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Cichorioideae

(Subfamily)

Overview

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A Subfamily in the Kingdom Plantae.

Taxonomy

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The Subfamily Cichorioideae is a member of the Family Compositae. Here is the complete "parentage" of Cichorioideae:

The Subfamily Cichorioideae is further organized into finer groupings including:

Genera

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Agoseris

Agoseris is a small genus of liguliferous herbs in the Asteraceae or sunflower family. In general appearance they are reminiscent of dandelions and are sometimes called mountain dandelion or false dandelion. Like dandelions the plants are (mostly) stemless, the leaves being all basal and forming a rosette, contain milky sap, produce several unbranched, stem-like flower stalks (peduncles), each flower stalk bearing a single, erect flower head that contains several yellow florets, the flower head maturing into a ball-like seed head of beaked achenes, each achene with a pappus of numerous, white bristles. [more]

Alogyne

[more]

Andryala

Andryala is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]

Arctotis

Arctotis is a genus of about 40-50 species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to southern Africa, from South Africa north to Angola. Some of the plants are alternatively placed in the genus Venidium. Many are called by the common name "African daisy", or "Gousblom" in Afrikaans. Some species have been developed as popular horticultural items because of their attractive yellow, orange, red, or white flowers. Gardeners cultivate some species as half-hardy annuals. [more]

Arnoseris

Arnoseris is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]

Askellia

[more]

Baccharoides

[more]

Berkheya

[more]

Bothriocline

[more]

Caryocar

Caryocar (souari trees) is a genus of flowering plants, in the South American family Caryocaraceae. There are 15 species in this genus, all trees that yield a strong timber. Eight species within the genus Caryocar have edible fruits, called souari-nuts or sawarri-nuts. The most well-known species is probably the Pekea-nut (C. nuciferum). In Brazil the Pequi (C. brasiliense) is most popular; it has a variety of uses, not the least among them being the production of pequi oil. Furthermore, some species are used by indigenous peoples to produce poisons for hunting. [more]

Caryophyllus

[more]

Catananche

Catananche is a genus of the botanical family Asteraceae. [more]

Centradenia

[more]

Centranthus

Centranthus is a flowering plant genus comprising herbs and subshrubs native to Southern Europe. [more]

Centratherum

Perennials (or functionally annuals), 1-3(-8+) dm (stems sometimes rooting at proximal nodes). Leaves cauline; sessile or petiolate, petioles ± winged; blades ovate to obovate, lanceolate, or linear, bases ± cuneate, margins toothed, apices acute, abaxial faces usually ± hirtellous to strigillose or tomentose, sometimes nearly glabrous, adaxial faces sparsely scabrellous or glabrate, both usually resin-gland-dotted. Heads discoid (pedunculate, each subtended by 3-8+, ± foliaceous bracts), borne singly. Involucres ± hemispheric, 6-12(-18+) mm diam. Phyllaries 24-50+ in 4-8+ series, each proximally firm, distally ± scarious, the outer ovate to deltate or lanceolate, inner oblong to lanceolate, margins entire, tips rounded to acute, usually apiculate to seta-tipped or attenuate-spinose, abaxial faces glabrous or sparsely strigillose to tomentose and usually ± resin-gland-dotted distally. Florets 30-50(-100+) ; corollas usually lavender to purplish (rarely white), tubes longer than funnelform throats, lobes 5, lance-linear, ± equal. Cypselae ± columnar to plumply clavate, 8-10-ribbed, glabrous, often resin-gland-dotted; pappi caducous, of 20-40 lance-linear to subulate scales. x = 16.[1] [more]

Cephalorrhynchus

[more]

Cephalotaxus

Cephalotaxus, commonly called Plum Yew or Cowtail Pine, is a genus of conifers comprising 11 species, treated in either the Cephalotaxaceae, or in the Taxaceae when that family is considered in a broad sense. The genus is endemic to eastern Asia, though fossil evidence shows it had a wider Northern Hemisphere distribution in the past. The species are evergreen shrubs and small trees reaching 1-10 m (rarely to 20 m) tall. [more]

Chaetoseris

[more]

Chamaesium

Chamaesium is a genus of flowering plant in the Apiaceae, with 5 to 8 species. It is endemic to Central Asia, China and India. [more]

Chondrilla

Chondrilla is the scientific name shared by two genera of life-forms: [more]

