Overview
Taxonomy
The Tribe Bombini is a member of the Subfamily Bombinae. Here is the complete "parentage" of Bombini:
- Domain: Eukaryota
Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae
Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
- Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae
Cavalier-Smith, 1981 - Green Plants
- Phylum: Tracheophyta
Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
- Subphylum: Euphyllophytina
- Infraphylum: Radiatopses Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Subphylum: Euphyllophytina
- Phylum: Tracheophyta
Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
- Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae
Cavalier-Smith, 1981 - Green Plants
- Kingdom: Plantae
Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
The Tribe Bombini is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Genus (82): Adelges · Aeschynanthus · Alrawia · Areas · Bedfordia · Bellendena · Bergenia · Blandfordia · Bombus · Bubo · Castanea · Cipura · Cliftonia · Codonopsis · Conophthorus · Cornus · Craspedia · Cryptococcus · Drapetes · Dynaspidiotus · Elettariopsis · Epigeneium · Eremurus · Ficaria · Forstera · Fur · Galanthus · Geesinkorchis · Guaiacum · Haastia · Halesia · Heteropsylla · Hosta · Isodon · Juniperus · Kniphofia · Leptocarpus · Leucanthemopsis · Lobivia · Matsucoccus · Melocalamus · Mitchella · Myricaria · Nageliella · Nemopanthus · Notothlaspi · Nyssa · Odixia · Oreocharis · Oreopolus · Ornithodoros · Paradiplosis · Parahebe · Photinia · Phyllodoce · Pinyonia · Platycarya · Pleuranthodium · Pseudomertensia · Pseudoplusia · Psithyrus · Pteridium · Pterocephalus · Pterostyrax · Pyrgophyllum · Sarcococca · Stemmacantha · Stenocactus · Steremnius · Streptocarpus · Sulcorebutia · Taphrorychus · Tetradium · Umbellularia · Undaria · Vallaris · Vallota · Vellozia · Widdringtonia · Xanthorrhoea · Zeiraphera · Zombia
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 382 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in the Tribe Bombini.
Genera
Adelges
Adelges is a genus of insects which feed on conifers. [more]
Aeschynanthus
Aeschynanthus is a genus of ca. 185 species of tropical herbs. They are found in southern and southeastern Asia, the islands of Indonesia, New Guinea, and the Philippines. They are usually trailing epiphytes with brightly colored flowers that are pollinated by sunbirds. Among the better known species are and Aeschynanthus radicans. The genus name comes from a contraction of aischuno (to be ashamed) and anthos (flower). The common name for some species is "lipstick plant", which comes from the appearance of the developing buds of some species. A full list of the accepted species and their synonyms can be found in the Smithsonian Institution's World Checklist of Gesneriaceae. [more]
Alrawia
Areas
Area is a quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional surface or shape in the plane. Area can be understood as the amount of material with a given thickness that would be necessary to fashion a model of the shape, or the amount of paint necessary to cover the surface with a single coat. It is the two-dimensional analog of the length of a curve (a one-dimensional concept) or the volume of a solid (a three-dimensional concept). [more]
Bedfordia
Bedfordia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Asteraceae. The genus includes 3 species, all endemic to Australia. [more]
Bellendena
Bergenia
Bergenia is a genus of ten species of flowering plants in the family Saxifragaceae, native to central Asia, from Afghanistan to China and the Himalaya. They are evergreen perennial plants with a spirally arranged rosette of leaves 6-35 cm long and 4-15 cm broad, and pink flowers produced in a cyme. [more]
Blandfordia
Blandfordia is a genus of flowering plants, placed in the family Blandfordiaceae of the order Asparagales of the monocots. The genus is native to eastern Australia. Plants in this genus are commonly referred to as Christmas Bells due to the shape of their flowers and the timing of their flowering season in Australia. Blandfordia was named by English botanist James Edward Smith in 1804 in honour of George Spencer-Churchill, 5th Duke of Marlborough, the Marquis of Blandford. [more]
