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Caryophylloideae

(Subfamily)

Overview

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A Subfamily in the Kingdom Plantae.

Taxonomy

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The Subfamily Caryophylloideae is a member of the Family Cornaceae. Here is the complete "parentage" of Caryophylloideae:

The Subfamily Caryophylloideae is further organized into finer groupings including:

Genera

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Acanthophyllum

Herbs suffruticose. Stems caespitose, erect, many branched. Leaves subulate or linear-lanceolate, spinose. Flowers in panicles, corymbs, or capitula; bracts leaflike, ovate, lanceolate, or needlelike, margin sometimes spinose. Calyx tubular or campanulate, membranous between veins, 5(--15) -veined, apex 5-toothed. Petals 5, red, rarely white; claw long, narrow; limb apically entire, rarely retuse. Gynophore short, rarely long. Stamens 10, in 2 series, those inserted opposite petals shorter. Ovary 1-loculed; ovules 4--10. Styles 2. Capsule suboblong or subglobose, membranous proximally, irregularly transversely dehiscent or toothed. Seeds 1 or 2, subreniform, slightly compressed; embryo annular.[1] [more]

Agrostemma

Agrostemma is a genus of annual plants in the Caryophyllaceae family, containing the species known as corncockles. Its best-known member is A. githago, the Common Corncockle, which is a native of Europe where it is simply called "the Corncockle". The species is a weed of cereals and other crops, probably with a centre of origin in the eastern Mediterranean. Nowadays declining in its native range because of improved seed cleaning, it is found as a weed worldwide. , the Slender Corncockle, is only found in central Greece near the city of Farsala. Corncockle is an attractive plant, and its seeds are still commercially available to gardeners. [more]

Anarthrophyllum

Anarthrophyllum is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae. It belongs to the sub family Faboideae. [more]

Argylia

Argylia is a genus of flowering plants that is a member of the family Bignoniaceae. [more]

Azara

[more]

Calandrinia

The plant genus Calandrinia contains many species of purslane, including the redmaids. The genus was named for Jean Louis Calandrini, an 18th century Swiss botanist. It includes around 150 species of annual herbs which bear colorful flowers in shades of red to purple and white. Plants of this genus are native to Australia, Chile, and western North America. [more]

Calceolaria

Calceolaria L. (), also called Lady's purse, Slipper flower and Pocketbook flower, or Slipperwort, is a genus of plants in the Calceolariaceae family, sometimes classified in Scrophulariaceae by some authors. This genus consists of about 388 species of shrubs, lianas and herbs, and the geographic range extends from Patagonia to central Mexico, with its distribution centre in Andean region. Calceolaria in Latin means shoemaker. [more]

Callerya

[more]

Calyptridium

[more]

Chloraea

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Cleyera

Shrubs or trees, evergreen. Leaves petiolate; leaf blade margin entire or serrulate. Flowers bisexual, axillary, solitary or several in a cluster. Pedicel 1 cm or more, apically thickened; bracteoles 2, caducous, small, inserted near pedicel apex. Sepals 5, imbricate, unequal, basally slightly connate; outer sepals persistent, small. Petals 5, imbricate, basally connate. Stamens 25-30; filaments distinct, glabrous; anthers basifixed, 2-loculed, longitudinally dehiscent, with filiform trichomes, connective apiculate. Ovary usually glabrous, 2- or 3-loculed with 8-16 ovules per locule, placentation axile; style 1, persistent, slender, elongated, apically 2- or 3-lobed. Fruit baccate, ovoid to oblate, with several seeds per locule. Seeds blackish brown, reniform-globose to compressed globose, foveolate, shiny, glabrous; endosperm sparse; embryo curved.[2] [more]

Codonocarpus

[more]

Colquhounia

Colquhounia is a genus of six species of evergreen or semi-evergreen shrubs or subshrubs in the family Lamiaceae, native to the eastern Himalaya and southwestern China south to Thailand and Vietnam. [more]

