Overview
The Campanulaceae (also bellflower family), of the order Asterales, contains about 70 genera and 2000 species. They are mostly herbs, shrubs, and more rarely small trees, which usually have milky non-toxic sap. The family includes the familiar garden plants Campanula (or bellflower), Lobelia, and the balloonflower (Platycodon.)
This family is almost cosmopolitan but concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere. However in the Southern Hemisphere, South Africa is remarkably rich in members of this family. These species are absent in the Sahara, Antarctica and northern Greenland.
Most current classifications include the segregate family Lobeliaceae in Campanulaceae.
Morphology
Leaves of these species are often alternate, more rarely opposite. They are also simple and without stipules. Flowers are bisexual, bell-shape, consisting of a narrow tube-like corolla with small spreading lobes. Flowers are fairly often blue. Fruits are often berries, but can also be capsules.
Photos
Taxonomy
The Family Campanulaceae is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Subfamily (48): Acanthoideae · Agapanthoideae · Agavoideae · Ajugoideae · Amygdaloideae · Asteroideae · Bombinae · Boraginoideae · Cactoideae · Caesalpinioideae · Campanuloideae · Caryophylloideae · Coliadinae · Commelinoideae · Crotonoideae · Cyananthoideae · Cyphioideae · Cyrtandroideae · Epidendroideae · Ericoideae · Euphorbioideae · Faboideae · Gesnerioideae · Hydrangeoideae · Iridoideae · Ixioideae · Larinae · Lobelioideae · Magnolioideae · Mimosoideae · Nepetoideae · Philodendroideae · Polemonioideae · Potentilloideae · Pyroideae · Ranunculoideae · Rhinanthoideae · Rhododendroideae · Saniculoideae · Scrophularioideae · Sedoideae · Solanoideae · Spiraeoideae · Theoideae · Trollioideae · Ulmoideae · Vaccinioideae · Violoideae
- Tribe (69): Acacieae · Amygdaleae · Andromedeae · Androsaceae · Anemoneae · Anthemideae · Astereae · Bombini · Boragineae · Caesalpinieae · Calceolarieae · Calluneae · Campanuleae · Cassiopeae · Chlorogaleae · Codiaeae · Codonopsideae · Columneeae ·
- Genus (231): Adenophora · Aikinia · Annaea · Apetahia · Astrocodon · Asyneuma · Asyneumopsis · Asyneura · Azorina · Baclea · Ballela · Benaurea · Berenice · Bolelia · Brighamia · Brimeura · Burmeistera · Byrsanthes · Calcaratolobelia · Campanopsis · Campanula · Campanuloides · Campanulopsis · Campanumoea · Campylocera · Campylosiphon · Canaria · Canarina · Canonanthus · Cenekia · Centropogon · Cephalostigma · Cervicina · Chiastophyllum · Chrysangia · Clermontia · Clintonia · Codiphus · Codonopsis · Colensoa · Concilium · Corokia · Craterocapsa · Cremochilus · Cryptocodon · Cyananthus · Cyanea · Cyclocodon · Cylindrocarpa · Cyphia · Cyphium · Cyphocarpus · Cyphopsis · Decaprisma · Delissea · Depierrea · Dialypetalum · Diastatea · Dielsantha · Diosphaera · Dobrowskya · Dominella · Dortmanna · Dortmannia · Downingia · Drymocodon · Dysmicodon · Echinocodon · Edraianthus · Edrajanthus · Enchysia · Erinia · Erinus · Euregelia · Fascicularia · Favratia · Fedorovia · Feeria · Felicia · Festulpia · Fittonia · Floerkea · Fockeanthus · Frailea · Gadellia · Gaertnera · Galeatella · Githopsis · Glosocomia · Glossocomia · Gomphostigma · Grammatotheca · Gunillaea · Halacsyella · Hanabusaya · Haynaldia · Hecale · Hemisphaera · Heterochaenia · Heterocodon · Heterotoma · Hippobroma · Holostigma · Homocodon · Howellia · Hypsela · Hyssaria · Ireon · Isolobus · Isoplexis · Isopyrum · Isotoma · Jasione · Jasionella · Lacara · Laurentia · Legenere · Leggouzia · Legousia · Legouzia · Leptocodon · Lightfootia · Lobelia · Loreia · Lysipoma · Lysipomia · Macrochilus · Marianthemum · Mecoschistum · Medium · Megalocalyx · Merciera · Metzleria · Mezleria · Michauxia · Microcodon · Mindium · Monopsis · Muehlbergella · Musschia · Mzymtella · Namacodon · Nemacladus · Nenningia · Neocodon · Neowimmeria · Nesocodon · Nidularium · Numaeacampa · Ostrowskia · Ourisia · Ovilla · Palmerella · Parahebe · Parastranthus · Pardanthopsis · Pentropis · Peracarpa · Perocarpa · Petalostima · Petkovia · Petromarula · Phyllocharis · Phyteuma · Piddingtonia · Pilorea · Platicodon · Platycodon · Pleioblastus · Pleione · Podanthum · Pongatium · Popoviocodonia · Porterella · Pratia · Prismatocarpus · Pseudocampanula · Pseudonemacladus · Quinquelocularia · Rapinia · Rapunculus · Rapuntia · Rapuntium · Rhigiophyllum · Rhizocephalum · Rhynchopetalum · Roella · Rollandia · Roucela · Ruthiella · Sachokiella · Schellanderia · Sclerotheca · Serapias · Sicyocodon · Siphocampylus · Siphocodon · Siphonocampylus · Solenomelus · Solenopsis · Specularia · Speirema · Streleskia · Sykoraea · Symphoranthera · Symphyandra · Syncodon · Synphoranthera · Talanelis · Theilera · Theodorovia · Tracanthelium · Trachelioides · Tracheliopsis · Trachelium · Treichelia · Trematolobelia · Trimeris · Triodanis · Triodanus · Trochocodon · Tupa · Tylomium · Unigenes · Urumovia · Valvinterlobus · Wahlembergia · Wahlenbergia · Weitenwebera · Wimmerella · Zeugandra
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 8,411 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in the Family Campanulaceae.
Genera
Adenophora
Adenophora is a of flowering plant within the family Campanulaceae. Its prevalent common name is ladybells. Many of its species are quite similar to species of Campanula, from which they differ only through the presence of a tubular or glandular disc at the base of the style. [more]
Aikinia
Annaea
Apetahia
Astrocodon
Asyneuma
Asyneumopsis
Asyneura
Azorina
Azorina is a plant within the family Campanulaceae. The sole species, Azorina vidalli, which is native to the Azores, was formerly known as Campanula vidalii. [more]
Baclea
Ballela
Ballela (Baile Aileach in ) is a small village in County Down, Ireland. Ballela is part of the Catholic parish of Dromore. It is located approximately five miles (8 km) from Banbridge, perched on top of one of the many small hills (drumlins) that are common in Down. A number of prehistoric rįths surround the village. Well known for its hurling and camogie club, Ballela has a long sporting tradition. [more]
Benaurea
Berenice
Berenice or Berenike (: , Berenike) is the Ancient Macedonian form for Attic Greek Fe?e???? (Pherenike), meaning "bearer of victory", from f??? (phero) "to bear" + ???? (nike) "victory". Berenika priestess of Demetra in Lete ca. 350 BC is the oldest epigraphical evidence. The Latin form of the same name is Veronica. [more]
Bolelia
Brighamia
This is the largest plant radiation in the , and indeed the largest on any island archipelago, with over 125 species. The six genera can be broadly separated based on growth habit: Clermontia are typically branched shrubs or small trees, up to 7 m tall, with fleshy fruits; Cyanea and Delissea are typically unbranched or branching only at the base, with a cluster of relatively broad leaves at the apex and fleshy fruits; Lobelia and Trematolobelia have long thin leaves down a single, non-woody stem and capsular fruits with wind-dispersed seeds; and the peculiar Brighamia have a short, thick stem with a dense cluster of broad leaves, elongate white flowers, and capsular fruits. [more]
Brimeura
Brimeura is a genus of in family Hyacinthaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]
Burmeistera
Burmeistera is a genus in the family Campanulaceae. [more]
Byrsanthes
Calcaratolobelia
Campanopsis
Campanula