Bombus
A bumblebee is any member of the bee genus Bombus, in the family Apidae. There are over 250 known species, existing primarily in the Northern Hemisphere although they are common in New Zealand and in the Australian state of Tasmania. [more]
Bubo
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[1] [more]
Castanea
Castanea can mean: [more]
Cipura
Cliftonia
Codonopsis
Codonopsis is a genus of flowering plant within the family Campanulaceae. It is allied to and Leptocodon, and some authors suggest that Codonopsis should include these genera. Without them, Codonopsis includes 55 species endemic to East Asia. [more]
Conophthorus
Cornus
Craspedia
Craspedia is a genus of commonly known as billy buttons or woollyheads. They are native to Australia and New Zealand where they grow in a variety of habitats from sea level to the alps. The genus is found in every state of Australia except the Northern Territory. In New Zealand, Craspedia is found south from about East Cape in the North Island to Stewart Island. It also occurs on Campbell Island 660 km S of Stewart Island, and the Chatham Islands, 800 km E of East Cape. Craspedia are rosette-forming herbs with secondarily compound capitula (glomerules) that are borne on erect, unbranched scapes. The glomerules or flower-heads are hemispherical to spherical (like pom poms) and are formed of a massive aggregation of tiny flowers (florets). Most species are perennial with one species recorded as annual. Twenty three-species are currently accepted, six from New Zealand and 17 from Australia. Leaves have considerable variation in form, they range in color from white through to grass green, and are often covered in fine hairs. [more]
Cryptococcus
Cryptococcus (Latin for "hidden sphere") is a genus of fungus. These fungi grow in culture as yeasts. The sexual forms or teleomorphs of Cryptococcus species are filamentous fungi in the genus Filobasidiella. The name Cryptococcus is used when referring to the yeast states of the fungi. [more]
Drapetes
Dynaspidiotus
Elettariopsis
Herbs perennial, to 1 m tall. Rhizomes creeping, slender, bearing pseudostems at intervals. Leaves 1--8; ligule entire or 2-lobed; petiole erect, long; leaf blade ovate, lanceolate, elliptic, or oblong. Inflorescences arising from base of pseudostems, with flowers spaced along rachis or sometimes in an erect, dense head; rachis prostrate or erect, simple or branched; bracts 1- or 2-flowered; bracteoles open, not tubular. Calyx white or pinkish, tubular, apex 2- or 3-toothed. Corolla tube longer than calyx, slender; lobes 3, ovate-oblong or elliptic. Lateral staminodes absent or very short. Filament short and broad; connective appendage ± quadrate, lateral lobes not spreading. Ovary 3-loculed; ovules numerous per locule. Stigma obconical, ciliate. Stylodes 2, slender. Capsule globose, glabrous.[2] [more]
Epigeneium
Eremurus
Herbs perennial, with vertical, short, stout rhizome, surrounded at neck by leaf bases and sometimes also fibers from old, disintegrated leaf bases. Roots numerous, long, thickened, fleshy. Leaves several, all basal, tufted, linear. Scape simple, erect, exceeding leaves, with sterile bracts distally and a terminal raceme. Raceme usually densely many flowered, usually elongate in fruit; bracts membranous, margin often minutely serrulate, fimbriate, or ciliate, apex often long filiform acuminate. Flowers bisexual, 1 per bract axil, pedicellate; pedicel articulate or not. Perianth campanulate, tubular, or cupular; segments 6, free or connate at base, with 1, 3, or 5 veins. Stamens 6, often exserted; filaments filiform or dilated toward base; anthers dorsifixed near base, base with 2 lobes to 0.5 mm. Ovary 3-loculed; seeds several per locule. Style filiform, long, often conspicuously persistent in fruit; stigma very small. Fruit a capsule, globose or subglobose, loculicidal. Seeds irregularly 3-angled, sometimes winged along angles.[3] [more]
Ficaria
Ranunculus () is a large genus of about 600 species of plants in the Ranunculaceae. Members of the genus include the buttercups, spearworts, water crowfoots and the lesser celandine. [more]
Forstera
