Overview
Capparaceae (or Capparidaceae), commonly known as the family, is a family of plants in order Brassicales. As currently circumscribed, it contains 16 genera and about 480 species. The largest genera are Capparis (about 250 species), Maerua (~100 species), Boscia (37 species) and Cadaba (30 species).
As traditionally circumscribed, Capparaceae contained 28 genera and about 700 species. The family had long been considered to be closely related to the mustard family Brassicaceae, in part because both groups produce glucosinolate (mustard oil) compounds. In 2002, research (Hall et al. 2002) produced evidence that Capparaceae as traditionally circumscribed is paraphyletic with respect to Brassicaceae. Because of this, the two families were combined under the latter name in the APG II system. However research since then suggests that the families are distinct except that Cleome and several related genera are more closely related to Brassicaceae than to Capparaceae. These genera are now either placed in Brassicaceae or segregated into Cleomaceae. Several more genera of the traditional Capparaceae are more closely related to other members of the Brassicales, and the relationships of several more remain unresolved (Hall et al. 2004).
- Apophyllum F.Muell.
- Atamisquea Miers ex Hook. & Arn.
- Bachmannia Pax
- Belencita H.Karst.
- Boscia Lam.
- Buchholzia Engl.
- Cadaba Forssk.
- Capparis L.
- Cladostemon A.Braun & Vatke
- Crateva L.
- Cristatella Nutt.
- Dhofaria A.G.Mill.
- Dipterygium Decne.
- Euadenia Oliv.
- Isomeris Nutt.
- Maerua Forssk.
- Morisonia L.
- Puccionia Chiov.
- Ritchiea R.Br. ex G.Don
- Steriphoma Spreng.
- Thilachium Lour.
- Genera included in Kubitzki system, but transferred to Cleomaceae1]
- Cleome L.
- Cleomella DC.
- Dactylaena Schrad. ex Schult.f.
- Haptocarpum Ule
- Oxystylis Torr. & Frem.
- Podandrogyne Ducke
- Polanisia Raf. (not listed by Kubitzki)
- Wislizenia Engelm.
- Genera to be excluded from Capparaceae, according to Kers in Kubitzki
- 1.Genera that may be capparalean but do not fit within Capparaceae
- Forchhammeria Liebm.
- Neothorelia Gagnep.
- Stixis Lour.
- Tirania Pierre
- 2.Genera that are insufficiently known but whose descriptions indicate that they cannot belong to Capparaceae
- Borthwickia W.W.Sm.
- Keithia Spreng.
- Poilanedora Gagnep.
- 3.Genera placed in other families
- Koeberlinia Zucc. in Koeberliniaceae
- Pentadiplandra Baill. in Pentadiplandraceae
- Oceanopapaver Guillaumin in Malvaceae sensu lato, subfamily Grewioideae or Tiliaceae, as synonym of Corchorus L.
- Physena Noronha ex Thouars in Physenaceae
- 4.Genera not treated in Kubitzki, but usually regarded as Capparaceae
- Buhsia Bunge
- Niebuhria DC.
Photos
Taxonomy
The Family Capparaceae is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Subfamily (9): Asteroideae · Boraginoideae · Capparoideae · Citroideae · Cleomoideae · Ericoideae · Magnolioideae · Ranunculoideae · Rhododendroideae
- Tribe (10): Anemoneae · Anthemideae · Boragineae · Cadabeae · Calluneae · Cappareae · Citreae · Cleomeae · Magnolieae · Rhododendreae
- Genus (135): Anomalostemon · Apactis · Apophyllum · Arivela · Atalanta · Aubion · Bachmannia · Beautempsia · Belencita · Borthwickia · Boscia · Bosciopsis · Breynia · Buchholzia · Buhsea · Buhsia · Busbeckea · Cadaba · Calanthea · Capparicordis · Capparidastrum · Capparis · Carsonia · Celome · Cercopetalum · Chilocalyx · Cladostemon · Cleome · Cleomella · Cleomodendron · Clione · Coalisia · Colicodendron · Corynandra · Courbonia · Crataeva · Crateava · Crateva · Cynophalla · Cyrbasium · Dactylaena · Decastemon · Desmocarpus · Destrugesia · Dhofaria · Dianthera · Diorimasperma · Dipterygium · Dispara · Euadenia · Forchammeria · Forchhammeri · Forchhammeria · Gynandropsis · Hemiscola · Hermupoa · Hypselandra · Intutis · Isexina · Isomeris · Isopara · Jacksonia · Jetralia · Justago · Koeberlinia · Lagansa · Lindackera · Linnaeobreynia · Macromerum · Maerua · Meeboldia · Melidiscus · Micambe · Mitostylis · Monoporina · Morisonia · Mozambe · Neocalyptrocalyx · Neothorelia · Nevosmila · Niebuhria · Oceanopapaver · Octanema · Oligloron · Olofuton · Pedicellaria · Pentadiplandra · Pericla · Peritoma · Petersia · Physanthemum · Physostemon · Pleuteron · Podandrogyne · Podogyne · Podoria · Polanisia · Polonisia · Pteroloma · Pteropetalum · Puccionia · Quadrella · Ritchiea · Roemera · Roeperia · Rorida · Roridula · Roydsia · Schepperia · Scolosperma · Setchellanthus · Sieruela · Siliquaria · Sinapistrum · Sodada · Stefaninia · Stephania · Steriphoma · Stixis · Streblocarpus · Stroemia · Stuebelia · Symphyostemon · Tarenaya · Tetrateleia · Thilachium · Thylachium · Thylacium · Tirania · Triandrophora · Triclanthera · Tylachium · Uterveria · Voyara · Wislizenia
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 2,216 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in the Family Capparaceae.