Plants perennial or annual, erect trailing or decumbent, glabrous, pubescent, or hirsute. Leaves simple, alternate or forming rosettes at the base. Inflorescence 1-many flowered, with racemes or spikes. Flowers blue to purple or white. Sepals 5, with or without reflexed appendages between lobes; calyx tube adnate to the ovary, segments 5-lobed. Corolla campanulate, funnel-shaped or tubular. Stamens 5, free, filaments dilated at the base. Ovary 3-locular; style cylindrical; stigmas 3. Fruit a capsule, elongated to ovoid, obovoid or round, with membran¬ous walls; dehiscence by irregular pores at the bases or the sides. Seeds minute, numerous.[1] [more]
Campanuloides
Campanulopsis
Campanumoea
Campylocera
Campylosiphon
Canaria
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Canarina
Canarina is a of flowering plants within the family Campanulaceae. The best known species is C. canariensis from the laurel forests of the Canary Islands which is sometimes grown as an ornamental plant. Canarina canariensis is one of a group of unrelated Canarian plants that appear to be adapted for bird pollination, including the members of the genera Isoplexis and Lotus. It was once thought that the original pollinators of these plants were sunbirds which had become extinct on the Canary Islands, explaining why some of these species are rare and considered endangered (Vogel 1954; Vogel et al. 1984; Olesen 1985; Valido et al. 2004). However more recent work has shown that these plants are adequately pollinated by non-specialist flower visiting birds, particularly the Canary Island chiffchaff (Phylloscopus canariensis) and the Canary Island Spectacled Warbler (Sylvia conspicillata orbitalis) (Olesen 1985; Ollerton et al. 2008), and in fact show some specific adaptations to infrequent pollination by these birds, such as extended flower lifespans (Ollerton et al. 2008), and a hexose-dominated sugar ratio of the nectar (Dupont et al. 2004). [more]
Canonanthus
Cenekia
Centropogon
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Cephalostigma
Cervicina
Chiastophyllum
Chrysangia
Clermontia
This is the largest plant radiation in the , and indeed the largest on any island archipelago, with over 125 species. The six genera can be broadly separated based on growth habit: Clermontia are typically branched shrubs or small trees, up to 7 m tall, with fleshy fruits; Cyanea and Delissea are typically unbranched or branching only at the base, with a cluster of relatively broad leaves at the apex and fleshy fruits; Lobelia and Trematolobelia have long thin leaves down a single, non-woody stem and capsular fruits with wind-dispersed seeds; and the peculiar Brighamia have a short, thick stem with a dense cluster of broad leaves, elongate white flowers, and capsular fruits. [more]
Clintonia
Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous, 1.5-8 dm; rhizomes bearing thin, fibrous roots. Leaves: basal 2-6, arising from rhizome crown, sessile, sheathing, hyaline, chaffy in age; cauline petiolate, blade with central vein prominent basally, obovate to oblanceolate, weakly villous-pubescent, base attenuate to cuneate, margins entire, apex acute to abruptly short-acuminate, often mucronate. Inflorescences terminal, in short racemes or umbellike clusters, 1-45-flowered, bracteate; bracts foliaceous or linear. Flowers: tepals caducous, 6, distinct, obovate to narrowly oblanceolate, nectaries present, sometimes obscure; stamens inserted at perianth base; filaments dilated, basally pubescent; anthers oblong-obovate to oblong-linear, semiversatile, extrorse; ovary superior, 2-locular [3-locular], ovoid to subcylindrical, glabrous, ovules 2-10 per locule; style columnar, compressed laterally; stigmas weakly 2-lobed [3-lobed]; pedicels unequal, elongate and ascending with age. Fruits baccate, metallic blue to black, 4-30-seeded, ellipsoid to ovoid, smooth. Seeds shiny brown, round abaxially, angled with 2 or 3 faces. x = 7.[2] [more]
Codiphus
Codonopsis