Forstera is a genus of small perennial plants in the Stylidiaceae family named in honour of the German naturalists Johann Reinhold Forster and his son, Georg Forster, who had previously described Forstera's sister genus, Phyllachne just five years earlier. It comprises five species that are endemic to New Zealand with the exception of F. bellidifolia, which is endemic to Tasmania. The species in this genus resemble those in a subgenus of the related genus Stylidium called Forsteropsis, but they are more closely related to the genus Phyllachne. Proposals to merge the two genera based on information from cladistic analysis have emerged because of these genera's morphological similarities and evidence that they are paraphyletic. [more]
Fur
Fur is a synonym for hair, used more in reference to non-human animals, usually mammals; particularly those with extensive body hair coverage. The term is sometimes used to refer to the body hair of an animal as a complete coat, also known as the "pelage". Fur is also used to refer to animal pelts which have been processed into leather with the hair still attached. The words fur or furry are also used, more casually, to refer to hair-like growths or formations; particularly when the subject being referred to exhibits a dense coat of fine, soft "hairs". [more]
Galanthus
Galanthus (Snowdrop; Greek g?la "milk", ?nthos "flower") is a small genus of about 20 species of bulbous herbaceous plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. Most flower in winter, before the vernal equinox (20 or 21 March in the Northern Hemisphere), but certain species flower in early spring and late autumn. [more]
Geesinkorchis
Guaiacum
Guaiacum, sometimes spelled Guajacum, is a genus of flowering plants in the caltrop family Zygophyllaceae. It contains five species of slow-growing shrubs and trees, reaching a height of approximately 20 m (66 ft) but are usually less than half of that. All are native to subtropical and tropical regions of the Americas and are commonly known as lignum-vitae, guayac?n (Spanish), or ga?ac (French). The genus name originated in Maipurean, the language spoken by the native Ta?nos of the Bahamas; it was adopted by English in 1533, the first word in that language of American origin. [more]
Haastia
Halesia
Halesia ( which is named after Stephen Hales ) , also known as (Silverbell or Snowdrop Tree) is a small genus of four or five species of deciduous large shrubs or small trees in the family Styracaceae, native to eastern Asia (southeast China) and eastern North America (southern Ontario, Canada south to Florida and eastern Texas, United States). They grow to 5-20 m tall (rarely to 39 m), and have alternate, simple ovate leaves 5-16 cm long and 3-8 cm broad. The flowers are pendulous, white or pale pink, produced in open clusters of 2-6 together, each flower 1-3 cm long. The fruit is an oblong dry drupe 2-4 cm long, with two or four narrow longitudinal ribs or wings. [more]
Heteropsylla
Hosta
Hosta (, syn.: Funkia) is a genus of about 23?45 species of lily-like plants in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Agavoideae, native to northeast Asia. They have been placed in their own family, Hostaceae (or Funkiaceae); like many 'lilioid monocots', they were once classified in the Liliaceae. The scientific name is also used as the common name; in the past they were also sometimes called the Corfu Lily, the Day Lily, or the Plantain lily, but these terms are now obsolete. The name Hosta is in honor of the Austrian botanist Nicholas Thomas Host. The Japanese name Giboshi is also used in English to a small extent. The rejected generic name Funkia, also used as a common name, can be found in some older literature. [more]
Isodon
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[4] [more]
Juniperus
Junipers are coniferous plants in the genus Juniperus () of the cypress family Cupressaceae. Depending on taxonomic viewpoint, there are between 50-67 species of juniper, widely distributed throughout the northern hemisphere, from the Arctic, south to tropical Africa in the Old World, and to the mountains of Central America. [more]
Kniphofia
