Overview
The Asteraceae or Compositae (commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, or sunflower family), is an exceedingly large and widespread family of vascular plants.3] The group has more than 22,750 currently accepted species, spread across 1620 genera and 12 subfamilies. Along with the Orchidaceae, this makes it one of the two largest flowering plant families in the world.[3][4] However, selecting which of the two families is larger has yet to be been done conclusively, owing to the uncertainty around exactly how many species are in each group. The largest composite genera are Senecio (1,000 species), Vernonia (1,000 species), Centaurea (700 species), Cousinia (600 species), Helichrysum (550 species), and Artemesia (550 species).[3]
Most members of Asteraceae are herbaceous, but a significant number are also shrubs, vines and trees. The family is distributed throughout the world, and is most common in the arid and semi-arid regions of subtropical and lower temperate latitudes.[5]
Many economically important products come from composites, including cooking oils, lettuce, sunflower seeds, artichokes, sweetening agents, and teas. Several genera are also very popular with the horticultural community, these include marigolds, chrysanthemums, dahlias, zinnias, and heleniums.
Etymology
The Latin name 'Asteraceae' is derived from the type genus Aster , which is a Greek term, meaning "star".[6] While 'Compositae', an older but still valid name,[7] means composite and refers to the characteristic inflorescence, a special type of pseudanthium found in only a few other angiosperm families. The study of this family is known as synantherology.
In addition, the name daisy is derived from its Old English meaning, d?gesege, from d?ges eage meaning "day's eye," and this was because the petals open at dawn and close at dusk.
Distribution
Daisies have a worldwide distribution, being found everywhere except Antarctica and the extreme Arctic. They are especially numerous in tropical and subtropical regions (notably Central America, eastern Brazil, the Andes, the Mediterranean, southern Africa, central Asia, and southwestern China).[4]
Taxonomy
Compositae were first described in 1792 by the German botanist Paul Dietrich Giseke.[8] Traditionally two subfamilies were recognised: Asteroideae (or Tubuliflorae) and Cichorioideae (or Liguliflorae). The latter has been shown to be extensively paraphyletic, and has now been divided into 11 subfamilies, but the former still stands. The phylogenetic tree presented below is based on Panero & Funk (2002).[9] The diamond denotes a very poorly supported node (<50% bootstrap support), the dot a poorly supported node (<80%).[3]
It is noteworthy that the four subfamilies Asteroideae, Cichorioideae, Cardu oideae and Mutisioideae comprise 99% of the specific diversity of the whole family (approximately 70%, 14%, 11% and 3% respectively).
Because of the morphological complexity exhibited by this family, agreeing on generic circumscriptions has often been difficult for Asteraceae taxonomists. As a result several of these genera have required multiple revisions.[10]
Characteristics
Asteraceae are mostly herbaceous plants, but some shrubs, trees and climbers do exist. Daisies are generally easy to distinguish from other plants, mainly because of their characteristic inflorescence and many shared apomorphies.[10] However, many closely related species in this family are notoriously difficult to identify to the species level (see "damned yellow composite" for example).
Roots and stems
Daisy roo ts are usually taproots, and sometimes fibrous. Stems are generally erect, but sometimes prostrate to ascending. Some species have underground stems in the form of caudices or rhizomes, these can be fleshy or woody depending on the species.[5]
Leaves
The leaves and the stems very often contain secretory canals with resin or latex (particularly common among the Cichorioideae). The leaves can be alternate, opposite, or whorled. They may be simple, but are often deeply lobed or otherwise incised, often conduplicate or revolute. The margins can be entire or dentate.
Flowers
The most evident characteristic of Asteraceae is perhaps their inflorescence: a specialised capitulum, technically called a calathid or calathidium, but generally referred to as flower head or, alternatively, simply capitulum.[11] The capitulum is a contracted raceme composed of numerous individual sessile flowers, called the florets, all sharing the same receptacle.
The capitulum of Asteraceae has evolved many characteristics that make it look superficially like a single flower. This type of flower-like inflorescence is fairly widespread amongst angiosperms, and has been given the name of pseudanthia.
Many bracts form an involucre under the basis of the capitulum; these are called "phyllaries", or "involucral bracts". They may simulate the sepals of the pseudanthium. These are mostly herbaceous but can also be brightly colored (e.g. Helichrysum) or have a scarious texture. The bracts can be free or fused, and arranged in one to many rows, overlapping like the tiles of a roof (imbricate) or not (this variation is important in identification of tribes and genera).
Each floret may itself be subtended by a bract, called a "palea" or "receptacular bract". These bracts as a group are often called "chaff". The presence or absence of these bracts, their distribution on the receptacle, and their size and shape are all important diagnostic characteristics for genera and tribes.
The florets have five petals fused at the base to form a corolla tube and they may be either actinomorphic or zygomorphic. Disc florets are usually actinomorphic, with five petal lips on the rim of the corolla tube. The petal lips may be either very short, or long, in which case they form deeply lobed petals. The latter is the only kind of floret in the Carduoideae, while the first kind is more widespread. Ray florets are always highly zygomorphic and are characterised by the presence of a ligule, a strap-shaped structure on the edge of the corolla tube consisting of fused petals. In the Asteroideae and other minor subfamilies these are usually borne only on florets at the circumference of the capitulum and have a 3+2 scheme ? above the fused corolla tube, three very long fused petals form the ligule, with the other two petals being inconspicuously small. The Cichorioidea has only ray florets, with a 5+0 scheme ? all five petals form the ligule. A 4+1 scheme is found in the Barnadesioideae. The tip of the ligule is often divided into teeth, each one representing a petal. Some marginal florets may have no petals at all (filiform floret).
The calyx of the florets may be absent, but when present, it is always modified into a pappus of two or more teeth, scales or bristles and this is often involved in the dispersion of the seeds. As with the bracts, the nature of the pappus is an important diagnostic feature.
There are usually five stamens. The filaments are fused to the corolla, while the anthers are generally connate (syngenesious anthers), thus forming a sort of tube around the style (theca). They commonly have basal and/or apical appendages. Pollen is released inside the tube and is collected around the growing style, expelled with a sort of pump mechanism (n?delspritze) or a brush.
The pistil is made of two connate carpels. The style has two lobes; stigmatic tissue may be located in the interior surface or form two lateral lines. The ovary is inferior and has only one ovule, with basal placentation.
Fruits and seeds
The fruit of the Asteraceae is achene-like, and is called a cypsela (plural cypselae). Although there are two fused carpels, there is only one locule, and only one seed per fruit is formed. It may sometimes be winged or spiny because the pappus, which is derived from calyx tissue often remains on the fruit (for example in dandelion). In some species, however, the pappus falls off (for example in Helianthus). Cypsela morphology is often used to help determine plant relationships at the genus and species level.[12] The mature seeds usually have little endosperm or none.[10]
Metabolites
Asteraceae generally store energy in the form of inulin. They produce iso/chlorogenic acid, sesquiterpene lactones, pentacyclic triterpene alcohols, various alkaloids, acetylenes (cyclic, aromatic, with vinyl end groups), tannins. They have terpenoid essential oils which never contain iridoids.[3]
Evolution
Diversification of Asteraceae appears to have taken place roughly 42-36 million years ago, the stem group perhaps being up to 49 million years old.[3]
It is still unknown whether the precise cause of their great success was the development of the highly specialised capitulum, their ability to store energy as fructans (mainly inulin), which is an advantage in relatively dry zones, or some combination of these and possibly other factors.[3]
Ecology
Asteraceae are especially common in open and dry environments.[10]
Many members of the Asteraceae are pollinated by insects, which explains their value in attracting beneficial insects, but anemophyly is also present (e.g. Ambrosia, Artemisia). There are many apomictic species in the family.
Seeds are ordinarily dispersed intact with the fruiting body, the cypsela. Wind dispersal is common (anemochory) assisted by a hairy pappus. Another common variation is epizoochory, in which the dispersal unit, a single cypsela (e.g. Bidens) or entire capitulum (e.g. Arctium) provided with hooks, spines or some equivalent structure, sticks to the fur or plumage of an animal (or even to clothes, like in the photo) just to fall off later far from its mother plant.
Uses
Commercially important plants in the Asteraceae include the food crops Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Cichorium (chicory), Cynara scolymus (globe artichoke), Helianthus annuus (sunflower), Smallanthus sonchifolius (yac?n), Carthamus tinctorius (safflower) and Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke).
Many members of the family are grown as ornamental plants for their flowers and some are important ornamental crops for the cut flower industry. Some examples are Chrysanthemum, Gerbera, Calendula, Dendranthema, Argyranthemum, Dahlia, Tagetes, Zinnia and many others.
Other commercially important species include Compositae used as herbs and in herbal teas and other beverages. Chamomile, which comes from two different species, the annual Matricaria recutita or German chamomile, and the perennial Chamaemelum nobile, also called Roman chamomile. Calendula, also called the pot marigold is grown commercially for herbal teas and the potpourri industry. Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea), used as a medicinal tea. Winter tarragon, also called Mexican mint marigold, Tagetes lucida is commonly grown and used as a tarragon substitute in climates where tarragon will not survive. Finally, the wormwood genus Artemisia includes absinthe (A. absinthium) and tarragon (A. dracunculus).
Compositae has also been used for industrial purposes. Common in all commercial poultry feed, marigold (Tagetes patula) is grown primarily in Mexico and central American nations. Marigold oil, extracted from Tagetes minuta is used in the cola and cigarette industries.
Plants in Asteraceae are medically important in areas that don't have access to Western medicine. They are also commonly featured in medical and phytochemical journals because the sesquiterpene lactone compounds contained within them are an important cause of allergic contact dermatitis. Allergy to these compounds is the leading cause of allergic contact dermatitis in florists in the US.[13] Pollen from ragweed Ambrosia is among the main causes of so called hay fever in the United States.[14]
Many members of Asteraceae are copious nectar producers and are useful for evaluating pollinator populations during their bloom. Centaurea (knapweed), Helianthus annuus (domestic sunflower), and some species of Solidago (goldenrod) are major "honey plants" for beekeepers. Solidago produces relatively high protein pollen, which helps honey bees overwinter.[citation needed]
Some members of the Asteraceae are economically important as weeds. Notable in the United States are the ragwort, Senecio jacobaea, groundsel Senecio vulgaris and Taraxacum (dandelion).
The genera Tanacetum, Chrysanthemum and Pulicaria contain species with insecticidal properties.
Parthenium argentatum (guayule) is a source of hypoallergenic latex.
Genera
See also
- Terminology for Asteraceae
- Damned yellow composite
Flowers
The most evident characteristic of Asteraceae is perhaps their inflorescence: a specialised capitulum, technically called a calathid or calathidium, but generally referred to as flower head or, alternatively, simply capitulum.[11] The capitulum is a contracted raceme composed of numerous individual sessile flowers, called the florets, all sharing the same receptacle.
The capitulum of Asteraceae has evolved many characteristics that make it look superficially like a single flower. This type of flower-like inflorescence is fairly widespread amongst angiosperms, and has been given the name of pseudanthia.
Many bracts form an involucre under the basis of the capitulum; these are called "phyllaries", or "involucral bracts". They may simulate the sepals of the pseudanthium. These are mostly herbaceous but can also be brightly colored (e.g. Helichrysum) or have a scarious texture. The bracts can be free or fused, and arranged in one to many rows, overlapping like the tiles of a roof (imbricate) or not (this variation is important in identification of tribes and genera).
Each floret may itself be subtended by a bract, called a "palea" or "receptacular bract". These bracts as a group are often called "chaff". The presence or absence of these bracts, their distribution on the receptacle, and their size and shape are all important diagnostic characteristics for genera and tribes.
The florets have five petals fused at the base to form a corolla tube and they may be either actinomorphic or zygomorphic. Disc florets are usually actinomorphic, with five petal lips on the rim of the corolla tube. The petal lips may be either very short, or long, in which case they form deeply lobed petals. The latter is the only kind of floret in the Carduoideae, while the first kind is more widespread. Ray florets are always highly zygomorphic and are characterised by the presence of a ligule, a strap-shaped structure on the edge of the corolla tube consisting of fused petals. In the Asteroideae and other minor subfamilies these are usually borne only on florets at the circumference of the capitulum and have a 3+2 scheme ? above the fused corolla tube, three very long fused petals form the ligule, with the other two petals being inconspicuously small. The Cichorioidea has only ray florets, with a 5+0 scheme ? all five petals form the ligule. A 4+1 scheme is found in the Barnadesioideae. The tip of the ligule is often divided into teeth, each one representing a petal. Some marginal florets may have no petals at all (filiform floret).
The calyx of the florets may be absent, but when present, it is always modified into a pappus of two or more teeth, scales or bristles and this is often involved in the dispersion of the seeds. As with the bracts, the nature of the pappus is an important diagnostic feature.
There are usually five stamens. The filaments are fused to the corolla, while the anthers are generally connate (syngenesious anthers), thus forming a sort of tube around the style (theca). They commonly have basal and/or apical appendages. Pollen is released inside the tube and is collected around the growing style, expelled with a sort of pump mechanism (n?delspritze) or a brush.
The pistil is made of two connate carpels. The style has two lobes; stigmatic tissue may be located in the interior surface or form two lateral lines. The ovary is inferior and has only one ovule, with basal placentation.
Fruits and seeds
The fruit of the Asteraceae is achene-like, and is called a cypsela (plural cypselae). Although there are two fused carpels, there is only one locule, and only one seed per fruit is formed. It may sometimes be winged or spiny because the pappus, which is derived from calyx tissue often remains on the fruit (for example in dandelion). In some species, however, the pappus falls off (for example in Helianthus). Cypsela morphology is often used to help determine plant relationships at the genus and species level.[12] The mature seeds usually have little endosperm or none.[10]
Metabolites
Asteraceae generally store energy in the form of inulin. They produce iso/chlorogenic acid, sesquiterpene lactones, pentacyclic triterpene alcohols, various alkaloids, acetylenes (cyclic, aromatic, with vinyl end groups), tannins. They have terpenoid essential oils which never contain iridoids.[3]
Evolution
Diversification of Asteraceae appears to have taken place roughly 42-36 million years ago, the stem group perhaps being up to 49 million years old.[3]
It is still unknown whether the precise cause of their great success was the development of the highly specialised capitulum, their ability to store energy as fructans (mainly inulin), which is an advantage in relatively dry zones, or some combination of these and possibly other factors.[3]
Ecology
Asteraceae are especially common in open and dry environments.[10]
Many mem bers of the Asteraceae are pollinated by insects, which explains their value in attracting beneficial insects, but anemophyly is also present (e.g. Ambrosia, Artemisia). There are many apomictic species in the family.
Seeds are ordinarily dispersed intact with the fruiting body, the cypsela. Wind dispersal is common (anemochory) assisted by a hairy pappus. Another common variation is epizoochory, in which the dispersal unit, a single cypsela (e.g. Bidens) or entire capitulum (e.g. Arctium) provided with hooks, spines or some equivalent structure, sticks to the fur or plumage of an animal (or even to clothes, like in the photo) just to fall off later far from its mother plant.