Cornus

[more]

Crambe

Crambe is a genus of Brassicaceae native to Europe, southwest and central Asia and eastern Africa. It includes among its species seakale (Crambe maritima), grown as a leaf vegetable, Crambe cordifolia which is grown as an herbaceous border perennial, and Crambe abyssinica, which is grown for an oil from the seeds that has similar characteristics to whale oil. [more]

Crossostylis

[more]

Cucubalus

[more]

Cyclea

[more]

Daphniphyllum

Daphniphyllum is a genus of in the family Daphniphyllaceae, including about 25 species, all evergreen shrubs and trees native to east and southeast Asia. In older classifications the genus was treated in the family Euphorbiaceae. [more]

Dianthus

Dianthus is a genus of about 300 species of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, native mainly to Europe and Asia, with a few species extending south to north Africa, and one species (D. repens) in arctic North America. Common names include carnation (D. caryophyllus), pink (D. plumarius and related species) and sweet william (D. barbatus). The name Dianthus is from the Greek words dios ("god") and anthos ("flower"), and was cited by the Greek botanist Theophrastus. [more]

Diascia

[more]

Dipteris

[more]

Drypis

[more]

Eriophyton

Herbs perennial, lanate. Roots thick, terete. Leaf blade rhombic to subcircular, lower stem leaves sometimes reduced, scalelike. Verticillasters 6-flowered, compact or basally widely spaced; bracteoles spinelike. Flowers sessile. Calyx broadly campanulate, ± transparent, 10-veined; teeth 5, subequal, triangular, apex acuminate. Corolla purplish to reddish, 2-lipped; tube included, without hairy annulus inside; upper lip broad, galeate, incurved, covering lower lip; lower lip subpatent, 3-lobed; middle lobe slightly larger than lateral lobes, emarginate to rounded; lateral lobes circular. Stamens 4, anterior 2 longer, apex dentate, ascending beneath upper lip. Posterior filaments basally thickened; anthers close together in pairs, cells 2, apex divaricate, confluent, villous. Style apex subequally 2-cleft, lobes subulate. Ovary glabrous. Nutlets broadly triquetrous, oblong, large, apex rounded, smooth.[3] [more]

Euscaphis

[more]

Fouquieria

Fouquieria is a genus of 11 species of desert plants, the sole genus in the family Fouquieriaceae. The genus includes the ocotillo (F. splendens) and the boojum tree or cirio (F. columnaris). They have semi-succulent stems with thinner spikes projecting from them, with leaves on the bases spikes. They are unrelated to cacti and do not look much like them; their stems are proportionately thinner than cactus stems and their leaves are larger. [more]

Geranium

Geranium is a genus of 422 species of flowering annual, biennial, and perennial plants that are commonly known as the cranesbills. It is found throughout the temperate regions of the world and the mountains of the tropics, but mostly in the eastern part of the Mediterranean region. The long, palmately cleft leaves are broadly circular in form. The flowers have 5 petals and are colored white, pink, purple or blue, often with distinctive veining. Geraniums will grow in any soil as long as it is not waterlogged. Propagation is by semi-ripe cuttings in summer, by seed, or by division in autumn or spring. [more]

Gypsophila

Gypsophila ()?commonly known as baby's-breath in the United States and Canada, "soap wort"[citation needed] in the United Kingdom, elsewhere Gypsophila?is a genus of about 100 species of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, native to Europe, Asia and north Africa. Many species are found on calcium-rich soils, including gypsum, hence the name of the genus. Some species are also sometimes called "baby's breath" or simply, "Gyp", among the floral industry. Its botanical name means "lover of chalk", which is accurate in describing the type of soil in which this plant grows. [more]