Kniphofia (), also called Tritoma, Red hot poker, Torch lily or Poker plant, is a genus of plants in the family Xanthorrhoeaceae, subfamily Asphodeloideae, that includes 70 or more species native to Africa. Some species have been commercially used horticulturally and are commonly known for their bright, rocket-shaped flowers. [more]
Leptocarpus
Leucanthemopsis
Lobivia
Echinopsis is a large genus of cacti native to South America, sometimes known as hedgehog cacti, sea-urchin cactus or Easter lily cactus. One small species, E. chamaecereus, is known as the peanut cactus. The 128 species range from large and treelike types to small globose cacti. The name derives from echinos hedgehog or sea urchin, and opsis appearance, a reference to these plants' dense coverings of spines. [more]
Matsucoccus
Melocalamus
Melocalamus is a genus of bamboo, found in lowland areas from Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Thailand to Southern China. [more]
Mitchella
Mitchella is a small genus from the family , native to the Americas and eastern Asia. [more]
Myricaria
Shrubs, rarely subshrubs, deciduous, erect or prostrate. Leaves simple, alternate, sessile, usually densely arranged on green young branches of current year, margin entire. Flowers bisexual, shortly petiolate, clustered into terminal or lateral racemes or panicles; bracts broadly or narrowly membranous along margin. Calyx 5-fid; lobes often membranous along margin. Petals 5, pink, white, or purplish red, obovate, narrowly elliptic, or obovate-oblong, apex obtuse or emarginate, often incurved, usually persistent in fruit. Stamens 10: 5 long and 5 short; filaments ca. 1/2 or 2/3 united, rarely free; anthers 2-thecate, longitudinally dehiscent, yellow. Pistils consisting of 3 carpels; ovary 3-angled; placentation basal; ovules numerous; stigmas capitate, 3-lobed. Capsule 3-septicidal. Seeds numerous, apex awned; awns white villous throughout or on more than half; endosperm absent.[5] [more]
Nageliella
Nemopanthus
Ilex mucronata (Mountain Holly or Catberry) is a species of holly native to eastern North America, from Newfoundland west to Minnesota, and south to Maryland and West Virginia. [more]
Notothlaspi
Nyssa
Trees dioecious. Leaves often crowded near ends of branches, estipulate. Flowers unisexual, usually in heads or short racemes, in axil of a bract with 2 bracteoles. Male flowers 5-merous. Stamens 10, arranged in two alternate whorls; filaments linear; anthers 2-celled, dorsifixed, with lateral lengthwise slits; disk pulvinate. Female flowers (4 or) 5-merous; staminodes usually present. Ovary inferior, 1(or 2) -loculed, 1-ovuled; style bifid, with stigmatic tissue at inside of stylar arms. Fruit drupaceous, laterally flattened, with persistent calyx and disk. n = 22 [in Nyssa javanica (Blume) Wangerin (Mehra & Bawainin, Evolution 23: 466-481. 1969) ].[6] [more]
Odixia
Oreocharis
The Tit Berrypecker (Oreocharis arfaki) is a species of bird in the Melanocharitidae family. It is monotypic within the genus Oreocharis. It is found in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes. [more]
Oreopolus
Ornithodoros
Paradiplosis
Parahebe
Photinia
Photinia () is a genus of about 40?60 species of small trees and large shrubs in the Rosaceae family. As interpreted here, the natural range of these species is restricted to warm temperate Asia, from the Himalaya east to Japan and south to India and Thailand. They have, however, been widely cultivated throughout the world as ornamentals for their white flowers and red fruits. [more]
Phyllodoce
Phyllodoce is a small genus of plants which includes the mountainheaths or mountain heathers. These are low matting shrubs with distinctive leaves which roll under themselves so tightly they resemble pine needles. They bear attractive flowers in shades of pink and purple. Phyllodoce are found in mountainous regions of North America, especially the western United States. [more]
Pinyonia
Platycarya
Platycarya is a genus of flowering plants in the family Juglandaceae, usually treated as comprising a single species Platycarya strobilacea, though one to two additional species are accepted by some authors. It is native to eastern Asia in China, Korea, and Japan. [more]
Pleuranthodium
Pseudomertensia
Pseudoplusia
Psithyrus