Plants perennial, twining, decumbent or erect. Flowers solitary, terminal or axillary. Calyx lobes 5, foliaceous. Corolla campanulate with 5 short lobes; bluish-green. Stamens 5, free, filaments flattened, situated on the margin of the disc. Capsule fleshy when young, becoming dry and hard, beaked, dehiscing localicidally by 3 valves. Ovary 3-locular; styles cylindrical; stigmas 3, flattened.[3] [more]
Colensoa
Concilium
Concilium is a world-wide journal of theology. It was begun in 1965 and is published five times a year. The journal was founded by Marie-Dominique Chenu, Yves Congar, Karl Rahner, Edward Schillebeeckx, and Hans Küng. It is recognized as reformist in its approach to theology. [more]
Corokia
Corokia is a in the Argophyllaceae family comprising about ten species native to New Zealand and one native to Australia. Corokia species are shrubs or small trees with zigzagging branches. In fact, corokia cotoneaster is commonly known as wire-netting bush. The stems of the shrubs are dark when mature, covered with downy or silky hairs (tomentum) when young. In spring, they produce clusters of small, star shaped yellow blossoms. Berries are red or yellow. The shrubs prefer forests and rocky areas, sun or light shade, reasonably well drained soil, and moderate watering. [more]
Craterocapsa
Cremochilus
Cryptocodon
Cyananthus
Cyanea
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Cyclocodon
Cylindrocarpa
Cyphia
Cyphium
Cyphocarpus
Cyphopsis
Decaprisma
Delissea
This is the largest plant radiation in the , and indeed the largest on any island archipelago, with over 125 species. The six genera can be broadly separated based on growth habit: Clermontia are typically branched shrubs or small trees, up to 7 m tall, with fleshy fruits; Cyanea and Delissea are typically unbranched or branching only at the base, with a cluster of relatively broad leaves at the apex and fleshy fruits; Lobelia and Trematolobelia have long thin leaves down a single, non-woody stem and capsular fruits with wind-dispersed seeds; and the peculiar Brighamia have a short, thick stem with a dense cluster of broad leaves, elongate white flowers, and capsular fruits. [more]
Depierrea
Dialypetalum
Diastatea
Dielsantha
Diosphaera
Dobrowskya
Dominella
Dortmanna
Dortmannia
Downingia
Downingia is a of 13 annual plants native to western North America and Chile. Commonly known as "calicoflowers", they are notable for forming mass displays of small but colorful blooms around vernal pools. A number are uncommon endemics in California. [more]
Drymocodon
Dysmicodon
Echinocodon
Edraianthus
Edrajanthus
Enchysia
Erinia
Erinia is a island in the Sporades located west of Skyros. [more]
Erinus
Erinus is a of ornamental plants belonging to the family Plantaginaceae and that used to be in the family Scrophulariaceae. [more]
Euregelia
Fascicularia
Fascicularia is a of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae with very few species. The genus Fascicularia is indigenous to Chile. In the wild, all Fascicularias are either terrestrial or saxicolous. [more]
Favratia
Fedorovia
Feeria
Felicia
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Festulpia
Fittonia
A garden plant of family notable for its dark green foliage; commonly called "Nerve Plant" or "Mosaic Plant". [more]
Floerkea
Fockeanthus
Frailea
Frailea is a of globular to short cylindrical cacti native to Brazil. These species are cleistogamous. They were first classified in the genus Echinocactus. [more]
Gadellia
Gaertnera
Gaertnera is a genus of in family Rubiaceae. [more]
Galeatella
Githopsis
Githopsis is a small of flowering plants in the bellflower family which are known as bluecups. These are small annual wildflowers with white or purple white-throated blooms. Bluecups are native to western North America, especially California. There are four species within the genus. [more]
Glosocomia
Glossocomia
Gomphostigma
Grammatotheca
Gunillaea
Halacsyella
Hanabusaya
Haynaldia
Hecale
In , Hecale was an old woman who offered succor to Theseus on his way to capture the Marathonian Bull. [more]
