete, 5-14-nerved (sect. Wyomingia and some other species), faces glabrous or strigose or sericeous, eglandular; pappi persistent or readily falling, usually of outer setae or scales (0.1-0.4 mm), sometimes connate, plus 5-40(-50), stramineous, barbellate bristles, sometimes pappi only on ray or only on disc cypselae, or 0. x = 9.[9] [more]

Espeletia

Espeletia, commonly known as Frailejón or Fraylejón is a of perennial subshrubs, in the family Asteraceae. The genus, which is endemic mainly to Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador, was first formally described by botanist Alexander Von Humboldt in 1801. The genus was named after the New Granada viceroy José Manuel de Ezpeleta. [more]

Ethulia

[more]

Galactitis

Galisonga

[more]

Geigeria

[more]

Geropogon

[more]

Gutenbergia

[more]

Gymnodiscus

Hedypnosis

[more]

Helichryson

[more]

Helichrysum

[Annuals, biennials, perennials,] subshrubs, or shrubs (often aromatic), mostly 20-80 cm; taprooted. Stems usually 1, usually erect, sometimes decumbent to procumbent (± woolly-tomentose, usually stipitate- or sessile-glandular as well) . Leaves cauline; alternate; petiolate [sessile]; blades ovate [spatulate to lanceolate or linear], bases cuneate to truncate [usually clasping and/or decurrent], margins entire (sometimes revolute), faces concolor [bicolor], usually gray to white and tomentose or sericeous [adaxial sometimes greenish and glabrescent], sometimes stipitate- or sessile-glandular as well. Heads disciform or discoid, in glomerules in corymbiform arrays. Involucres campanulate, 4-8 mm. Phyllaries in 3-5[-7] series, whitish [stramineous, orange, reddish, or pinkish] (opaque or hyaline, usually shiny; stereomes green, usually sessile-glandular distally) . Receptacles flat, glabrous, epaleate. Peripheral (pistillate) florets 0 or 1-2 (fewer than bisexual) : corollas yellowish. Inner (bisexual) florets 3-30[-50+]; corollas usually yellowish. Cypselae ± columnar, faces usually smooth, sometimes papillate (roughened by raised, imbricate tips of epidermal cells), sometimes with 4-6 longitudinal ridges, glabrous [± strigose or myxogenic, papilliform hairs]; pappi readily falling, of 12-20 distinct or loosely coherent basally, barbellate [subplumose] bristles in 1 series. x = 7.[10] [more]

Homogyne

[more]

Hypochoeris

Hypochaeris is a genus of plants in family . Many species are known as cat's ear. These are annual and perennial herbs generally bearing flower heads with yellow ray florets. They are native to Eurasia, North Africa, and South America. [more]

Kalimelis

Launaea

Annuals or biennials [perennials, shrubs, sometimes spiny], [5-]30-150 cm; usually taprooted [stoloniferous]. Stems erect [prostrate], distally branched, glabrous [± hairy.. Leaves basal or basal and proximally cauline; petiolate or sessile; blades ± oblanceolate, often pinnately lobed, ultimate margins usually dentate (teeth usually ± prickly; faces glabrous [± hairy]). Heads in spiciform or racemiform to paniculiform arrays [borne singly]. Peduncles not inflated distally, bracteolate. Calyculi 0 (or bractlets intergrading with phyllaries). Involucres cylindric [urceolate, campanulate, or obconic], 3-5[-16] mm diam. Phyllaries (persistent, reflexed in fruit) 18-25 in 3-5+ series, unequal, ovate to lanceolate (outer) or linear (inner), margins scarious, apices obtuse to acuminate (faces glabrous [± hairy]). Receptacles flat to convex, epaleate. Florets 25-30; corollas yellow to ochroleucous [cyanic]. Cypselae blackish to grayish, cylindric to fusiform or ± prismatic, sometimes ± compressed, beaks 0 (or lengths 0.05-0.1 times bodies), 4-5-ribbed (or -grooved), ribs usually muricate, faces glabrous; pappi persistent or tardily falling [readily falling], double [simple], of 60-100+, outer, white, often ± coiled or crisped (frizzy) hairs or bristles in 2-3 series plus 80-120+, white, coarser, barbellulate to smooth bristles in 2-3+ series, all distinct or some basally connate. x = 9.[11] [more]

