• Overview
• Selected Genera
• Photos
• Taxonomy
• Genera
• References
• Bibliography
• Footnotes
• Sources

Overview

Photos

Taxonomy

The Tribe Astereae is further organized into finer groupings including:

• Genus (83): Adromischus · Agapanthus · Allium · Aloe · Alstroemeria · Ampelodesmos · Aster · Asteranthera · Asteriscus · Astrantia · Avena · Baccharis · Bauhinia · Beesia · Begonia · Bellis · Bergenia · Bletilla · Boltonia · Bomarea · Brachycome · Brachyscome · Brodiaea · Buxus · Calamintha · Calycanthus · Campanula · Caryopteris · Cassiope · Chamaecyparis · Cirsium · Codonopsis · Colchicum · Conyza · Cotoneaster · Crassula · Cyclopogon · Deutzia · Dichorisandra · Draba · Erigeron · Eriophyton · Felicia · Fenestraria · Ferocactus · Gaillardia · Geranium · Hebe · Hedera · Helleborus · Hemerocallis · Isatis · Juniperus · Larix · Leucosceptrum · Linanthus · Monopsis · Musa · Nerine · Olearia · Petasites · Phillyrea · Podophyllum · Populus · Pterolobium · Pteronia · Rodgersia · Rosmarinus · Senna · Solidago · Sollya · Sonerila · Sophora · Sophronitis · Sorbaria · Spilanthes · Stokesia · Syringa · Tiarella · Tillandsia · Ulmus · Watsonia · Yushania
• Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 5,015 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in the Tribe Astereae.

Genera

Adromischus

Adromischus is a genus of easily propagated leaf from the Crassulaceae family. Adromischus are endemic to southern Africa. The name comes from the ancient Greek "adros" (=thick) et "mischos" (=stem). [more]

Agapanthus

Agapanthus , the "Lily of the Nile", is a genus of flower plants with six to ten species depending on how the different species are classified. They are all perennial plants native to South Africa. They have been placed either in the family Alliaceae, or separated into their own monogeneric family Agapanthaceae (e.g. Indices Nominum Supragenericorum Plantarum Vascularium). [more]

Allium

Herbs, perennial, scapose, from tunicate bulbs, with onion odor and taste. Bulbs solitary or clustered, dividing at base, or on rhizomes, reforming annually; outer coats generally brown or gray, smooth, fibrous, or with cellular reticulation (generally important in identification) ; inner coats membranous. Leaves generally withering from tip by anthesis, usually persistent, 1-12, basal; blade usually linear, terete, channeled, or flat (carinate in A. sativum, A. praecox, A. tuberosum, A. rotundum, A. neapolitanum, A. triquetrum, A. unifolium, and A. lacunosum), straight or ± falcate (coiled or circinate in A. nevadense and A. atrorubens), broader in A. victorialis and A. tricoccum, not petiolate (except in A. tricoccum and A. victorialis) . Scape usually persistent, terete or flattened. Inflorescences umbellate, flowering centripetally (centrifugally in A. schoenoprasum), sometimes replaced totally or partially by bulbils, subtended by spathe bracts; bracts conspicuous, ± fused, usually 3+-veined, equaling pedicel except in some introduced species, membranous. Flowers erect (pendent in A. triquetrum) ; tepals 6, in 2 similar whorls, ± distinct, petallike, usually becoming becoming dry and persisting; stamens 6, epipetalous; filaments in all but 1 native species broad at base, fused into ring (some introduced species and A. victorialis appendaged), linear, generally glabrous (A. rotundum and A. hoffmanii papillose to ciliate proximally) ; anthers and pollen variously colored; ovary superior, 3-lobed, sometimes crested with processes, 3-locular, usually 2 ovules per locule (6-8 in A. nigrum), crest processes 3 or 6, smooth except in A. haematochiton, A. sharsmithiae, and A. lacunosum; style 1; stigma capitate to ± 3-lobed; pedicel erect or spreading (lax in A. triquetrum) . Fruits capsular, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds black, obovoid, finely cellular-reticulate, cells smooth or minutely roughened, with 1-8 papillae, without caruncle except in A. triquetrum. x = 7, 8, 9.^[1] [more]

Aloe

Plants succulent, shrubby or arborescent, scapose. Stems erect, clambering or ascending, branched or not. Leaves succulent, crowded, often rosulate or distichous; blade margins spiny-toothed or entire. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, paniculate to more often racemose, dense, bracteate. Flowers usually nodding; perianth red to yellow; tepals connate basally to almost entirely into tube; stamens 3 or 6; style slender; pedicel not articulate. Capsules papery to woody. x = 7.^[2] [more]

Alstroemeria

Herbs, perennial, from fascicles of fusiform tubers. Stems mostly simple; fertile stems to 1 m or more; sterile stems shorter, more leafy. Leaves alternate; petiole often twisted so as to invert leaf; blade parallel-veined, linear to ovate, margins entire. Inflorescences terminal, umbellate [or 1-flowered]. Flowers slightly zygomorphic; tepals 6, distinct, red, orange, purple, green, or white, frequently spotted, to 5 cm; stamens 6, inserted on perianth base, declinate, usually unequal; ovary inferior; style slender; stigma 3-lobed, filiform. Fruits capsular, 3-valved, dehiscence loculicidal.^[3] [more]

Ampelodesmos

Ampelodesmos is a monotypic genus of containing the single species Ampelodesmos mauritanicus, which is known by the common names stramma, Mauritania grass, rope grass, and dis grass. This is a clumping perennial grass which is native to the Mediterranean but has been introduced elsewhere and is cultivated as an ornamental. Its nodding flower panicles can be nearly two feet long. In its native area it is used as a fiber for making mats, brooms, and twine. The genus name comes from the Greek ampelos, "vine", and desmos, "bond", from its former use as a string to tie up grapevines. [more]

Aster

Perennials [subshrubs, shrubs], 3-300 cm (rhizomatous, rhizomes long or short, plants sometimes with branched caudices) . Stems ascending to erect, simple, ± densely hairy [glabrous], sometimes stipitate-glandular. Leaves basal and/or cauline; sessile or petiolate; blades 1-nerved, spatulate, obovate (mainly basal), oblanceolate, lance-oblong, lanceolate, or linear, distal often reduced, margins entire or serrate [lobed], faces hairy. Heads radiate, borne singly or in corymbiform [paniculiform] arrays. Involucres broadly campanulate or hemispheric [cylindro-campanulate], 15-25 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 25-50 in 2-4 series, 1-nerved (flat), ovate to lanceolate, unequal to subequal, bases ± scarious, herbaceous distally or not, green zones along midnerves, margins scarious to hyaline, densely villous, strigillose, or glabrous, sometimes ± short-stipitate-glandular. Receptacles flat or convex, pitted, epaleate. Ray florets 14-55(-100) [-150] in 1 series, pistillate, fertile; corollas white, pink, purple, blue, or violet. Disc florets 20-100+, bisexual, fertile; corollas usually yellow (sometimes reddening), slightly ampliate [tubular], tubes shorter than to equaling funnelform or campanulate throats, lobes 5, usually erect to spreading, rarely reflexed, lanceolate; style-branch appendages lanceolate. Cypselae obconic, compressed, 2 marginal ribs, faces ± densely strigillose [glabrous], sometimes short-stipitate-glandular; pappi persistent, of 20-30 white to tawny, ± equal, barbellate, apically usually attenuate, sometimes ± clavate bristles in 1-2 series. x = 9.^[4] [more]

Asteranthera

[more]

Asteriscus

Asteriscus may refer to: [more]

Astrantia

Astrantia is a of herbaceous plants in the family Apiaceae, endemic to Central, Eastern and Southern Europe and the Caucasus. There are 8 or 9 species, which have aromatic roots, palmate leaves, and decorative flowers. They are commonly known as great masterwort, which may be confused with masterwort, Peucedanum ostruthium. [more]