Hemisphaera
Heterochaenia
Heterocodon
Heterotoma
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Hippobroma
Holostigma
Homocodon
Howellia
Hypsela
Hyssaria
Ireon
Isolobus
Isoplexis
Isoplexis is a section of 4 within the genus Digitalis. The species of section Isoplexis differ from other plants in the genus Digitalis in that their monosymmetric (sometimes called zygomorphic) flowers have a distinctive large upper lip rather than large lower lip and the species are endemic to the Canary Islands (the species D. canariensis, D. chalcantha, and D. isabelliana) and Madeira (D. sceptrum). [more]
Isopyrum
Herbs perennial. Stem erect, smooth, glabrous. Leaves 2 × ternately compound. Basal leaves abaxially pale green, adaxially green. Stem leaves shortly petiolate; petiole sheathed; sheath white, membranous. Inflorescences panicled or cymose; bracts 1 or 2 × ternately compound, 3-lobed, or 3-sect. Flowers radially symmetric, small. Pedicel slender. Sepals 5, white, petaloid. Petals 5, much smaller than sepals, basally tubulose or shallowly scrotiform and shortly clawed. Stamens 20--30; filaments sublinear, 1-veined; anthers yellow, broadly ellipsoid. Pistils 1--5, free, erect, narrowly ovate; ovules numerous, arranged in 2 rows on ventral suture. Follicles 1--5, ellipsoid-ovoid, flat, horizontally veined, apically with a curved beak. Seeds numerous, black to blackish, ovoid to ellipsoid, smooth.[4] [more]
Isotoma
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Jasione
Jasione is a of flowering plants within the family Campanulaceae which are native to Europe. [more]
Jasionella
Lacara
Laurentia
Laurentia (also known as the North American craton), like all land, was created as continents moved about the surface of the Earth, bumping into other continents and drifting away. [more]
Legenere
Legenere limosa is an annual of the bellflower family endemic to limited portions of Northern California. This species is the sole member of its genus. The species common name is False Venus' looking glass. Blooming in May and June, it occurs below elevations of 610 meters in vernal pools and certain other moist habitats. Principal colonies are in Solano County, Sacramento County, Lake County, Napa County, Sonoma County, Tehama County and Yuba County. According to the California Native Plant Society L. limosa is classified on List 1B: Rare, threatened, or endangered; and 0.1: Seriously endangered. Main threats to the species are grazing and human overpopulation. Stems are reclining and of length ten to thirty centimeters, but the lateral slender branches are rigid. An alternate common name for this organism is Greene's Legenere, after E.L. Greene who first described this plant in 1890; the genus name Legenere is derived as an anagram of E.L. Greene. The species name limosa derives from the Latin words limus (meaning mud) and sella {meaning seat): the plant that is seated in mud. [more]
Leggouzia
Legousia
Legouzia
Leptocodon
Lightfootia
Lobelia
Lobelia is a of flowering plant comprising 360–400 species, with a subcosmopolitan distribution primarily in tropical to warm temperate regions of the world, a few species extending into cooler temperate regions. English names include Lobelia, Asthma Weed, Indian Tobacco, Pukeweed, and Vomitwort. [more]
Loreia
Lysipoma
Lysipomia
Lysipomia is a genus of in family Campanulaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]
Macrochilus
Marianthemum
Mecoschistum
Medium
Megalocalyx
Merciera
Metzleria
Mezleria
Michauxia
Microcodon
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Mindium
Monopsis
Muehlbergella
Musschia
Mzymtella
Namacodon
Namacodon is a genus of in family Campanulaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]
Nemacladus
Nenningia
Neocodon
Neowimmeria
Nesocodon