Chorispora

Herbs annual or perennial. Trichomes stalked, glandular, mixed with eglandular simple ones. Stems leafy or not. Basal leaves petiolate, rosulate or not, sinuate-dentate, pinnatifid, or pinnatisect, rarely entire. Cauline leaves absent or shortly petiolate, not auriculate, similar to basal ones. Racemes ebracteate, elongated in fruit, rarely flowers solitary on long pedicels from axils of rosette leaves. Sepals ovate, oblong, or linear, erect, base of lateral pair strongly saccate. Petals yellow or purple or lavender, much longer than sepals; blade broadly obovate, obcordate or rarely oblanceolate, apex emarginate or rarely obtuse; claws strongly differentiated from blade. Stamens 6, strongly tetradynamous; filaments not dilated at base; anthers narrowly oblong or linear, obtuse at apex. Nectar glands 2 or 4, lateral, intrastaminal or 1 on each side of lateral stamen; median glands absent. Ovules (5-) 10-25(-30) per ovary. Fruit breaking into 1-seeded units, lomentaceous, linear, terete, sessile, slightly to strongly torulose or submoniliform; units indehiscent, with a thick corky or woody wall; replum flattened, persisting after segments fall off; septum becoming corky and splitting at middle; style 1.5-21 mm, beaklike; stigma conical, 2-lobed, lobes decurrent, strongly connivent. Seeds uniseriate, wingless, oblong; not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons accumbent.[2] [more]

Chrysactinium

[more]

Cicerbita

[more]

Cichorium

Cichorium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. The species are commonly known as chicory or endive ? there are two cultivated species, and four to six wild species. [more]

Cimicifuga

Cimicifuga (bugbane or cohosh) is a genus of between 12-18 species of flowering plants belonging to the family Ranunculaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. [more]

Cistus

[more]

Colignonia

[more]

Cornus

[more]

Crepis

Crepis is a genus of about 200 annual and perennial flowering plants found in the family Asterales resembling Dandelion, the main differences being that Hawksbeards have multiple flowers per plant as well as branching stems. The name Crepis derives from Greek, meaning 'shoe'. In some parts of the world the genus is known as Hawksbeard. [more]

Crinodendron

Crinodendron is a botanic with 8 species of flowering plants belonging to the family Elaeocarpaceae. [more]

Cullumia

[more]

Dendroseris

Dendroseris is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Distephanus

Distephanus is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Dubyaea

[more]

Echinops

Echinops is a genus of about 120 species of thistles in the daisy family Asteraceae, commonly known as globe thistles. They are native to Europe east to central Asia and south to the mountains of tropical Africa. [more]

Ekmania

[more]

Elephantopus

Perennials, (1-) 2-8(-12+) dm; often rhizomatous or stoloniferous. Leaves mostly basal or mostly cauline at flowering; sessile or petiolate, petioles ± winged (often clasping at bases) ; blades mostly elliptic, ovate, or obovate to lanceolate, oblanceolate, or spatulate (rarely orbiculate), bases ± cuneate, margins usually toothed (rarely entire), apices obtuse to acute, abaxial or both faces usually resin-gland-dotted. Heads ± discoid, sessile, not individually bracteate, in clusters of (1-) 10-40+ in corymbiform-paniculiform arrays 6-15(-25) cm diam. (each cluster subtended by 2-3 ± deltate bracts). Involucres ± cylindric, 1-3+ mm diam. Phyllaries 8 in 4 decussate pairs, the outer 4 ovate, inner 4 lanceolate, all ± chartaceous, margins entire, tips ± spinose to apiculate, abaxial faces of inner 4 usually dotted distally with resin glands. Florets (1-) 4(-5+) ; corollas white or pink to purple, tubes longer than abruptly funnelform throats, lobes 5, lance-linear, unequal (abaxial sinus deepest). Cypselae ± clavate, sometimes ± flattened, 10-nerved or -ribbed, strigillose to hirsutulous; pappi persistent, of 5(-6), 1-aristate scales (look closely for squamiform, gradually to abruptly tapering base of each arista). x = 11.[3] [more]

Epilasia

[more]

Eremanthus

Eremanthus Less is a genus of plants belonging to the Asteraceae family with 22 recorded species. All plants are native of Cerrado in Brazil. [more]

Eremothamnus

Eremothamnus is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Galanthus

Galanthus (Snowdrop; Greek g?la "milk", ?nthos "flower") is a small genus of about 20 species of bulbous herbaceous plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. Most flower in winter, before the vernal equinox (20 or 21 March in the Northern Hemisphere), but certain species flower in early spring and late autumn. [more]

Gazania

Gazania () is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to Southern Africa. It is often planted as drought-tolerant ground cover. [more]

Gelsemium

Gelsemium is a genus of flowering plants belonging to family Gelsemiaceae. The genus contains three species of shrubs to straggling or twining climbers. Two species are native to North America, and one to China and Southeast Asia. [more]