Uses
Commercially important plants in the Asteraceae include the food crops Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Cichorium (chicory), Cynara scolymus (globe artichoke), Helianthus annuus (sunflower), Smallanthus sonchifolius (yac?n), Carthamus tinctorius (safflower) and Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke).
Many members of the family are grown as ornamental plants for their flowers and some are important ornamental crops for the cut flower industry. Some examples are Chrysanthemum, Gerbera, Calendula, Dendranthema, Argyranthemum, Dahlia, Tagetes, Zinnia and many others.
Other commercially important species include Compositae used as herbs and in herbal teas and other beverages. Chamomile, which comes from two different species, the annual Matricaria recutita or German chamomile, and the perennial Chamaemelum nobile, also called Roman chamomile. Calendula, also called the pot marigold is grown commercially for herbal teas and the potpourri industry. Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea), used as a medicinal tea. Winter tarragon, also called Mexican mint marigold, Tagetes lucida is commonly grown and used as a tarragon substitute in climates where tarragon will not survive. Finally, the wormwood genus Artemisia includes absinthe (A. absinthium) and tarragon (A. dracunculus).
Compositae has also been used for industrial purposes. Common in all commercial poultry feed, marigold (Tagetes patula) is grown primarily in Mexico and central American nations. Marigold oil, extracted from Tagetes minuta is used in the cola and cigarette industries.
Plants in Asteraceae are medically important in areas that don't have access to Western medicine. They are also commonly featured in medical and phytochemical journals because the sesquiterpene lactone compounds contained within them are an important cause of allergic contact dermatitis. Allergy to these compounds is the leading cause of allergic contact dermatitis in florists in the US.[13] Pollen from ragweed Ambrosia is among the main causes of so called hay fever in the United States.[14]
Many members of Asteraceae are copious nectar producers and are useful for evaluating pollinator populations during their bloom. Centaurea (knapweed), Helianthus annuus (domestic sunflower), and some species of Solidago (goldenrod) are major "honey plants" for beekeepers. Solidago produces relatively high protein pollen, which helps honey bees overwinter.[citation needed]
Some members of the Asteraceae are economically important as weeds. Notable in the United States are the ragwort, Senecio jacobaea, groundsel Senecio vulgaris and Taraxacum (dandelion).
The genera Tanacetum, Chrysanthemum and Pulicaria contain species with insecticidal properties.
Parthenium argentatum (guayule) is a source of hypoallergenic latex.
Genera
See also
- Terminology for Asteraceae
- Damned yellow composite
References
- ^ Scott, L.; Cadman, A; McMillan, I (2006). "Early history of Cainozoic Asteraceae along the Southern African west coast". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 142: 47. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.07.010.
- ^ Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). "Family: Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl, nom. cons.". Taxonomy for Plants. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/family.pl?110. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
- ^ a b c d e f g Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards) Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008 http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/welcome.html
- ^ a b Panero, J.L., Crozier, B.S. Tree of Life - Asteraceae http://tolweb.org/Asteraceae/20780
- ^ a b Barkely, T.M., Brouillet, L., Strother, J.L. (2006) Flora of North America - Asteraceae" http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=10074
- ^ Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Aster. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/aster
- ^ International Code of Botanical Nomenclature - Article 18.5 http://ibot.sav.sk/icbn/main.htm
- ^ Solbrig, O.T. (1963) Subfamilial Nomenclature of Compositae. Taxon 12: 229-235 http://www.jstor.org/pss/1216917
- ^ Panero, J.L., Funk, V.A. (2002) Toward a phylogenetic subfamilial classification for the Compositae (Asteraceae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 115: 909-922.
- ^ a b c d Judd, W.S., Campbell, C.S., Kellogg, E.A., Stevens, P.F. (2007) Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland.
- ^ Usher, G. (1966) A dictionary of botany, including terms used in bio-chemistry, soil science, and statistics. LCCN 66 0 25447
- ^ McKenzie, R.J., Samuel, J., Muller, E.M., Skinner, A.K.W., Barker, N.P. (2005). "Morphology Of Cypselae In Subtribe Arctotidinae (Compositae?Arctotideae) And Its Taxonomic Implications". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 92 (4): 569?594. http://apt.allenpress.com/aptonline/?request=get-abstract&issn=0026-6493&volume=092&issue=04&page=0569.
- ^ Odom, R.B., James, W.D., Berger, T.G. (2000). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. W.B. Saunders Company. pp. 1135 pages. ISBN 0721658326.
- ^ Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America. Ragweed Allergy. http://www.aafa.org/display.cfm?id=9&sub=19&cont=267
External links
- Compositae at The Plant List
- Compositae at The Families of Flowering Plants (DELTA)
- Asteraceae at the Encyclopedia of Life
- Asteraceae at the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
- Asteraceae at the Tree of Life Web Project
- Asteraceae at the online Flora of North America
- Asteraceae at the online Flora of Pakistan
- Asteraceae at the online Flora of Zimbabwe
- Compositae at the online Flora of Taiwan
- Asteraceae at the online Flora of Western Australia
- Compositae at the online Flora of New Zealand
- The International Composite Alliance (TICA) A worldwide group of composite systematists
Taxonomy
The Family Asteraceae is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Subfamily (27): Agapanthoideae · Amygdaloideae · Asteroideae · Cactoideae · Cichorioideae · Coliadinae · Epidendroideae · Faboideae · Hamamelidoideae · Iridoideae · Ixioideae · Larinae · Nepetoideae · Philodendroideae · Polemonioideae · Potentilloideae · Ranunculoideae · Rhinanthoideae · Rhododendroideae · Scrophularioideae · Sedoideae · Spiraeoideae · Theoideae · Trollioideae · Ulmoideae · Vaccinioideae · Violoideae
- Tribe (42): Abutilieae · Amygdaleae · Andromedeae · Anemoneae · Anthemideae · Arctotideae · Astereae · Bombini · Calceolarieae · Calenduleae · Cheloneae · Cichorieae · Coreopsideae · Coronilleae · Cymbidieae · Delphinieae · Diapensieae · Dryadeae · Genisteae · Gnaphalieae · Hamamelideae · Heliantheae · Holodisceae · Hyacintheae · Irideae · Ixieae · Larini · Laspeyresiini · Lavanduleae · Mutisieae · Narcisseae · Polemonieae · Primuleae · Rhododendreae · Senecioneae · Spiraeeae · Tageteae · Theeae · Trichocereeae · Tulipeae · Veroniceae · Violeae
- Subtribe (6): Anthemidinae · Arctotidinae · Asterinae · Coreopsidinae · Senecioninae · Tussilagininae
- Genus (2086): Abasoloa · Abrotanum · Absinthium · Acanos · Acanthambrosia · Acanthium · Acanthocladium · Acanthodesmos · Acanthophyton · Acanthostyles · Acanthotheca · Acanthoxanthium · Acarna · Acaulimalva · Achaenipodium · Achaetogeron · Achariterium · Achillaea · Achillios · Achnophora · Achnopogon · Achromolaena · Achyrocline · Achyrocoma · Achyrocome · Achyropappus · Achyrophorus · Achyroseris · Acilepidopsis · Acilepis · Aciphyllaea · Acoma · Acomis · Acosta · Acrisione · Acritopappus · Acrocentron · Acroclinium · Acrolophus · Acroptilion · Actinea · Actinobole · Actinolepis · Actinomeris · Actinoseris · Actinospermum · Actites · Addisonia · Adenachaena · Adenanthellum · Adenocritonia · Adenoglossa · Adenogonum · Adenolepis · Adenoon · Adenopappus · Adenospermum · Adenothamnus · Adenotrichia · Adonigeron · Adopogon · Adventina · Aedesia · Aegialophila · Aegopordon · Aegoseris · Aequatorium · Aetheolaena · Aetheopappus · Aetheorhiza · Aetheorriza · Afrocrocus · Afromomum · Aganippea · Agathaea · Agathomeris · Agathyrsus · Ageratella · Ageratinastrum · Agiabampoa · Aglaodendron · Agnorhiza · Agrianthus · Agriphyllum · Aimorra · Ainsliea · Aiolotheca · Ajana · Ajaniopsis · Akeassia · Akylopsis · Alairia · Alarconia · Alatoseta · Albertinia · Albinea · Alcalthaea · Alcantara · Alcina · Alciope · Aldama · Aldunatea · Alepidocline · Alibum · Aliconia · Aliella · Aliseta · Alitubus · Alix · Alkibias · Allagopappus · Allardia · Allendea · Allittia · Allocarpus · Alloispermum · Alogyne · Alomia · Alomiella · Alophium · Altamirania · Alvordia · Amauria · Amauriopsis · Amberboia · Amblachaenium · Amblyopogon · Amblysperma · Amboroa · Ambrosinia · Ameghinoa · Amellus · Amida · Ammanthus · Ammocyanus · Ammodia · Ammoseris · Amolinia · Ampherephis · Amphibecis · Amphicalea · Amphidoxa · Amphiglossa · Amphiraphis · Amphirhapis · Anacantha · Anacis · Anactinia · Anactis · Anaglypha · Anaitis · Anandria · Anaphalioides · Anastraphia · Anaxeton · Ancathia · Ancistrophora · Anderbergia · Andrieuxia · Andromachia · Anemanthele · Anemocarpa · Anemonospermos · Angelandra · Angelianthus · Angelphytum · Anguloa · Anisocarpus · Anisochaeta · Anisoderis · Anisoramphus · Anisothrix · Anomostephium · Antemis · Anteremanthus · Anthe-Matricaria · Anthemi-Matricaria · Anthemiopsis · Anthemis · Anthocerastes · Anthochytrum · Antillanthus · Antillia · Antiphiona · Antithrixia · Antrospermum · Anura · Anvillea · Apalochlamys · Apalus · Apargia · Aphanactis · Aphanopappus · Aphanostephanus · Aphelexis · Aphyllocladus · Aplopappus · Aplophyllum · Aplotaxis · Apodocephala · Apogon · Apopyros · Aposeris · Apostates · Arachnopogon · Arachnospermum · Aracium · Arbelaezaster · Arctanthemum · Arctogeron · Arctotheca · Arctotis · Argentipallium · Argyrantheum · Argyrochaeta · Argyrocome · Argyroglottis · Argyrophyllum · Argyrophyton · Argyrotegium · Argyrovernonia · Arida · Aristeguietia · Aristomenia · Arnaldoa · Arnicastrum · Arnopogon · Aronicum · Arrhenachne · Arrhenechthites · Arrojadocharis · Arrowsmithia · Artanacetum · Artemisiella · Artemisiopsis · Asaemia · Asanthus · Asarina · Ascalea · Ascaricida · Aschenbornia · Ascidiogyne · Aspelina · Aspidalis · Aspilia · Asplundianthus · Astephania · Astericus · Asteridea · Asteridia · Asteriscus · Asteromoea · Asteropsis · Asteropterus · Asterothrix · Astranthuim · Atalanthus · Athroisma · Atrichantha · Atropurpurea · Aucklandia · Austrobrickellia · Austrocritonia · Austroeupatorium · Austroliabum · Austrosynotis · Avellara · Axiniphyllum · Ayapanopsis · Aylacophora · Aynia · Aztecaster · Babcockia · Bacasia · Baccaris · Baccharidastrum · Baccharidiopsis · Baccharodes · Bacharis · Badilloa · Bahianthus · Bahiopsis · Baillieria · Bajacalia · Baldingeria · Baldwinia · Balsamita · Balsamorrhiza · Balsomorhiza · Bardana · Barkhausia · Barrattia · Barroetea · Barrosoa · Basedowia · Basteria · Batopilasia · Baziasa · Bedfordia · Behen · Bejaranoa · Bellida · Bellidastrum · Bellidiastrum · Belliopsis · Bellium · Belloa · Bembicium · Benedicta · Berardia · Berinia · Berkheyopsis · Berroa · Berthelotia · Berylsimpsonia · Bezanilla · Bichenia · Biolettia · Biotia · Bishopalea · Bishopanthus · Bishopiella · Bishovia · Blainvillea · Blakeanthus · Blakiella · Blanchetia · Blaxium · Blepharipappus · Blepharippapus · Boebera · Boeberastrum · Boeberoides · Bohadschia · Bojeria · Bolandia · Bolanosa · Bolocephalus · Bolophyta · Bolosia · Bourgaea · Bowmania · Brachionostylum · Brachyactis · Brachyandra · Brachyclados · Brachyderea · Brachymeris · Brachyramphus · Brachyrhynchos · Brachyris · Brachyscome · Brachystephium · Brachystylis · Brachythrix · Bracteantha · Bradburia · Brasilia · Brauneria · Breea · Brickelliastrum · Bridgesia · Brintonia · Brocchia · Brotera · Broteroa · Bryomorphe · Bubonium · Bunioseris · Burkartia · Burrielia · Caatinganthus · Cabobanthus · Cabreriella · Cacosmia · Caelestina · Caesulia · Calais · Calanticaria · Calcitrapa · Calcitrapoides · Calhounia · Calimeris · Calliachyris · Callichroa · Callilepis · Callistemma · Callistephus · Calocephalus · Calomeria · Calopappus · Caloptilium · Calostephane · Calotesta · Calycocorsus · Calydermos · Camchaya · Camomilla · Campovassouria · Camptacra · Campylotheca · Candidea · Capelio · Carbeni · Carbenia · Carddus · Cardonaea · Carelia · Carlowizia · Carlquistia · Carmelita · Carramboa · Carterothamnus · Cartesia · Carthamnus · Castalis · Castanedia · Castra · Castrilanthemum · Castroviejoa · Catamixis · Catatia · Cathamus · Catolesia · Caucasalia · Cavalcantia · Cavea · Caxamarca · Cenia · Cenocline · Centauridium · Centauropsis · Centaurothamnus · Centrapalus · Centrocarpha · Centroclinium · Centromadia · Centrophyllum · Centrospermum · Centurea · Cephalipterum · Cephalonoplos · Cephalopappus · Cephalophora · Cephalosorus · Ceradia · Ceratogyne · Ceruana · Chabraea · Chacoa · Chaetymenia · Chamaegeron · Chamaeleon · Chamaepus · Chameleon · Charadranaetes · Charieis · Chatiakella · Cheilodiscus · Cheirolepis · Cheiroloma · Cheirolophus · Cheliusia · Chersodoma · Chevreulia · Chicorium · Chihuahuana · Chiliadenus · Chiliocephalum · Chiliophyllum · Chiliotrichiopsis · Chiliotrichum · Chimantaea · Chionohebe · Chionolaena · Chionopappus · Chionoptera · Chlamydites · Chlamydophora · Chlamysperma · Chlorocrepis · Choeroseris · Chondrophora · Chondropyxis · Chorisis · Chorisiva · Chorisma · Chresta · Chromatolepis · Chromolepis · Chronopappus · Chrysanthemopsis · Chrysanthoglossum · Chrysocephalum · Chrysolaena · Chrysophthalmum · Chrysoprenanthes · Chrysostemma · Chthonia · Chthonocephalus · Chucoa · Chuquiragua · Ciceronia · Cirrhopetalum · Cirsellium · Cissampelopsis · Cladochaeta · Clarionea · Clavigera · Cleistanthium · Clomenocoma · Closia · Cnicothamnus · Codonocephalum · Coelestina · Coespeletia · Coinogyne · Coleocoma · Coleosanthus · Coleostephus · Colobanthera · Colobium · Colobogyne · Cololobus · Columellea · Colymbada · Comaclinium · Comborhiza · Comptonanthus · Conforata · Coniothele · Connata · Conocliniopsis · Conophora · Constancea · Conyzanthus · Conyzella · Coreopsideae · Coreopsoides · Corethamnium · Coronidium · Coronocarpus · Correllia · Corvisartia · Cosmea · Cosmidium · Cosmos · Cota · Cotulina · Coulterella · Courrantia · Cousiniopsis · Crambella · Crantzia · Crassina · Cratystylis · Cremneria · Cremnothamnus · Cremocephalum · Crepidiastrixeris · Crepidiastrum · Crepidium · Crinitaria · Crinitina · Criscia · Critoniadelphus · Critoniella · Critoniopsis · Crocidium · Crocodilodes · Crocodylium · Cronquistia · Cronquistianthus · Crossolepis · Crossostephium · Crossothamnus · Cryphiospermum · Cryptostemma · Crystallopollen · Ctenosperma · Cuatrecasanthus · Cuatrecasasiella · Cuchumatanea · Culcitium · Cullumiopsis · Cuniculotinus · Cunigunda · Cupidonia · Cupularia · Curio · Cuspidia · Cyanopis · Cyanthillium · Cyanus · Cyathocline · Cyathopappus · Cyclachaena · Cyclolepis · Cymbonotus · Cymbopappus · Cymboseris · Cymophora · Cypselodontia · Cyrtocymura · Cyttarium · Dacryotrichia · Damnamenia · Damnxanthodium · Dasyandantha · Dasyanthina · Dasyanthus · Dasycondylus · Dauresia · Daveaua · Decachaeta · Decaneurum · Decastylocarpus · Decazesia · Deckera · Dectis · Deinandra · Delamerea · Delilea · Delilia · Delucia · Dendrosenecio · Denekia · Desmanthodium · Desmocephalum · Detris · Dewildemania · Diacranthera · Dialesta · Dianthoseris · Diaperia · Diaphoranthus · Diaphractanthus · Diaspananthus · Diazeuxis · Dibothrospermum · Dicercoclados · Dicerothamnus · Dichromochlamys · Dicoria · Didelta · Dielitzia · Dieteria · Digitacalia · Diglossus · Dillandia · Dimerostemma · Dimorphocoma · Dimorpholepis · Dinoseris · Diodonta · Diodontium · Diosma · Diotis · Diotostephus · Diplazoptilon · Diplemium · Diplocoma · Diplopappus · Diplosastera · Diplostemma · Dipterocome · Dipterocypsela · Dipterotheca · Disparago · Dissothrix · Distasis · Distegia · Distreptus · Disynaphia · Dithyrostegia · Doellia · Dolichlasium · Dolichoglottis · Dolichogyne · Dolichorrhiza · Dolichothrix · Dolomiaea · Dolosanthus · Domeykoa · Doniophyton · Dorobaea · Doronicum · Dracopis · Dracopsis · Drepania · Dresslerothamnus · Duchesnia · Dugaldia · Dugesia · Duidaea · Dumerilia · Dunantia · Duseniella · Dymondia · Dyscritothamnus · Echinocephalum · Echinocoryne · Echinomeria · Echinopus · Ecliptica · Eclopes · Eclypta · Edmondia · Eenia · Egania · Eirmocephala · Eitenia · Eizaguirrea · Ekmaniopappus · Elachanthemum · Elachanthus · Elachia · Elachopappus · Elaphandra · Electra · Elekmania · Elephantosis · Ellenbergia · Elphegea · Embergeria · Emiliella · Emphysopus · Endocellion · Endopappus · Endoptera · Engelmannia · Epallage · Epilepis · Epitrachys · Epitriche · Erato · Erechites · Eremiastrum · Eremocharis · Eremonanus · Eremosis · Eriachaenium · Ericentrodea · Eriocarpum · Eriochlamys · Eriocoma · Eriolepis · Eriotrix · Erlangea · Erodiophyllum · Eroeda · Erymophyllum · Eryngiophyllum · Erythremia · Erythrochaete · Erythrolaena · Eschenbachia · Escholtzia · Esopon · Espejoa · Espeletiopsis · Ethulia · Ethuliopsis · Eumorphia · Eupatoriadelphus · Eupatoriastrum · Eupatorina · Eupatoriopsis · Euphrosyne · Eurybiopsis · Eurydochus · Eutetras · Euthrixia · Euxenia · Evacidium · Evacopsis · Evopis · Ewartia · Ewartiothamnus · Exomiocarpon · Eyrea · Fabera · Faberia · Farobaea · Faujasia · Faujasiopsis · Faxonia · Feaea · Feddea · Feldstonia · Femeniasia · Fenixia · Ferdinanda · Ferreyranthus · Ferreyrella · Filifolium · Fimbrillaria · Fingalia · Fitzwillia · Fleischmanniopsis · Floscaldasia · Flosmutisia · Flotovia · Fluckigeria · Formania · Fornicium · Foveolina · Fragmosa · Francoeuria · Franseria · Fresenia · Freya · Frolovia · Fulcaldea · Fullartonia · Gaertneria · Galatella · Galathenium · Galeana · Galeomma · Gamochaetopsis · Gamolepis · Garcibarrigoa · Garcilassa · Gardnerina · Garhadiolus · Gastrocarpha · Gatyona · Gazaniopsis · Geblera · Geigeria · Geissolepis · Geissopappus · Gelasia · Georgia · Geracium · Gerberia · Geropogon · Gifola · Gilberta · Gilruthia · Gladiopappus · Glaziovianthus · Glebionis · Glossarion · Glossocardia · Glossogyne · Glossopappus · Gnaphaliothamnus · Gnaphalopsis · Gnephosis · Gnomophalium · Goldmanella · Gongrostylus · Gongrothamnus · Gongyloglossa · Gongylolepis · Goniocaulon · Gonospermum · Gorceixia · Gossweilera · Goyazianthus · Graemia · Grahamia · Grammarthron · Grangeopsis · Graphistylis · Gratwickia · Grauanthus · Grazielia · Greenella · Greenmania · Greenmaniella · Grisebachianthus · Grossheimia · Guariruma · Guayania · Guenthera · Guevaria · Gundlachia · Gutenbergia · Guynesomia · Gymnanthemum · Gymnaster · Gymnocline · Gymnocondylus · Gymnocoronis · Gymnodiscus · Gymnogyne · Gymnolaena · Gymnolomia · Gymnopentzia · Gymnophyton · Gymnopsis · Gymnosperma · Gymnostephium · Gymnostyles · Gynoxis · Gypothamnium · Gyptidium · Gyptis · Gyrodoma · Haastia · Haeckeria · Haegiela · Haemastegia · Haenelia · Handelia · Hapalostephium · Haplodiscus · Haplostephium · Haplostichia · Haptotrichion · Harleya · Harmonia · Harnackia · Harpaecarpus · Harpalium · Hartmannia · Hatschbachiella · Haxtonia · Hedosyne · Heleastrum · Helenia · Heleniastrum · Helianthopsis · Helichrysopsis · Heliocauta · Helychrisum · Hemiachyris · Hemibaccharis · Hemipappus · Hemipogon · Hemistepta · Hemisteptia · Hemizonella · Henricksonia · Herderia · Herodotia · Herreranthus · Herrickia · Hertia · Hesperodoria · Heterocoma · Heterocondylus · Heterocypsela · Heteroderis · Heterolepis · Heteromera · Heteromma · Heteropappus · Heteropholis · Heteropleura · Heteroplexis · Heterorhachis · Heterospermum · Heterothalamus · Hexinia · Heywoodiella · Hidalgoa · Hieraciodes · Hilliardia · Hilliardiella · Himalaiella · Hingtsha · Hippolytia · Hippophaestum · Hirnellia · Hirtellina · Hispidella · Hisutsua · Hochstetteria · Hoehnelia · Hoehnephytum · Hoffmanniella · Holocheilus · Hololeion · Hololepis · Holophyllum · Homalotheca · Homanthis · Homognaphalium · Homogyne · Homoianthus · Homopappus · Hoorebekia · Hopkirkia · Hostia · Huarpea · Huberopappus · Hubertia · Hughesia · Hullsia · Hulteniella · Humbertacalia · Humea · Humeocline · Hyalea · Hyalis · Hyalochaete · Hyalochlamys · Hyaloseris · Hyalosperma · Hybridella · Hydroidea · Hymenatherum · Hymenoclea · Hymenolepis · Hymenonema · Hymenopsis · Hymenostemma · Hymenostephium · Hypacanthium · Hypericophyllum · Hypochoeris · Hysterionica · Ianthopappus · Icma · Ictinus · Idianthes · Idiopappus · Idiothamnus · Ighermia · Ignurbia · Iltisia · Imeria · Impia · Inezia · Intybus · Inulaster · Inuloides · Inulopsis · Io · Iocenes · Iogeton · Iostephane · Iotasperma · Iphiona · Iphionopsis · Iranecio · Ischnea · Ismelia · Isoetopsis · Isopappus · Isostigma · Isotypus · Ixeridium · Ixiochlamys · Ixiolaena · Ixodia · Jacea · Jacmaia · Jacobaea · Jacobaeastrum · Jacobanthus · Jaegeria · Jalcophila · Jaliscoa · Jamesianthus · Jancaemonda · Jaramilloa · Jeffreya · Jensia · Jessea · Johannia · Joseanthus · Kalbfussia · Kalimares · Kanimia · Karvandarina · Kaschgaria · Kaulfussia · Kaunia · Keerlia · Kegelia · Kemulariella · Kentrophyllum · Kerneria · Keysseria · Kinghamia · Kingianthus · Kippistia · Kirkianella · Klasea · Kleinia · Klenzea · Koehneola · Kovalevskiella · Koyamacalia · Kralikia · Kremeria · Krylovia · Kuhnia · Kyhosia · Kyrstenia · Kyrsteniopsis · Lachanodes · Lachnorhiza · Lachnospermum · Lacimaria · Lacinaria · Laciniaria · Lactucopsis · Lactucosonchus · Laestadia · Laevicarpa · Lagedium · Lagenocypsela · Lagoseris · Lagothamnus · Lagurostemon · Lamottea · Lamprachaenium · Lamprocephalus · Lamprochlaena · Lampsana · Lamyra · Lamyropappus · Lancisia · Landtia · Langebergia · Lantanopsis · Laphamia · Laphangium · Lappa · Lasianthea · Lasiocephalus · Lasiocoma · Lasiolaena · Lasiopus · Lasiorhiza · Lasiorrhiza · Lasiospora · Latreillea · Launea · Lavenia · Lawrencella · Lebetina · Lecocarpus · Leiachenis · Leibnizia · Leiboldia · Leighia · Lemooria · Leonis · Leontonyx · Lepachys · Lepia · Lepicaune · Lepidanthus · Lepidolopsis · Lepidonia · Lepidophorum · Lepidophyllum · Lepidospartum · Lepidostephium · Lepidotheca · Leptilon · Leptocarpha · Leptogyne · Leptopoda · Leptorhynchos · Leptoseris · Leptosyne · Leptothamnus · Leria · Lescaillea · Leto · Leucactinia · Leucanthemopsis · Leucelene · Leuceria · Leuciva · Leucochrysum · Leucocyclus · Leucogenes · Leucomeris · Leucopholis · Leucophyta · Leucopsidium · Leucopsis · Leucostemma · Leunisia · Leyssera · Liabellum · Libanothamnus · Libanotis · Lidbeckia · Lifago · Ligulariopsis · Linosyris · Linzia · Lipochaeta · Lipotriche · Lipschitziella · Lipskyella · Litogyne · Litothamnus · Llerasia · Lomatolepis · Longchampia · Lophiolepis · Lophopappus · Lorandersonia · Lorentea · Loricaria · Lourteigia · Lowellia · Loxodon · Loxothysanus · Luciliocline · Lugoa · Luina · Lundellianthus · Lundinia · Lupsia · Luteidiscus · Luthera · Lychnocephalus · Lychnophoriopsis · Lycoseris · Lyonnetia · Lyrolepis · Lysichlamys · Machlis · Macowania · Macrachaenium · Macraea · Macrocarphus · Macroclinidium · Macronema · Macropodina · Macrorhynchus · Macvaughiella · Madagaster · Madaractis · Madaria · Madaroglossa · Maja · Malacomeris · Mallotopus · Malmeanthus · Mandonia · Marasmodes · Mariana · Marschallia · Marsea · Marshalljohnstonia · Marticorenia · Maruta · Mastigophorus · Mastrucium · Mattfeldanthus · Mattfeldia · Mauranthemum · Mausolea · Mecomischus · Medicula · Medranoa · Megalodonta · Melalema · Melananthera · Melanchrysum · Melanoloma · Melarhiza · Melitella · Mendezia · Menomphalus · Meratia · Meridiana · Merrittia · Mesadenia · Mesanthophora · Mesogramma · Mesoligus · Mesoneuris · Metabasis · Metastevia · Meteorina · Mexerion · Mexianthus · Meyera · Micractis · Microbahia · Microcalia · Microcephalum · Microchaeta · Microchaete · Microderis · Microgynella · Microlecane · Microliabum · Microlonchus · Micropsis · Microrhynchus · Microspermum · Microstephium · Mieria · Mikaniopsis · Millefolium · Millotia · Minasia · Mirasolia · Miricacalia · Misbrookea · Miyamayomena · Mniodes · Mocinna · Modestia · Molina · Mollera · Molpadia · Monactinocephalus · Monanthemum · Monencyanthes · Monenteles · Monoculus · Monogereion · Monolopia · Monopholis · Monosis · Montagnaea · Monticapra · Moonia · Moquinia · Morithamnus · Morna · Morysia · Moscharia · Msuata · Mtonia · Munzothamnus · Muschleria · Musilia · Mussinia · Mustelia · Myconia · Myopordon · Myoseris · Myriogyne · Myripnois · Myrovernix · Myscolus · Myxopappus · Nabalus · Nablonium · Nacrea · Nananthea · Nannoglottis · Nannoseris · Nardophyllum · Nardosmia · Narduroides · Narvalina · Nauenburgia · Neblinaea · Needhamia · Neilreichia · Neja · Nelsonianthus · Nemesia · Nemosenecio · Nemoseris · Neobartlettia · Neocabreria · Neoceis · Neocuatrecasia · Neohintonia · Neojeffreya · Neonesomia · Neopallasia · Neotysonia · Nephrotheca · Nesampelos · Nesomia · Nestlera · Nestotus · Neuractis · Neurolaena · Neurolakis · Nidorella · Niebuhria · Nikitinia · Nippoanthemum · Nipponanthemum · Nivellea · Niveum · Nocca · Nordenstamia · Norlindhia · Nothacalais · Nothites · Nothobaccharis · Noticastrum · Notobasis · Notonia · Notoniopsis · Notoptera · Notoseris · Novaguinea · Novenia · Oaxacania · Obaejaca · Obeliscaria · Oblivia · Ochrocephala · Octomeris · Odixia · Odontocline · Odontolophus · Odontospermum · Odontotrichum · Ogiera · Oglifa · Oiospermum · Oldenburgia · Oldfeltia · Oligandra · Oliganthes · Oligogyne · Oligolepis · Oligoneuron · Oligoneurum · Oligosporus · Oligothrix · Olivaea · Olymposciadium · Omalanthus · Omalocline · Omphalopappus · Onobroma · Onopordon · Onotrophe · Oocephala · Ooclinium · Oparanthus · Ophyrosporus · Opisthopappus · Oporinia · Orbivestus · Oreastrum · Oreoleysera · Oreoseris · Oresbia · Oriastrum · Oribasia · Oritrophium · Ormenis · Orthopappus · Osbertia · Osmia · Osmiopsis · Osmites · Osteospermum · Otanthus · Oteiza · Othake · Othonnopsis · Otochilus · Otochlamys · Otopappus · Otospermum · Outreya · Oxycarpha · Oxylaena · Oxylepis · Oxylobus · Oxypappus · Oxytenia · Oyedaea · Pachylaena · Pachystegia · Pachysurus · Pachythamnus · Pacifigeron · Pacourina · Pacourinopsis · Paenula · Palaeocyanus · Paleaepappus · Paleolaria · Pallenis · Pamphalea · Panaetia · Panargyrum · Panargyrus · Paniopsis · Panphalea · Pappochroma · Papuacalia · Paquerina · Paracalia · Parachionolaena · Parafaujasia · Paraixeris · Paralychnophora · Paramicrorhynchus · Paramiflos · Paranephelius · Parantennaria · Parapolydora · Paraprenanthes · Parastrephia · Pascalia · Paurolepis · Pechuel-Loeschea · Peltidium · Pelucha · Pembertonia · Pentachaeta · Pentalepis · Pentanema · Pentatrichia · Penthea · Perdicium · Pericalia · Pericallis · Perideraea · Peripleura · Perotriche · Perralderia · Persoonia · Perymeniopsis · Petalacte · Petasitis · Petradoria · Petrodavisia · Petronia · Peyrousea · Phacellothrix · Phaecasium · Phaenixopus · Phaenocoma · Phaeopappus · Phaeostigma · Phaethusa · Phaiophleps · Phalacrachena · Phalacraea · Phalacrodiscus · Phalacromesus · Phaneroglossa · Phania · Philactis · Philoglossa · Philyrophyllum · Phitosia · Phonus · Phrygia · Phyllimena · Phyllocephalum · Picradenia · Picridium · Picrosia · Pietrosia · Piloselloides · Pilostemon · Pinardia · Pingraea · Pinillosia · Pionocarpus · Piora · Pippenalia · Piptolepis · Piptopogon · Piptothrix · Piqueriopsis · Pithecoseris · Pithocarpa · Pittocaulon · Plagiobasis · Plagiocheilus · Plagiolophus · Plagius · Planaltoa · Planea · Plateilema · Platycarpha · Platychaeta · Platypodanthera · Platypteris · Plazia · Plecostachys · Plectocephalus · Pleiacanthus · Pleioblastus · Pleiogyne · Pleiotaxis · Pleocarphus · Pleurocarpaea · Pleuropappus · Pleurophyllum · Podachaenium · Podanthus · Podosperma · Podospermum · Podotheca · Poecilolepis · Pogonolepis · Pojarkovia · Pollalesta · Polyacantha · Polyachyrus · Polyactis · Polyanthina · Polyarrhena · Polycalymma · Polychaetia · Polychrysum · Polydora · Polygyne · Polypteris · Polytaxis · Pontia · Porcellites · Porphyrostemma · Praxelis · Preauxia · Prestelia · Prestinaria · Printzia · Prionolepis · Prolobus · Prolongoa · Pronacron · Proteopsis · Protolepis · Proustia · Psacaliopsis · Psathyrotopsis · Psednotrichia · Pseudobaccharis · Pseudoblepharispermum · Pseudobrickellia · Pseudocadiscus · Pseudoelephantopus · Pseudoglossanthis · Pseudohandelia · Pseudokyrsteniopsis · Pseudoligandra · Pseudolinosyris · Pseudonoseris · Pseudopiptocarpha · Pseudostifftia · Psidia · Psila · Psilochenia · Psilopogon · Psilothamnus · Psilothonna · Ptarmica · Pterachaenia · Pterigeron · Pterochaeta · Pterocypsela · Pterophorus · Pteropogon · Pterotheca · Pterothrix · Pterygopappus · Ptilocalais · Ptilomeris · Ptiloria · Ptilostemum · Ptilostephium · Ptosimopappus · Pumilo · Punduana · Pycnocephalum · Pycnosorus · Pyrethropsis · Quechualia · Quelchia · Quinetia · Quinqueremulus · Rachelia · Radlkoferotoma · Railliardia · Ramtilla · Raouliopsis · Rastrophyllum · Raulinoreitzia · Razumovia · Rea · Remya · Rennera · Rensonia · Resinocaulon · Revealia · Rhacoma · Rhamphogyne · Rhanteriopsis · Rhanterium · Rhapontica · Rhaponticoides · Rhetinocarpha · Rhetinodendron · Rhetinolepis · Rhinactina · Rhinactinidia · Rhodanthemum · Rhodogeron · Rhynchopsidium · Rhynchospermum · Rhynea · Rhysolepis · Rhytidanthe · Rhytidospermum · Richterago · Richteria · Ridan · Riddellia · Riencourtia · Rigiopappus · Robinsonecio · Robinsonii · Rochonia · Rodigia · Rohria · Rojasianthe · Roodebergia · Rosenia · Rothia · Rothmaleria · Rubeckia · Ruckeria · Rudbechia · Ruilopezia · Rumfordia · Russowia · Rutidosis · Rydbergia · Sabazia · Sabbata · Sagmen · Salcedoa · Salmeopsis · Salviastrum · Santosia · Sarcanthemum · Sartorina · Saulcya · Scabrethia · Scalia · Schaffnera · Scherya · Schischkinia · Schistocarpha · Schistostephium · Schizogyne · Schizoptera · Schizotrichia · Schkuria · Schlagintweitia · Schlechtendalia · Schmalhausenia · Schmidtia · Schoenia · Schomburgkia · Sciadocephala · Scleroleima · Sclerophyllum · Sclerostephane · Scorzonella · Scorzoneroides · Scrobicaria · Scyphocoronis · Sebastiana · Selleophytum · Selloa · Senecillis · Senecio · Seneciodes · Seridia · Serinia · Seriola · Seriphidium · Seriphium · Seruneum · Setachna · Seubertia · Shafera · Shawia · Sheareria · Siapaea · Sideranthus · Siebera · Siegesbeckia · Siemssenia · Siloxerus · Sinacalia · Sinclairia · Sinoleontopodium · Sipolisia · Sitilias · Smallanthus · Soaresia · Sobreyra · Sogalgina · Solanecio · Solstitiaria · Sommerfeltia · Sonchoseris · Soncus · Sondottia · Sophrocattleya · Soyeria · Spadonia · Spaniopappus · Spanioptilon · Sparganophorus · Sparrmannia · Spathipappus · Sphacophyllum · Sphaereupatorium · Sphaerocephalus · Sphaeromorphaea · Sphenogyne · Spiralepis · Spirochaeta · Spitzelia · Squamopappus · Stachelina · Stachyanthus · Stachycephalum · Standleyanthus · Starkea · Staurochlamys · Stebbinsia · Stebbinsoseris · Stechmannia · Steiractinia · Steirodiscus · Steiroglossa · Stemmacantha · Stemmatella · Stemmodontia · Stengelia · Stenocarpha · Stenocephalum · Stenocline · Stenophyllum · Stenops · Stenoseris · Stenotheca · Stenotus · Stephanochilus · Stephanodoria · Stephanolepis · Steviopsis · Steyermarkina · Stictophyllum · Stilpnogyne · Stilpnolepis · Stilpnopappus · Stilpnophyton · Stilpnophytum · Stobaea · Stoechas · Stomatanthes · Stomatochaeta · Stramentopappus · Strongyloma · Strongylosperma · Strophopappus · Strotheria · Stuckertiella · Stuessya · Stylolepis · Stylopappus · Stylotrichium · Suprago · Susanna · Swammerdamia · Sylibum · Symphyglossum · Symphyllocarpus · Symphyochaeta · Synandrospadix · Syncalathium · Syncarpha · Syncephalum · Synchaeta · Synchodendron · Syncretocarpus · Synedrellopsis · Syneilesis · Synosma · Synurus · Syreitschikovia · Taeckholmia · Tafalla · Takhtajaniantha · Talamancalia · Tamania · Tamaulipa · Taplinia · Tassilago · Tecmarsis · Tehuana · Teixeiranthus · Telanthophora · Telmatophila · Tenrhynea · Tessaria · Tessenia · Tetracarpum · Tetrachyron · Tetraheuris · Tetranthus · Tetraperone · Tetrodus · Thaminophyllum · Thamnoseris · Theodorea · Thespidium · Thespis · Thiseltonia · Thomsonii · Thorncroftia · Thrincia · Thuraria · Thymopsis · Thyrsanthema · Thysanurus · Tiarocarpus · Tibestina · Tietkensia · Tilesia · Toiyabea · Tolbonia · Tomanthea · Tomentaurum · Tostimontia · Tourneuxia · Townsendia · Toxacanthus · Toxanthes · Tragoceros · Trallesia · Traversia · Trepadonia · Triachne · Tricarpha · Trichanthodium · Trichocline · Trichocoryne · Trichocrepis · Trichogoniopsis · Trichogyne · Trichophyllum · Trigonospermum · Trimorpha · Trineuron · Triniteurybia · Trioncinia · Triplocentron · Triplocephalum · Triplochlamys · Triplotaxis · Triptilion · Triptilodicus · Triptilodiscus · Tritonia · Trochoseris · Troglophyton · Troximon · Tuberculocarpus · Tuberostyles · Tuberostylis · Tugarinovia · Turaniphytum · Turczaninovia · Tuxtla · Tylecodon · Tyleropappus · Tylloma · Tyrimnus · Tysonia · Tzvelevopyrethrum · Ubiaea · Ucacou · Uechtritzia · Ugamia · Uhdea · Uleophytum · Ulina · Unamia · Uncasia · Unxia · Urbananthus · Urbanisol · Urbinella · Urmenetea · Uropappus · Urostemon · Vanillosmopsis · Vargasia · Varthemia · Vasargia · Vasquezia · Vellereophyton · Vermifuga · Vernoniastrum · Vernoniopsis · Viborgia · Vicoa · Vieraea · Vigethia · Vigolina · Vilaria · Villanova · Villasenoria · Vilobia · Virea · Virginea · Virgulus · Vittadinia · Vittetia · Vladimiria · Volkensia · Volutarella · Waitzia · Waldheimia · Wamalchitamia · Wardaster · Warionia · Webbia · Welwitschiella · Westoniella · Wibelia · Wiborgia · Wiestia · Wilborgia · Wildpretia · Wilkesia · Willdenowa · Willemetia · Willoughbya · Willugbaeya · Wirtgenia · Wollastonia · Woodvillea · Wootonia · Wuerschmittia · Wulffia · Wyomingia · X Solidaster · Xanthisma · Xanthochrysum · Xanthocoma · Xanthopappus · Xanthophthalmum · Xanthopsis · Xenismia · Xenocarpus · Xenophontia · Xenophyllum · Xerolekia · Xeroloma · Xerothamnus · Xerotium · Xerxes · Xiphochaeta · Xylanthemum · Xylovirgata · Xyridanthe · Xyridopsis · Yunquea · Yushania · Zacintha · Zaluzania · Zandera · Zarabellia · Zazintha · Zemisia · Zemisne · Zexemenia · Zeyheria · Zingeria · Zollikoferia · Zollikoferiastrum · Zonanthemis · Zoutpansbergia · Zycona · Zyzyxia
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 9,804 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in the Family Asteraceae.