Avena

Annuals. Culms erect, fairly robust. Leaf blades linear, flat; ligule membranous. Inflorescence a large loose panicle. Spikelets large, pendulous, oblong to gaping, florets 2 to several, the uppermost reduced; rachilla pilose or glabrous, disarticulating below each floret or only below the lowest, or not disarticulating (cultivated species) ; glumes lanceolate to elliptic, usually subequal and as long as spikelet, rarely strongly unequal or shorter than spikelet, herbaceous to membranous, 7-11-veined, back rounded, smooth, apex acuminate; floret callus acute to pungent, bearded; lemmas lanceolate-oblong, usually leathery, occasionally papery, back rounded, 5-9-veined, glabrous to hispid, awned usually from near middle of back, apex papery, 2-toothed to 2-fid, lobes sometimes extended into fine bristles, awn geniculate with twisted column, sometimes reduced or absent (cultivated species) ; palea usually shorter than lemma, keels ciliate. Ovary densely hairy. Caryopsis with long linear hilum.^[5] [more]

Baccharis

Perennials, subshrubs, shrubs, or trees, 10-600 cm (dioecious [rarely monoecious], usually glabrous, often resinous; bases woody, rarely rhizomatous). Stems (1-20+) usually erect or ascending, rarely prostrate (usually striate-angled, rarely terete and smooth; usually green), glabrous, glabrate, hispidulous, or villous, often resinous. Leaves cauline (sometimes withering and sparse or absent at flowering) ; alternate; sessile or petiolate; blades 1- or 3-nerved, linear, lanceolate, ovate, oblong, obovate, or rhombic (usually reduced distally), margins entire or coarsely serrate, faces usually glabrous, rarely hispidulous or villous, often gland-dotted and resinous. Heads (sessile or pedicellate, unisexual) discoid, usually in paniculiform or corymbiform, sometimes racemiform arrays or borne singly. Involucres cylindric to campanulate or hemispheric, 3-9 mm diam. Phyllaries 20-40 in 2-5 series (mid usually green, sometimes red or purple), 1-nerved, ovate to lanceolate, unequal, margins usually scarious, often erose or ciliate, sometimes keeled (midribs evident or not, apices obtuse to acute or acuminate, sometimes keeled), usually glabrous, rarely hispid. Receptacles flat, tholiform, or conic, pitted or smooth (glabrous, tomentose, or glandular), usually epaleate. Functionally staminate florets 10-50 ; corollas white to pale yellow, tubes about equal to narrowly funnelform throats, lobes 5, spreading-reflexed, deltate to lance-ovate (pappi of 20-40 equal, often crisped and minutely barbellate or distally plumose bristles). Pistillate florets 20-150; corollas whitish, filiform-tubular, lobes 5, spreading-reflexed, ± deltate to lance-ovate; style branches (glabrate, flattened), appendages lacking. Cypselae light brown, obovoid to cylindric, ± compressed, 5-10-nerved, glabrous or hispid; pappi persistent or falling, of 25-50 whitish to tawny, rarely brownish (elongating and usually surpassing phyllaries in fruit), minutely barbellate, apically attenuate bristles in 1-3 series. x = 9.^[6] [more]

Bauhinia

Trees, shrubs or climbers. Leaves alternate, simple, usually consisting of two lobes or almost bifoliolate with midrib between the two leaflets produced as a small spur. Flowers are showy, arranged in simple or panicled, terminal or axillary racemes. Hypanthium sometimes long and cylindrical, sometimes short and turbinate. Calyx entire or spathaceous, or cleft into two or five teeth. Petals 5, slightly unequal, narrowed at the base into a claw, variously coloured. Stamens 10, or reduced to 5 or there, filaments free or shortly connate, filiform, anthers versatile, Dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary seated on a stalk (gynophore), ovules many, style long or short and usually curved, stigma capitate, fruit a linear pod, dehiscent or indehiscent.^[7] [more]

Beesia

Herbs perennial. Rhizome robust, creeping or ascending. Leaves 2--4, basal, long petiolate, simple, cordate or cordate-triangular, dentate. Scape simple, with membranous sheath at base. Cyme compound, with 1--3 sessile fascicled flowers at several nodes. Bracts and bracteoles subulate or lanceolate. Flower actinomorphic, opening flat. Sepals 5, petaloid, white, elliptic. Petals absent. Stamens numerous; filaments subfiliform; anthers subglobose. Follicle solitary, long, narrow, flat, with transverse veins. Seeds several, ovoid-globose, rugose.^[8] [more]

Begonia

Perennial succulent herbs, rarely subshrubs. Stem erect, frequently rhizomatous, or plants tuberous and either acaulescent or shortly stemmed, rarely lianoid or climbing with adventitious roots, or stoloniferous. Leaves simple, rarely palmately compound, alternate or all basal; blade often oblique and asymmetric, rarely symmetric, margin often irregularly serrate and divided, occasionally entire, venation usually palmate; petiole long, weak; stipules membranous, usually deciduous. Flowers unisexual, plants monoecious, rarely dioecious, (1 or) 2-4 to several, rarely numerous, in dichotomous cymes, sometimes in panicle, with pedicels and bracts. Staminate flower: tepals 2 or 4 and decussate, usually outer ones larger, inner ones smaller; stamens usually numerous; filaments free or connate at base; anthers 2-celled, apical or lateral; connectives extended at apex, sometimes apiculate. Pistillate flower: tepals 2-5(-10) ; pistil composed of 2-5(-7) carpels; ovary inferior, 1-3(-7) -loculed; placentae axile or parietal; styles 2 or 3(or more), free or fused at base, forked once or more; stigma turgid, spirally twisted-tortuous or U-shaped, capitate or reniform, setose-papillose. Capsule dry, sometimes berrylike, unequally or subequally 3-winged, rarely wingless and 3- or 4-horned; seeds very numerous, pale brown, oblong, minute, testa reticulate.^[9] [more]

Bellis

Perennials [annuals], 5-20 cm (scapiform; rhizomes herbaceous [roots fibrous]). Stems erect, simple, strigose. Leaves basal (mostly) [sometimes cauline, reduced]; alternate; petiolate; blades 1-nerved, obovate-spatulate to rounded, margins crenate-serrate, strigose. Heads radiate, borne singly. Involucres hemispheric, [3-]4-6[-8] × 9-13 mm. Phyllaries 13-14+ in (1-) 2(-3) series 1-nerved, oblong, subequal, herbaceous, margins entire, abaxial faces strigose. Receptacles conic [hemispheric or nearly flat] (± elongating with age), pitted, epaleate. Ray florets 35-90 (in [1-]3-4 series), pistillate, fertile; corollas abaxially often pink- or purplish-tinged, adaxially white (closing at night). Disc florets 60-80+, bisexual, fertile; corollas pale yellow, tubes much shorter than funnelform [tubular] throats, lobes 5, erect or incurved, deltate; style-branch appendages deltate. Cypselae obconic, compressed, marginally 2-ribbed, eglandular [gland-dotted (sessile) ], faces short-strigose [glabrous or ciliate-margined]; pappi 0 [bristles]. x = 9.^[10] [more]

Bergenia

Herbs perennial, forming large clumps. Rhizomes creeping, large, thick, scaly. Leaves all basal, ± persistent, simple, waxy, often leathery; petiole short, broad, sheathing at base; leaf blade thick, margin entire, crenate, or dentate. Infloresences cymose, bracteate. Flowers showy, large. Sepals 5. Petals 5, white, pink, red, or purple. Stamens 10. Carpels 2, basally connate; ovary 1/4 subsuperior, proximally 2-loculed with axile placentation and distally 1-loculed with marginal placentation; styles 2; ovules many. Fruit a capsule. Seeds numerous, dark brown, small.^[11] [more]