Glebionis

Glebionis is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to Europe and the Mediterranean region. The species were formerly treated in the genus Chrysanthemum, but a recent ruling of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature has resulted in that genus being redefined to cover the species related to the economically important florist's chrysanthemum, thereby excluding these species. [more]

Gorteria

[more]

Gundelia

The gundelia is a spiny, thistle-like flowering plant, any of several species of the genus Gundelia, in the sunflower family (Asteraceae), particularly G. tournefortii. It is found in the semi-desert areas of Syria, Israel, Jordan, Iraq, Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Anatolia. [more]

Haemanthus

Haemanthus is a Southern African genus of Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae, with some 22 known species, endemic to South Africa, Namibia and the kingdoms of Lesotho and Swaziland. About 15 species occur in the winter rainfall region of Namaqualand and the Western Cape, the remainder being found in the summer rainfall region, with one species Haemanthus albiflos occurring in both regions. [more]

Helminthia

[more]

Helminthotheca

The genus Helminthotheca is an genus, which belongs to the family Asteraceae. Its members are often treated as species of other genera:[] [more]

Helmintia

Heteracia

Heteropappus

[more]

Heuchera

The genus Heuchera () includes at least 50 species of herbaceous perennial plants in the family Saxifragaceae, all native to North America. Common names include alumroot and coral bells. They have palmately lobed leaves on long petioles, and a thick, woody rootstock. The genus was named after Johann Heinrich von Heucher (1677?1746), an 18th century German physician. [more]

Hieracium

Hieracium (pronounced ), known by the common name hawkweed and classically as hierakion (from ancient Greek hierax 'hawk'), is a genus of the sunflower (Helianthus) family Asteraceae (previously called Compositae), and closely related to dandelion (Taraxacum), chicory (Cichorium), prickly lettuce (Lactuca) and sow thistle (Sonchus), which are part of the tribe Cichorieae. Hawkweeds, with their 10,000+ recorded species and subspecies, do their part to make Asteraceae the second largest family of flowers. Some botanists group all these species or subspecies into approximately 800 accepted species, while others prefer to accept several thousand species. Since most hawkweeds reproduce exclusively asexually by means of seeds that are genetically identical to their mother plant (apomixis or agamospermy), clones or populations that consist of genetically identical plants are formed and some botanists (especially in UK, Scandinavia and Russia) prefer to accept these clones as good species (arguing that it is impossible to know how these clones are interrelated) whereas others (mainly in Central Europe and USA) try to group them into a few hundred more broadly defined species. What is here treated as the single genus Hieracium is now treated by most European experts as two different genera, Hieracium and Pilosella, with species such as Hieracium pilosella, Hieracium floribundum and Hieracium aurantiacum referred to the latter genus. Many members of the genus Pilosella reproduce both by stolons (runners like those of strawberries) and by seeds, whereas true Hieracium species reproduce only by seeds. In Pilosella, many individual plants are capable of forming both normal sexual and asexual (apomictic) seeds, whereas individual plants of Hieracium only produce one kind of seeds. Another difference is that all species of Pilosella have leaves with smooth (entire) margins whereas most species of Hieracium have distinctly dentate to deeply cut or divided leaves. [more]

Hippeastrum

Hippeastrum is a genus of about 90 species and 600+ hybrids and cultivars of bulbous plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae, native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas from Argentina north to Mexico and the Caribbean. Some species are grown for their large showy flowers. For many years there was confusion amongst botanists over the generic names Amaryllis and Hippeastrum, one result of which is that the common name "amaryllis" is mainly used for cultivars of this genus, which are widely used as indoor flowering bulbs. The generic name Amaryllis applies to bulbs from South Africa, usually grown outdoors. [more]

Hirpicium

[more]

Hoplophyllum

[more]

Humulus

Humulus, Hop, is a small genus of flowering plants native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The hop is part of the family Cannabaceae, which also includes the genera Cannabis (hemp), and Celtis (hackberries). [more]

Hymenostemma

[more]

Hyoseris

[more]

Hypocalymma

Hypocalymma is a genus of evergreen shrubs in the myrtle family Myrtaceae. It currently contains 29 species, all of which occur in southern Western Australia. [more]

Hypochaeris

Hypochaeris is a genus of plants in family Asteraceae. Species include: [more]

Hypoxidia

[more]

Hystrichophora

[more]

Illicium

Illicium (Anise-tree, Anise tree) is a genus of flowering plants containing 42 species of evergreen shrubs and small trees, and is the sole genus in family Illiciaceae. The species are native to the tropical and subtropical regions of eastern and southeastern Asia, southeastern North America, and the West Indies. [more]