Halesia

Halesia ( which is named after Stephen Hales ) , also known as (Silverbell or Snowdrop Tree) is a small genus of four or five species of deciduous large shrubs or small trees in the family Styracaceae, native to eastern Asia (southeast China) and eastern North America (southern Ontario, Canada south to Florida and eastern Texas, United States). They grow to 5-20 m tall (rarely to 39 m), and have alternate, simple ovate leaves 5-16 cm long and 3-8 cm broad. The flowers are pendulous, white or pale pink, produced in open clusters of 2-6 together, each flower 1-3 cm long. The fruit is an oblong dry drupe 2-4 cm long, with two or four narrow longitudinal ribs or wings. [more]

Haworthia

Haworthia is a genus of flowering plants within the family . They are small (typically 20 cm high) solitary or clump-forming and endemic to South Africa. Some species have firm, tough leaves, usually dark green in color, whereas other are soft and semi-translucent. Their flowers are small, white and very similar between species. But their leaves show wide variations even within one species. [more]

Hippeastrum

Hippeastrum is a genus of about 90 species and 600+ hybrids and cultivars of bulbous plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae, native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas from Argentina north to Mexico and the Caribbean. Some species are grown for their large showy flowers. For many years there was confusion amongst botanists over the generic names Amaryllis and Hippeastrum, one result of which is that the common name "amaryllis" is mainly used for cultivars of this genus, which are widely used as indoor flowering bulbs. The generic name Amaryllis applies to bulbs from South Africa, usually grown outdoors. [more]

Hosta

Hosta (, syn.: Funkia) is a genus of about 23?45 species of lily-like plants in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Agavoideae, native to northeast Asia. They have been placed in their own family, Hostaceae (or Funkiaceae); like many 'lilioid monocots', they were once classified in the Liliaceae. The scientific name is also used as the common name; in the past they were also sometimes called the Corfu Lily, the Day Lily, or the Plantain lily, but these terms are now obsolete. The name Hosta is in honor of the Austrian botanist Nicholas Thomas Host. The Japanese name Giboshi is also used in English to a small extent. The rejected generic name Funkia, also used as a common name, can be found in some older literature. [more]

Impatiens

Impatiens () is a genus of about 850?1,000 species of flowering plants, widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere and tropics. Together with the puzzling Hydrocera triflora, this genus makes up the family Balsaminaceae. Such a situation is highly unusual, and phylogenetic studies might reveal that Impatiens needs to be split up; some of its species might be closer to Hydrocera than to their presumed congeners. [more]

Juniperus

Junipers are coniferous plants in the genus Juniperus () of the cypress family Cupressaceae. Depending on taxonomic viewpoint, there are between 50-67 species of juniper, widely distributed throughout the northern hemisphere, from the Arctic, south to tropical Africa in the Old World, and to the mountains of Central America. [more]

Kniphofia

Kniphofia (), also called Tritoma, Red hot poker, Torch lily or Poker plant, is a genus of plants in the family Xanthorrhoeaceae, subfamily Asphodeloideae, that includes 70 or more species native to Africa. Some species have been commercially used horticulturally and are commonly known for their bright, rocket-shaped flowers. [more]

Lindelofia

Herbs perennial, erect, pubescent or villous. Basal leaves long petiolate; stem leaves alternate, entire. Cymes ebracteate. Calyx 5-parted to base; lobes lanceolate to linear-oblong, slightly enlarged in fruit. Corolla funnelform; tube usually longer than calyx; throat appendages elongated, curved, or oblong, rarely reduced, becoming ovate, entire at apex; lobes of limb subvertical or spreading, obtuse. Stamens inserted below throat; anthers elongated, frequently hastate at base, exserted from throat. Style filiform, exserted, thickened and persistent in fruit. Gynobase short conical. Nutlets dorsiventrally compressed, ovate, ca. 6 mm, abaxially discoid with glochids; attachment scar above middle adaxially, ovate, firmly coherent to gynobase.[4] [more]

Liriope

Liriope has two distinct meanings: [more]

