Overview
Annuals, perennials [subshrubs], 5-50(-70+) cm. Stems procumbent to erect, glabrous or arachnose and/or stipitate-glandular. Leaves sessile or petiolate; blades elliptic, obovate, or oblong to oblanceolate, spatulate, or linear (bases sometimes clasping), margins entire or denticulate, faces sparsely arachnose and/or stipitate-glandular. Heads borne singly. Involucres campanulate to hemispheric or broader, 10-30+ mm diam. Phyllaries 13-40+ in 2+ series, lanceolate to lance-linear. Receptacles flat. Ray florets 13-50(-100+) in 1-3+ series; corollas yellow to orange, laminae linear to oblanceolate. Disc florets 20-60(-150+), functionally staminate; corollas yellow, reddish, or purplish, tubes shorter than ± campanulate throats. Cypselae arcuate to ± coiled (usually some beaked, some 2-3-winged, some both beaked and winged), abaxial faces usually tuberculate and/or transversely ridged. x = 11.
Species 15 or fewer: introduced; Macaronesia, Mediterranean Europe, Near East, North Africa; widely cultivated, sometimes escaping and/or persisting.[1]
Photos
Taxonomy
- Domain: Eukaryota
Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae
Haeckel, 1866
- Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae
Cavalier-Smith, 1981 - Green Plants
- Phylum: Tracheophyta
Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
- Subphylum: Euphyllophytina
- Infraphylum: Radiatopses
Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class: Magnoliopsida
Brongniart, 1843 - Dicotyledons
- Subclass: Asteridae
Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder: Asteranae
Takhtajan, 1967
- Order: Asterales
Lindley, 1833
- Family: Asteraceae
(ass-ter-AY-see-ee)
Dumortier, 1822
- Subfamily: Asteroideae
- Tribe: Calenduleae
- Genus: Calendula (ka-LEN-dew-luh) C. Linnaeus, 1753
- Tribe: Calenduleae
- Subfamily: Asteroideae
- Family: Asteraceae
(ass-ter-AY-see-ee)
Dumortier, 1822
- Order: Asterales
Lindley, 1833
- Superorder: Asteranae
Takhtajan, 1967
- Subclass: Asteridae
Takhtajan, 1967
- Class: Magnoliopsida
Brongniart, 1843 - Dicotyledons
- Infraphylum: Radiatopses
Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Subphylum: Euphyllophytina
- Phylum: Tracheophyta
Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
- Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae
Cavalier-Smith, 1981 - Green Plants
- Kingdom: Plantae
Haeckel, 1866
The Genus Calendula is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 179 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in the Genus Calendula: C. 'Wintersun' · C. aegyptiaca · C. alata · C. algarbiensis · C. algeriensis · C. americana · C. amplexicaulis · C. amplexifolia · C. anemoneflora · C. arborescens · C. arvensis (Field Marigold) · C. arvensis bicolor · C. aurantiaca · C. aurea · C. balansae · C. bicolor · C. boissieri · C. cariensis · C. chrysantha · C. chrysanthemifolia · C. cornuta · C. cuneata · C. decumbens · C. decurrens · C. dentata · C. denticulata · C. echinata · C. eckeleinii · C. eckerleinii · C. eriocarpa · C. exilis · C. flaccida · C. foliosa · C. forskohleana · C. fruticosa · C. fulgida · C. glabrata · C. glauca · C. gracilis · C. graminifolia · C. grandiflora · C. hispida · C. hybrid · C. hybrida · C. incana · C. incana subsp. algarbiensis · C. incana subsp. maritima · C. incanescens · C. karakalensis · C. kerkerana · C. lanzae · C. linifolia · C. lusitanica · C. macroptera · C. maderensis · C. magellanica · C. malacitana · C. malvaecarpa · C. marginata · C. maritima · C. maroccana · C. maroccana subsp. murbeckii · C. meuseli · C. meuselii · C. micrantha · C. microcephala · C. microphyla · C. monardi · C. monstrosa · C. montserratensis · C. murbeckii · C. nudicaulis · C. officinalis (Garden-Pot Marigold) · C. officinalis 'Antares Flashback' (English Marigold) · C. officinalis 'Apricots and Oranges' · C. officinalis 'Art Shades Mixed' · C. officinalis 'Art