Impatiens

Impatiens () is a genus of about 850?1,000 species of flowering plants, widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere and tropics. Together with the puzzling Hydrocera triflora, this genus makes up the family Balsaminaceae. Such a situation is highly unusual, and phylogenetic studies might reveal that Impatiens needs to be split up; some of its species might be closer to Hydrocera than to their presumed congeners. [more]

Ixeris

[more]

Kniphofia

Kniphofia (), also called Tritoma, Red hot poker, Torch lily or Poker plant, is a genus of plants in the family Xanthorrhoeaceae, subfamily Asphodeloideae, that includes 70 or more species native to Africa. Some species have been commercially used horticulturally and are commonly known for their bright, rocket-shaped flowers. [more]

Koelpinia

[more]

Krigia

Annuals or perennials, 3-75 cm; taprooted, fibrous-rooted, or (in K. dandelion) with rhizomes bearing globose tubers. Stems 1-50+, usually erect, rarely decumbent, scapiform or branched distally, glabrous or sparingly villous (proximally). glandular-villous (especially distally). Leaves mostly basal, sometimes cauline; petiolate (petioles often winged) ; blades linear to lanceolate, oblanceolate, or spatulate, margins entire, denticulate, or irregularly pinnately lobed, apices acute to obtuse (faces glabrous or glandular-villous, usually glaucous in K. dandelion and K. biflora) ; distal cauline usually slightly reduced to bractlike. Heads borne singly. Peduncles not distally inflated, ebracteate (from rosettes and from axils of cauline leaves or bracts). Calyculi 0. Involucres turbinate to campanulate, 2-12 mm diam. Phyllaries (4-) 5-18 in 1-2 series, (sometimes reflexed in fruit) linear-lanceolate to ovate, equal, herbaceous, apices acute (faces glabrous). Receptacles flat or low-convex, pitted. glabrous, epaleate. Florets 5-60; corollas yellow to orange (equaling or surpassing phyllaries). Cypselae brown or reddish brown, columnar, obconic, barrel-shaped, or fusiform, not beaked, nerves or ribs 10-20, glabrous ; pappi 0, or persistent, often fragile, usually in 2 series, distinct, outer of 5+, yellowish or brownish scales, inner of 5-45, barbellulate bristles (pappi 0 in K. cespitosa, 0 or 1 series of tiny scales in K. wrightii). x = (4) 5 (6, 9).[4] [more]

Lactuca

Annuals or biennials, 15-450+ cm; taprooted. Stems usually 1, usually erect, branched distally or throughout, glabrous or hairy (sometimes hispid to setose) . Leaves basal and cauline or mostly cauline (at flowering) ; sessile or petiolate; blades orbiculate, ovate, oblong, or lanceolate to oblanceolate, linear, or filiform, margins entire or denticulate to pinnately lobed (faces glabrous or hairy, often ± setose) . Heads borne singly or in corymbiform to paniculiform arrays. Peduncles not inflated distally, sometimes bracteate. Calyculi of 3-10+, deltate to lanceolate bractlets in 2-3 series (sometimes intergrading with phyllaries) . Involucres campanulate to cylindric, 2-5[-8+] mm diam. Phyllaries 5-13+ in ± 2 series (erect or reflexed in fruit), lanceolate to linear, usually subequal to equal, margins sometimes scarious, apices obtuse to acute. Receptacles flat to convex, pitted, glabrous, epaleate. Florets 6-50+; corollas yellow, bluish, or whitish. Cypselae reddish brown, tan, whitish, or purplish to blackish, bodies compressed to flattened, elliptic to oblong, beaks stout (0.1-1 mm, gradually or weakly set off from bodies) or filiform (2-6 mm, sharply set off from bodies), ribs 1-9 on each face, faces often transversely rugulose, usually glabrous; pappi persistent (borne on discs at tips of cypselae or beaks), obscurely double (spp. 1-2), each a minute, erose corona 0.05-0.2 mm subtending 40-80+, white or fuscous, ± equal, barbellate to barbellulate bristles in 1-2 series, or simple (spp. 3-10) of 80-120+, white, ± equal, barbellulate to nearly smooth bristles in 2-3+ series. x = 9.[5] [more]

Lapsana

Lapsana is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, containing a single species, Lapsana communis (Nipplewort). It is native to Europe and northern Asia. [more]

Launaea

Launaea is a genus of flowering plant in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following 54 species, infra-taxons and synonymes excluded : [more]

Leontodon

Hawkbits (Leontodon spp.) are dandelion-like flowers in the family Asteraceae (Compositae). Their English name derives from the mediæval belief that hawks ate the plant to improve their eyesight. Although originally native to Eurasia and North Africa, they have since become established in other countries, including the United States and New Zealand. [more]