Bletilla

Boltonia

Perennials, 30-200+ cm (rhizomatous, stoloniferous, or with basal offshoots). Stems erect to ascending, branched distally (ribbed), glabrous. Leaves basal (withering by flowering) and cauline; alternate; sessile (sometimes decurrent) ; blades 1-nerved, linear, subulate to lanceolate or oblanceolate (bases attenuate, cauline sometimes decurrent), margins entire to serrulate (teeth callous-tipped), (apices acute to acuminate) faces glabrous. Heads radiate, (10-100+) in leafy, corymbiform or paniculiform arrays. ( Peduncles bracteate or ebracteate, bracts leaflike or scalelike .) Involucres hemispheric, (2-5 ×) 3-14 mm. Phyllaries 30-55 in 3-6 series, 1-nerved (midribs thickened, resinous; flat), linear to oblanceolate or spatulate, unequal to subequal, margins ± membranaceous, faces glabrous. Receptacles conic to hemispheric, obscurely pitted, epaleate. Ray florets 20-60, pistillate, fertile; corollas white to lilac (laminae linear to elliptic). Disc florets 50-400+, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow, tubes shorter than funnelform throats, lobes 5, erect, triangular; style-branch appendages deltate. Cypselae dimorphic (brownish) ; ray ± triquetrous, margins arrowly winged, ribs 2 abaxial, 1 adaxial; disc obovoid to cuneate or obcordiform, laterally compressed, margins winged or not, resin ducts present, faces often puberulent; pappi persistent, usually of 2-3 sclerified awns plus (0-) 7-12 shorter bristles or scales in 1 series. x = 9.^[12] [more]

Bomarea

Bomarea is one of the two major in the plant family Alstroemeriaceae. Most occur in the Andes. Several species are occasionally found as garden plants. [more]

Brachycome

Brachyscome is a of 65 species of shrub in the daisy family Asteraceae. 60 of these are found in Australia, the remainder in New Zealand and New Guinea. [more]

Brachyscome

Brachyscome is a of 65 species of shrub in the daisy family Asteraceae. 60 of these are found in Australia, the remainder in New Zealand and New Guinea. [more]

Brodiaea

Herbs, perennial, scapose, from fibrous-coated corms. Leaves 1-6, basal; blade linear, crescent-shaped in cross section. Scape solitary, cylindrical, usually slender, occasionally stout, rigid. Inflorescences umbellate, open, bracteate; bracts scarious, not enclosing flower buds. Flowers: perianth 6-tepaled, distinctly connate proximally into tube, shiny, abaxial perianth usually bluish purple, tube narrowly campanulate or funnelform, outer 3 lobes narrower than inner 3; stamens 3, epitepalous, opposite inner perianth lobes, alternating with 3 staminodia (staminodia absent in B. orcuttii) opposite outer perianth lobes; filaments adnate to perianth tube, linear, base sometimes dilated to form triangular flap, or sometimes with abaxial wings or appendages; anthers basifixed, appressed to style; pistil 3-carpellate; ovary superior, green (purple in B. jolonensis), sessile, 3-locular, ovules several; style erect; stigma 3-lobed, lobes distinctly spreading and recurved; pedicel erect, articulate at base. Fruits capsular, ovoid, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds black, rounded to flattened, coat with crust with longitudinal surface striations. x = 6, 8, 12, 16, 18, 20, or 24.^[13] [more]

Buxus

Profusely branched shrubs or dwarf trees. Leaves opposite, sessile or subsessile, entire, glabrous or hairy. Inflorescence pedunculate or sessile, of dense racemose clusters, often with a terminal female flower surrounded by several male flowers. Flowers greenish-yellow, unisexual (plants monoecious), sessile to shortly pedicellate. Sepals 4-6, unequal. Stamens 4, free, inserted on receptacle around vestigial ovary, anthers oblong with thick connective, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary tricarpellary, syncarpous, 3-loculed, each locule 2-ovuled; styles 3, rarely basally connate, spreading, short, stigma 2-lobed. Capsule coriaceous, ovoid, 3-beaked with persistent styles, dehiscing into 3, 2-seeded and 2-horned valves. Seed caruncled, somewhat triangular or oblong, glossy-black; embryo with oblong cotyledons.^[14] [more]

Calamintha

Herbs annual or perennial. Leaves petiolate, dentate. Cymes axillary, 2-12-flowered, short pedunculate; bracts lanceolate-subulate. Calyx tubular to tubular-campanulate, 13-veined, throat not constricted, sparsely hirsute inside, base not or only slightly saccate in fruit, limb 2-lipped; teeth of upper lip 3, reflexed; teeth of lower lip 2, longer than upper teeth, lanceolate. Corolla almost as long as calyx to much exserted, 2-lipped, tube gradually dilated; upper lip emarginate, straight; lower lip reflexed, 3-lobed, middle lobe longer than lateral lobes. Stamens 4, didynamous, all included or anterior 2 exserted; anther cells 2, ± parallel or divergent. Ovary glabrous. Style shorter than corolla, complanate or 2-cleft at apex. Nutlets ovoid, rounded.^[15] [more]

Calycanthus

Twigs quadrangular to nearly terete, pubescent to glabrous. Buds naked. Leaves 2-ranked. Leaf blade elliptic, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate; surfaces adaxially scabrous. Flowers maroon or reddish brown, rarely greenish or green-tipped, with strawberry or pineapple scent. x = 11.^[16] [more]

Campanula

Plants perennial or annual, erect trailing or decumbent, glabrous, pubescent, or hirsute. Leaves simple, alternate or forming rosettes at the base. Inflorescence 1-many flowered, with racemes or spikes. Flowers blue to purple or white. Sepals 5, with or without reflexed appendages between lobes; calyx tube adnate to the ovary, segments 5-lobed. Corolla campanulate, funnel-shaped or tubular. Stamens 5, free, filaments dilated at the base. Ovary 3-locular; style cylindrical; stigmas 3. Fruit a capsule, elongated to ovoid, obovoid or round, with membran¬ous walls; dehiscence by irregular pores at the bases or the sides. Seeds minute, numerous.^[17] [more]

Caryopteris

Herbs, subshrubs, or shrubs, erect or climbing. Leaves opposite, simple, entire or dentate, usually with glistening glands. Flowers in lax or dense cymes often aggregate into thyrses, rarely solitary. Calyx (4- or) 5- (or 6) -dentate or -lobed. Corolla short tubed, slightly 2-lipped, margin entire or dentate; lobes 5, spreading; lower lobe larger, concave, fringed. Stamens 4, often strongly exserted, inserted on apical part of corolla tube. Ovary 4-locular; ovules pendulous or laterally attached. Stigma 2-cleft. Fruit dry, usually dividing into four nutlets.^[18] [more]

Cassiope

Shrubs evergreen, dwarf. Stems procumbent or ascending. Leaves decussate, sessile, appressed and crowded, imbricate, usually 4-ranked. Leaf blade small, entire or fimbriate-ciliate, veinless, 1-channeled on back, sometimes plane or convex. Flowers solitary, axillary, pendulous. Pedicel slender, base bracteate; bracteoles absent. Flowers usually 5-merous. Calyx lobes imbricate, subfree. Corolla white or pink, campanulate, lobed or cleft; lobes recurved. Stamens included; filaments straight, flattened; anthers ovate, with two long recurved awns. Ovary superior, glabrous, with many ovules per locule. Capsule depressed-globose, each valve 2-cleft at apex. Seeds many, minute, wingless.^[19] [more]

Chamaecyparis

Trees (rarely shrubs). Branchlets terete or rhombic in cross section, in fan-shaped or pinnately flattened sprays. Leaves opposite in 4 ranks. Adult leaves usually appressed, lateral and facial pairs similar, closely overlapping, scalelike, free portion of long-shoot leaves to ca. 7 mm; abaxial glands present or absent, circular to linear. Pollen cones with 2--3 pairs of sporophylls, each sporophyll with 2--4 pollen sacs. Seed cones maturing and opening in 1--2 years, nearly globose, glaucous, 4--12 mm; scales persistent, 2--5(--6) pairs, valvate, peltate or basifixed, thick and woody, terminal pair often fused. Seeds 1--4 per cone scale, lenticular, equally 2-winged; cotyledons 2--3. x = 11.^[20] [more]

