Overview
Caryophyllineae is a suborder of flowering plants.
Caryophyllales is separated into 2 sub-orders: Caryophyllineae and Polygonineae. Caryophyllineae contains 21 families and 8,600 species and major families include Aizoaceae, Basellaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Didiereaceae, Phytolaccaceae (including Petiveriaceae[1]), Nyctaginaceae, Molluginaceae, Amaranthaceae (sometimes including Chenopodiaceae), Cactaceae, and Portulaceae. [2][3] This roughly constitutes the Caryophyllales as defined before the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group expanded it to include the plants which can be classified in the Polygonales or Polygonineae (depending on whether they are considered an order or a suborde r of Caryophyllales). The Caryophyllineae is sometimes called "core Caryophyllales" and the Polygonineae is sometimes called the "non-core Caryophyllales".
The core Caryophyllineae sub-order is well-supported with numerous distinctive synapomorphies, [2] such as: 1) sieve tubes of phloem with plastids with peripheral ring of proteinaceous filaments (often with a central protein crystal), 2) presence of betalains, 3) loss of the rpl2 intron in cpDNA, 4) single whorl of tepals, 5) pollen with spinulose and tubiliferous/punctuate exine, 6) placentation free-central to basal, curved embryo, and 7) presence of perisperm with endosperm scanty or lacking [2]
s sometimes called the "non-core Caryophyllales".The core Caryophyllineae sub-order is well-supported with numerous distinctive synapomorphies, [2] such as: 1) sieve tubes of phloem with plastids with peripheral ring of proteinaceous filaments (often with a central protein crystal), 2) presence of betalains, 3) loss of the rpl2 intron in cpDNA, 4) single whorl of tepals, 5) pollen with spinulose and tubiliferous/punctuate exine, 6) placentation free-central to basal, curved embryo, and 7) presence of perisperm with endosperm scanty or lacking [2]
References
- ^ http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/family.pl?852
- ^ a b c Judd et al. (2008). Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach, Third Edition. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sunderland, MAM
- ^ Cuenoud, P.; Savolainen, V.; Chatrou, L. W.; Powell, M.; Grayer, R. J.; Chase, M. W. (2002), "Molecular phylogenetics of Caryophyllales based on nuclear 18S rDNA and plastid rbcL, atpB, and matK DNA sequences", American Journal of Botany 89 (1): 132, doi:10.3732/ajb.89.1.132
External links
Media related to Caryophyllineae at Wikimedia Commons 
Data related to Caryophyllineae at Wikispecies
Taxonomy
The Suborder Caryophyllineae is a member of the Order Caryophyllales. Here is the complete "parentage" of Caryophyllineae:
- Domain: Eukaryota
Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae
Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
- Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae
Cavalier-Smith, 1981 - Green Plants
- Phylum: Tracheophyta
Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
- Subphylum: Euphyllophytina
- Infraphylum: Radiatopses
Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class: Magnoliopsida
Brongniart, 1843 - Dicotyledons
- Subclass: Caryophyllidae
Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder: Caryophyllanae
Takhtajan, 1967
- Order: Caryophyllales
Perleb, 1826
- Suborder: Caryophyllineae
- Order: Caryophyllales
Perleb, 1826
- Superorder: Caryophyllanae
Takhtajan, 1967
- Subclass: Caryophyllidae
Takhtajan, 1967
- Class: Magnoliopsida
Brongniart, 1843 - Dicotyledons
- Infraphylum: Radiatopses
Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Subphylum: Euphyllophytina
- Phylum: Tracheophyta
Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
- Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae
Cavalier-Smith, 1981 - Green Plants
- Kingdom: Plantae
Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
The Suborder Caryophyllineae is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Family (2): Caryophyllaceae · Molluginaceae
Families
Caryophyllaceae
The Caryophyllaceae, commonly called the pink family or carnation family, is a family of flowering plants. It is included in the dicotyledon order Caryophyllales in the APG III system, alongside 33 other families, including Amaranthaceae, Cactaceae and Polygonaceae. It is a large family, with 86 genera and some 2,200 species. [more]
Molluginaceae
Molluginaceae is a family of flowering plants recognized by several taxonomists. The APG II system, of 2003 (unchanged from the APG system, of 1998), also recognizes such a family and assigns it to the order Caryophyllales in the clade core eudicots. The family comprises about a hundred species, and was previously included in the larger family Aizoaceae. [more]
At least 350 species and subspecies belong to the Family Molluginaceae.
More info about the Family Molluginaceae may be found here.
References
- ^ http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/family.pl?852
- ^ a b c Judd et al. (2008). Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach, Third Edition. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sunderland, MAM
- ^ Cuenoud, P.; Savolainen, V.; Chatrou, L. W.; Powell, M.; Grayer, R. J.; Chase, M. W. (2002), "Molecular phylogenetics of Caryophyllales based on nuclear 18S rDNA and plastid rbcL, atpB, and matK DNA sequences", American Journal of Botany 89 (1): 132, doi:10.37 32/ajb.89.1.132
Sources
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