Lepidaploa

Lepidaploa is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Lessingianthus

[more]

Leucogenes

[more]

Liabum

Liabum is a genus of flowering plant in the Asteraceae family. [more]

Lychnophora

[more]

Malacothrix

Malacothrix may refer to: [more]

Microseris

Microseris is a large genus of the family Asteraceae, represented on several continents. Common names include murnong, yam daisy, and silverpuffs. [more]

Mulgedium

Perennials [annuals or biennials], 15-100+ cm; ± rhizomatous. Stems usually 1, usually erect, branched distally, glabrous or glabrate. Leaves basal and cauline or mostly cauline; petiolate (basal) or sessile; blades oblong, elliptic, or ovate to lanceolate or linear, margins entire or dentate to pinnately lobed (faces glabrous, often glaucous). Heads borne singly or in corymbiform to paniculiform arrays. Peduncles not inflated distally, usually bracteate. Calyculi of 3-13+, deltate to lanceolate bractlets (sometimes intergrading with phyllaries). Involucres cylindric, 2-5[-8+] mm diam. Phyllaries 8-13+ in 1-2 series, lanceolate to linear, subequal to equal, margins little, if at all, scarious, apices acute. Receptacles flat, pitted, glabrous, epaleate. Florets (10-) 15-50+; corollas usually bluish [yellow]. Cypselae reddish brown to brown-mottled or slatey [blackish], bodies ± compressed, lanceoloid, beaks 0 (or gradually set off from and ± concolorous with bodies), ribs 4-6 on each face, faces glabrous [scabrid]; pappi persistent (borne on discs at tips of cypselae or beaks), of 80-120+, whitish, ± equal, barbellulate to nearly smooth bristles in 2-3+ series. x = 9.[6] [more]

Munnozia

Munnozia is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains, inter alia, the following species: [more]

Mycelis

Annuals or perennials, (10-) 40-90+ cm; taprooted. Stems usually 1, usually erect, branched distally, glabrous. Leaves basal and cauline (mostly cauline at flowering) ; proximal ± petiolate, distal ± sessile; blades oblanceolate to spatulate (bases often clasping), margins pinnately lobed (lyrate to runcinate, terminal lobes ± deltate) and ± sharply dentate (faces glabrous). Heads in paniculiform to thyrsiform arrays. Peduncles not inflated distally, sometimes bracteolate. Calyculi of 2-4 (often spreading to patent), ± deltate to lanceolate bractlets in 1 series. Involucres narrowly cylindric, 1-2+ mm diam. Phyllaries (4-) 5 in 1(-2) series (reflexed in fruit), linear, equal, margins little, if at all, scarious, apices rounded. Receptacles flat to convex, weakly pitted, glabrous, epaleate. Florets 5; corollas yellow. Cypselae: bodies blackish to reddish, compressed, obovoid to lanceoloid, beaks whitish, stout, ribs 5-7 on each face, faces scabrellous; pappi persistent (borne on discs at tips of beaks), white; outer of 12-20+, minute setae, inner of 60-80+, white, subequal, barbellulate bristles in 1-2+ series. x = 9.[7] [more]

Myoporum

Myoporum is a genus of flowering plants in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae (formerly placed in Myoporaceae). There are about 32 species within the genus, which is spread from Mauritius, across Australia to the Pacific Islands and up to China. [more]

Oligactis

Oligactis is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Palaeocyanus

The Maltese Rock Centaury, also known as Widnet il-Bahar, is the national plant of Malta. The plant is to the Maltese Islands. It is the only plant which has Palaeocyanus as its genus. It is quite commonly found in the limits of Wied Babu in Malta. [more]

Parsonsia

Lianas woody, latex white. Leaves opposite. Cymes corymbose or paniculate, dichotomous, terminal or axillary, pedunculate. Flowers small. Calyx with basal glands inside or 5-scaled. Corolla salverform, tube short, hairy inside distally, faucal scales absent, lobes overlapping to right. Stamens inserted at middle of corolla tube or at throat; filaments long, strongly intertwisted or geniculate; anthers narrowly sagittate, exserted, glutinous, connivent into a subcylindric cone, adherent to middle of pistil head, cells with an empty tail; disc 5-lobed or 5-scaled. Ovaries 2; ovules numerous in each carpel. Style filiform; pistil head thickened, apex entire or 2-cleft. Follicles 2, terete, parallel or divergent. Seeds linear or oblong, apex crowned with coma; endosperm scanty; cotyledons very narrowly oblong, flat, radicle superior.[8] [more]

Picris

Picris (oxtongues) is a genus in the family Asteraceae (or Compositae). [more]