Cirsium

Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 5-400 cm, spiny. Stems (1-several) erect, branched or simple, sometimes narrowly spiny-winged. Leaves basal and cauline; finely bristly-dentate to coarsely dentate or 1-3 times pinnately lobed, teeth and lobes bristly-tipped, faces green and glabrous or densely gray-canescent, usually eglandular. Heads discoid, borne singly, terminal and in distal axils, or in racemiform, spiciform, subcapitate, paniculiform, or corymbiform arrays. ( Peduncles with ± reduced leaflike bracts.) Involucres cylindric to ovoid or spheric, (1-6 ×) 1-8 cm. Phyllaries many in 5-20 series, subequal or weakly to strongly, outer and middle with bases appressed and apices spreading to erect, usually spine-tipped, innermost usually with erect, flat, often twisted, entire or dentate, usually spineless apices (distal portion of phyllary midveins in many species with elongate, glutinous resin gland, usually milky in fresh material but dark brown to black when dry) . Receptacles flat to convex, epaleate, covered with tawny to white bristles or setiform scales. Florets 25-200+; corollas white to pink, red, yellow or purple, ± bilateral, tubes long, slender, distally bent, throats short, abruptly expanded. cylindric, lobes linear; (filaments distinct) anther bases sharply short-tailed, apical appendages linear-oblong; style tips elongate (as measured in descriptions including the slightly swollen nodes, long cylindric fused portions of style branches and very short distinct portions) . Cypselae ovoid, ± compressed, with apical rims, smooth, not ribbed, glabrous, basal attachment scars slightly angled; pappi persistent or falling in rings, in 3-5 series of many flattened, plumose bristles or plumose, setiform scales (longer bristles shorter than corollas except in C. foliosum and C. arvense) . x = 17.^[21] [more]

Codonopsis

Plants perennial, twining, decumbent or erect. Flowers solitary, terminal or axillary. Calyx lobes 5, foliaceous. Corolla campanulate with 5 short lobes; bluish-green. Stamens 5, free, filaments flattened, situated on the margin of the disc. Capsule fleshy when young, becoming dry and hard, beaked, dehiscing localicidally by 3 valves. Ovary 3-locular; styles cylindrical; stigmas 3, flattened.^[22] [more]

Colchicum

Perennial. Corm covered with a brown to dark-brown coat. Roots fibrous, arising from one side of the basal part of the corm. Young leaves enclosed in leaf sheaths. Flowers 1-3, arising directly from the corm or on a very short scape. Perianth of 6 segments, united at the base of the segments to form a tube or split to the base. Stamens 6, epiphyllous. Ovary 3-celled; styles 3, free. Fruit a many-seeded capsule.^[23] [more]

Conyza

Annuals [perennials], 10-120(-350+) cm. Stems usually erect, branched mostly distally (spreading and branched throughout in C. ramosissima), glabrous or hispid, hispidulous, strigillose, or strigose. Leaves basal and cauline (mostly cauline at flowering) ; alternate; petiolate or sessile; blades mostly lanceolate to oblanceolate or linear, margins rarely lobed, ultimate toothed or entire, faces usually hispid, hispidulous, strigillose, or strigose (eglandular). Heads radiate or disciform, usually in spreading to strict, paniculiform or corymbiform arrays (borne ± singly in C. ramosissima). Involucres ± turbinate, 2-5[-7+] mm diam. Phyllaries 20-40+ in 2-4 series, appressed (usually reflexed in fruit), the larger usually 3-nerved (midnerves orange to brownish; not notably keeled), lanceolate to linear, unequal, ± herbaceous medially, margins membranous, abaxial faces glabrous or hirsutulous, hispidulous, or strigose. Receptacles ± flat, pitted or smooth, epaleate. Peripheral ("ray") florets pistillate, fertile: either 20-45+ in 1-2+ series, corollas white to purplish (filiform with laminae filiform to elliptic, 0.1-1[-1.5+] mm), or 20-150+ in 2-5+ series, corollas ochroleucous (filiform, laminae lacking, distally truncate or 2-5-toothed). Disc florets 3-30+, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellowish (nerves sometimes prominently resinous), tubes shorter than narrowly funnelform throats, lobes 5, erect or spreading, deltate; style-branch appendages deltate. Cypselae compressed, oblong to elliptic, 1-nerved on each edge, faces glabrous or strigillose (hairs 0.05-0.1+ mm), eglandular; pappi persistent, of 15-25+ pinkish, sordid, tawny, or white, ± equal, barbellulate, apically attenuate bristles in 1 series. x = 9.^[24] [more]

Cotoneaster

Shrubs, rarely small trees, erect, decumbent, or prostrate, deciduous, semievergreen, or evergreen. Branchlets mostly terete, rarely slightly angulate, unarmed. Winter buds small; scales several, imbricate, exposed. Leaves alternate, simple, shortly petiolate; stipules caducous, usually subulate, small; margin of leaf blade entire, venation camptodromous. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, cymose or corymbose, sometimes flowers several fascicled or solitary. Hypanthium turbinate or campanulate, rarely cylindric, adnate to ovary. Sepals 5, persistent, short. Petals 5, erect or spreading, imbricate in bud, white, pink, or red. Stamens 10-20(-22), inserted in mouth of hypanthium. Ovary inferior or semi-inferior, 2-5-loculed; carpels 2-5, connate abaxially, free adaxially; ovules 2 per carpel, erect; styles 2-5, free; stigmas dilated. Fruit a drupe-like pome, red, brownish red, or orange to black, with persistent, incurved, fleshy sepals, containing pyrenes; pyrenes (1 or) 2-5, bony, 1-seeded; seeds compressed; cotyledons plano-convex.^[25] [more]

Crassula

Cyclopogon

Herbs, terrestrial, sympodial. Roots fasciculate, fleshy, villous. Stems simple, rhizomatous. Leaves few to many, basal, petiolate; blade not articulate, convolute, mostly ovate to elliptic, soft. Inflorescences terminal, many-flowered spikes or racemes, erect; scapes bracteate. Flowers resupinate, horizontal, greenish or yellowish green, small; sepals subparallel, distinct or connate at base, forming obscure mentum with base of column or sepaline nectar tube; petals connivent with dorsal sepal; lip clawed, sagittate to cordate, constricted proximal to apex; lateral margins appressed to sides of column; column erect; pollinia 2, clavate-oblong, mealy; stylar canal entrance central; stigma lobes 2, distinct or approximate; rostellum longer than wide; viscidium relatively large, disc-shaped; ovary sessile or subsessile. Fruits capsules.^[26] [more]

Deutzia

Shrubs stellate hairy. Branchlets opposite; buds enclosed by imbricate scales. Leaves opposite, exstipulate, subdeciduous. Inflorescences racemose, paniculate, corymbose, or cymose, rarely a solitary flower. Calyx tube adnate to ovary, campanulate, 5-lobed. Petals 5, induplicate, valvate, or imbricate. Stamens 10(-15), 2-seriate; filaments subulate, flat, or dilated and apex 2-dentate; anthers shortly stalked, subglobose. Ovary inferior, rarely subinferior, 3-5-loculed; ovules numerous, in many series on fleshy placenta. Styles 3(-5), free; stigma terminal or decurrent. Fruit a capsule, subglobose, 3(-5) -valved, dehiscing loculicidally or between styles. Seeds numerous, oblong, compressed; testa membranous, reticulate, apex winged; embryo borne in middle of fleshy endosperm.^[27] [more]

Dichorisandra

Dichorisandra is a genus in the family Commelinaceae. [more]

