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Capparales

(Order)

Overview

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Capparales is a of an order of flowering plants. It was used in the Cronquist system for an order in subclass Dilleniidae and in the Kubitzki system, nowadays. In the 1981 version of this system it included :

The APG II system includes all the plants involved in the (expanded) order Brassicales. For names above the rank of family the principle of priority is not obligatory, hence the difference between the two names.

Photos

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Taxonomy

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The Order Capparales is further organized into finer groupings including:

Families

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Brassicaceae

Herbs annual, biennial, or perennial, sometimes subshrubs or shrubs, with a pungent, watery juice. Eglandular trichomes unicellular, simple, stalked or sessile, 2- to many forked, stellate, dendritic, or malpighiaceous (medifixed, bifid, appressed), rarely peltate and scalelike; glandular trichomes multicellular, with uniseriate or multiseriate stalk. Stems erect, ascending, or prostrate, sometimes absent. Leaves exstipulate, simple, entire or variously pinnately dissected, rarely trifoliolate or pinnately, palmately, or bipinnately compound; basal leaf rosette present or absent; cauline leaves almost always alternate, rarely opposite or whorled, petiolate or sessile, sometimes absent. Inflorescence bracteate or ebracteate racemes, corymbs, or panicles, sometimes flowers solitary on long pedicels originating from axils of rosette leaves. Flowers hypogynous, mostly actinomorphic. Sepals 4, in 2 decussate pairs, free or rarely united, not saccate or lateral (inner) pair saccate. Petals 4, alternate with sepals, arranged in the form of a cross (cruciform; hence the earlier family name Cruciferae), rarely rudimentary or absent. Stamens 6, in 2 whorls, tetradynamous (lateral (outer) pair shorter than median (inner) 2 pairs), rarely equal or in 3 pairs of unequal length, sometimes stamens 2 or 4, very rarely 8-24; filaments slender, winged, or appendaged, median pairs free or rarely united; anthers dithecal, dehiscing by longitudinal slits. Pollen grains 3-colpate, trinucleate. Nectar glands receptacular, highly diversified in number, shape, size, and disposition around base of filaments, always present opposite bases of lateral filaments, median glands present or absent. Pistil 2-carpelled; ovary superior, sessile or borne on a distinct gynophore, mostly 2-locular and with a false septum connecting 2 placentae; placentation parietal, rarely apical; ovules anatropous or campylotropous, bitegmic, 1 to many per locule. Fruit typically a 2-valved capsule, generally termed silique (siliqua) when length 3 × or more than width, or silicle (silicula) when length less than 3 × width, dehiscent or indehiscent, sometimes schizocarpic, nutletlike, lomentaceous, or samaroid, segmented or not, terete, angled, or flattened parallel to septum (latiseptate) or at a right angle to septum (angustiseptate) ; valves 2(or 3-6) ; replum (persistent placenta) rounded, rarely flattened or winged; septum complete, perforated, reduced to a rim, or lacking; style 1, distinct, obsolete, or absent; stigma capitate or conical, entire or 2-lobed, sometimes lobes decurrent and free or connate. Seeds without endosperm, uniseriately or biseriately arranged in each locule, aseriate when 1, winged or wingless, mucilaginous or not when wetted; cotyledons incumbent (embryo notorrhizal: radicle lying along back of 1 cotyledon), accumbent (embryo pleurorrhizal: radicle applied to margins of both cotyledons), or conduplicate (embryo orthoplocal: cotyledons folded longitudinally around radicle), rarely spirally coiled (embryo spirolobal) . Germination epigeal.[1] [more]

Capparaceae

Capparaceae (or Capparidaceae), commonly known as the family, is a family of plants in order Brassicales. As currently circumscribed, it contains 16 genera and about 480 species. The largest genera are Capparis (about 250 species), Maerua (~100 species), Boscia (37 species) and Cadaba (30 species). [more]

Koeberliniaceae

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Pentadiplandraceae

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Resedaceae

Herbs annual to perennial, rarely woody. Leaves alternate, entire to pinnatifid, with small, glandular stipules. Flowers bisexual, rarely unisexual, in terminal racemes or spikes. Sepals persistent, 4-7. Petals usually 4-7 or absent, entire or cleft, hypogynous or perigynous. Stamens 3-40, inserted on disc, exposed in bud; disc often eccentric; filaments free or connate at base; anthers 2-loculed. Carpels 2-6, free or united into a 1-loculed ovary; ovules numerous; placentation parietal or basal. Fruit a capsule or berrylike. Seeds numerous, reniform or suborbicular; endosperm almost absent; cotyledons curved.[2] [more]

Setchellanthaceae

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Tovariaceae

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At least 3 species and subspecies belong to the Family Tovariaceae.

More info about the Family Tovariaceae may be found here.

Bibliography

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Footnotes

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  1. Tai-yien Cheo, Lianli Lu, Guang Yang, Ihsan Al-Shehbaz & Vladimir Dorofeev "Brassicaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 8 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  2. Lianli Lu & Nicholas J. Turland "Resedaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 8 Page 194. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Sources

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Last Revised: November 19, 2008