Pilosella

Hieracium (pronounced ), known by the common name hawkweed and classically as hierakion (from ancient Greek hierax 'hawk'), is a genus of the sunflower (Helianthus) family Asteraceae (previously called Compositae), and closely related to dandelion (Taraxacum), chicory (Cichorium), prickly lettuce (Lactuca) and sow thistle (Sonchus), which are part of the tribe Cichorieae. Hawkweeds, with their 10,000+ recorded species and subspecies, do their part to make Asteraceae the second largest family of flowers. Some botanists group all these species or subspecies into approximately 800 accepted species, while others prefer to accept several thousand species. Since most hawkweeds reproduce exclusively asexually by means of seeds that are genetically identical to their mother plant (apomixis or agamospermy), clones or populations that consist of genetically identical plants are formed and some botanists (especially in UK, Scandinavia and Russia) prefer to accept these clones as good species (arguing that it is impossible to know how these clones are interrelated) whereas others (mainly in Central Europe and USA) try to group them into a few hundred more broadly defined species. What is here treated as the single genus Hieracium is now treated by most European experts as two different genera, Hieracium and Pilosella, with species such as Hieracium pilosella, Hieracium floribundum and Hieracium aurantiacum referred to the latter genus. Many members of the genus Pilosella reproduce both by stolons (runners like those of strawberries) and by seeds, whereas true Hieracium species reproduce only by seeds. In Pilosella, many individual plants are capable of forming both normal sexual and asexual (apomictic) seeds, whereas individual plants of Hieracium only produce one kind of seeds. Another difference is that all species of Pilosella have leaves with smooth (entire) margins whereas most species of Hieracium have distinctly dentate to deeply cut or divided leaves. [more]

Piptocarpha

[more]

Prenanthes

Prenanthes is a genus of plants in the family Asteraceae, often referred to as Rattlesnake root. [more]

Raphanus

Raphanus is a genus within the flowering plant family Brassicaceae. Two or three species are currently classified in Raphanus. They include the cultivated radish, Raphanus sativus and the common wild radish or jointed charlock, R. raphanistrum. Some authors accept the podding or rattail radish, R. caudatus as a third member of the genus, while others treat it as a variety of R. sativus. Substantial numbers of other species in the genus have been proposed at various times, but almost all are currently regarded as varieties of R. sativus, while a few are treated as varieties of R. raphanistrum or are not accepted as well-described species. Examples are R. raphanistrum ssp. landra and R. raphanistrum ssp. maritimus (Sea Radish). [more]

Reichardia

[more]

Rhagadiolus

Annuals, 5-60+ cm; taprooted. Stems usually 1, erect, branched distally, glabrous. Leaves basal and cauline (mostly cauline at flowering) ; basal sessile or ± petiolate, distal ± sessile; blades ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate or linear (often runcinate), margins entire or dentate to pinnately lobed (faces glabrous or ± hispid). Heads in ± corymbiform arrays (terminal heads often surpassed by others). Peduncles not inflated, rarely bracteolate. Calyculi of 5, ovate to deltate bractlets. Involucres campanulate to cylindric, 2-4+ mm diam. (larger in fruit). Phyllaries (3-) 5-8 in 1 series (closely enfolding ovaries/cypselae of subtended florets; ± patent in fruit), linear, equal, margins often scarious, apices acuminate (abaxially glabrous or ± hispid to scabrous). Receptacles ± flat, smooth or ± pitted, glabrous, epaleate. Florets 5-6(-10+) ; corollas yellow. Cypselae brownish, heteromorphic; outer (tardily falling with enfolding phyllary) ± terete, narrowed distally, straight to arcuate, not beaked, ribs 0, faces glabrous; inner (readily falling) terete, straight to ± coiled, faces glabrous or closely hirtellous; pappi 0. x = 5.[9] [more]

Rolandra

[more]

Scariola

Scolymus

Scolymus (golden thistle or oyster thistle) is a genus of three species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to the Mediterranean region and western Europe north to northwestern France. [more]