Leysera

[more]

Ligularia

Perennials, 15-150+ cm (glabrous or scattered-hairy, especially distally [arachno-tomentose]; roots fibrous). Stems usually 1, erect. Leaves basal and cauline; alternate; petiolate (petiole bases dilated, ± sheathing stems) ; blades (basal and proximal largest, cauline smaller distally) palmately [palmati-pinnately] nerved, orbiculate to reniform [elliptic, lanceolate, oblanceolate, ovate], margins dentate [denticulate, serrate, dissected], faces glabrous or sparsely pilosulous (mostly on nerves) [glaucous; arachno-tomentose]. Heads radiate [discoid], in corymbiform [racemiform or spiciform] arrays. Calyculi 0 [1-2+ bractlets]. Involucres cylindric to campanulate, [3-]16-28 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, [5-]8-13+ in 1-2 series, erect, distinct (margins interlocking) [connate at bases], mostly oblong or lanceolate to linear, subequal, margins usually ± scarious (tips greenish or reddish, not blackened). Receptacles flat to convex, smooth, epaleate. Ray florets [0 or 1-7] 8-14+, pistillate, fertile; corollas (laminae prominent, showy) orange to orange-yellow or brick-red [yellow]. Disc florets [5-]12-100+, bisexual, fertile; corollas orange-yellow to orange, becoming brownish [yellow], tubes longer than cylindric throats, lobes 5, recurved, lance-linear; style branches: stigmatic areas continuous, apices truncate or rounded-truncate. Cypselae (stramineous to brownish) ± ellipsoid [cylindric or fusiform], 5[-10]-ribbed or -nerved, glabrous; pappi persistent (fragile), of 40-100+, reddish [sordid, brownish, purplish], barbellate to barbellulate bristles ([shorter than] longer than cypselae). x = 30.[12] [more]

Metalasia

[more]

Microtrichia

Mikaniopsis

Mikaniopsis is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. [more]

Mutisia

Mutisia is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. [more]

Ophryosporus

Ophryosporus is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains 48 species, most of them from South America. It contains the following species: [more]

Othantus

[more]

Phaghalon

[more]

Phalacrocarpum

[more]

Picris

Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 10-100+ cm; tap- or fibrous-rooted, sometimes rhizomatous. Stems usually 1, erect, branched distally, hirsute to hispid or setose (hair tips often 2[-4]-hooked). Leaves basal and cauline (mostly cauline at flowering) ; basal ± petiolate, distal sessile; blades oblong, ovate, or lanceolate to oblanceolate or linear, margins entire or sinuate-dentate to pinnately lobed (faces hirsute to hispid or setose, hair tips 2[-4]-hooked). Heads usually in ± corymbiform arrays. Peduncles not inflated distally, sometimes bracteate. Calyculi of 8-13+, lanceolate to lance-linear bractlets (sometimes ± intergrading with phyllaries). Involucres campanulate to urceolate, 6-12+ mm diam. (sometimes larger in fruit). Phyllaries (8-) 13+ in 1-2 series (reflexed in fruit), lanceolate to lance-linear (± flat or navicular proximally, sometimes each ± enfolding its subtended floret), equal, margins often scarious, apices acute. Receptacles flat to convex, ± pitted, glabrous, epaleate. Florets 30-100+; corollas yellow, often reddish abaxially. Cypselae homomorphic [heteromorphic], reddish brown [dark brown], bodies ± fusiform [compressed-ellipsoid], not beaked [beaks ± developed], ribs 5-10, faces transversely rugulose, glabrous; pappi falling, of 30-45+, whitish to stramineous, subequal, barbellulate to plumose bristles [scales] in 2-3+ series (basally connate, falling together). x = 5.[13] [more]

