Overview
Annuals or perennials, 30-180 cm. herbage glabrous to ± glandular and/or ± tomentose. Stems usually erect, branched distally or throughout, (leafy). Leaves basal and cauline or all cauline; basal and proximal cauline winged-petiolate, distal cauline sessile, sometimes clasping; blade margins dentate to pinnately lobed, ± spiny, faces glabrous or ± glandlar and/or ± tomentose. Heads discoid, borne singly or in few-headed cymiform arrays. Involucres ovoid, constricted distally. Phyllaries many in 4-5 series. linear to ovate (at least outer ± leaflike), bases appressed, apical appendages more herbaceous, prominently veiny, spiny-dentate or -lobed, spine. tipped. Receptacles convex to conic, epaleate, bearing subulate scales. Florets 15-60+. corollas yellow to red or ± purple, tubes very slender, throats gradually or abruptly expanded, ± cylindric or short-campanulate, lobes linear; anther bases short-tailed, ap ical appendages oblong; style branches: fused portions with slightly swollen basal nodes minutely hairy, distally minutely papillate, distinct portions very short. Cypse lae oblong to obpyramidal, ± 4-angled, apices with smooth or dentate rims, faces usually ± roughened (outer) or smooth (inner), glabrous, attachment scar. lateral; pappi 0 or (usually only inner cypselae) ± persistent, of many, usually unequal, narrow scales overlapping in several series. x = 10, 12.
Species 14: introduced; United States; Mediterranean region.[1]
Photos
Taxonomy
- Domain: Eukaryota
Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae
Haeckel, 1866
- Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae
Cavalier-Smith, 1981 - Green Plants
- Phylum: Tracheophyta
Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
- Subphylum: Euphyllophytina
- Infraphylum: Radiatopses
Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class: Magnoliopsida
Brongniart, 1843 - Dicotyledons
- Subclass: Asteridae
Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder: Asteranae
Takhtajan, 1967
- Order: Asterales
Lindley, 1833
- Family: Asteraceae
(ass-ter-AY-see-ee)
Dumortier, 1822
- Subfamily: Cichorioideae
- Family: Asteraceae
(ass-ter-AY-see-ee)
Dumortier, 1822
- Order: Asterales
Lindley, 1833
- Superorder: Asteranae
Takhtajan, 1967
- Subclass: Asteridae
Takhtajan, 1967
- Class: Magnoliopsida
Brongniart, 1843 - Dicotyledons
- Infraphylum: Radiatopses
Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Subphylum: Euphyllophytina
- Phylum: Tracheophyta
Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
- Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae
Cavalier-Smith, 1981 - Green Plants
- Kingdom: Plantae
Haeckel, 1866
The Genus Carthamus is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 88 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in the Genus Carthamus: C. africanus · C. alexandrinus · C. ambiguus · C. anatolicus · C. arborescens · C. atractyloides · C. baeticus · C. baeticus baeticus (Smooth Distaff Thistle) · C. balearicus · C. boissieri · C. caeruleus · C. calvus · C. cancellatus · C. canescens · C. carthamoides · C. catrouxii · C. cespitosus · C. chouletteanus · C. coerulescens · C. coeruleus · C. corymbosus · C. creticus · C. curdicus · C. cycladum · C. cynaroides · C. dentatus · C. dianius · C. divaricatus · C. doumerguei · C. duvauxii · C. elatus · C. eriocephalus · C. ferox · C. flavescens · C. fructicosus · C. fruticosus · C. glaucescens · C. glaucus · C. gummiferus · C. gypsicola · C. gypsiola · C. helenioides · C. hispanicus · C. humilis · C. involucratus · C. laevis · C. lanatus (Saffron Thistle Carthamus Lanatus) · C. lanatus baeticus (Smooth Distaff-Thistle) · C. lanatus creticus · C. lanatus lanatus (Woolly Distaff Thistle) · C. laratus · C. lencocaulus · C. leucocaulos (Glaucous Star Thistle Carthamus Leucocaulos) · C. lucens · C. maculatus · C. mareoticus · C. matritensis · C. mitissimus · C. multifidus · C. nitidus · C. oxyacantha (Jeweled Distaff Thistle) · C. oxyacanthus (Wild Safflower) · C. palaestinus · C. pectinatus · C. persicus · C. pinnatus · C. pomelianus · C. reboudianus · C. rechingeri · C. rhaponticoides · C. rhiphaeus · C. riphaeus · C. salicifolius · C. strictus · C. syriacus · C. tamamschjanae · C. tauricus · C. tenuis · C. tinctoria · C. tinctorius (Dyers´ Saffron) · C. tinctorius 'Grenade Mix' (American Saffron) · C. tinctorius 'Lasting White' · C. tinctorius 'Magestic Orange' (American Saffron) · C. tinctorius 'Orange Ball' · C. tinctorius 'Orange Gold' · C. tinctorius 'Panonia' · C. tingitanus · C. turbinatus
Bibliography
- Ashri, A. and P. F. Knowles. 1959. Further notes on Carthamus in California. Leafl. W. Bot. 9: 5-8.
- Ashri, A. and P. F. Knowles. 1960. Cytogenetics of safflower (Carthamus L.) species and their hybrids. Agron. J. 52: 11-17.
- Hanelt, P. 1963. Monographisch Übersicht der Gattung Carthamus L. (Compositae). Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 67: 41-180.
- Hanelt, P. 1976. Carthamus. In: T. G. Tutin et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora Europaea. 5 vols. Cambridge. Vol. 4, pp. 302-303.
- Khidir, M. O. and P. F. Knowles. 1970b. Cytogenetic studies of Carthamus species (Compositae) with 32 pairs of chromosomes. II. Intersectional hybridization. Canad. J. Genet. Cytol. 12: 90-99.
Footnotes
- David J. Keil "Carthamus". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 52, 67, 83, 178. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Sources
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