Lithraea

Lithraea ( Lithrea Hook.) is a genus of flowering plants in the soapberry family Anacardiaceae. [more]

Luma

Luma may refer to : [more]

Lychnis

Lychnis () is a genus of 15-25 species of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, native to Europe, Asia and north Africa. The genus is closely related to (and sometimes included in) Silene, differing in the flowers having five styles (three in Silene), the seed capsule having five teeth (six in Silene), and in the sticky stems of Lychnis. Common names include campion (shared with Silene) and catchfly, the latter name based on the sticky stems. [more]

Macrosolen

Shrubs parasitic, base often with epicortical roots, all parts glabrous. Leaves opposite, pinnately veined. Inflorescences axillary, racemes or spikes, rarely umbels; 1 bract and 2 bracteoles subtending each flower; bract small, shorter than the calyx; bracteoles often connate. Flowers bisexual, 6-merous, actinomorphic or sometimes zygomorphic by the presence of a single split. Calyx ovoid to ellipsoid, limb annular or cupular, persistent. Mature flower bud tubular. Corolla sympetalous, tube gradually dilated, usually 6-keeled in middle portion, then constricted abruptly to a neck and expanded to a clavate tip, lobes reflexed. Filaments short; anthers 4-loculed, sometimes multilocellate; pollen grain semilobate in polar view. Ovary at first 3-loculed, then 1-loculed; placentation free, central. Style filiform, base usually articulated. Stigma capitate. Berry ovoid or ellipsoid.[5] [more]

Marattia

[more]

Melosperma

[more]

Menziesia

Menziesia is a genus of flowering plant in the family Ericaceae. [more]

Neodypsis

[more]

Neotorularia

Herbs annual, biennial, or perennial with a woody caudex. Trichomes stalked or subsessile, 1- or 2-forked sometimes also simple. Stems erect or prostrate, usually several from base. Basal leaves petiolate or sessile, rosulate or not, entire, dentate, or pinnatisect. Cauline leaves often similar to basal ones, rarely absent. Racemes few to several flowered, ebracteate or rarely bracteate. Fruiting pedicels erect, ascending, or divaricate. Sepals ovate or oblong, erect or spreading, rarely reflexed, glabrous or pubescent, base of lateral pair not saccate. Petals white or pink, sometimes yellowish, longer or rarely shorter than sepals; blade obovate, spatulate, or oblanceolate, apex obtuse or retuse; claw distinct or not. Stamens 6, tetradynamous; filaments rarely dilated at base; anthers ovate or narrowly oblong, apex apiculate or obtuse. Median glands absent; lateral ones semilunar or 1 on each side of lateral stamen. Ovules (8-) 16-36(-44) per ovary. Fruit dehiscent siliques, linear or rarely linear-oblong, terete or 4-angled, sessile; valves with branched trichomes sometimes mixed with simple ones, rarely glabrescent, torulose; replum rounded; septum complete; style obsolete or to 1 mm; stigma capitate, entire or 2-lobed. Seeds uniseriate, wingless, oblong or ovate, plump; seed coat reticulate, not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons incumbent.[6] [more]

Oreosolen

Herbs, perennial, small. Rhizomes with scalelike leaves. Leaves opposite, appressed to ground, palmately 5-9-veined. Flowers several, axillary, clustered into a dense head. Pedicel short. Bracteoles 2. Calyx 5-lobed almost to base. Corolla narrowly tubular; limb conspicuously 2-lipped; lower lip 3-lobed; upper lip 2-lobed and longer than lower lip. Stamens 4, included or slightly exserted; staminode 1. Capsule septicidal. Seeds ellipsoid; seed coat reticulate.[7] [more]

Petrocoptis

[more]

Philageria

[more]

Polyxena

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Pterocephalus

Pterocephalus is a genus in the family of herbs and shrubs. [more]

Rhodophiala

[more]