Genera
Abasoloa
Abrotanum
Homeopathy: coined in German from Greek h?moios- - "like-" + p?thos p???? "suffering" [more]
Absinthium
Acanos
Acanthambrosia
Acanthium
Acanthocladium
Acanthocladium dockeri is a critically endangered species of the Asteraceae family that belongs to the monotypic genus Acanthocladium. It is commonly known as spiny everlasting or spiny daisy. It is native to Australia, and is found around the South Australian town of Laura. [more]
Acanthodesmos
Acanthodesmos distichus is a species of the Asteraceae family and is the only species in the monotypic genus Acanthodesmos. [more]
Acanthophyton
Acanthostyles
Acanthostyles is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. [more]
Acanthotheca
Acanthoxanthium
Acarna
Acaulimalva
Achaenipodium
Achaetogeron
Achaetogeron is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Achariterium
Achillaea
Achillios
Achnophora
Achnophora is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Achnopogon
Achnopogon is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Achromolaena
Achyrocline
Achyrocline is a genus of flowering plant in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Achyrocoma
Achyrocome
Achyropappus
Achyropappus is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Achyrophorus
Achyroseris
Acilepidopsis
Acilepis
Aciphyllaea
Acoma
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[1] [more]
Acomis
Acomis is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Acosta
Acrisione
Acrisione is a genus of the tribe Senecioneae and the family Asteraceae and a native of Chile. Most if not all of its members used to be placed in Senecio. [more]
Acritopappus
Acritopappus is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. [more]
Acrocentron
Acroclinium
Rhodanthe is a genus of flowering plants within the daisy family Asteraceae, endemic to Australia. [more]
Acrolophus
Acrolophus is a genus of moth in the family Acrolophidae. [more]
Acroptilion
Actinea
Actinobole
Actinobole is a genus of dwarf annual herbs in the family Asteraceae [more]
Actinolepis
Actinomeris
Actinoseris
Actinoseris is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Actinospermum
Actinospermum is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. The name is derived from the Greek "aktinos" meaning a ray and "spermus" meaning a seed. [more]
Actites
Addisonia
Addisonia is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Addisoniidae. [more]
Adenachaena
Adenanthellum
Adenocritonia
Adenocritonia is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. [more]
Adenoglossa
Adenoglossa is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. The genus contains a single species?A. decurrens (Hutch.) B. Nord.?and is found in South Africa. [more]
Adenogonum
Adenolepis
Adenoon
Adenoon is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Adenopappus
Tagetes is a genus of 56 species of annual and perennial mostly herbaceous plants in the sunflower family (Asteraceae or Compositae). The genus is native to North and South America, but some species have become naturalized around the world. One species, T. minuta, is considered a noxious invasive plant in some areas. [more]
Adenospermum
Adenothamnus
Adenothamnus is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Adenotrichia
Adonigeron
Adopogon
Adventina
Aedesia
Aedesia (Greek Greek: ) was a female philosopher of the Neoplatonic school who lived in Alexandria in the fifth century. She was a relation of Syrianus and the wife of Hermias, and was equally celebrated for her beauty and her virtues. After the death of her husband, she devoted herself to relieving the wants of the distressed and the education of her children, Ammonius and Heliodorus. She accompanied the latter to Athens, where they went to study philosophy, and was received with great distinction by all the philosophers there, and especially by Proclus, to whom she had been betrothed by Syrianus, when she was quite young. She lived to a considerable age, and her funeral oration was pronounced by Damascius, who was then a young man, in hexameter verses. [more]
Aegialophila
Aegopordon
Aegopordon is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Aegoseris
Aequatorium
Aequatorium is a genus of flowering plant in the Asteraceae family and members of the tribe Senecioneae which are native to South America. [more]
Aetheolaena
Aetheolaena is a genus of flowering plant in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Aetheopappus
Aetheorhiza
Aetheorhiza is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Aetheorriza
Afrocrocus
Afromomum
Aganippea
Agathaea
Agathomeris
Agathyrsus
Agathyrsi (Greek: ) were a people of Scythian, Thracian, or mixed Thraco-Scythic origin, who in the time of Herodotus occupied the plain of the Maris (Mures), in the mountainous part of ancient Dacia now known as Transylvania, Romania. According to most authorities, Agathyrsi were of Thracian stock, although their ruling class seems to have been of Scythian origin [more]
Ageratella
Ageratella is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. [more]
Ageratinastrum
Agiabampoa
Agiabampoa is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Aglaodendron
Agnorhiza
Agnorhiza is a small genus of flowering plants in the aster family containing five species formerly treated as members of genus Wyethia, the mule's ears, and as a section of genus Balsamorhiza. The plants are native to California and adjacent northern Mexico. They are perennial herbs with sunflower-like flower heads 1 to 4 centimeters wide. [more]
Agrianthus
Agrianthus is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. [more]
Agriphyllum
Aimorra
Ainsliea
Aiolotheca
Ajana
Ajaniopsis
Akeassia
Akylopsis
Alairia
Alarconia
Alatoseta
Albertinia
Albertinia is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Albinea
Alcalthaea
Alcantara
Alcina
Alcina (HWV 34) is an opera seria by George Frideric Handel. Handel used the libretto of L'isola di Alcina, an opera that was set in 1728 in Rome by Riccardo Broschi, which he acquired the year after, during his travels in Italy. The plot was originally taken from ? but partly altered for better conformity ? Ludovico Ariosto's Orlando furioso (like those of the Handel operas Orlando and Ariodante), an epic poem set in the time of Charlemagne's wars against Islam. The opera contains several musical sequences with opportunity for dance: these were composed for dancer Marie Sall?. [more]
Alciope
Aldama
Aldama is a surname shared by several notable people: [more]
Aldunatea
Alepidocline
Alepidocline is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Alibum
Aliconia
Aliella
Aliella is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Aliseta
Alitubus
Alix
Alkibias
Allagopappus
Allagopappus is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. It has large teeth like an alligator where the prefix "alla" comes from. The flowers also smell like rotten excrement. [more]
Allardia
Allardia is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Allendea
Allittia
Allocarpus
Alloispermum
Alloispermum is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Alogyne
Alomia
Alomia is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. [more]
Alomiella
Alomiella is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. [more]
Alophium
Altamirania
Alvordia
Alvordia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It includes 4 species of shrubs which occur in the states of Baja California and Sonora, Mexico. The genus is characterized by having a secondary clustering of heads into compound units, so that what appears to be a single head is actually a group of heads packed together . The genus is classified as a member of subtribe Helianthinae, the same subtribe that contains the common sunflower (Helianthus). Based on the reported chromosome counts, Alvordia includes both diploid and polyploid species, but the relationships among these have not yet been studied in detail. No chromosome count has yet been reported for the species A. congesta from Sonora, which was a later transfer to the genus . [more]
Amauria
Amauriopsis
Biennials (sometimes flowering in first year, sometimes persisting), 10-80+ cm. Stems erect, usually branched distally, sometimes from bases. Leaves usually basal and cauline; alternate; petiolate; blades deltate to ovate or oblong (in broad outline), usually 1-2-ternately lobed (lobes mostly oblong to obovate), ultimate margins entire or toothed, faces ± scabrellous to hirtellous, usually gland-dotted. Heads radiate, in loose, corymbiform arrays. Involucres ± hemispheric or broader, 10-18+ mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 12-21+ in ± 2 series (reflexed in fruit, distinct, ± oblanceolate or lanceolate to lance-attenuate, subequal, thin-herbaceous, margins membranous, sometimes purplish, apices usually attenuate to ± caudate). Receptacles convex, pitted, epaleate. Ray florets 10-21+, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow. Disc florets 30-80+, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow, tubes longer than funnelform throats, lobes 5, ± lanceolate (usually longer than throats). Cypselae obpyramidal, 4-angled, usually glabrous, sometimes hirtellous; pappi 0. x = 12.[2] [more]
Amberboia
Amblachaenium
Amblyopogon
Amblysperma
Amboroa
Amboroa is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. [more]
Ambrosinia
Ameghinoa
Amellus
Amellus is a genus of flowering plants in the family, Asteraceae. [more]
Amida
Amida can mean: [more]
Ammanthus
Ammocyanus
Ammodia
Ammoseris
Amolinia
Ampherephis
Amphibecis
Amphicalea
Amphidoxa
Amphiglossa
Amphiglossa is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. [more]
Amphiraphis
Amphirhapis
Anacantha
Anacis
Anactinia
Anactis
Anaglypha
Anaitis
Anahita is the Old Persian form of the name of an Iranian goddess and appears in complete and earlier form as (Ar?dvi Sura Anahita); the Avestan language name of an Indo-Iranian cosmological figure venerated as the divinity of 'the Waters' (Aban) and hence associated with fertility, healing and wisdom. Aredvi Sura Anahita is Ardwisur Anahid or Nahid in Middle- and Modern Persian, Anahit in Armenian. An iconic shrine cult of Aredvi Sura Anahita, was ? together with other shrine cults ? "introduced apparently in the 4th century BCE and lasted until it was suppressed in the wake of an iconoclastic movement under the Sassanids." [more]
Anandria
Anaphalioides
Anaphalioides is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Anastraphia
Anastraphia is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Anaxeton
Anaxeton is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. [more]
Ancathia
Ancistrophora
This is a list of the genera currently recognised in the fly family Tachinidae. [more]
Anderbergia
Andrieuxia
Andromachia
Anemanthele
Anemanthele is a monotypic genus of grass indigenous to New Zealand. Its only species is Anemanthele lessoniana, often called gossamer grass or New Zealand wind grass. This is a naturally rare grass in the wild but it is widely cultivated for use as an attractive ornamental garden plant. It is marginal in zone 8, going dormant and deciduous in cold winters, but usually an evergreen to semi-evergreen. Good green arching foliage to 3 feet in USDA 8, with highlights of orange, copper, and gold, especially in drier soils. Excellent backlit. [more]
Anemocarpa
Anemonospermos
Angelandra
Croton is an extensive flowering plant genus in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, established by Carl Linnaeus in 1737. The plants of this genus were described and introduced to Europeans by Georg Eberhard Rumphius. The common names for this genus are rushfoil and croton, but the latter also refers to Codiaeum variegatum. The generic name comes from the Greek (kroton), which means "tick" and refers to the shape of the seeds of certain species. [more]
Angelianthus
Angelphytum
Dimerostemma is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. It now includes all the species in the former genus Angelphytum as the two were merged in 2007. Most species occur in Brazil. [more]
Anguloa
Anguloa, commonly known as tulip orchids, is a small orchid genus closely related to Lycaste. Its abbreviation in horticulture is Ang. This genus was described by Jos? Antonio Pav?n and Hip?lito Ruiz L?pez in 1798. They named it in honor of , a contemporary Peruvian who collected orchids as a hobby and by this way had become quite knowledgeable about these plants, assisting the botanists in their work. [more]
Anisocarpus
Perennials, 10-80 cm. Stems erect, branched from bases or throughout. Leaves basal and cauline; proximal opposite (sometimes rosettes), distal alternate; ± sessile; blades oblong to linear, lance-linear, or oblanceolate, margins entire or toothed, faces hirsute to strigose or pubescent and (distal leaves) stipitate-glandular. Heads radiate or discoid, borne singly or in corymbiform or racemiform arrays. Peduncular bracts: pit-glands, tack-glands, and/or spines 0 at tips. Involucres ± globose or broadly ellipsoid to campanulate, 4-6+ mm diam. Phyllaries 0 (see paleae at receptacles) or falling, 1-3 or 7-15 in 1 series (lanceolate to lance-attenuate or oblanceolate, herbaceous, each 1/2 or fully enveloping subtended ray floret proximally, ciliolate, abaxially stipitate-glandular, sometimes hirtellous). Receptacles flat to convex, glabrous or setulose, paleate (paleae falling, in 1 series, between rays and discs, usually connate, sometimes distinct, phyllary-like, more scarious; in discoid heads, functionally an "involucre"). Ray florets 0, 1-3, or 8-15, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow. Disc florets 5-30, bisexual and fertile, or functionally staminate; corollas yellow, tubes shorter than funnelform throats, lobes 5, deltate (styles glabrous proximal to branches; anthers yellow). Ray cypselae (black or grayish) compressed or ± obcompressed, clavate, ± arcuate (basal attachments centered, apices beaked, beaks offset adaxially, 0.2-0.3 mm, faces glabrous or hairy) ; pappi 0 or coroniform. Disc cypselae (black or grayish) ± terete, clavate (± straight, faces hairy) ; pappi of 5-8 or 11-21 lanceolate, linear, quadrate, or subulate, ciliolate-plumose, erose, or fimbrillate scales. x = 7.[3] [more]
Anisochaeta
Anisoderis
Anisoramphus
Anisothrix
Anisothrix is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. [more]
Anomostephium
Anomostephium is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Antemis
Anteremanthus
Anthe-Matricaria
Anthemi-Matricaria
Anthemiopsis
Anthemis
Anthemis (?n-the-mis) is a genus of about 100 species of aromatic herbs in the Asteraceae, closely related to Chamaemelum, and like that genus, known by the common name chamomile; some species are also called dog-fennel or mayweed. However, Mayweed is improperly used for this genus since Mayweed refers to the Matricaria genus. Anthemis are native to the Mediterranean region and southwest Asia east to Iran. A number of species have also become naturalized in England/United Kingdom and in other parts of the world. [more]
Anthocerastes
Anthochytrum
Antillanthus
Antillia
Antillia (or Antilia) is a legendary island that was reputed, during the 15th century age of exploration, to lie in the Atlantic Ocean, far to the west of Portugal and Spain. The island also went by the name of Isle of Seven Cities (Ilha das Sete Cidades (Portuguese), Septe Cidades). [more]
Antiphiona
Antithrixia
Antrospermum
Anura
Anvillea
Anvillea is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Apalochlamys
Apalus
Apargia
Aphanactis
Aphanactis is a genus of flowering plant in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Aphanopappus