Genera
Anomalostemon
Apactis
Apophyllum
Arivela
Atalanta
Atalanta (: , English translation: "balanced") is a character from ancient Greek mythology. [more]
Aubion
Bachmannia
Beautempsia
Belencita
Borthwickia
Boscia
Boscia is a genus of in family Capparaceae. It contains the following species: [more]
Bosciopsis
Breynia
Breynia is a genus in the family Phyllanthaceae. It has 35 species, distributed from India to Australia. [more]
Buchholzia
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Buhsea
Buhsia
Busbeckea
Cadaba
Cadaba is a genus of in family Capparaceae. There are about 30 species. [more]
Calanthea
Capparicordis
Capparidastrum
Capparis
Capparis is a genus in the family Capparaceae which is included in the Brassicaceae in the unrevised APG II system. These plants are shrubs or lianas and are collectively known as caper shrubs or caperbushes. Capparis species occur over a wide range of habitat in the subtropical and tropical zones. [more]
Carsonia
Celome
Cercopetalum
Chilocalyx
Cladostemon
Cleome
Cleome is a of flowering plants in the family Cleomaceae. Previously it had been placed in family Capparaceae, until DNA studies found the Cleomaceae genera to be more closely related to Brassicaceae than Capparaceae. The APG II system) allows for Cleome and the other members of Cleomaceae to be included in Brassicaceae. [more]
Cleomella
Cleomodendron
Clione
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Coalisia
Colicodendron
Corynandra
Courbonia
Crataeva
Crateava
Crateva
Cynophalla
Cyrbasium
Dactylaena
Decastemon
Desmocarpus
Destrugesia
Dhofaria
Dianthera
Justicia ( Acelica, Adhatoda, Amphiscopia, Anisostachya, Aulojusticia, Averia, Beloperone, Calliaspidia, Calymmostachya, Chaetothylopsis, Chiloglossa, Cyphisia, Cyrtanthera, Cyrtantherella, Dianthera, Dimanisa, Drejerella, Duvernoia, Emularia, Ethesia, Glosarithys, Harnieria, Heinzelia, Hemichoriste, Heteraspidia, Ixtlania, Jacobinia, Kuestera, Libonia, Lophothecium, Lustrinia, Nicoteba, Orthotactus, Parajusticia, Petalanthera, Plagiacanthus, Plegmatolemma, Porphyrocoma, Psacadocalymma, Rhacodiscus, Rhiphidosperma, Rhyticalymma, Rodatia, Rostellaria, Rostellularia, Saglorithys, Salviacanthus, Sarotheca, Sericographis, Simonisia, Solenochasma, Stethoma, Tabascina, Thalestris, Thamnojusticia, Tyloglossa in Plant Systematics) is a genus of about 420 species of flowering plants in the family Acanthaceae, native to tropical to warm temperate regions of the Americas, with two species occurring north into cooler temperate regions. Common names include water-willow and shrimp plant, the latter from the inflorescences, which resemble a shrimp in some species. [more]
Diorimasperma
Dipterygium
Dispara
Euadenia
Forchammeria
Forchhammeri
Forchhammeria
Gynandropsis
Hemiscola
Hermupoa
Hypselandra
Intutis
Isexina
Isomeris
Isopara
Jacksonia
Jacksonia is a of leafless broom-like shrub in the flowering plant family Fabaceae. Native to Australia, they occur in a range of habitats in south-western, northern and eastern Australia. [more]
Jetralia
Justago
Koeberlinia
Lagansa
Lindackera
Linnaeobreynia
Macromerum
Maerua
Maerua is a genus of in family Capparaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]
Meeboldia
Herbs perennial, essentially glabrous (scabrescent around nodes and at ends of peduncles and rays). Stem erect, branched above, striate. Leaves petiolate, sheathing; blade broadly deltoid, 3-pinnate/pinnatifid; pinnae 49 pairs, leaflets deeply pinnate-lobed, serrate. Umbels compound, terminal and lateral, large; terminal peduncle long and thick; bracts 13 or 0; rays many, unequal, quadrangular, scabrid at the angles; bracteoles many, narrow; umbellules many-flowered. Flowers polygamous. Calyx teeth large, conspicuous, lanceolate-subulate. Petals obovate, white, medial rib yellow, apex narrow inflexed, base clawed. Stylopodium conic, about equaling the calyx teeth; styles recurved. Fruit narrowly ovoid, tapering toward the apex, slightly flattened laterally, glabrous; ribs filiform; vittae 23 in each furrow, 4 on commissure. Seed face concave. Carpophore 2-parted.[1] [more]