Nesocodon is a of flowering plants within the family Campanulaceae. The sole species is Nesocodon mauritianus, formerly known as Wahlenbergia mauritiana, which is endemic to the island of Mauritius. It produces red-colored nectar, which is very uncommon in flowering plants, and is pollinated by birds. [more]
Nidularium
Nidularium is a of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Bromelioideae. Named to describe the nestling characteristic of the inflorescence (Lat. nidulus = little nest), they are native to the rainforests of Brazil. Commonly confused with Neoregelia which they resemble, this plant group was first described in 1854. [more]
Numaeacampa
Ostrowskia
Ourisia
Ovilla
Palmerella
Parahebe
Parastranthus
Pardanthopsis
Pentropis
Peracarpa
Perocarpa
Petalostima
Petkovia
Petromarula
Phyllocharis
Phyteuma
Phyteuma is a genus of about 40-45 species of in the family Campanulaceae, native to Europe and western Asia. The common name is Rampion. Rampion features prominently in some versions of the story of Rapunzel. In the Grimm's brothers' fairy tale "Rapunzel" it is noted that "rapunzel" is the name given to a local form of rampion. [more]
Piddingtonia
Pilorea
Platicodon
Platycodon
Platycodon grandiflorus is a of perennial flowering plant of the family Campanulaceae and the only member of the genus Platycodon. These species are commonly referred to as platycodon, Chinese bellflower, sometimes also Japanese bellflower, common balloon flower, or simply balloon flower. It is native to East Asia (China, Korea, Japan, and East Siberia) and bears big blue flowers, although varieties with white and pink flowers are in cultivation. In Korea, white flowers are more common. [more]
Pleioblastus
Bamboo is a group of woody perennial evergreen plants in the true grass family Poaceae, subfamily Bambusoideae, tribe Bambuseae. Some of its members are giant bamboo, forming by far the largest members of the grass family. Bamboo is the fastest growing woody plant in the world. Their growth rate (up to .5-1 feet/day (1.5-2.0 inches/hr)) is due to a unique rhizome-dependent system, but is highly dependent on local soil and climate conditions. [more]
Pleione
Pleione may refer to [more]
Podanthum
Pongatium
Popoviocodonia
Porterella
Pratia
Prismatocarpus
Pseudocampanula
Pseudonemacladus
Quinquelocularia
Rapinia
Rapunculus
Rapuntia
Rapuntium
Rhigiophyllum
Rhizocephalum
Rhynchopetalum
Roella
Rollandia
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Roucela
Ruthiella
Sachokiella
Schellanderia
Sclerotheca
Serapias
Sicyocodon
Siphocampylus
Siphocampylus is a of plant in family Campanulaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]
Siphocodon
Siphonocampylus
Solenomelus
Solenopsis
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Specularia
Speirema
Streleskia
Sykoraea
Symphoranthera
Symphyandra
Symphyandra is a genus of 10-12 species of in the family Campanulaceae, mainly native to the eastern part of the Mediterranean region in Asia Minor, the Balkans, and Crete, but with one species in eastern Asia in Korea. The genus is closely related to Campanula, but has connate anthers (fused or joined in the same whorl), while Campanula species have separated anthers. They are mostly biennial (monocarpic) to short lived perennials. They have fleshy roots, with the leaves in a basal rosette, and alternately up the flowering stems. The basal leaves are commonly heart-shaped with toothed margins and covered with short hairs and have long petioles. The flowers are produced in racemes, corymbs or panicles, flowering throughout the summer; they are nodding, tubular bell shaped, colored white or blue. [more]
Syncodon
Synphoranthera
Talanelis
Theilera
Theodorovia
Tracanthelium
Trachelioides
Tracheliopsis
Trachelium