Cuckoo bumblebees are members of the subgenus Psithyrus in the bumblebee genus Bombus. Up until recently, the 29 species of Psithyrus were considered to constitute a separate genus. They are a specialized lineage which has lost social behavior, and lost the ability to collect pollen, and are instead cleptoparasitic in the colonies of other bumblebees. Before finding and invading a host colony, a Psithyrus female (there is no caste system in these species) will feed directly from flowers. Once she has infiltrated a host colony, the Psithyrus female will kill or subdue the queen of that colony and forcibly (using pheromones and/or physical attacks) "enslave" the workers of that colony to feed her and her developing young. When the young emerge, they leave the colony to mate, and the females seek out other nests to attack. [more]
Pteridium
Bracken are several species of large, coarse ferns of the genus Pteridium. Ferns (Pteridophyta) are vascular plants that have alternating generations, large plants that produce spores and small plants that produce sex cells (eggs and sperm). Brackens are in the family Dennstaedtiaceae, which are noted for their large, highly divided leaves. They are commonly found on moorland. Brackens are cosmopolitan, being found on all continents except Antarctica and in all environments except deserts. The genus probably has the widest distribution of any fern genus in the world. [more]
Pterocephalus
Pterocephalus is a genus in the family of herbs and shrubs. [more]
Pterostyrax
Pterostyrax (Epaulette tree) is a small genus of four species of deciduous large shrubs or small trees in the family Styracaceae, native to eastern Asia in China and Japan. They grow to 4-12 m tall, and have alternate, simple ovate leaves 6-17 cm long and 4-10 cm broad. The flowers are white, produced in dense panicles 8-25 cm long. The fruit is an oblong dry drupe, with longitudinal ribs or narrow wings (the wings are absent in the related genus Styrax, whence the name Pterostyrax, "winged styrax"). [more]
Pyrgophyllum
Rhizomes globose; roots thick. Pseudostems erect. Ligule 2-cleft, membranous; petiole channeled; leaf blade ovate or oblong-lanceolate. Inflorescences terminal on pseudostems; bracts 1--3, large, concave, margin basally adnate to main rachis of inflorescence, apex with leaflike extension. Flowers sessile, yellow, soon withering. Calyx tubular, deeply split on 1 side, apex 2-toothed. Corolla tube longer than calyx; central lobe wider than lateral ones. Lateral staminodes sublinear, equaling corolla lobes. Labellum 2-lobed at apex; lobes ovate. Filament short; anther basifixed; connective appendage conspicuous, deltoid, entire. Ovary obovoid, 3-loculed. Stylodes 2, linear. Capsule subglobose. Seeds ovoid.[7] [more]
Sarcococca
Sarcococca, Sweet box, or Christmas box is a genus of 16-20 species of flowering plants in the family Buxaceae, native to eastern and southeastern Asia and the Himalaya. They are slow-growing evergreen shrubs 1-2 m tall. The leaves are borne alternately, 3-12 cm long and 1-4 cm broad. They bear fragrant flowers, often in winter. The fruit is a red or black drupe containing 1-3 seeds. Some species are cultivated for ground cover in shady areas. [more]
Stemmacantha
Stenocactus
Stenocactus is a of cacti. [more]
Steremnius
Streptocarpus
Streptocarpus is a of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Gesneriaceae, closely related to the genus Saintpaulia. One common name is Cape Primrose, referring to the nativity of several species to South Africa and their superficial resemblance to the genus Primula. The genus is native to parts of Africa and Madagascar (with a few odd species in Asia that probably do not belong in the genus). The plants often grow on shaded rocky hillsides or cliffs. About 155 species of Streptocarpus are currently recognized, the first described being S. rexii. They are found growing on the ground, rock crevices, and almost anywhere the seed can germinate and grow. Some species such as S. dunnii are unifoliate with the plant producing no true leaves, only a single cotyledon that continues to grow throughout the life of the plant. The unifoliate species are monocarpic and die after producing seeds. Other species are perennial and come into flower during different parts of the year. Members of subgenus Streptocarpella are more typical caulescent herbs and are sometimes grown as bedding or hanging plants. The genus is defined by having a spirally twisted fruit (hence the name "streptocarpus"), although this character is also found in some other Old World genera of Gesneriaceae. Recent phylogenetic studies strongly suggest that although it does not have a twisted fruit the genus Saintpaulia has evolved from within subgenus Streptocarpella. [more]