Draba

Herbs perennial, rarely annual, biennial (or subshrubs with woody stems). Trichomes simple, forked, stellate, malpighiaceous, or dendritic, stalked or sessile, often more than 1 kind present. Stems erect or ascending, sometimes prostrate, leafy or leafless and plants scapose. Basal leaves petiolate, often rosulate, simple, entire or toothed, rarely lobed. Cauline leaves petiolate or sessile, cuneate or auriculate at base, entire or dentate, sometimes absent. Racemes bracteate or ebracteate, elongated or not in fruit. Fruiting pedicels slender, erect, ascending, or divaricate. Sepals ovate, oblong, or elliptic, base of lateral pair not saccate or subsaccate, margin usually membranous. Petals yellow, white, pink, purple, orange (or rarely red) ; blade obovate, spatulate, oblong, oblanceolate, orbicular, or linear, apex obtuse, rounded, or rarely emarginate; claw obscurely to strongly differentiated from blade. Stamens 6, tetradynamous; filaments dilated or not at base; anthers ovate or oblong, obtuse at apex. Nectar glands 1, 2, or 4, distinct or confluent and subtending bases of all stamens; median glands present or absent; lateral glands toothlike, semiannular, or annular. Ovules 4 to numerous per ovary. Fruit dehiscent, silicles or rarely siliques, ovate, elliptic, oblong, orbicular, ovoid, globose, lanceolate, or linear, latiseptate or terete, sometimes spirally twisted; valves distinctly or obscurely veined, glabrous or pubescent; replum rounded; septum complete, membranous, translucent; style distinct or obsolete, glabrous; stigma capitate, entire or slightly 2-lobed. Seeds biseriate, wingless (or rarely winged), oblong, ovate, or orbicular, flattened; seed coat minutely reticulate, not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons accumbent.^[28] [more]

Erigeron

Annuals, biennials, or perennials [subshrubs, shrubs, trees], (0.5-) 2-90(-100) cm (taprooted, fibrous-rooted, or rhizomatous and fibrous-rooted, sometimes with simple or branched caudices, sometimes stoloniferous) . Stems erect to ascending, decumbent, or prostrate, simple or branched, glabrous or hairy, sometimes glandular (hairs 2-seriate, minute, sometimes stipitate) . Leaves basal and/or cauline (basal persistent or not to flowering) ; alternate; sessile or petiolate; blades 1-nerved (3-nerved), linear to lanceolate, oblanceolate, or spatulate (bases sometimes clasping), margins entire or ± dentate to pinnatifid, faces glabrous or hairy, sometimes glandular. Heads usually radiate, sometimes discoid or disciform (erect, nodding, or arching-pendent in bud), borne singly or in loose, corymbiform or paniculiform arrays. Involucres turbinate to hemispheric, 5-35 mm diam. Phyllaries 30-125(-150) in 2-5 series, 1- or 3-nerved (nerves golden-resinous; usually flat, rarely broadly keeled to convex), narrowly elliptic- to linear-lanceolate, unequal to equal, margins scarious or not, faces hairy or glabrous, sometimes glandular. Receptacles flat to conic, pitted, epaleate. Ray florets 0 or 12-350 in 1(-2+) series, pistillate, fertile; corollas usually white to bluish or purplish to pink, less commonly yellow (coiling from apices, reflexing at tube/lamina junction, or remaining ± straight and spreading) . Peripheral florets (disciform heads) 50-200 in 1-4 series, pistillate. Disc florets 25-450, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow (nerves orange-resinous), tubes shorter than usually tubular, sometimes strongly inflated and indurate throats, lobes 5, erect to spreading, deltate; style-branch appendages mostly deltate (papillate) . Cypselae (tan) oblong to oblong-obovoid, compressed to flattened, 2(-4) -nerved, or subterete, 5-14-nerved (sect. Wyomingia and some other species), faces glabrous or strigose or sericeous, eglandular; pappi persistent or readily falling, usually of outer setae or scales (0.1-0.4 mm), sometimes connate, plus 5-40(-50), stramineous, barbellate bristles, sometimes pappi only on ray or only on disc cypselae, or 0. x = 9.^[29] [more]

Eriophyton

Herbs perennial, lanate. Roots thick, terete. Leaf blade rhombic to subcircular, lower stem leaves sometimes reduced, scalelike. Verticillasters 6-flowered, compact or basally widely spaced; bracteoles spinelike. Flowers sessile. Calyx broadly campanulate, ± transparent, 10-veined; teeth 5, subequal, triangular, apex acuminate. Corolla purplish to reddish, 2-lipped; tube included, without hairy annulus inside; upper lip broad, galeate, incurved, covering lower lip; lower lip subpatent, 3-lobed; middle lobe slightly larger than lateral lobes, emarginate to rounded; lateral lobes circular. Stamens 4, anterior 2 longer, apex dentate, ascending beneath upper lip. Posterior filaments basally thickened; anthers close together in pairs, cells 2, apex divaricate, confluent, villous. Style apex subequally 2-cleft, lobes subulate. Ovary glabrous. Nutlets broadly triquetrous, oblong, large, apex rounded, smooth.^[30] [more]

Felicia

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Fenestraria

Fenestraria is a genus of succulent plants in the family Aizoaceae. The species is also called babies toes or window plant. On each leaf there is transparent window-like area at the top, it is for these window-like structures that the genus is named (Latin: fenestra). In the wild, the plant grows mostly buried by sand. The transparent tips are often above the sand and allow light into the leaves for photosynthesis. F. rhopalophylla is native to Namibia and Namaqualand in southern Africa. The plants are generally found growing in sandy or calciferous soils under low < 100 mm rainfall. [more]

Ferocactus

Plants erect or leaning, unbranched (rarely branched after apical injury) or sparingly branched from base with age in F. hamatacanthus and F. viridescens [or many branched], deep-seated in substrate only in F. viridescens. Roots diffuse. Stems unsegmented, green, ovoid, spheric, depressed-spheric, or cylindric [or flat-topped and flush with soil surface], (0-) 10-150(-300) × 7.5-80(-100) cm, glabrous; ribs [8-]10-32(-40), very prominent, rib crests straight or undulate, uninterrupted (deeply crenate in F. hamatacanthus or sometimes nearly tuberculate in immature plants) ; areoles nearly circular to oblong or elliptic, with fertile portion as short adaxial prolongation confluent with spine cluster or connected to spine cluster by very broad groove, short woolly; areolar glands usually present, sometimes very short and inconspicuous and/or short lived, adaxial in areoles, ovoid to cylindric, blunt, peglike; cortex and pith hard, not mucilaginous. Spines 6-32 per areole, yellow, brown, or reddish to salmon with color hidden by very thin, light gray layer, usually large and coarse, annulate-ridged (smooth in F. hamatacanthus), longest spines 30-130(-170) × 0.5-4.5 mm; radial spines 6-25 per areole, straight to curved, or crinkly bristles, 15-70 mm; central spines 1-4 per areole, flattened, angled, or terete, all or only largest adaxial spine hooked. Flowers diurnal, near stem apex, on large plants often several cm from stem apex, at adaxial edges of areoles (or at axillary end of short areolar groove), funnelform, 2.5-8.5(-10) cm; outer tepals margins entire [fringed]; inner tepals yellow, orange, red, or purple (or white with purplish midstripes) ; ovary scaly, hairless, spineless; scales numerous, broadly rounded to lanceolate, margins ± scarious, minutely to conspicuously fimbriate or denticulate, obtuse; stigma lobes 13-20, yellow, orange, or red, unusually long, 7.5-15 mm. Fruits weakly dehiscent through basal pore (indehiscent in F. hamatacanthus), green, yellow, brownish, or dull purple-red [to bright red], spheric, ovoid, or cylindric, 20-60 × 10-40 mm, thick walled, leathery, hollow except for seeds and long persistent (thin walled and juicy in F. hamatacanthus), with numerous scales, spineless; pulp whitish or, if fruit hollow, absent; floral remnant persistent, dried tepals often remaining distinct, papery, and straight or wavy. Seeds black or dark brown, spheric to subreniform, 1-2.9[-3.2] mm; testa cells flat, weakly convex, concave, or flat with central depressions, pitted or reticulate. x = 11.^[31] [more]