Pilosella

Hieracium (pronounced ) known by its common name Hawkweed and long ago by its classical name hierakion which comes from the ancient Greek hierax, "" is a genus of the sunflower (Helianthus) family Asteraceae (previously called Compositae) and are closely related to dandelion (Taraxacum), chicory (Cichorium), prickly lettuce (Lactuca) and sow thistle (Sonchus) which are part of the tribe Cichorieae. Hawkweeds with their 10,000+ recorded species and subspecies and approximately 800 accepted species members, do their part to make Asteraceae the second largest family of flowers. [more]

Psiadia

Psiadia is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Reichardia

[more]

Relhania

[more]

Schizogine

[more]

Senecio

Annuals, biennials, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 5-100(-250+) cm (perennating bases taprooted, fibrous-rooted, branched caudices, or suberect to creeping rhizomes; roots often fleshy, seldom branched; herbage glabrous or hairy, often glabrescent at flowering) . Stems single or clustered, erect to lax (simple or branched) . Leaves basal and/or cauline; alternate; petiolate or sessile (bases sometimes clasping) ; blades subpalmately to pinnately nerved, mostly ovate or deltate to oblanceolate, lanceolate, linear, or filiform (and most intermediate shapes), rarely suborbiculate (sometimes palmately or pinnately lobed to 2-3-pinnatifid), ultimate margins entire or denticulate to serrate or toothed (sometimes with relatively many callous denticles or teeth), faces glabrous or hairy (usually arachnose to tomentose, often glabrescent) . Heads (sometimes nodding) usually radiate or discoid (rarely quasi-disciform), usually in corymbiform to cymiform, sometimes paniculiform or racemiform, arrays (sometimes from axils of distal leaves), sometimes borne singly. Calyculi usually of 1-8+ bractlets (bractlets often intergrading with distal peduncular bracts, mostly 1 / 5 - 1 / 2 + times phyllaries), sometimes 0. Involucres mostly cylindric or turbinate to campanulate, 5-15(-40) mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, usually ± 5, 8, 13, or 21 [34] in (1-) 2 series, distinct (margins interlocking), erect (often reflexed in fruit), mostly oblong to lanceolate or linear, subequal or equal, margins usually scarious. Receptacles flat to convex, foveolate, epaleate. Ray florets usually ± 5, 8, 13, or 21 [34], pistillate, fertile, sometimes 0; corollas usually yellow, sometimes ochroleucous or white, rarely reddish to purplish (laminae sometimes barely surpassing phyllaries; peripheral pistillate florets usually 0, sometimes 1-8+; corollas usually yellow, sometimes ochroleucous or white) . Disc florets (5-) 13-80+, bisexual, fertile; corollas usually yellow, rarely ochroleucous, white, reddish, or purplish, tubes shorter than to equaling campanulate throats, lobes 5, erect to recurved, usually ± deltate; style branches stigmatic in 2 lines, apices usually truncate-penicillate. Cypselae cylindric or prismatic, usually 5-ribbed or -angled, glabrous or hairy (especially on ribs or angles, hairs sometimes myxogenic) ; pappi usually persistent (fragile), sometimes readily falling, of 30-80+, white to stramineous, barbellulate to smooth bristles. x = 10.[14] [more]

Siegesbeckia

[more]

Sphaeranthus

[more]

Spilanthes

Acmella oleracea, also known under its old names Spilanthes oleracea and Spilanthes acmella, is a flowering herb in the plant family , also known as toothache plant or paracress as the leaves and flower heads contain an analgesic agent spilanthol used to numb toothache. It is native to the tropics of Brazil, and is grown as an ornamental (and occasionally as a medicinal) in various parts of the world. A small, erect plant, it grows quickly and sends up gold and red flower inflorescences. It is frost-sensitive but perennial in warmer climates. [more]