Rubus

Rubus is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rosaceae, subfamily Rosoideae. These plants have prickles like roses and are often called brambles; this name is most often used for the blackberry and similar fruits that are also of rambling habit, and not used for those like the raspberry that grow as upright canes. Their fruit, called bramble fruit, is an aggregate of drupelets. [more]

Saponaria

Saponaria, also known as soapwort, is a genus of about 20 species of perennial herbs in the Caryophyllaceae, native to southern Europe and southwest Asia. They grow to a height of 10-60 cm, with opposite leaves 1-6 cm long. The flowers are produced in tight clusters on the stem, 4-25 mm diameter, with five white, yellow, pink, or pale purple petals. [more]

Silene

Silene is a genus of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae. Common names include campion (shared with the related genus Lychnis) and catchfly. [more]

Sinomenium

[more]

Smelowskia

Herbs perennial, often pulvinate, with well-developed caudex covered with petioles of previous years. Trichomes dendritic, sometimes mixed with simple and forked stalked ones. Stems erect or ascending, several from caudex, simple or branched apically. Basal leaves petiolate, rosulate, simple, 1- or rarely 2-pinnatisect, sometimes entire, densely pubescent. Cauline leaves shortly petiolate or sessile, not auriculate, entire or pinnatisect. Racemes ebracteate or basally bracteate, elongated in fruit. Fruiting pedicels suberect, ascending, or divaricate. Sepals ovate or oblong, ascending or spreading, base of lateral pair not saccate. Petals white, creamy white, or purplish, longer than sepals; blade suborbicular, obovate, or spatulate, apex rounded; claw subequaling or longer than sepals. Stamens 6, tetradynamous; filaments dilated at base; anthers ovate or oblong, obtuse at apex. Nectar glands confluent and subtending bases of all stamens. Ovules 6-30 per ovary. Fruit dehiscent siliques or silicles, linear, oblong, ovoid, obovoid, ellipsoid, or lanceolate, terete or slightly 4-angled, sometimes angustiseptate; valves with a prominent midvein, smooth; replum rounded; septum complete or perforated; style absent or short and to 1.5 mm; stigma capitate, entire. Seeds uniseriate, wingless, oblong, plump; seed coat minutely reticulate, not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons incumbent.[8] [more]

Smitinandia

[more]

Swertia

Swertia is a genus in the gentian family containing plants sometimes referred to as the felworts. Some species bear very showy purple and blue flowers. [more]

Tahina

Taxillus

Shrubs parasitic, most young parts usually with dense stellate and/or verticillate hairs, rarely glabrous (in T. delavayi). Leaves opposite or alternate, pinnately veined. Inflorescences axillary, umbels or rarely short, irregular racemes, 2-5-flowered; 1 bract subtending each flower, usually scale-like. Flowers bisexual, 4[or 5]-merous, zygomorphic. Calyx ellipsoid or ovoid, rarely subglobose, base not attenuate, limb annular, entire or denticulate, persistent. Mature flower bud tubular, tip ellipsoid or ovoid. Corolla sympetalous, slightly curved, basal portion ± inflated, split along 1 side at anthesis, lobes all reflexed toward the side away from the split. Stamens inserted at base of corolla lobes; filaments short to almost absent; anthers 4-loculed, sometimes multilocellate. Pollen grain trilobate or semilobate in polar view. Ovary 1-loculed; placentation basal. Style filiform, 4- or 5-angled; stigma usually capitate. Berry ellipsoid or ovoid, rarely globose, exocarp leathery, verrucose or granular, rarely smooth, pubescent or glabrous, base rounded.[9] [more]

Uebelinia

[more]