Gaillardia

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Geranium

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves usually alternate, stipulate, variously divided. Peduncles (1-) 2-flowered. Flowers often showy, regular, usually 5-merous. Petals alternating with 5 nectiferous glands. Stamens (5-) 10, staminodes occasional. Carpels usually 5, adnate, separating septifragally from the central axis at maturity. Ovary 5-lobed. Fruit schizocarpic, of 5 mericarps which remain attached to an elastically coiling stylar axis upwards; mericarps without apical pits.^[32] [more]

Hebe

[more]

Hedera

Woody vines, evergreen, hermaphroditic or andromonoecious, creeping or climbing by aerial roots, unarmed. Leaves simple, entire or coarsely lobed, those of fertile shoots differentiated; stipules absent. Inflorescence a terminal, compact raceme of umbels, or occasionally umbels solitary. Pedicels not articulate below ovary. Calyx subentire or 5-toothed. Petals 5, valvate. Stamens 5. Ovary 5-carpellate; styles united into a short column. Fruit a drupe, globose. Seeds ovoid; endosperm ruminate.^[33] [more]

Helleborus

Herbs [subshrubs], perennial, from tough, short rhizomes [rhizomes absent]. Leaves basal and cauline, basal leaf much larger [all leaves cauline], petiolate; cauline leaves alternate. Leaf blade pedately or palmately compound or deeply parted [undivided], lobes narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate or lanceolate, margins sharply toothed [entire]. Inflorescences terminal, 3-4-flowered cymes, to 25 cm or flowers solitary or paired; bracts ±leaflike, divided, not forming involucre. Flowers bisexual, radially symmetric; sepals persistent in fruit [not persistent], 5, yellowish green [white, pink, or purple], plane, ovate to elliptic, 19-30(-50) mm; petals 5-15, distinct, green or brown, funnel-shaped, ± 2-lipped, clawed, 4-8 mm; nectary in center of "funnel"; stamens 30-60; filaments filiform; staminodes absent between stamens and pistils; pistils [2-]3-6[-10], simple, proximally connate [distinct or completely connate]; ovules several per pistil; style present. Fruits follicles [capsules], aggregate, sessile, oblong, sides with prominent transverse veins; beak terminal, straight, 5-15 mm. Seeds usually ± carinate. x = 8.^[34] [more]

Hemerocallis

Herbs, perennial, scapose, clump-forming, rhizomatous, from fibrous or fleshy contractile roots often enlarged at ends; rhizomes spreading. Leaves many, basal, sessile, 2-ranked, bases sheathing; blade long-linear, keeled, apex acuminate. Inflorescences 2, in terminal helicoid cyme, or solitary. Flowers mostly diurnal and ephemeral, slightly irregular, showy; tepals 6, connate basally into short, funnelform to campanulate tube, distinct parts imbricate, spreading, inner broader than outer; stamens 6, adnate to throat of perianth tube; filaments curved upward, distinct, unequal; anthers dorsifixed, 2-locular, linear-oblong, dehiscence introrse; ovary superior, green, 3-locular, conic, septal nectaries present; style curved upwards; stigma indistinctly 3-lobed or capitate. Fruits capsular, leathery, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds rarely produced (sterile) or many. x = 11.^[35] [more]

Isatis

Herbs annual, biennial, or perennial, often glaucous. Trichomes absent or simple. Stems erect, simple at base, paniculately branched above. Basal leaves petiolate or rarely sessile, rosulate or not, simple, entire, dentate, or pinnately lobed. Cauline leaves sessile and auriculate, sagittate, or amplexicaul at base, rarely petiolate and attenuate, entire or dentate. Racemes many flowered, ebracteate, forming panicles, elongated considerably in fruit. Fruiting pedicels filiform, often thickened and clavate at apex, reflexed. Sepals ovate or oblong, erect or ascending, base of lateral pair not saccate. Petals yellow, as long as or longer than sepals; blade obovate, spatulate, oblong, or oblanceolate, apex obtuse or subemarginate; claw absent. Stamens 6, slightly tetradynamous; anthers ovate or oblong, apiculate or obtuse at apex. Nectar glands confluent, or 4 and median and lateral pairs distinct. Ovules 1(or 2) per ovary, subapical. Fruit indehiscent, samaroid siliques or silicles, oblong, ovate, obovate, cordate, elliptic, oblanceolate, spatulate, or orbicular, strongly angustiseptate, sessile, prominently winged all around or distally, 1(or 2) -seeded, glabrous or hairy, smooth; seed-bearing locule papery or corky, prominently or obscurely 1- or 3-veined, sometimes keeled or shortly winged; valves and replum united; gynophore, style, and septum absent; stigma capitate, entire. Seeds wingless, narrowly oblong, plump; seed coat smooth, not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons incumbent or accumbent.^[36] [more]

Juniperus

Shrubs or trees evergreen. Branchlets terete, 3--6 angled, variously oriented, but not in flattened sprays. Leaves opposite in 4 ranks or in whorls of 3. Adult leaves closely appressed to divergent, scalelike to subulate, free portion to ca. 10 mm (to ca. 15 mm in Juniperus communis ) ; abaxial gland visible or not, elongate to hemispheric ( J. ashei ), sometimes exuding white crystalline deposit. Pollen cones with 3--7 pairs or trios of sporophylls, each sporophyll with 2--8 pollen sacs. Seed cones maturing in 1 or 2 years, globose to ovoid and berrylike, 3--20 mm, remaining closed, usually glaucous; scales persistent, 1--3 pairs, peltate, tightly coalesced, thick and fleshy or fibrous to obscurely woody. Seeds 1--3 per scale, round to faceted, wingless; cotyledons 2--6. x = 11.^[37] [more]

Larix

Trees deciduous; crown sparse, open. Bark silver-gray to gray-brown on young trees, becoming reddish brown to brown, smooth initially, scaly to thickened and furrowed with age. Branches whorled; short (spur) shoots prominent on twigs 2 years or more old, each bearing leaves (needles), and often pollen cone, or seed cone; lateral long shoots (sylleptic branches) sometimes produced by current-year growth increments; leaf scars many. Buds rounded. Leaves in tufts of 10--60 on short (spur) shoots or borne singly on 1st-year long shoots, deciduous, ± flattened, with abaxial keel, sessile, base decurrent, sheath absent, apex pointed or rounded; resin canals 2. Pollen cones solitary, ovoid-cylindric, yellowish. Seed cones maturing in 1 season, persisting several years, erect, globose to ovoid, usually terminal on short shoots and thus appearing stalked, sometimes sessile on 1-year-old long shoots; scales persistent, circular to oblong-obovate, thin, lacking apophysis and umbo; bracts included or exserted. Seeds winged; cotyledons 4--6. x =12.^[38] [more]

Leucosceptrum

Shrubs to small trees, bark smooth, stellate-tomentose. Leaves petiolate. Verticillasters in dense, terminal cylindric spikes; bracts subreniform, densely overlapping; bracteoles minute, linear. Pedicel short. Calyx campanulate, densely tomentose, slightly curved, 15-veined; teeth 5(-7), equal, triangular. Corolla white or reddish to purple-red, tubular, with a hairy annulus inside; limb 2-lipped, upper lip emarginate; lower lip 3-lobed, middle lobe larger. Stamens 4, anterior 2 longer, inserted at middle of corolla tube; filaments slender, densely puberulent at base, involute in bud, much exserted in flower; anthers 1-locellate, reniform, transversely dehiscent, basifixed. Ovary 4-lobed, tuberculate. Style slender, apex subequally 2-cleft, lobes subulate. Disc subannular, equally shallow 4-lobed. Nutlets triquetrous, oblong, apex truncate, areolae basal.^[39] [more]

Linanthus

Linanthus is a genus of and perennial plants in the phlox family Polemoniaceae. The species are found in western North America and in Chile, with the greatest diversity in California. [more]

Monopsis

[more]