Aphanostephanus
Aphelexis
Aphyllocladus
Aphyllocladus is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Aplopappus
Aplophyllum
Aplotaxis
Apodocephala
Apogon
Apogon is a large genus of cardinalfishes with 207 currently described species. Many of these fishes live at depths of 200 metres (660 ft) or more and can only be collected using trawling or dredging and thus are rather poorly known. Other species undoubtedly await discovery. [more]
Apopyros
Aposeris
Aposeris is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Apostates
Apostasy (; Greek: ?p?stas?a (apostasia), 'a defection or revolt', from ?p?, apo, 'away, apart', st?s??, stasis, 'stand, 'standing') is the formal disaffiliation from or abandonment or renunciation of a religion by a person. One who commits apostasy (or who apostatises) is known as an apostate. These terms have a pejorative implication in everyday use. The term apostasy is used by sociologists to mean renunciation and criticism of, or opposition to, a person's former religion, in a technical sense and without pejorative connotation. The term is sometimes also used by extension to refer to renunciation of a non-religious belief or cause, such as a political party, brain trust, or, facetiously, a sports team. [more]
Arachnopogon
Arachnospermum
Aracium
Arbelaezaster
Arctanthemum
Arctanthemum is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Arctogeron
Arctotheca
Arctotheca () is a small genus of flowering plants in the aster family. They are annuals or perennials native to southern Africa. At least two species are widely naturalized elsewhere, including Australia. [more]
Arctotis
Arctotis is a genus of about 40-50 species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to southern Africa, from South Africa north to Angola. Some of the plants are alternatively placed in the genus Venidium. Many are called by the common name "African daisy", or "Gousblom" in Afrikaans. Some species have been developed as popular horticultural items because of their attractive yellow, orange, red, or white flowers. Gardeners cultivate some species as half-hardy annuals. [more]
Argentipallium
Argentipallium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. The genus, which is endemic to Australia, was first formally described in 1992 by Paul G. Wilson in the botanical journal Nutsyia. [more]
Argyrantheum
Argyrochaeta
Argyrocome
Argyroglottis
Argyrophyllum
Argyrophyton
Argyrotegium
Argyrovernonia
Arida
Arida is a city in Wakayama, Japan. As of 2008, the city had an estimated population of 30,787 in an area totalling 36.91 km?. The city was founded on May 1, 1956, when the neighbouring four towns of Minoshima, Miyazaki, Yasuda and Miahara merged to form a single city. The main industries in Arida and the surrounding areas are oil refining and fishing. In addition, Arida is famous as one of the largest producers of mikan or Japanese mandarins in Wakayama Prefecture. Arida's sister city in the US is Delano, California. [more]
Aristeguietia
Aristeguietia is a genus of about 21 species of flowering plant in the tribe Eupatorieae of the Asteraceae family. It is found from Colombia to southern Peru, with one species in Chile. [more]
Aristomenia
Arnaldoa
Arnaldoa is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Arnicastrum
Arnicastrum is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Arnopogon
Aronicum
Arrhenachne
Arrhenechthites
Arrhenechthites is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Arrojadocharis
Arrojadocharis is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. [more]
Arrowsmithia
Artanacetum
Artemisiella
Artemisiopsis
Asaemia
Asanthus
Asanthus is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. [more]
Asarina
Asarina is a genus comprising 16 species of strongly sprawling or twining perennials, native to Mexico, southwestern USA, and southern Europe. Originally placed in the Scrophulariaceae (figwort family), they have more recently been moved to the Plantaginaceae (plantain family). Leaves are often triangular, toothed, downy and hairy with twining flower stalks. Flowers are attractive trumpet-shaped with broad green sepals and pale throat-spotted corolla in varying sizes, resemble snapdragons, and may be white, yellow, pink, purple, and shades in between. Some species are often placed in the genus Maurandya. [more]
Ascalea
Ascaricida
Aschenbornia
Ascidiogyne
Ascidiogyne is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. [more]
Aspelina
Aspidalis
Aspilia
Aspilia is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. Historically, Aspilia africana has been used in Mbaise and most Igbo speaking parts of Nigeria to prevent conception suggesting potential contraceptive and anti-fertility properties. Leaf extract and fractions of A. africana effectively arrested bleeding from fresh wounds, inhibited microbial growth of known wound contaminants and accelerated wound healing process. Aspilia is thought to be used as herbal medicine by some chimpanzees. [more]
Asplundianthus
Asplundianthus is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. [more]
Astephania
Astericus
Saint Astrik of Pannonhalma (also known as Anastasius, Astericus, Ascrick, Astricus) (d. ca. 1030/1040) is a saint of the 11th century. He accompanied Saint Adalbert in the latter's missionary work to the Bohemians and became the first abbot of Brevnov Monastery. He later fled to the Kingdom of Hungary and was engaged in missionary work among the Magyars. [more]
Asteridea
Asteridea can mean: [more]
Asteridia
Asteriscus
Asteriscus may refer to: [more]
Asteromoea
Asteromoea is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Asteropsis
Asteropterus
Asterothrix
Astranthuim
Atalanthus
Athroisma
Athroisma is a genus of plants in the Asteraceae family. [more]
Atrichantha
Atropurpurea
Aucklandia
Austrobrickellia
Austrobrickellia is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. [more]
Austrocritonia
Austrocritonia is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. [more]
Austroeupatorium
Austroeupatorium is a genus of 13 species of plants native to South America, including herbaceous perennials and shrubs. The native range is focused on eastern South America and extends as far north as Panama and Trinidad and as far west as Bolivia. [more]
Austroliabum
Austrosynotis
Avellara
Axiniphyllum
Axiniphyllum is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Ayapanopsis
Ayapanopsis is a genus of about 14 to 15 species of flowering plants in the Asteraceae family. They are found in the Andes, from southern Colombia to Argentina. [more]
Aylacophora
Aynia
?ine (Irish pronunciation: ) is an Irish goddess of love, summer, wealth and sovereignty. She is associated with the sun and midsummer, and is sometimes represented by a red mare. She is the daughter of Egobail, the sister of Aillen and/or Fennen, and is claimed as an ancestor by multiple Irish clans. As the goddess of love and fertility, she had command over crops and animals and as such was always associated with agriculture. [more]
Aztecaster
Babcockia
Bacasia
Baccaris
Baccharidastrum
Baccharidiopsis
Baccharodes
Bacharis
Badilloa
Badilloa is a genus of 10 species of shrubs and small trees in the Asteraceae family. They are native to the Andes, from Venezuela to Peru. [more]
Bahianthus
Bahianthus is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. [more]
Bahiopsis
Shrubs, 50-150 cm . Stems ascending to erect, much branched. Leaves mostly cauline; alternate or opposite; petiolate or sessile; blades usually 3-nerved (from at or near bases), deltate, deltate-ovate, lanceolate, lance-ovate, or ovate, margins entire or toothed to laciniate, faces hispid, sericeous, or strigillose, often resinous or gland-dotted. Heads radiate, borne singly or (3-25+) in ± thyrsiform arrays. Involucres campulate to hemispheric, (9-14 ×) 4-7 mm. Phyllaries persistent, 16-28 in 2-3 series (unequal, bases ovate to lance-ovate, indurate, apices abruptly narrowed, herbaceous). Receptacles convex, paleate (paleae tan, conduplicate, apices acute). Ray florets 8-15, neuter; corollas yellow (2-3-lobed). Disc florets 40-50+, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow, tubes shorter than campanulate throats, lobes 5, triangular (style branches relatively slender, apices acute). Cypselae (brown to black) ± compressed, ± 3- or 4- angled, often obpyramidal, ± strigose; pappi persistent, of 2(-6) lacerate, aristate scales (1-2.8 mm) plus (0-) 2-6 lacerate scales (0.2-1 mm). x = 18.[4] [more]
Baillieria
Bajacalia
Baldingeria
Baldwinia
Passiflora, known also as the passion flowers or passion vines, is a genus of about 500 species of flowering plants, the namesakes of the family Passifloraceae. They are mostly vines, with some being shrubs, and a few species being herbaceous. For information about the fruit of the passiflora plant, see passionfruit. The monotypic genus Hollrungia seems to be inseparable from Passiflora, but further study is needed. [more]
Balsamita
Balsamita is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Balsamorrhiza
Balsomorhiza
Bardana
Barkhausia
Barrattia
Barroetea
Barrosoa
Basedowia
Basteria
Batopilasia
Baziasa
Bedfordia
Bedfordia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Asteraceae. The genus includes 3 species, all endemic to Australia. [more]
Behen
Bejaranoa
Bellida
Bellidastrum
Bellidiastrum
Belliopsis
Bellium
Belloa
Bembicium
Benedicta
Berardia
Berinia
Berkheyopsis
Berroa
Berthelotia
Berylsimpsonia
Bezanilla
Bichenia
Biolettia
Biotia
Bishopalea
Bishopanthus
Bishopiella
Bishovia
Blainvillea
Blakeanthus
Blakiella
Blanchetia
Blaxium
Blepharipappus
Blepharipappus is a monotypic plant genus in the daisy family containing the single species Blepharipappus scaber, which is known by the common name rough eyelash, or rough eyelashweed. This is an unassuming small annual plant native to the northwestern United States. It raises slender, fuzzy stems, atop which bloom a daisylike flower head. Its ray florets are white with purple markings and the center of the flower is packed with white disc florets with purple anthers. The fruit is a dark achene which often bears a pappus of a few stiff, light colored bristles. The rough eyelash grows in forests at some elevation. [more]
Blepharippapus
Boebera
Boeberastrum
Boeberoides
Bohadschia
Bojeria
Bolandia
Bolanosa
Bolocephalus
Bolophyta
Bolosia
Bourgaea
Bowmania
Brachionostylum
Brachyactis
Brachyandra
Brachyclados
Brachyderea
Brachymeris
Brachyramphus
Brachyramphus is a small genus of seabirds from the North Pacific. It consists of three species: [more]
Brachyrhynchos
Brachyris
Brachyscome
Brachyscome is a of 65 species of shrub in the daisy family Asteraceae. 60 of these are found in Australia, the remainder in New Zealand and New Guinea. [more]
Brachystephium
Brachystylis
Brachythrix
Bracteantha
Xerochrysum ( Bracteantha) is a genus of five species of flowering plants native to Australia. [more]
Bradburia
Annuals, rarely perennials, 15-80 cm; caudices taprooted, woody. Stems erect, usually simple (annuals), sometimes proximally branched (perennials), sparsely pilose. Leaves basal and cauline; alternate; basal petiolate, cauline sesssile; blades 1-nerved, oblanceolate (bases attenuate), margins entire or apically dentate, sometimes coarsely hispido-pilose (apices acute), faces hispido-pilose, sometimes coarsely so; cauline blades linear-lanceolate to elliptic-oblong, reduced distally, obscurely apically dentate or entire, faces pilose. Heads radiate, borne singly or in lax paniculiform arrays (on long branches from distal nodes, much exceeding primary and higher level branches from which they arise). Peduncles 1.5-10 cm, short hispido-pilose, stipitate-glandular distally. Involucres campanulate, (6-9 ×) 6-17 mm. Phyllaries 25-60 in 3-5 series, 1-nerved (midnerves yellow-brown to brown, somewhat translucent, faint to obvious, raised; outer somewhat keeled proximally), linear to linear-lanceolate, strongly unequal, scarious to herbaceous distally, margins broadly scarious, faces sparsely to densely short- to long-pilose, sparsely glandular. Receptacles flat to slightly convex, pitted, epaleate. Ray florets 7-25, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow. Disc florets 11-60, bisexual and fertile, or functionally staminate and sterile; corollas yellow, tubes shorter than cylindric, distally narrowly expanded throats, lobes 5, erect, triangular; style-branch appendages linear-triangular. Cypselae (straw to brown) obconic-obovoid, compressed or triangular, smooth or slightly ribbed, faces short-strigose; pappi persistent, of 20-35 stramineous to rusty brown, apically attenuate bristles in 2-3 series, outer either bristles grading into inner series or scales. x = 4, 3.[5] [more]
Brasilia
Brauneria
Breea
Brickelliastrum
Perennials or subshrubs, 30-80+ cm (plants not viscid). Stems decumbent to erect, much branched from bases. Leaves cauline; mostly opposite (distal sometimes alternate) ; petiolate; blades usually 3-nerved, deltate to ovate, margins crenate-dentate, faces pubescent or glabrous, sometimes gland-dotted. Heads discoid, in loose, corymbiform to paniculiform arrays. Involucres ± campanulate, 4-7 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 20-25 in 3-4 series, 2- or 4-nerved, lance-ovate to lanceolate, unequal (herbaceous to chartaceous). Receptacles convex, epaleate. Florets 25-35; corollas white or yellowish white, throats funnelform (lengths 2.5-4 times diams.) ; styles: bases not enlarged, glabrous, branches narrowly clavate. Cypselae prismatic, 5(-7) -ribbed, puberulent; pappi readily falling or fragile, of ca. 25 barbellate bristles in 1 series. x = 10.[6] [more]
Bridgesia
Bridgesia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Sapindaceae. The sole species, Bridgesia incisifolia, is a shrub native to South America in Chile. [more]
Brintonia
Brocchia
Brotera
Broteroa
Bryomorphe
Bubonium
Bunioseris
Burkartia
Burrielia
Caatinganthus
Cabobanthus
Cabreriella
Cacosmia
Cacosmia is a of flowering plant in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Caelestina
Caesulia
Calais
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Calanticaria
Calcitrapa
Calcitrapoides
Calhounia
Calimeris
Calliachyris
Callichroa
Callichroa is an obsolete genus of from the sunflower family (Asteraceae). It has been synonymized with the genus Layia [more]
Callilepis
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Callistemma
Callistephus
Callistephus () is a genus of flowering plants, in the Asteraceae (daisy family); the genus includes only one species, C. chinensis, the China Aster. [more]
Calocephalus
Calocephalus is a genus of annuals, perennial herbs and shrubs, in the family Asteraceae. The genus, which is endemic to Australia, was first formally described by botanist Robert Brown in 1817. [more]
Calomeria
Calopappus
Caloptilium
Calostephane
Calotesta
Calycocorsus
Calydermos
Camchaya
Camomilla
Campovassouria
Camptacra
Campylotheca
Candidea
Capelio
Carbeni
Carbenia
Carddus
Cardonaea
Carelia
Carlowizia
Carlquistia
Perennials, 7-54 cm (rhizomatous, often matted). Stems (aerial) erect. Leaves mostly cauline; proximal opposite, distal alternate; sessile; blades lanceolate to linear, margins entire, faces hirsute to villous and glandular-pubescent. Heads discoid, borne singly or in loose, corymbiform arrays. Peduncular bracts: pit-glands, tack-glands, and/or spines 0 at tips. Involucres ± campanulate, 5-10+ mm diam. Phyllaries (modified paleae) (5-) 7-16 in 1 series, lanceolate to lance-linear, herbaceous, abaxially hirsute and glandular-pubescent. Receptacles flat, setulose, epaleate (except for bracts constituting "involucres"). Ray florets 0. Disc florets 7-29, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow, tubes shorter than or about equaling funnelform throats, lobes 5, deltate (anthers yellow to brownish; styles glabrous proximal to branches). Cypselae ± terete (apices not beaked, faces scabrellous) ; pappi of 9-17 white to mauve or tawny, subulate, ± plumose scales (flattened bristles). x = 8.[7] [more]