Scorzonera

Annuals, biennials, or perennials [subshrubs], 5-100+ cm; taprooted. Stems 1, erect, branched from bases and/or distally, glabrous or hairy. Leaves basal and cauline; basal sessile or petiolate, distal sessile; blades ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate or linear, margins entire or pinnately lobed to pinnatisect (faces glabrous or ± arachnose [tomentose]). Heads borne singly or in loose, corymbiform arrays. Peduncles not inflated, sometimes bracteate. Calyculi 0. Involucres ovoid to cylindric, 6-12[-16+] mm diam. (larger in fruit). Phyllaries 18-30+ in 3-5+ series, deltate or ovate to lanceolate or lance-linear (± flat proximally, not enfolding subtended florets), unequal, margins scarious, apices obtuse to acute. Receptacles flat, pitted, glabrous, epaleate. Florets 30-100+; corollas whitish to yellow or purplish. Cypselae whitish to brownish, narrowly columnar to obclavate or fusiform (sometimes ± stipitate), not beaked, nerves usually 10, sometimes 0, faces mostly glabrous, sometimes distally villosulous [lanate]; pappi persistent, of 28-50+, whitish, subequal, plumose to barbellate, subulate to setiform scales in 2-3 series. x = 7.[10] [more]

Shinnersoseris

Annuals, 5-85 cm (herbage glabrous) ; taprooted (roots deep, slender to thick). Stems usually 1, erect, simple proximally, branched distally, glabrous. Leaves cauline (opposite proximally) ; ± sessile; blades linear to filiform, margins entire. Heads borne singly. Peduncles not inflated distally, usually bracteate. Calyculi of 8, ovate to lanceolate bractlets. Involucres narrowly cylindric, 4-5 mm diam. Phyllaries 8 in 1-2 series, linear, margins scarious, apices acute (keeled). Receptacles flat, pitted, glabrous, epaleate. Florets 8-11; corollas pale purple or lavender, with white-tips. Cypselae pale green or tan, subcylindric to ± fusiform, apices abruptly constricted, not beaked, ribs 8-10, scabrous distally; pappi of 30-50, basally connate, white, ± equal, smooth or barbellulate bristles in ± 1 series. x = 6.[11] [more]

Sisymbrella

[more]

Sonchus

Sonchus is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family Asteraceae. Most of the species are annual herbs, a few are perennial, and some (restricted to the Canary Islands) are even woody (subgenus Dendrosonchus) [more]

Soroseris

[more]

Stephanomeria

Stephanomeria is a genus of plants also known as wirelettuce, belonging to the family Asteraceae. The ten perennial and six annual species are restricted to western North America. [more]

Steptorhamphus

[more]

Stokesia

Perennials, 2-5+ dm; perhaps rhizomatous. Leaves basal and cauline; proximal petiolate, blades ovate to lanceolate or lance-linear; distal ± sessile, blades ovate or elliptic to lanceolate or lance-linear, bases ± clasping, margins entire or spinose-toothed; all with apices rounded to acute, faces glabrous or glabrate, resin-gland-dotted. Heads pseudo-radiant (see here at corollas), ± pedunculate, not individually bracteate; borne singly or in loose, ± corymbiform arrays 6-12 cm diam. Involucres ± hemispheric, 25-45 mm diam. Phyllaries 25-35+ in 5-7 series, the outer with appressed, ± chartaceous bases, distally ± foliaceous, margins pectinately spiny-toothed (at least at base), inner ± chartaceous throughout, mostly entire, faces ± tomentulose and resin-gland-dotted. Florets 12-35(-70+) ; corollas usually blue to purplish blue (rarely white or lilac), tubes longer than funnelform throats, lobes 5, lance-linear (in peripheral florets adaxial sinus much deeper than others and corollas zygomorphic, ± raylike or ligulelike, in central florets corollas ± actinomorphic). Cypselae ± columnar, 3-4-angled, glabrous; pappi caducous, of 4-5 scales. x = 7.[12] [more]

Taraxacum

The common name Dandelion is given to species of the genus Taraxacum, a large genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. In the Asteraceae (formerly Compositae) the 'flowers' are morphologically a composite flower head consisting of many tiny flowers called florets. The dandelion is native to Europe and Asia, and has been introduced to many other places. Taraxacum species reproduce asexually by means of apomixis and seed production commonly occurs without pollination. [more]

Thlaspi

Thlaspi are a genus of herbs of temperate regions. The rare species T. perfoliatum occurs primarily in Oxfordshire, England and is protected under the UK Biodiversity Action Plan. [more]