Melidiscus
Micambe
Mitostylis
Monoporina
Morisonia
Mozambe
Neocalyptrocalyx
Neothorelia
Nevosmila
Niebuhria
Oceanopapaver
Octanema
Oligloron
Olofuton
Pedicellaria
Pedicellariae (sing. pedicellaria) are commonly found on , particularly of the class Asteroidea. They serve to keep the body surface clear of encrusting organisms, though some pedicellariae aid in food capture. Each pedicellaria is typically composed of three forceps-like extensions which can pinch or cut off settling larvae. Pedicellariae are normally present around the base of a spine. They are often referred to as specialized jaw-like appendages, used for protection of the papulae. [more]
Pentadiplandra
Pericla
Peritoma
Petersia
Physanthemum
Physostemon
Pleuteron
Podandrogyne
Podandrogyne is a genus of in family Cleomaceae. It contains about 100 species, including: [more]
Podogyne
Podoria
Polanisia
Polonisia
Pteroloma
Pteropetalum
Puccionia
Quadrella
Ritchiea
Roemera
Roeperia
Rorida
Roridula
Roridula is a genus of plants that, whilst having many of the adaptations of a carnivorous plant, such as the possession of insect-trapping sticky hairs, does not directly digest the animals it traps. Instead, it is mutualistic with a species of bug, Pameridea roridulae (a type of capsid bug), which feeds on the trapped insects. The plant obtains nutrients from the droppings of this symbiotic insect. Whether this plant is regarded as carnivorous or protocarnivorous is essentially a matter of style. The genus contains just two species, Roridula gorgonias Planch. and Roridula dentata L., and is the only genus in the family Roridulaceae. [more]
Roydsia
Schepperia
Scolosperma
Setchellanthus
Sieruela
Siliquaria
Siliquaria is a of sea snails. These are marine gastropod molluscs in the family Siliquariidae, common name the slit worm snails. [more]
Sinapistrum
Sodada
Stefaninia
Stephania
Stephania is a genus of in the family Menispermaceae, native to eastern and southern Asia and Australasia. They are herbaceous perennial vines growing to around 4 m tall, with a large, woody caudex. The leaves are arranged spirally on the stem, and are peltate, with the leaf petiole attached near the centre of the leaf. [more]
Steriphoma
Steriphoma is a genus of in family Capparaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]
Stixis
Streblocarpus
Stroemia
Stuebelia
Symphyostemon
Tarenaya
Tetrateleia
Thilachium
Thylachium
Thylacium
Tirania
Triandrophora
Triclanthera
Tylachium
Uterveria
Voyara
Wislizenia
At least 12 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Wislizenia.
More info about the Genus Wislizenia may be found here.
References
- ^ Germplasm Resources Information Network: Cleomaceae
Footnotes
- Sheh Meng-lan, Mark F. Watson "Meeboldia". in Flora of China Vol. 14 Page 33. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Sources
- The text on this page is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It includes material from Wikipedia retrieved Friday, November 14, 2008.
- The distribution map on the Distribution tab comes from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and is used with permission.
- Photographs on this page are copyrighted by individual photographers, and individual copyrights apply.
- The GMapImageCutter is used under license from the UCL Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis.
- The technology underlying this page, including the Image Browser and controls behind Keep Exploring, is owned by the BayScience Foundation. All rights are reserved.