Shades' · C. officinalis 'Ball's Gold' · C. officinalis 'Bon Bon Mix' (English Marigold) · C. officinalis 'Bon Bon Orange' (Bon Bon Orange Calendula) · C. officinalis 'Calypso Orange' (English Marigold) · C. officinalis 'Chrysantha' · C. officinalis 'Citrus Cocktail' · C. officinalis 'Citrus Smoothies' (English Marigold) · C. officinalis 'Coffee Cream' (Pot Marigold) · C. officinalis 'Deja Vu' (English Marigold) · C. officinalis 'Erfurter Orangefarbige' (English Marigold) · C. officinalis 'Fiesta Gitana' (English Marigold) · C. officinalis 'Flame Dancer' (English Marigold) · C. officinalis 'Flashback Mix' (English Marigold) · C. officinalis 'Geisha Girl' (English Marigold) · C. officinalis 'Golden Princess' (English Marigold) · C. officinalis 'Greenheart Orange' · C. officinalis 'Greenheart' (English Marigold) · C. officinalis 'Honeymoon' (English Marigold) · C. officinalis 'Indian Prince' (English Marigold) · C. officinalis 'Jewel' · C. officinalis 'Kablouna Apricot' · C. officinalis 'Kablouna Mix' · C. officinalis 'Kablouna' (Kablouna Calendula) · C. officinalis 'Lemon Beauty' · C. officinalis 'Lemon' · C. officinalis 'Neon' · C. officinalis 'Orange King' (English Marigold) · C. officinalis 'Orange Porcupine' (English Marigold) · C. officinalis 'Orange Prince' · C. officinalis 'Orange Princess' (English Marigold) · C. officinalis 'Pacific Beauty Mixed Colors' (English Marigold) · C. officinalis 'Pacific Beauty' (English Marigold) · C. officinalis 'Pink Surprise' (English Marigold) · C. officinalis 'Porcupine' · C. officinalis 'Prince Double Mixed' · C. officinalis 'Princess Mix' (English Marigold) · C. officinalis 'Prolifera' · C. officinalis 'Radio' · C. officinalis 'Resina' (English Marigold) · C. officinalis 'Rinathei' · C. officinalis 'Sherbet Fizz' · C. officinalis 'Sun Glow' · C. officinalis 'Sunshine Flashback' (English Marigold) · C. officinalis 'Touch of Buff' (English Marigold) · C. officinalis 'Touch of Red Orange' · C. officinalis 'Touch of Red' (English Marigold) · C. officinalis 'Triangle Flashback' · C. officinalis 'Variegata' · C. officinalis 'Zeolights' (English Marigold) · C. officinalis f. maritima · C. officinalis Fiesta Gitana Group · C. officinalis L. 'Pacific-Riesen' · C. officinalis L. 'Plamen' · C. officinalis L. 'Radio' (English Marigold) · C. officinalis Mandarin Flower Series · C. officinalis nana 'Citrus Cocktail' (English Marigold) · C. officinalis var. aegyptiaca · C. officinalis var. aurantiaca · C. officinalis var. parviflora · C. oppositifolia · C. pachysperma · C. palaestina · C. palestina · C. parviflora · C. persica · C. pinnata · C. platycarpa · C. pluvialis · C. polymorpha · C. prolifera · C. pumila · C. pusilla · C. rosmarinifolia · C. sancta · C. sancta subsp. crista-galli · C. scabra · C. sicula · C. sinuata · C. stellata · C. subinermis · C. sublanata · C. suffruticosa (Calendula) · C. suffruticosa algarbiensis · C. suffruticosa maritima · C. suffruticosa maritima 'Summerlovers Skyfire Yellow' · C. suffruticosa maritima 'Sunlovers Skyfire' · C. suffruticosa subsp. fulgida · C. suffruticosa subsp. lusitanica · C. suffruticosa subsp. maderensis · C. suffruticosa subsp. maritima · C. suffruticosa subsp. tlemcensis · C. suffruticosa tomentosa · C. sufruticosa · C. sylvestris · C. thapsiaecarpa · C. tomentosa · C. tragus · C. tripterocarpa · C. tunetana · C. versicolor · C. vidali · C. viscosa
Bibliography
- Heyn, C. C., O. Dagan, and B. Nachman. 1974. The annual Calendula species: Taxonomy and relationships. Israel J. Bot. 23: 169-201.
Footnotes
- John L. Strother "Calendula". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 30, 379, 381. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Sources
- The distribution map on the Distribution tab comes from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and is used with permission.
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