Sulcorebutia
Rebutia K. Schum. is a genus in the family Cactaceae, native to Bolivia and Argentina. [more]
Taphrorychus
Tetradium
Tetradium is a genus of about 5 to 10 species of trees in the family Rutaceae, occurring in temperate to tropical east Asia. In cultivation in English-speaking countries, they are known as Euodia, Evodia, or Bee bee tree. [more]
Umbellularia
Umbellularia californica is a large tree native to coastal forests of California and slightly extended into Oregon. [more]
Undaria
Undaria is a of kelp which includes Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame). [more]
Vallaris
Vallaris is a genus of plants in the family Apocynaceae. [more]
Vallota
Vallota is a of the plant family Amaryllidaceae. It includes the Scarborough Lily (V. speciosa, sometimes listed as V. purpurea). [more]
Vellozia
Velloziaceae is a botanical name for a family of flowering plants. Such a family has been recognized by many taxonomists. [more]
Widdringtonia
Widdringtonia is a genus of coniferous trees in the Cupressaceae (cypress family). There are four species, all native to southern Africa, where they are known in the past as "cedars" (to which they are not related) but are now known as African cypresses. [more]
Xanthorrhoea
Xanthorrhoea is a genus of flowering plants native to Australia and a member of family Xanthorrhoeaceae, being the only member of subfamily Xanthorrhoeoideae. The Xanthorrhoeaceae are monocots, part of order Asparagales. There are 28 species and five subspecies of Xanthorrhoea. [more]
Zeiraphera
Zombia
Zombia antillarum, commonly known as the zombie palm, is a species of palm tree and the only member of the genus Zombia. It is endemic to the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles. Usually found in dry, hilly areas of northern and southern Haiti and the northwest of the Dominican Republic, Z. antillarum is a relatively short fan palm with clustered stems and a very distinctive appearance caused by its persistent spiny leaf sheaths. Threatened by habitat destruction in Haiti, Z. antillarum is a popular ornamental species due to its distinctive appearance, low maintenance requirements and salt tolerance. [more]
More info about the Genus Zombia may be found here.
Bibliography
- Fang Wen-pei. 1983. Nyssaceae. In: Fang Wen-pei & Chang Che-yung, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 52(2): 144-159.
- Wu Te-lin, Chen Sen-jen, Tsai Hsi-tao, Tong Shao-quan, Chen Pei-shan & Zhao Shi-wang. 1981. Zingiberaceae subfam. Zingiberoideae. In: Wu Te-lin, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 16(2): 22--148.
- Zhang Pengyun & Zhang Yaojia. 1990. Tamaricaceae. In: Li Hsiwen, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 50(2): 142-177.
Footnotes
- http://www.ubio.org/browser/details.php?namebankID=1560
- "Elettariopsis". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 356. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Chen Sing-chi, Nicholas J. Turland "Eremurus". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 159. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- http://www.ubio.org/browser/details.php?namebankID=113831
- "Myricaria". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 58, 66. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Haining Qin & Chamlong Phengklai "Nyssa". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 300, 301. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- "Pyrgophyllum". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 370. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Sources
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