Vaccaria

Herbs, annual. Taproots stout. Stems simple proximally, branched distally, terete. Leaves opposite, somewhat clasping or connate proximally into sheath, petiolate (basal) or sessile (cauline) ; blade 1-veined, lanceolate to oblong- or ovate-lanceolate, apex acute to obtuse. Inflorescences terminal, lax to erect, open, often flat-topped cymes; bracts paired, foliaceous; involucel bracteoles absent. Pedicels erect. Flowers: sepals connate proximally into tube, 9-17 cm, tube whitish green, 5-veined, cylindric to ovoid, 5-angled or winged, especially in fruit, commissures between sepals absent; lobes green, 1-veined, obovate to broadly triangular, shorter than tube, margins green or reddish, scarious, apex acute or acuminate; petals 5, pink to purplish, clawed, auricles absent, coronal appendages absent, blade apex entire or sometimes briefly 2-fid; nectaries at filament bases; stamens 10, adnate to petals; filaments distinct; staminodes absent; ovary 1-locular or sometimes 2-locular proximally; styles 2(-3), filiform, 10-12 mm, glabrous proximally; stigmas 2(-3), linear along adaxial surface of styles, papillate (30×). Capsules oblong to subglobose, exocarp opening by 4(-6) slightly spreading teeth, endocarp opening irregularly; carpophore present. Seeds ca. 10, black, subglobose, laterally compressed, papillose, marginal wing absent, appendage absent; embryo peripheral, curved. x = 15.[10] [more]

Velezia

Herbs, annual. Taproots slender. Stems simple or branched, terete. Leaves connate proximally by line of tissue or sheath, sessile; blade 3-veined, linear to subulate, apex acute. Inflorescences axillary, flowers generally solitary; bracts foliaceous; involucel bracteoles absent. Pedicels erect. Flowers: sepals 11-15 mm; tube green, 15-veined, narrowly cylindric, terete, commissures between sepals absent, lobes green or reddish, 3-veined proximally, lanceolate-acuminate, shorter than tube, margins silvery, scarious, apex acute; petals 5, pink or purple, clawed, auricles absent, corona of 6-8, linear to lanceolate segments, blade apex entire or notched; nectaries at filament bases; stamens 5; filaments distinct; staminodes absent; ovary 1-locular; styles 2, 9-10 mm, glabrous proximally; stigmas 2, linear along adaxial surface of styles, papillate (30×). Capsules narrowly cylindric, opening by 4 ascending teeth; carpophore present. Seeds 6-8, black, ovate-oblong, dorsiventrally compressed, finely papillate, marginal wing absent, appendage absent; embryo central, straight. x = 14.[11] [more]

Villarsia

Villarsia is a of aquatic flowering plants in the family Menyanthaceae. The genus is named for the French botanist Dominique Villars (1745-1814). Villarsia are wetland plants with basal leaves. The inflorescence is a branched panicle with numerous flowers. Flowers are five-parted, either yellow or white, and the petals are adorned with wings. [more]

Vincetoxicum

Vincetoxicum is a genus of plant in family Apocynaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]

Wn

[more]

At least 7 species and subspecies belong to the Genus wn.

More info about the Genus wn may be found here.

Bibliography

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Footnotes

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  1. Lu Dequan, Nicholas J. Turland "Acanthophyllum". in Flora of China Vol. 6 Page 107. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  2. Tianlu Min & Bruce Bartholomew "Cleyera". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 430, 434, 443,478. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  3. "Eriophyton". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 169. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  4. "Lindelofia". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 424. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  5. Huaxing Qiu & Michael G. Gilbert "Macrosolen". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 220. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  6. "Neotorularia". in Flora of China Vol. 8 Page 182. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  7. "Oreosolen". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 20. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  8. "Smelowskia". in Flora of China Vol. 8 Page 191. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  9. "Taxillus". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 231. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  10. John W. Thieret, Richard K. Rabeler "Vaccaria". in Flora of North America Vol. 5. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  11. Ronald L. Hartman, Richard K. Rabeler "Velezia". in Flora of North America Vol. 5. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Sources

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Last Revised: August 24, 2012
2012/08/24 20:05:07