Musa

Underground stems (corms) rhizomatous, short, pseudostems clustered, [0.5--]3--10 m. Leaf blades unlobed (older leaves often split to midrib), oblong or oblong-elliptic, [0.6--]2--3 ´ 0.3--0.6 m. Inflorescences pendent [erect]; pistillate flowers crowded, numerous; bracts of staminate flowers imbricate, forming budlike mass at apex of inflorescence. Berries cylindric, usually ± curved, weakly angled in cross section, [10--]20--35 cm, soft, fleshy. x = 10, 11.^[40] [more]

Nerine

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Olearia

Olearia is a genus of belonging to the family Asteraceae. There are about 130 different species within the genus found mostly in Australia, New Guinea and New Zealand. The genus includes herbaceous plants, shrubs and small trees, the latter unusual among the Asteraceae. [more]

Petasites

Perennials, 10-25(-120) cm (plants rhizomatous, polygamodioecious). Stems erect, not branched (± scapiform; stems of "staminate" plants wither soon after flowering, stems of "pistillate" plants elongate after flowering). Leaves basal and cauline; alternate; petiolate or sessile; basal (usually appearing after heads) palmately or palmati-pinnately nerved, mostly deltate to ovate or orbiculate, margins entire, denticulate, or toothed to lobed, abaxial faces ± tomentose, adaxial tomentulose and glabrescent or glabrous; cauline (sessile) bractlike (essentially expanded petioles, proximal sometimes bearing blades). Heads radiate, discoid, or disciform, usually in corymbiform, paniculiform, or racemiform arrays, rarely borne singly {"staminate" heads usually radiate, peripheral 1-20(-70) florets styliferous and sterile or neuter, inner 11-78 florets usually functionally staminate, rarely bisexual and fertile; "pistillate" heads usually radiate, peripheral (1-) 30-130+ florets pistillate and fertile, inner 1-12 florets functionally staminate}. Calyculi 0 or of 1-5+ bractlets. Involucres obconic to turbinate, 6-15+ mm diam. (expanding in fruit). Phyllaries persistent, mostly 12-15 in (1-) 2 series (often purplish-tinged), erect, distinct or connate, narrowly oblong to linear (1-5-nerved), subequal, margins ± scarious (apices not black). Receptacles flat to convex, foveolate, epaleate. Ray florets 0 or (1-) 30-130+, usually fertile (in pistillate heads), sometimes styliferous and sterile or neuter (in staminate heads) ; corollas whitish or pinkish to purplish [yellow] (tubes filiform, laminae linear to oblong; styles filiform to clavate, entire or shallowly 2-cleft, papillate). Peripheral (pistillate) florets usually 30-125 and fertile, sometimes 0; corollas whitish or pinkish to purplish [yellow] (filiform, usually 5-lobed, sometimes minutely bilabiate; styles filiform to clavate, entire or shallowly 2-cleft, papillate). Inner (functionally staminate or bisexual) florets 1-78, usually functionally staminate, rarely bisexual and fertile; corollas whitish [yellow] (tubes longer than ± campanulate throats, lobes 5, erect or recurved, lanceolate to linear; styles linear to clavate, branches usually 0 or short-conic and papillate, sometimes lanceolate to oblong and ± hispidulous). Cypselae narrowly cylindric to weakly fusiform or ± prismatic, 5- or 10-ribbed, faces glabrous [villous]; pappi (pistillate florets) readily falling or fragile, of 60-100+, white, smooth or barbellulate bristles (elongating in fruit). x = 30.^[41] [more]

Phillyrea

Phillyrea is a small genus of two species of in the family Oleaceae, native to the Mediterranean region, the Canary Islands and Madeira. [more]

Podophyllum

Herbs, perennial, deciduous, 2-6 dm, glabrous to sparsely pubescent. Rhizomes short to elongate, formed of distinct annual increments, producing 1 leaf or flowering shoot per year. Aerial stems present. Leaves simple, variously parted. Leaves of nonflowering shoot 1, basal; petiole centrally attached, erect, stemlike, blade orbiculate, peltate. Leaves of flowering shoots (0-) 2(-3), cauline, alternate or nearly opposite; petiole attached near margin, blade reniform-orbiculate, peltate. Leaf blades 10-38 cm, parts entire or lobed, margins entire or serrate; venation palmate. Inflorescences terminal, flowers solitary. Flowers 3-merous, 30-55 mm; bracteoles absent; sepals caducous, 6, white or pale green; petals 6-9, white or pink; stamens equal to or 2 times number of petals; anthers dehiscing longitudinally; pollen exine finely reticulate to verrucate; ovaries ellipsoid; placentation marginal; style central. Fruits berries, yellow, orange, red, or maroon, ellipsoid. Seeds 20-50, yellow, orange, red, or maroon; aril yellow, rarely maroon, fleshy, enclosing seed. x = 6.^[42] [more]

Populus

Trees; trunk usually straight; bark furrowed or smooth, often gray or tan; pith mostly 5-angled in cross section. Terminal bud terete or angled; bud scales several, unequal. Stipules small, deciduous; petiole terete or laterally compressed; leaf blade usually ovate to deltoid-ovate. Flowering precocious; catkins pendulous. Flowers anemophilous; bracts apically lobed or laciniate, membranous, caducous; flowers with disc obliquely cupular. Male flower: stamens 4-many; filaments short, free; anthers dull red. Female flower: ovary 1-loculed; style 1, short or not; stigmas 2-4. Capsule 2-4(or 5) -valved. Seeds few to numerous, small. Cotyledons elliptic.^[43] [more]

Pterolobium

[more]

Pteronia

A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]

Rodgersia

Herbs perennial. Rhizomes usually transversely elongating, thick, scaly. Leaves long petiolate, palmately, pinnately, or subpinnately compound; leaflets 3-9(or 10), base subsessile, margin doubly serrate, apex usually shortly acuminate. Inflorescence a paniculate cyme, ebracteate, many flowered. Sepals (4 or) 5(-7), spreading, white, pink, or red. Petals usually absent, very rarely 1, 2, or 5 vestigial ones present. Stamens 10(-14) . Ovary subsuperior, rarely semi-inferior, 2- or 3-loculed; placentation axile; ovules many; styles 2 or 3. Capsule 2- or 3-valved.^[44] [more]

Rosmarinus

Shrubs evergreen. Leaves linear, margin entire, revolute. Floral and to stem leaves similar; bracts petiolate. Flowers subsessile, few, crowded in apical racemes on short branches. Calyx ovoid-campanulate, glabrous on throat inside, 11-veined, 2-lipped, upper lip entire or 3-denticulate, lower lip 2-toothed. Corolla blue-purple, bluish, or whitish, 2-lipped; tube exserted, glabrous inside, dilated at throat; upper lip erect, emarginate or 2-lobed; lower lip large, spreading, 3-lobed; middle lobe largest, concave, declined, margin dentate; lateral lobes oblong. Stamens 2, reaching upper corolla lip; filaments coherent with connectives, with a tooth reflexed below middle; anther cells 2, parallel, only 1 fertile, linear, inserted on top of connective; staminodes absent. Style much longer than stamens, apex unequally 2-cleft, lobes subulate, posterior lobe shorter. Disc ringlike, equally 4-lobed. Nutlets ovoid-globose, smooth, each with an elaiosome.^[45] [more]

Senna

[more]