Carmelita
Carramboa
Carterothamnus
Cartesia
Carthamnus
Castalis
Castanedia
Castra
Castrilanthemum
Castroviejoa
Catamixis
Catatia
Cathamus
Catolesia
Caucasalia
Cavalcantia
Cavea
Caxamarca
Cenia
Cenocline
Centauridium
Centauropsis
Centaurothamnus
Centrapalus
Centrocarpha
Centroclinium
Centromadia
Annuals, 10-120 cm. Stems ± erect to prostrate. Leaves mostly cauline (at flowering) ; proximal opposite (often in winter-spring rosettes), most alternate; ± sessile; blades oblanceolate to linear or lance-linear, proximal usually 1-2-pinnatifid, ultimate margins toothed or entire (sometimes bristly-ciliate), (apices of distal leaves usually spine-tipped) faces glabrous, scabroso-hirtellous, ± hirsute, or villous, often glandular as well. Heads radiate, borne in glomerules or ± spiciform-paniculiform or ± umbelliform arrays. Peduncular bracts: pit-glands and tack-glands 0 (apices usually spine-tipped, sometimes apiculate). Involucres ± obconic or urceolate, 3-8+ mm diam. (subtended by calyculi of 5-12+ usually spine-tipped bractlets). Phyllaries falling or persistent, 5-75+ in 1 series (lanceolate to lance-attenuate or oblanceolate, herbaceous, each usually 1/2 enveloping subtended ray floret proximally, abaxially scabroso-hirtellous, hirsute, or villous and/or glandular, apices often spine-tipped). Receptacles flat to convex, setulose, paleate (paleae persistent, subtending all or most disc florets, distinct, phyllary-like, more scarious). Ray florets 5-75+, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow. Disc florets 6-200+, usually functionally staminate, rarely bisexual and fertile; corollas yellow, tubes shorter than funnelform throats, lobes 5, deltate (anthers reddish to dark purple or yellow to brownish; styles glabrous proximal to branches). Ray cypselae ± compressed (abaxially gibbous, basal attachments basal or oblique, apices beaked or elevated adaxially, faces glabrous) ; pappi 0. Disc cypselae usually 0; pappi (of disc florets) 0 or of 3-12 linear, oblanceolate, or subulate scales. x = 13.[8] [more]
Centrophyllum
Centrospermum
Centurea
Cephalipterum
Cephalonoplos
Cephalopappus
Cephalophora
Cephalosorus
Ceradia
Ceratogyne
Ceruana
Chabraea
Chacoa
Chaetymenia
Chamaegeron
Chamaeleon
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Chamaepus
Chameleon
Charadranaetes
Charieis
Chatiakella
Cheilodiscus
Cheirolepis
Cheirolepis ('hand fin') is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish that lived in the Devonian period of Europe and North America. It is the only genus yet known within the family Cheirolepidae and the order Cheirolepiformes. It was among the most basal of the Devonian actinopterygians and is considered the first to possess the "standard" dermal cranial bones seen in later actinopterygians. [more]
Cheiroloma
Cheirolophus
The Maltese Centaury or Maltese Rock-centaury (Cheirolophus crassifolius) is a species of in the Asteraceae family. It is monotypic within the genus Cheirolophus. It is the national plant of Malta, where it is endemic. Its natural habitats are Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation and rocky shores. It is threatened by habitat loss. [more]
Cheliusia
Chersodoma
Chevreulia
The Clubmoss Cudweed (Chevreulia lycopodioides) is a species of in the Asteraceae family. It is monotypic within the genus Chevreulia. It is found only in Falkland Islands. Its natural habitats are temperate shrubland and temperate grassland. [more]
Chicorium
Chihuahuana
Chiliadenus
Chiliocephalum
Chiliophyllum
Chiliotrichiopsis
Chiliotrichum
Chimantaea
Chionohebe
Chionolaena
Chionopappus
Chionoptera
Chlamydites
Chlamydophora
Chlamysperma
Chlorocrepis
Choeroseris
Chondrophora
Chondropyxis
Chorisis
Chorisiva
Annuals, 5-25(-40) cm. Stems erect, diffusely branched. Leaves cauline; mostly alternate; petiolate; blades ovate or deltate to lanceolate, usually 1-2-pinnately lobed (lobes lance-ovate to linear), ultimate margins entire or toothed, faces ± scabrellous, usually gland-dotted. Heads ± discoid, mostly borne singly (in leaf axils or remote from axils, ± scattered). Involucres ± turbinate to campanulate, 2-3+ mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 3-8+ in 1-2+ series, distinct, outer 3+ herbaceous, inner scarious to membranous, glabrous. Receptacles convex; paleae linear to setiform, membranous, usually with dilated, strigillose or ciliate tips. Pistillate florets 2-3(-5) ; corollas yellowish, tubular. Functionally staminate florets 5-10+; corollas yellowish, funnelform, strigillose and gland-dotted distally, lobes 5, erect (filaments ± connate, anthers weakly coherent or distinct). Cypselae obovoid, obcompressed, smooth or corky-tuberculate, glabrous (not corky-winged, not gland-dotted) ; pappi 0.[9] [more]
Chorisma
Chresta
Chromatolepis
Chromolepis
Chronopappus
Chrysanthemopsis
Chrysanthoglossum
Chrysocephalum
Chrysocephalum, known by the common name of Everlastings for their long life as a cut flower, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Chrysocephalum is a genus of six species all of which were formerly classified under other genera (Helichrysum, Helipterum and Leptorhynchos) [more]
Chrysolaena
Chrysophthalmum
Chrysoprenanthes
Chrysostemma
Chthonia
Chthonocephalus
Chucoa
Chuquiragua
Ciceronia
Cirrhopetalum
Cirsellium
Cissampelopsis
Cladochaeta
Clarionea
Clavigera
Cleistanthium
Clomenocoma
Closia
Cnicothamnus
Codonocephalum
Coelestina
Coespeletia
Coinogyne
Coleocoma
Coleosanthus
Coleostephus
Colobanthera
Colobium
Colobogyne
Cololobus
Columellea
Colymbada
Comaclinium
Comborhiza
Comptonanthus
Conforata
Coniothele
Connata
Conocliniopsis
Conophora
Constancea
Subshrubs, 50-150(-200) cm. Stems decumbent to ± erect, branched from bases or throughout (densely white-tomentose to glabrate). Leaves cauline; alternate; petiolate; blades broadly ovate, 1-2-pinnately lobed (lobes oblong or oblanceolate to linear), ultimate margins entire (somewhat revolute, apices ± rounded), faces white-tomentose (adaxial often glabrescent). Heads radiate, (50-100+) in corymbiform or paniculiform arrays. Involucres cylindric to campanulate, 3-5 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 8-16 in ± 2 series (± erect in fruit, distinct, oblong to linear, ± herbaceous, ± keeled). Receptacles flat to convex, shallowly pitted, glabrous, epaleate. Ray florets 4-9, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow. Disc florets 10-25+, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow, tubes shorter than campanulate or narrowly funnelform throats, lobes 5, deltate. Cypselae (blackish, dull) obpyramidal to clavate, ± scabrellous to glabrate; pappi persistent, of 2-6+ unequal (or 2 opposite, longer, and ± equal), basally connate, oblong to subulate scales (tips acute to erose). x = 19.[10] [more]
Conyzanthus
Conyzella
Coreopsideae
Coreopsoides
Corethamnium
Coronidium
Coronocarpus
Correllia
Corvisartia
Cosmea
Cosmidium
Cosmos
Annuals [perennials or subshrubs], 30-250 cm. Stems usually 1, erect or ascending, branched distally or ± throughout. Leaves mostly cauline; opposite; petiolate or sessile; blades usually 1-3-pinnately lobed [undivided], ultimate margins usually entire, faces usually glabrous, sometimes glabrate, hispid, puberulent, or scabridulous. Heads radiate, borne singly or in corymbiform arrays. Calyculi of [5-]8 basally connate, ± linear to subulate, herbaceous (striate) bractlets. Involucres hemispheric or subhemispheric [cylindric], 3-15 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, [5-]8 in ± 2 series, distinct, lanceolate, lance-oblong, lance-ovate, or oblong, ± equal, membranous or herbaceous, margins ± scarious. Receptacles flat, paleate; paleae falling, linear, flat or slightly concave-convex, scarious (entire). Ray florets [0, 5] 8 (more in "double" cultivars), neuter; corollas white to pink or purple, or yellow to red-orange. Disc florets 10-20[-80+], bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow [orange] (at least distally), tubes shorter than funnelform throats, lobes 5, ± deltate (staminal filaments hairy near anthers; style branches linear, flattened, thicker distally, hirtellous, appendages relatively slender). Cypselae (dark brown or black) relatively slender, quadrangular-cylindric or -fusiform [outer somewhat obcompressed], sometimes slightly arcuate, attenuate-beaked, not winged [winged], faces glabrous or hispid to scabridulous or ± setose, sometimes papillate, usually with 1 groove; pappi persistent [falling], of 2-4[-8] retrorsely [antrorsely] barbed awns, sometimes 0. x = 12.[11] [more]
Cota
Cota can refer to: [more]
Cotulina
Coulterella
Courrantia
Cousiniopsis
Crambella
Crantzia
Crassina
Cratystylis
Cremneria
Cremnothamnus
Cremocephalum
Crepidiastrixeris
Crepidiastrum
Crepidium
Crinitaria
Crinitina
Criscia
Critoniadelphus
Critoniella
Critoniopsis
Critoniopsis is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Crocidium
Crocodilodes
Crocodylium
Cronquistia
Cronquistianthus
Cronquistianthus consists of 25 species of shrubs native to the Andes in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. [more]
Crossolepis
Crossostephium
Crossothamnus
Crossothamnus is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Cryphiospermum
Cryptostemma
Crystallopollen
Ctenosperma
Cuatrecasanthus
Cuatrecasanthus is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Cuatrecasasiella
Cuchumatanea
Culcitium
Cullumiopsis
Cuniculotinus
Subshrubs, 20-60 cm (caudices branched, woody, to 10 cm). Stems erect (green with tan ridges decurrent apparently from bases of major leaf nerves), simple, glabrous. Leaves basal (± persistent) and cauline; alternate; sessile; blades (ascending) with midnerves plus 2-4 collateral nerves prominent, linear to lanceolate or oblong-oblanceolate (coriaceous), margins entire (sometimes ciliate with conic trichomes), faces glabrous or sparsely hairy, often gland-dotted (cauline reduced distally, becoming bractlike in arrays). Heads discoid, borne singly or in corymbiform arrays (at branch tips, branches racemiform). Involucres turbinate to cylindric, (11-17.5 ×) 3-4 mm. Phyllaries 12-18 in 4-6 series, appressed to slightly spreading (pale yellow, sometimes green to brownish distally), midnerves plus 2 collaterals evident proximally (flat), ovate or oblong to obovate, unequal, mostly chartaceous, margins scarious, (apices truncate, mucronate to caudate) faces glabrous. Receptacles flat, finely pitted, epaleate. Disc florets 4-7, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow, tubes shorter than or about equal to tubular (slightly dilated distally) throats, lobes 5, erect, triangular; style-branch appendages linear. Cypselae (tan brownish) oblong, subterete, 5-6-ribbed, glabrous; pappi persistent, of ± 80 silvery or tan, barbellate, apically attenuate bristles in 1 series. x = 9.[12] [more]
Cunigunda
Cupidonia
Cupularia
Curio
Cuspidia
Cyanopis
Cyanthillium
Vernonia is a genus of about 1000 species of forbs and shrubs in the family Asteraceae. Some species are known as Ironweed. Some species are edible and of economic value. They are known for having intense purple flowers. The genus is named for English botanist . There are numerous distinct subgenera and subsections in this genus. This has led some botanists to divide this large genus into smaller groups which separate the species into distinct genera. For instance, the Flora of North America only recognizes about 20 species, 17 of which are in North America north of Mexico, with the other two or three being found in South America. [more]
Cyanus
Cyanus is a genus of flies in the family Calliphoridae. [more]
Cyathocline
Cyathopappus
Cyclachaena
Annuals, 30-120(-200) cm. Stems erect, strictly, if at all, branched. Leaves cauline; mostly opposite (distal sometimes alternate) ; petiolate; blades (3-5-nerved) ± deltate, ovate, or rhombic (proximal 1-3 pairs, often 3-5-lobed), margins usually toothed, faces densely to sparsely scabrellous to strigillose (abaxial often canescent), both usually gland-dotted. Heads ± disciform, in (± ebracteate) paniculiform arrays. Involucres turbinate to hemispheric, 3-5+ mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 10-12+ in 2+ series, distinct, outer 5 herbaceous, inner scarious to membranous. Receptacles convex to conic; paleae spatulate to linear, ± membranous, sometimes 0. Pistillate florets 5; corollas whitish, tubular, or 0. Functionally staminate florets 5-10(-20+) ; corollas whitish, funnelform, lobes 5, erect (filaments connate, anthers distinct). Cypselae plumply obovoid to obcompressed, finely striate, sparsely strigillose or hispidulous distally, little, if at all, gland-dotted; pappi 0. x = 18.[13] [more]
Cyclolepis
Cymbonotus
Cymbopappus
Cymboseris
Cymophora
Cypselodontia
Cyrtocymura
Cyttarium
Dacryotrichia
Damnamenia
Damnxanthodium
Dasyandantha
Dasyanthina
Dasyanthus
Dasycondylus
Dauresia
Daveaua
Decachaeta
Decaneurum
Decastylocarpus
Decazesia
Deckera
Dectis
Deinandra
Annuals, subshrubs, or shrubs, 4-120(-150) cm. Stems usually ± erect, rarely decumbent. Leaves mostly cauline (annuals forming winter-spring rosettes, usually withering by flowering) ; proximal opposite, most alternate; sessile; blades oblanceolate to linear or lance-linear, usually pinnatifid or toothed, sometimes serrate or entire, faces often hirsute or hispid-hirsute, sometimes villous, pilose, pubescent, canescent, strigose, or scabrous (often sessile- or stipitate-glandular as well) or glabrous (with scabrous or hispid margins). Heads radiate, usually in corymbiform or ± paniculiform arrays, sometimes in racemiform arrays or in glomerules. Peduncular bracts: pit-glands, tack-glands, and spines 0. Involucres ± obconic, campanulate, hemispheric, or urceolate, 2 -13+ mm diam. Phyllaries falling, 3-35 in 1 series (± lanceolate to lance-attenuate or oblanceolate, herbaceous, each usually 1/2 enveloping subtended ray floret proximally, abaxially ± hirsute and sessile- or stipitate-glandular). Receptacles flat to convex, glabrous or setulose, paleate (paleae falling, in 1 series between rays and disc in annuals, in 2-3+ series or subtending all or most disc florets in subshrubs and shrubs, connate or distinct, phyllary-like, more scarious). Ray florets 3-35, pistillate, fertile; corollas deep or pale yellow. Disc florets 3-70, usually functionally staminate, seldom bisexual and fertile; corollas yellow, tubes shorter than or about equaling funnelform throats, lobes 5, deltate (anthers usually reddish to dark purple or yellow, rarely maroon; styles glabrous proximal to branches). Ray cypselae slightly obcompressed (adaxial sides flatter than abaxials), clavate (abaxially gibbous, often ± arcuate, basal attachments oblique, apices ± beaked, beaks offset adaxially, ascending, faces glabrous) ; pappi 0. Disc cypselae usually 0; pappi (of disc florets) usually of 1-15 elliptic, lance-linear, lanceolate, linear, oblong, quadrate, setiform, or subulate, entire, erose, fimbriate, fringed, or laciniate scales, sometimes 0 or coroniform (crowns of ± linear, sometimes fimbriate scales). x = 12 or 13.[14] [more]
Delamerea
Delilea
Delilia
Delucia
Dendrosenecio
Denekia
Desmanthodium
Desmocephalum