Trachelium (from the word for "neck") is the term in architecture given to the neck of the capital of the Doric and Ionic orders. In the Greek Doric capital it is the space between the annulets of the echinus and the grooves which marked the junction of the shaft and capital; in some early examples, as in the basilica and temple of Ceres at Paestum and the temple at Metapontum, it forms a sunk concave moulding, which by the French is called the gorge. In the Roman Doric and the Ionic orders the term is given by modern writers to the interval between the lowest moulding of the capital and the top of the astragal and fillet, which were termed the hypotrachelium. [more]
Treichelia
Trematolobelia
This is the largest plant radiation in the , and indeed the largest on any island archipelago, with over 125 species. The six genera can be broadly separated based on growth habit: Clermontia are typically branched shrubs or small trees, up to 7 m tall, with fleshy fruits; Cyanea and Delissea are typically unbranched or branching only at the base, with a cluster of relatively broad leaves at the apex and fleshy fruits; Lobelia and Trematolobelia have long thin leaves down a single, non-woody stem and capsular fruits with wind-dispersed seeds; and the peculiar Brighamia have a short, thick stem with a dense cluster of broad leaves, elongate white flowers, and capsular fruits. [more]
Trimeris
Trimeris is a of the plant family Campanulaceae endemic to the island of St Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean. [more]
Triodanis
Triodanis is a of flowering plants within the family Campanulaceae. [more]
Triodanus
Trochocodon
Tupa
Tupa, Tupį, or Tupć can refer to: [more]
Tylomium
Unigenes
Urumovia
Valvinterlobus
Wahlembergia
Wahlenbergia
Wahlenbergia is a genus of between 150-270 species of in the family Campanulaceae, with a cosmopolitan distribution except for North America; the highest species diversity is in Africa and Australasia. Wahlenbergia species have dispersed widely, even to oceanic islands, and there are four species known from the island of St Helena, including the now extinct species W. roxburghii. [more]
Weitenwebera
Wimmerella
Zeugandra
More info about the Genus Zeugandra may be found here.
Bibliography
- Hayashi, K., S. Yoshida, F. H. Utech, and S. Kawano. 2001. Molecular systematics in the genus Clintonia and related taxa based on rbcL and matK gene sequence data. Pl. Spec. Biol. 16: 119-137.
- Utech, F. H. 1973. A Biosystematic Study of the Genus Clintonia Raf. (Liliaceae: Polygonatae). Ph.D. thesis. Washington University.
- Utech, F. H. 1975. Biosystematic studies in Clintonia (Liliaceae-Polygonatae) III. Cytogeography, chromosome numbers and chromosomal morphology of the North American species of Clintonia. Cytologia 40: 765-786.
Footnotes
- E. Nasir "Campanula". in Flora of Pakistan . Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Frederick H. Utech "Clintonia". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 14, 15, 51, 57, 150, 151, 152. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- E. Nasir "Codonopsis". in Flora of Pakistan . Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Fu Dezhi, Orbélia R. Robinson "Isopyrum". in Flora of China Vol. 6 Page 275. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Sources
- The text on this page is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It includes material from Wikipedia retrieved Friday, November 14, 2008.
- The distribution map on the Distribution tab comes from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and is used with permission.
- Photographs on this page are copyrighted by individual photographers, and individual copyrights apply.
- The GMapImageCutter is used under license from the UCL Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis.
- The technology underlying this page, including the Image Browser and controls behind Keep Exploring, is owned by the BayScience Foundation. All rights are reserved.