Solidago

Perennials, 5100(200) cm; woody caudices or rhizomes. Stems decumbent to ascending or erect, sometimes branched distally, glabrous or strigose, strigillose, hispid, or short-villous. Leaves basal (persistent or not by flowering) and cauline; petiolate (proximal) or sessile (proximal and distal, latter sometimes subpetiolate) ; proximal blades sometimes 3-nerved, ovate-oblanceolate, margins often serrate, faces glabrous or densely hairy; distal sometimes 3-nerved, glabrous or sparsely to densely scabrous, strigillose, or villous, sometimes stipitate-glandular, sometimes resinous. Heads usually radiate, sometimes discoid, (1) 21500+ in racemiform (club-shaped or pyramidal), paniculiform or corymbo-paniculiform, sometimes secund arrays. Involucres campanulate to cylindric (often spreading upon drying), 312 × 1.710 mm. Phyllaries 1035 in 35 series, midnerves usually ± swollen and translucent, sometimes plus 25 secondary nerves (striate, flat), linear-lanceolate to oblong or ovate, unequal to rarely subequal, margins scarious, (apices rounded to acute or attenuate), faces glabrous or sparsely pilose or puberulent, sometimes minutely stipitate-glandular, sometimes resinous. Receptacles slightly convex, pitted, epaleate . Ray florets (0) 215(24), pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow, rarely white (usually glabrous). Disc florets 235(60), bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow, ± ampliate, tubes shorter than throats (usually glabrous), lobes 5, erect to spreading, triangular to narrowly lanceolate; style-branch appendages broadly to narrowly triangular (lengths 0.71 times stigmatic lines). Cypselae narrowly obconic to cylindric, sometimes somewhat compressed, ribs usually 810 (either darker and sometimes translucent or lighter than bodies), glabrous or moderately strigillose; pappi persistent, outer setiform scales (0.250.5 mm; rarely present) plus 2 series of 2545 longer, barbellate bristles, mid apically attenuate, 9095% length of inner, inner apically weakly to strongly clavate [(0.5in S. sphacelata) 1.55(7.3) mm]. x = 9.^[46] [more]

Sollya

Sollya is a valid but obsolete botanical name for a of plants in the family Pittosporaceae. The genus was first formally described by botanist John Lindley in 1831. All species within the genus were reassigned to the genus Billardiera in 2004. [more]

Sonerila

Herbs, shrublets, or shrubs, branched. Stems usually 4-sided, winged or not, usually pubescent with simple or glandular trichomes. Petiole winged or not, usually pubescent; leaf blade thin, secondary veins 2-4(or 5) on each side of midvein, base usually cordate and often oblique, margin serrulate with each tooth having a terminal seta, apex acute or acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or sometimes axillary, scorpioid cymes or subumbellate, pedunculate; bracts small, caducous. Flowers small, 3[or 6]-merous. Hypanthium tubular-campanulate, 3-sided, 6-ribbed, pubescent. Calyx lobes broadly triangular, small, very short. Petals pink, red, or purplish red, oblong-elliptic. Stamens 3[or 6], equal or unequal; filaments filiform; anthers subulate to broadly ovate, dehiscence poricidal; connective not inflated. Ovary inferior, urceolate, apex with a membranous 3-lobed crown. Style filiform; stigma apiculate. Capsule campanulate to tubular-campanulate, crown woody and exserted from calyx; hypanthium 3[or 6]-sided, 6-ribbed, usually with sparse glandular trichomes. Seeds numerous, cuneate, small, glabrous or small tuberculate.^[47] [more]

Sophora

Perennial herbs, shrubs or trees. Leaves imparipinnate; stipules minute or absent. Inflorescence a many flowered terminal racemes or panicle. Bracts linear, minute or absent. Calyx campanulate, teeth five, unequal, shortly triangular. Corolla cream or yellow, vexillum somewhat longer than the wings and keel. Stamens free or connate at the base. Ovary shortly stipitate, ovules many, style incurved, stigma terminal. Fruit a moniliform lomentum.^[48] [more]

Sophronitis

Sophronitis, abbreviated Soph in horticultural trade, is a genus of small, or lithophytic orchids, growing in the damp montane forest of eastern Brazil, Paraguay and NE Argentina. Currently, 65 species are recognized. [more]

Sorbaria

Shrubs deciduous. Branchlets yellow to green when young, later dark reddish or yellowish brown, terete; buds ovoid to cylindric, with several exposed, alternate scales, glabrous or slightly pubescent at apex. Leaves alternate, stipulate, pinnate; leaflets opposite, sessile or subsessile, doubly serrate. Inflorescence a large, terminal panicle. Flowers small, numerous. Hypanthium shallowly cupular. Sepals 5, reflexed, short, broad, persistent. Petals 5, imbricate, white, ovate to orbicular, base cuneate, apex obtuse. Stamens 20-50, nearly equaling or longer than petals. Carpels 5, opposite sepals, basally connate, glabrous or subglabrous. Follicles glabrous, dehiscent along adaxial suture. Seeds several.^[49] [more]

Spilanthes

Acmella oleracea, also known under its old names Spilanthes oleracea and Spilanthes acmella, is a flowering herb in the plant family , also known as toothache plant or paracress as the leaves and flower heads contain an analgesic agent spilanthol used to numb toothache. It is native to the tropics of Brazil, and is grown as an ornamental (and occasionally as a medicinal) in various parts of the world. A small, erect plant, it grows quickly and sends up gold and red flower inflorescences. It is frost-sensitive but perennial in warmer climates. [more]

Stokesia

Perennials, 2-5+ dm; perhaps rhizomatous. Leaves basal and cauline; proximal petiolate, blades ovate to lanceolate or lance-linear; distal ± sessile, blades ovate or elliptic to lanceolate or lance-linear, bases ± clasping, margins entire or spinose-toothed; all with apices rounded to acute, faces glabrous or glabrate, resin-gland-dotted. Heads pseudo-radiant (see here at corollas), ± pedunculate, not individually bracteate; borne singly or in loose, ± corymbiform arrays 6-12 cm diam. Involucres ± hemispheric, 25-45 mm diam. Phyllaries 25-35+ in 5-7 series, the outer with appressed, ± chartaceous bases, distally ± foliaceous, margins pectinately spiny-toothed (at least at base), inner ± chartaceous throughout, mostly entire, faces ± tomentulose and resin-gland-dotted. Florets 12-35(-70+) ; corollas usually blue to purplish blue (rarely white or lilac), tubes longer than funnelform throats, lobes 5, lance-linear (in peripheral florets adaxial sinus much deeper than others and corollas zygomorphic, ± raylike or ligulelike, in central florets corollas ± actinomorphic). Cypselae ± columnar, 3-4-angled, glabrous; pappi caducous, of 4-5 scales. x = 7.^[50] [more]

Syringa

Shrubs or small trees, deciduous. Branchlets terete or 4-angled; pith solid; winter buds scaly, terminal buds often absent. Leaves opposite, simple or rarely pinnate, petiolate; leaf blade entire, pinnatisect or occasionally lobed. Inflorescences paniculate, terminal or lateral, generally composed of small cymes. Flowers bisexual, sessile or pedicellate. Calyx campanulate, regularly or irregularly 4-toothed or subtruncate, persistent. Corolla funnelform, salverform, or rotate; lobes 4, spreading or upright, valvate, usually cucullate and beaked at apex. Stamens 2, included or exserted. Ovules 2 in each locule, pendulous. Style filiform, shorter than stamens; stigma 2-cleft. Fruit a loculicidal capsule, slightly compressed. Seeds 2 in each locule, flat, narrowly winged; endosperm present; radicle erect.^[51] [more]

Tiarella

Herbs perennial. Rhizome short, slender. Leaves mainly basal, cauline ones few, small; stipules small; leaf blade simple and trilobed or subtrifoliolate. Inflorescence a raceme or panicle, simple or sparsely branched; bracts small. Flowers small; hypanthium adnate to ovary at base. Sepals 5, usually petaloid. Petals 5, sometimes absent. Stamens 10, visible above corolla. Carpels 2, connate basally; ovary 1-loculed; placentation parietal; styles 2, slender, elongate. Fruit a capsule; carpels unequal, one ca. 1/2 as long as the other. Seeds few, black, small, smooth.^[52] [more]

Tillandsia

Herbs, usually epiphytic, stemless to long caulescent. Leaves mostly many-ranked, rosulate, or occasionally 2-ranked and / or laxly arranged; blade linear to triangular or ligulate, margins entire, trichomes usually conspicuous. Inflorescences central, 1--many-flowered, 2-ranked; floral bracts mostly broad, conspicuous, rachis covered or exposed at anthesis. Flowers bisexual; sepals distinct or adaxial pair connate, usually symmetric; petals distinct;