Tolpis

Annuals [perennials, shrubs], 5-100+ cm; taprooted. Stems usually 1, erect, branched distally, glabrous or hairy. Leaves basal and cauline; basal sessile or petiolate, distal usually sessile; blades ovate-lanceolate or oblanceolate to lanceolate or linear, margins entire or dentate to pinnately lobed or pinnatisect (faces glabrous or sparsely pubescent or arachnose to villous). Heads borne singly or in loose, corymbiform arrays (terminal heads often surpassed by others). Peduncles not inflated, bracteate. Calyculi of 8-13, linear to filiform bractlets (often intergrading with peduncular bracts). Involucres campanulate, 5-10[-15+] mm diam. (larger in fruit). Phyllaries 20-25+ in 2+ series, lance-linear to linear (± navicular proximally, enfolding ovaries/cypselae of subtended florets, sometimes keeled abaxially), subequal to equal, margins little, if at all, scarious, apices filiform, faces ± arachnose. Receptacles flat, pitted, glabrous, epaleate. Florets 30-100+; corollas mostly yellow (inner sometimes purplish or brown). Cypselae brownish to blackish, ± columnar [obconic], not beaked, ribs or nerves usually 6-8(-10), faces glabrous or ± hirtellous; pappi persistent, of 4-15(-30+), whitish, smooth or barbellulate, setiform scales plus bristles (often equal on outer cypselae and unequal on inner ones). x = 9.[13] [more]

Tragopogon

Tragopogon, also known as salsify or goatsbeard, is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family Asteraceae that has over 140 species, including the vegetable known as salsify, as well as a number of common wild flowers, some of which are usually regarded as weeds. [more]

Urospermum

Annuals [perennials], 10-40(-60+) cm; taprooted. Stems usually 1, erect, branched distally, setose to hispid or glabrous [pilosulous]. Leaves mostly cauline (at flowering) [mostly basal]; proximal ± petiolate, distal sessile; blades of the proximal mostly obovate to oblong-obovate, usually pinnately lobed or dentate, distal ovate to linear (bases often clasping), ultimate margins dentate or entire (veins often setose on abaxial faces). Heads borne singly or in loose, corymbiform arrays. Peduncles little, if at all, inflated distally, rarely bracteate. Calyculi 0. Involucres ± urceolate, 10-20+ mm diam. Phyllaries 7-8(-12+) in 1(-2) series, ovate-lanceolate to lance-linear (basally connate), subequal, margins scarious, apices acuminate. Receptacles flat to convex, pitted, hispid, epaleate. Florets 20-50+; corollas yellow, sometimes striped abaxially with red. Cypselae brown, bodies flattened-oblong, ± tuberculate, faces glabrous or scabrellous, beaks proximally dilated and tuberculate, distally acuminate and scabrous to scabrellous; pappi readily falling, of 18-22+ white [buff to rufous], subequal, plumose bristles in 1(-2) series (basally connate, falling together). . = 5, 7?.[14] [more]

Venidium

Venidium is a genus of flowering plants in Family . Some species are alternatively placed in genus Arctotis. There are 20 to 30 annual and perennial species of Venidium, mostly in South Africa. V. fatuosum (Arctotis fatuosa) appears as many horticultural varieties. Most species occur in South Africa. [more]

Vernonanthera

[more]

Vernonanthura

[more]

Vernonia

Vernonia is a genus of about 1000 species of forbs and shrubs in the family Asteraceae. Some species are known as Ironweed. Some species are edible and of economic value. They are known for having intense purple flowers. The genus is named for English botanist . There are numerous distinct subgenera and subsections in this genus. This has led some botanists to divide this large genus into smaller groups which separate the species into distinct genera. For instance, the Flora of North America only recognizes about 20 species, 17 of which are in North America north of Mexico, with the other two or three being found in South America. [more]

Wigginsia

Parodia is a of cacti. This genus has about 50 species, ranging from small globose plants to 1-m tall columnar cacti. [more]

Youngia

Youngia is an Asiatic genus of Asteraceae. There are several weed species in the genus including the endangered Youngia nilgiriensis Babcock from Sispara and Youngia japonica, which is also known as Japanese Hawkweed. [more]

At least 101 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Youngia.

More info about the Genus Youngia may be found here.

Bibliography

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Footnotes

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  1. John L. Strother "Centratherum". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 67, 201, 206. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  2. "Chorispora". in Flora of China Vol. 8 Page 147. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  3. John L. Strother "Elephantopus". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 64, 201, 202. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  4. Kenton L. Chambers, Robert J. O'Kennon "Krigia". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 217, 219, 362, 363. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  5. John L. Strother "Lactuca". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 216, 258, 259. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  6. John L. Strother "Mulgedium". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 215, 219, 258,
    259. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  7. John L. Strother "Mycelis". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 215, 216, 257. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  8. "Parsonsia". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 172. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  9. John L. Strother "Rhagadiolus". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 214, 218, 300. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  10. John L. Strother "Scorzonera". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 218, 306. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  11. David J. Bogler "Shinnersoseris". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 214, 219, 368, 370. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  12. John L. Strother "Stokesia". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 11, 67, 200, 201. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  13. John L. Strother "Tolpis". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 218, 277. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  14. John L. Strother "Urospermum". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 215, 296. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Sources

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Last Revised: August 24, 2012
2012/08/24 20:05:33