Tanacetum

Perennials [annuals, subshrubs], 5-150 cm (usually rhizomatous; usually aromatic). Stems 1 or 2-5+, erect or prostrate to ascending, branched proximally and/or distally, glabrous or hairy (hairs basifixed and/or medifixed, sometimes stellate). Leaves basal and/or cauline; alternate; petiolate or sessile; blades mostly obovate to spatulate, usually 1-3-pinnately lobed, ultimate margins entire, crenate, or dentate, faces glabrous or hairy. Heads usually radiate, sometimes disciform (or quasi-radiate or -radiant), usually in lax to dense, corymbiform arrays, rarely borne singly. Involucres mostly hemispheric or broader, (3-) 5-22+ mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, (20-) 30-60+ in (2-) 3-5+ series, distinct, ± ovate to oblong or oblong to lanceolate or lance-linear (sometimes carinate), unequal, margins and apices (pale to dark brown or blackish) scarious (tips sometimes dilated). Receptacles flat to conic or hemispheric (sometimes hairy), epaleate. Ray florets usually 10-21+ (pistillate and fertile or neuter; corollas pale yellow to yellow or white, usually with yellowish bases [pink], laminae oblong to flabellate), sometimes 0 (in disciform or quasi-radiate or -radiant heads, peripheral pistillate florets 8-30+; corollas pale yellow, ± zygomorphic, lobes 3-4, sometimes ± raylike). Disc florets 60-300+, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow, tubes ± cylindric, throats narrowly funnelform to campanulate, lobes (4-) 5, ± deltate. Cypselae obconic or ± columnar (circular in cross section), ribs (4-) 5-10(-12+), faces usually gland-dotted, sometimes glabrous (pericarps without myxogenic cells or resin sacs, embryo sac development tetrasporic) ; pappi usually coroniform, rarely 0 [distinct scales or each pappus an adaxial auricle]. x = 9 (polyploidy).[15] [more]

Taraxacum

Perennials, (10-) 30-400(-600+ in fruit) cm (sexual or apomictic) ; taprooted or with branched caudices. Stems (1-10+) erect or ascending, scapiform (terete), simple (hollow), glabrous or villous proximal to heads. Leaves basal (in rosettes, erect or patent to nearly horizontal) ; petiolate or sessile; blades oblong to obovate or oblanceolate to linear-oblanceolate, runcinate or lyrate (bases cuneate to ± attenuate), margins subentire to dentate or pinnately lobed (apices rounded or obtuse to acute or acuminate, faces glabrous or glabrate to sparsely villous, pilose, or villosulous) . Heads borne singly. Calyculi persistent, of (6-) 8-18(-20) broadly ovate to lanceolate bractlets in (1-) 2-3 series, distinct (appressed before flowering, recurved to spreading or reflexed in fruit), unequal (shorter than phyllaries, margins scarious, ciliate or not, apices corniculate, callous, or neither) . Involucres campanulate to cylindro-campanulate or urceolate to cylindric, 8-40 mm diam. Phyllaries 7-25 in 2(-3) series, weakly coherent proximally in buds (interlocking folded margins), distinct later, erect (sometimes slightly spreading) in flower, closing at fruit maturation, reflexed at dispersal (exposing globes of cypselae with fully spread pappi), ± equal, herbaceous, glabrous; inner lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, margins scarious, ciliate or not, apices acuminate, sometimes corniculate, callous, or flat. Receptacles ± flat, epaleate. Florets (15-) 20-150; corollas yellow, sometimes greenish, rarely cream or pale pink [white], often purplish- or gray-striped abaxially (anthers yellow or yellow-cream, sometimes darker; styles yellow or greenish, sometimes grayish to blackish) . Cypselae straw-colored to olive, brown, or red to pale or dark gray, bodies oblanceoloid to obovoid, ± flattened (distally ± swollen, forming discrete, conic, or terete "cones" supporting beaks [without cones]), beaked [beakless], ribs 4-12(-15), faces muricate (at least distally) [nearly smooth], glabrous; pappi persistent, of 50-105+ distinct, white to cream-colored or yellowish to sordid, equal, barbellulate bristles in 1 series. x = 8.[16] [more]

