Overview
Taxonomy
The Subtribe Centaureinae is a member of the Tribe Cardueae. Here is the complete "parentage" of Centaureinae:
- Domain: Eukaryota
Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae
Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
- Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae
Cavalier-Smith, 1981 - Green Plants
- Phylum: Tracheophyta
Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
- Subphylum: Euphyllophytina
- Class: Magnoliopsida
Brongniart, 1843 - Dicotyledons
- Subclass: Asteridae
Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder: Campanulanae
Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Order: Asterales
Lindley, 1833
- Family: Compositae
Giseke, 1792, nom. cons., nom. alt.
- Subfamily: Carduoideae
- Tribe: Cardueae
- Subtribe: Centaureinae
- Tribe: Cardueae
- Subfamily: Carduoideae
- Family: Compositae
Giseke, 1792, nom. cons., nom. alt.
- Order: Asterales
Lindley, 1833
- Superorder: Campanulanae
Takhtajan Ex Reveal, 1992
- Subclass: Asteridae
Takhtajan, 1967
- Class: Magnoliopsida
Brongniart, 1843 - Dicotyledons
- Subphylum: Euphyllophytina
- Phylum: Tracheophyta
Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
- Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae
Cavalier-Smith, 1981 - Green Plants
- Kingdom: Plantae
Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
The Subtribe Centaureinae is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Genus (18): Acroptilon · Amberboa · Callicephalus · Carduncellus · Carthamus · Centaurea · Centaurodendron · Chartolepis · Cnicus · Crupina · Leuzea · Oligochaeta · Rhaponticum · Serratula · Stizolophus · Tricholepis · Volutaria · Zoegea
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 2,191 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in the Subtribe Centaureinae.
Genera
Acroptilon
Russian Knapweed (Acroptilon repens) is a bushy rhizomatous perennial, up to 8 dm tall. Stems and leaves are finely arachnoid-tomentose becoming glabrous and green with age. The rosette leaves are oblanceolate, pinnately lobed to entire, 2?3 cm wide by 3?8 cm long. The lower cauline leaves are smaller, pinnately lobed; the upper leaves become much reduced, sessile, serrate to entire. The heads are numerous terminating the branches. Flowers are pink to purplish, the marginal ones not enlarged. The outer and middle involucral bracts are broad, striate, smooth with broadly rounded tips; the inner bracts are narrower with hairy tips. Pappus present with bristles 6?11 mm long. Fruit is a whitish, slightly ridged achene. [more]
Amberboa
Amberboa is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Callicephalus
Carduncellus
Carthamus
The Carthamus (Cár-tha-mus) genre has mostly Mediterranean thorny plants of the Asteraceae family. [more]
Centaurea
Centaurea ( "Cen-tau-r?-a") is a genus of between 350 and 600 species of herbaceous thistle-like flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Members of the genus are found only north of the equator, mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere; the Middle East and surrounding regions are particularly species-rich. Common names for this genus are starthistles, knapweeds, centaureas and the more ambiguous "bluets"; a vernacular name used for these plants in parts of England is "loggerheads". The Plectocephalus group ? possibly a distinct genus ? is known as basketflowers. "Cornflowers" is used for a few species, but that term more often specifically means C. cyanus (sometimes also called "Basket Flower"). And while one sometimes finds the name "centauries", this properly refers to the unrelated plant genus Centaurium. [more]
Centaurodendron
Centaurodendron is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Chartolepis
Cnicus
Cnicus benedictus (St. Benedict's thistle, blessed thistle, holy thistle or spotted thistle), was the sole species in the genus Cnicus, but has been reclassified as Centaurea benedicta. (Note, this is not the same as milk thistle.) [more]
Crupina
Annuals, 20-100 cm, not spiny. Stems erect, openly branched distally. Leaves basal and cauline (distally reduced to bracts) ; sessile (basal) or petiolate (cauline) ; blade margins entire or toothed to pinnately divided (basal) or 1-2-pinnately divided (cauline). Heads radiant, borne singly or clustered at branch tips. Involucres cylindric to ovoid. Phyllaries overlapping in 4-6 series, unequal, oblong-lanceolate, acute, unappendaged . Receptacles flat. epaleate, bearing subulate scales. Florets 3-15, outer 2-14 neuter, inner 1-2 fertile; corollas purple, ± bilateral, tubes slender, gradually expanded into narrowly funnelform throats. lobes linear; anther bases short-tailed, apical appendages narrowly triangular; style branches: fused portions with minutely puberulent nodes, distinct portions very short, triangular. Cypselae cylindric [or ± compressed], bases puberulent, faces smooth, not ribbed, distally softly pubescent, attachment scars basal. or lateral. ; pappi persistent. present only on fertile florets, outer 1-2 series of numerous stiff, minutely barbed bristles. inner of 5-10 short lacerate-dentate scales. x = 28, 30.[1] [more]
Leuzea
Oligochaeta
Rhaponticum
Rhaponticum is a Genus of plants in the Asteraceae family. [more]
Serratula
Serratula is a genus of at least 17 species in the daisy family native to the old world. Serratula as traditionally defined contains at least two groups: one of which is basal within the subtribe Centaureinae and one of which is derived; the former group can be moved to the genus . [more]
Stizolophus
Tricholepis
Volutaria
Annuals, to 50 cm. taprooted, not spiny. Stems erect, branched, leafy. branches few-many. ascending. Leaves basal and cauline; winged-petiolate (basal and proximal cauline. or sessile (mid and distal cauline. ; blade margins entire to dentate or pinnately divided, faces villous (hairs septate), minutely glandular. Heads radiant, borne singly or in few-headed corymbiform arrays. Involucres ovoid, 10-15 mm diam. Phyllaries many in several series, unequal, appressed, ovate to lanceolate, margins entire, apices acute, tipped by ascending, spreading or reflexed, flattened spines. Receptacles flat, epaleate, bristly. Florets: peripheral neuter. corollas pink to purple, [blue, or yellow]. spreading, lobes (5-6), linear; inner fertile, corollas pink to purple, [blue, yellow, or oarea, colored like the outer or not], tubes slender, throats narrowly cylindric, lobes linear-oblong; anther bases tailed, apical appendages lanceolate; style branches: fused portions with minutely hairy nodes, distinct portions short, linear. Cypselae ± barrel-shaped. weakly compressed, ribbed, apices with prominent collars, faces pitted, attachment scars lateral (excavated, surrounded by prominent rims, with eliasomes) ; pappi persistent, of several series of many distinct. white to tawny, narrow scales. x = 8, 12, 13, 14.[2] [more]
Zoegea
At least 10 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Zoegea.
More info about the Genus Zoegea may be found here.
Bibliography
- Briquet, J. 1930. Carpologie du genre Crupina. Candollea 4: 241278.
- Briquet, J. 1930b. Les émergences et trichomes de Crupina. Candollea 4: 191201.
Footnotes
- David J. Keil "Crupina". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 67, 83, 177, 178. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- David J. Keil "Volutaria". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 67, 84, 174. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Sources
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