Tripteris

[more]

Troximon

[more]

Vernonanthura

[more]

Volutaria

Annuals, to 50 cm. taprooted, not spiny. Stems erect, branched, leafy. branches few-many. ascending. Leaves basal and cauline; winged-petiolate (basal and proximal cauline. or sessile (mid and distal cauline. ; blade margins entire to dentate or pinnately divided, faces villous (hairs septate), minutely glandular. Heads radiant, borne singly or in few-headed corymbiform arrays. Involucres ovoid, 10-15 mm diam. Phyllaries many in several series, unequal, appressed, ovate to lanceolate, margins entire, apices acute, tipped by ascending, spreading or reflexed, flattened spines. Receptacles flat, epaleate, bristly. Florets: peripheral neuter. corollas pink to purple, [blue, or yellow]. spreading, lobes (5-6), linear; inner fertile, corollas pink to purple, [blue, yellow, or oarea, colored like the outer or not], tubes slender, throats narrowly cylindric, lobes linear-oblong; anther bases tailed, apical appendages lanceolate; style branches: fused portions with minutely hairy nodes, distinct portions short, linear. Cypselae ± barrel-shaped. weakly compressed, ribbed, apices with prominent collars, faces pitted, attachment scars lateral (excavated, surrounded by prominent rims, with eliasomes) ; pappi persistent, of several series of many distinct. white to tawny, narrow scales. x = 8, 12, 13, 14.[17] [more]

Xeranthemum

Xeranthemum is a of the genus Xeranthemum native to Southern Europe. It has silvery flower heads with purplish tubular flowers. [more]

Xeranthemun

More info about the Genus Xeranthemun may be found here.

Bibliography

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Footnotes

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  1. John L. Strother, Ronald R. Weedon "Bidens". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 184, 185, 205, 206. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  2. David J. Keil "Carduus". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 57, 66, 83, 91, 96, 97, 122. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  3. David J. Keil "Carlina". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 28, 83, 84. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  4. David J. Keil "Carthamus". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 52, 67, 83, 178. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  5. David J. Keil, Jörg Ochsmann "Centaurea". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 52, 57, 58, 67, 83, 84, 96, 171, 172, 176, 177, EFloras.org.
  6. John L. Strother "Chrysanthemoides". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 12, 30, 379. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  7. "Chrysanthemum". in Flora of Pakistan V. 207 Page 45. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  8. Amy Trauth Nare "Doronicum". in Flora of North America Vol. 20 Page 540, 542, 611. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  9. Guy L. Nesom "Erigeron". in Flora of North America Vol. 20 Page 3,9, 11, 12, 14, 17, 36, 204, 256, 257, 334. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  10. Guy L. Nesom "Helichrysum". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 59, 384, 387, 425. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  11. R. David Whetstone, Kristin R. Brodeur "Launaea". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 214, 215, 216, 217, 219, 272. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  12. Theodore M. Barkley "Ligularia". in Flora of North America Vol. 20 Page 540, 542, 613. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  13. John L. Strother "Picris". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 219, 302. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  14. Theodore M. Barkley "Senecio". in Flora of North America Vol. 20 Page 540,541, 542, 543, 544, 545, 570, 615. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  15. Linda E. Watson "Tanacetum". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 31, 48, 49, 52, 53, 68, 486, 488, 489. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  16. Luc Brouillet "Taraxacum". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 8, 215, 239, 240, 241, 242. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  17. David J. Keil "Volutaria". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 67, 84, 174. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Sources

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Last Revised: September 22, 2009
2009/09/22 23:45:54