Detris
Dewildemania
Diacranthera
Dialesta
Dianthoseris
Diaperia
Annuals, 3-25 cm. Stems 1, erect, or 2-10, ascending to ± prostrate. Leaves basal and cauline; alternate; blades oblanceolate to obovate. Heads borne singly or in glomerules of 2-40+ in ± dichasiform, pseudo-polytomous, spiciform, or racemiform arrays. Involucres inconspicuous. Phyllaries (2-) 4-6, ± equal (similar to paleae). Receptacles pulvinate to conic (heights 0.2-2.4 times diams.), glabrous. Pistillate paleae readily falling (all or inner together, ± coherent distally by tangled indument) or outermost sometimes persistent, erect to ascending; bodies with 5+ nerves (nerves ± parallel, obscure), oblanceolate to oblong, flat to concave most of lengths (not enclosing florets) ; wings 0. Staminate or bisexual paleae readily falling (coherent with pistillate), (1-) 3-5, erect to apically somewhat spreading or incurved (scarcely enlarged) in fruit, slightly surpassing pistillate paleae; bodies ± spatulate (apices entire, sometimes involute and ± gibbous). Pistillate florets 13-35+. Functionally staminate or bisexual florets 2-5; corolla lobes mostly 4, equal or unequal. Cypselae light to dark brown, monomorphic: terete to obcompressed, ± obovoid, ± straight, not gibbous, faces glabrous, minutely papillate, dull or ± shiny; corolla scars apical; pappi 0. x = 7.[15] [more]
Diaphoranthus
Diaphractanthus
Diaspananthus
Diazeuxis
Dibothrospermum
Dicercoclados
Dicerothamnus
Dichromochlamys
Dicoria
Annuals, perennials, or subshrubs [shrubs], 10-90+ cm. Stems erect, virgately to divaricately branched. Leaves cauline; proximally opposite (first 2-10+ pairs in early growth, Feb-Apr), otherwise alternate; petiolate; blades (3-nerved) lance-linear to lanceolate (proximal) or ± deltate or ovate to elliptic or lanceolate (distal), margins entire or toothed, faces sericeous to strigillose, sometimes with coarser, erect hairs, usually gland-dotted as well. Heads disciform or discoid (then functionally staminate), in (mostly ebracteate) racemiform to paniculiform arrays [borne singly or loosely aggregated in 2s or 3s]. Involucres ± cup-shaped to saucer-shaped, 3-5+ mm diam. Phyllaries persistent (outer) or tardily falling, distinct, outer (4-) 5(-7) in 1 series, ± herbaceous, inner 0-4 (each subtending a pistillate floret), scarious to membranous (accrescent, ultimately ovate to elliptic in fruit). Receptacles convex; paleae cuneiform to linear, membranous, ± villous to hispid distally, sometimes wanting. Pistillate florets (0-) 1-4; corollas 0. Functionally staminate florets 5-15+; corollas whitish, funnelform, lobes 5, erect, reflexed, or incurved (anthers distinct or weakly coherent). Cypselae strongly obcompressed, often slightly cucullate, ± obovate to elliptic, margins corky-winged, irregularly toothed, faces smooth or warty, sometimes gland-dotted; pappi 0 (cypselae often each with apical tuft of white hairs). x = 18.[16] [more]
Didelta
Dielitzia
Dieteria
Annuals, biennials, or perennials ( subshrubs in D. canescens var. ziegleri) , 10-100 cm; taprooted. Stems erect to ascending, much branched (when well developed), glabrous or hairy, sometimes stipitate-glandular. Leaves basal and cauline; alternate; usually sessile, sometimes basal and proximal cauline petiolate; blades 1-nerved, ovate, obovate, oblong, lanceolate, oblanceolate, or linear, margins entire or irregularly serrate to dentate (teeth usually spine-tipped), faces glabrous, canescent, or puberulent, often sparsely stipitate-glandular. Heads radiate (sometimes discoid in D. canescens var. shastensis). Involucres turbinate, campanulate, or hemispheric, 6-16 × 6-30 mm. Phyllaries 25-100 in 3-12 series, appressed, spreading, or reflexed, 1-nerved, lanceolate to linear, unequal, bases indurate, apices herbaceous, usually hairy or stipitate-glandular. Receptacles convex, pitted, epaleate. Ray florets 7-60, pistillate, fertile (sterile or 0 in D. canescens var. shastensis) ; corollas white, blue, violet, or purple. Disc florets 15-200, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow, tubes shorter than funnelform throats (both glabrous or glabrate), lobes 5, erect, deltate to lanceolate (usually appressed-hairy) ; style-branch appendages lanceolate. Cypselae linear to obovoid, flattened, smooth or 8-12-ribbed, faces glabrous or ± appressed-hairy; pappi persistent, of 40-50 white to tawny, barbellate, apically attenuate bristles in 1-3 series. x = 4.[17] [more]
Digitacalia
Diglossus
Dillandia
Dimerostemma
Dimorphocoma
Dimorpholepis
Dinoseris
Diodonta
Diodontium
Diosma
Diotis
Diotostephus
Diplazoptilon
Diplemium
Diplocoma
Diplopappus
Aster (syn. Diplopappus Cass.) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. The genus once contained nearly 600 species in Eurasia and North America, but after morphologic and molecular research on the genus during the 1990s, it was decided that the North American species are better treated in a series of other related genera. After this split there are roughly 180 species within the genus, all but one being confined to Eurasia. The name Aster comes from the Ancient Greek word ?st?? (ast?r), meaning "star", referring to the shape of the flower head. Many species and a variety of hybrids and varieties are popular as garden plants because of their attractive and colorful flowers. Aster species are used as food plants by the larvae of a number of Lepidoptera species?see list of Lepidoptera that feed on Aster. Asters can grow in all hardiness zones. [more]
Diplosastera
Diplostemma
Dipterocome
Dipterocypsela
Dipterotheca
Disparago
Dissothrix
Distasis
Distegia
Distreptus
Disynaphia
Dithyrostegia
Doellia
Dolichlasium
Dolichoglottis
Dolichogyne
Dolichorrhiza
Dolichothrix
Dolomiaea
Dolosanthus
Domeykoa
Doniophyton
Dorobaea
Doronicum
Doronicum is a genus of the botanical family Asteraceae. [more]
Dracopis
Dracopis is a monotypic genus with Dracopis amplexicaulis (Clasping Coneflower; Rudbeckia amplexicaulis) the sole species. It is native to North America. [more]
Dracopsis
Drepania
Dresslerothamnus
Duchesnia
Dugaldia
Dugesia
Dugesia is a genus of dugesiid triclad that contains some common representatives of the class Turbellaria. These common flatworms are found in freshwater habitats of Africa, Europe, Middle East, Asia and Australia. Dugesia is the type genus of the family Dugesiidae. [more]
Duidaea
Dumerilia
Dunantia
Duseniella
Dymondia
Dyscritothamnus
Echinocephalum
Echinocoryne
Echinomeria
Echinopus
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[18] [more]
Ecliptica
Eclopes
Eclypta
Edmondia
Eenia
Egania
Eirmocephala
Eitenia
Eizaguirrea
Ekmaniopappus
Elachanthemum
Elachanthus
Elachia
Elachopappus
Elaphandra
Elaphandra is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Electra
Elekmania
Elephantosis
Ellenbergia
Elphegea
Embergeria
Emiliella
Emphysopus
Endocellion
Endopappus
Endoptera
Engelmannia
Perennials, 20-50(-100) cm (taproots or caudices becoming woody). Stems erect (coarsely strigose, hispid, or hirsute), usually branched (at least distally, sometimes branched from bases, aerial stems multiple). Leaves basal and cauline; alternate; petiolate (basal and proximal cauline) or sessile (distal) ; blades (pinnately nerved) mostly oblong to lanceolate, usually 1(-2) -pinnately lobed, bases ± cuneate, ultimate margins entire, faces coarsely strigose, hispid, or hirsute. Heads radiate, in open, corymbiform arrays. Involucres hemispheric, 6-10 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent (outer) or falling (inner, with cypselae), mostly 18-24+ in ± 3 series (outer with relatively short, expanded, indurate bases and longer, linear, herbaceous tips, inner broadly ovate, mostly indurate, scarious-margined, herbaceous tips relatively broader and shorter, tending to split along midveins in age). Receptacles flat, paleate (paleae linear to narrowly oblong, hirsute-ciliate at tips). Ray florets 8-9 (each subtended by an inner phyllary), pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow (laminae oblong-elliptic, entire or minutely 2-3-toothed). Disc florets 25-50, functionally staminate; corollas yellow, tubes shorter than campanulate throats, lobes 5, ± deltate (anthers black, appendages deltate, obtuse; styles not branched). Cypselae obcompressed or obflattened, obovate (each falling with subtending phyllary, 2-4, indurate paleae, plus sterile ovaries of 2-4 disc florets, margins ± ciliate, faces strigose to pilose) ; pappi persistent or tardily falling, of 2-4, ciliate scales. x = 9.[19] [more]
Epallage
Epilepis
Epitrachys
Epitriche
Erato
A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Erechites
Eremiastrum
Eremocharis
Eremonanus
Eremosis
Eriachaenium
Ericentrodea
Ericentrodea is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Eriocarpum
Eriochlamys
Eriocoma
Eriolepis
Eriotrix
Erlangea
Erodiophyllum
Eroeda
Erymophyllum
Eryngiophyllum
Erythremia
Erythrochaete
Erythrolaena
Eschenbachia
Escholtzia
Esopon
Espejoa
Espeletiopsis
Ethulia
Ethuliopsis
Eumorphia
Eupatoriadelphus
Eupatoriastrum
Eupatorina
Eupatoriopsis
Euphrosyne
Eurybiopsis
Eurydochus
Eutetras
Euthrixia
Euxenia
Evacidium
Evacopsis
Evopis
Ewartia
Ewartiothamnus
Exomiocarpon
Eyrea
Fabera
Faberia
Farobaea
Faujasia
Faujasiopsis
Faujasiopsis is a genus of about three species of flowering plants in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Faxonia
Feaea
Feddea
Feldstonia
Femeniasia
Fenixia
Ferdinanda
Ferreyranthus
Ferreyrella
Filifolium
Fimbrillaria
Fingalia
Fitzwillia
Fleischmanniopsis
Floscaldasia
Floscaldasia is a genus of flowering plant in the Asteraceae family. It contains two species found in tropical South America: [more]
Flosmutisia
Flotovia
Fluckigeria
Formania
Fornicium
Foveolina
Fragmosa
Francoeuria
Franseria
Fresenia
Freya
In Norse mythology, Freyja (Old Norse the "Lady") is a goddess associated with love, beauty, fertility, gold, sei?r, war, and death. Freyja is the owner of the necklace Br?singamen, rides a chariot driven by two cats, owns the boar Hildisv?ni, possesses a cloak of falcon feathers, and, by her husband ??r, is the mother of two daughters, Hnoss and Gersemi. Along with her brother Freyr (Old Norse the "Lord"), her father Nj?r?r, and her mother (Nj?r?r's sister, unnamed in sources), she is a member of the Vanir. Stemming from Old Norse Freyja, modern forms of the name include Freya, Freja, Freyia, Fr?ya, and Freia. [more]
Frolovia
Fulcaldea
Fullartonia
Gaertneria
Galatella
Galathenium
Galeana
Galeana is a last name. Several municipalities in Mexico are named Galeana as a homage to Hermenegildo Galeana, a 19th century Mexican liberal. [more]
Galeomma
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Gamochaetopsis
Gamolepis
Garcibarrigoa
Garcilassa
Gardnerina
Garhadiolus
Gastrocarpha
Gatyona
Gazaniopsis
Geblera
Geigeria
Geissolepis
Geissopappus
Gelasia
Georgia
Geracium
Gerberia
Geropogon
Gifola
Gilberta
Gilruthia
Gladiopappus
Glaziovianthus
Glebionis
Glebionis is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to Europe and the Mediterranean region. The species were formerly treated in the genus Chrysanthemum, but a recent ruling of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature has resulted in that genus being redefined to cover the species related to the economically important florist's chrysanthemum, thereby excluding these species. [more]
Glossarion
Glossocardia
Glossogyne
Glossopappus
Gnaphaliothamnus
Gnaphalopsis
Gnephosis
Gnomophalium
Goldmanella
Gongrostylus
Gongrothamnus
Gongyloglossa
Gongylolepis
Goniocaulon
Gonospermum
Gorceixia
Gossweilera
Goyazianthus
Graemia
Grahamia
Grammarthron
Grangeopsis
Graphistylis
Gratwickia
Grauanthus
Grazielia
Greenella
Greenmania
Greenmaniella
Grisebachianthus
Grossheimia
Guariruma
Guayania
Guenthera
Guevaria
Guevaria is a genus of flowering plant in the Asteraceae family. Places where it is found include Ecuador and Peru. [more]
Gundlachia
(Note: Gundlachia is also the name of a genus of shrubs from the Caribbean islands.) [more]
Gutenbergia
Guynesomia
Gymnanthemum
Gymnaster
Gymnocline
Gymnocondylus
Gymnocoronis
Gymnodiscus
Gymnogyne
Gymnolaena
Gymnolomia
Gymnopentzia
Gymnophyton
Gymnopsis
Gymnosperma
Shrubs, 50-150(-200) cm (glabrous, heavily resinous; taprooted). Stems erect, branched. Leaves cauline; alternate; sessile; blades (1- or 3-nerved, parallel in wider blades) linear to narrowly lanceolate, oblanceolate, or elliptic (bases decurrent), margins entire (minutely papillate-ciliolate, apices often recurving or slightly falcate), faces gland-dotted (in pits). Heads radiate, (sessile to subsessile) in compact glomerules, in terminal, corymbiform arrays. Involucres cylindro-turbinate to elliptic-obovoid, (3-3.8 ×) 1.5-2 mm. Phyllaries 7-12 in 2-4 series, 1-nerved (midveins not evident; convex) ovate to lanceolate, unequal, mostly completely whitish indurate, outer sometimes faintly green at tips, margins scarious, abaxial faces glabrous. Receptacles flat, pitted (glabrous), epaleate. Ray florets 4-9, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow. Disc florets 4-6, bisexual and fertile, sometimes functionally staminate; corollas orange-yellow, tubes about equaling tubular-funnelform throats, lobes 5, reflexing-coiling, lanceolate; style-branch appendages lanceolate to narrowly oblong-lanceolate (papillate). Cypselae columnar or fusiform, terete or slightly compressed, 6-8-nerved (nerves barely evident on rays, usually completely subepidermal on discs), white-strigillose (hairs apically rounded-acute) ; pappi essentially 0 or coroniform (less than 0.1 mm, margins erose or toothed). x = 4 or 8.[20] [more]
Gymnostephium
Gymnostyles
Gynoxis
Gypothamnium
Gyptidium
Gyptis
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Gyrodoma
Haastia
Haeckeria
Haegiela
Haemastegia
Haenelia
Handelia
Hapalostephium
Haplodiscus
Haplostephium
Haplostichia
Haptotrichion
Harleya
Harmonia
Harnackia
Harpaecarpus
Harpalium
Hartmannia
Hatschbachiella
Haxtonia
Hedosyne
Annuals, 10-50(-100) cm. Stems erect, strictly branched. Leaves cauline; mostly alternate; petiolate; blades deltate or ovate to lanceolate, 1-3-pinnately lobed (lobes oblong to lance-linear), ultimate margins entire or toothed, faces ± scabrellous and/or hispid, usually gland-dotted. Heads ± disciform, usually in loose, (± bracteate or ebracteate) paniculiform arrays (sometimes 3-6+ distal to axil of each bract). Involucres ± hemispheric, 4-5 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 10-12+ in 2+ series, distinct, outer 5 herbaceous, inner scarious to membranous. Receptacles hemispheric; paleae spatulate to linear, membranous, sparsely hairy or glabrate, usually gland-dotted. Pistillate florets 5-10; corollas 0. Functionally staminate florets 5-10+; corollas whitish, funnelform, lobes 5, soon reflexed (filaments ± connate, anthers weakly coherent or distinct). Cypselae pyriform, ± obcompressed, finely striate, glabrous, little, if at all, gland-dotted; pappi 0. x = 18.[21] [more]
Heleastrum
Helenia
Heleniastrum
Helianthopsis
Helichrysopsis
Heliocauta
Helychrisum
Hemiachyris
Hemibaccharis
Hemipappus
Hemipogon
Hemistepta
Hemisteptia
Hemizonella
Annuals, 1-20 cm. Stems ± erect (branches often divaricate, hispidulous, stipitate-glandular). Leaves basal and/or cauline; proximal opposite, distal alternate (often in clusters of 2-3+ immediately proximal to branches) ; sessile; blades linear, margins entire or toothed, faces hirsute and (distal leaves) glandular-puberulent. Heads radiate, borne singly or in corymbiform arrays or glomerules (peduncles filiform). Peduncular bracts: pit-glands, tack-glands, or spines 0. Involucres ± obovoid, (1-) 2-4 mm diam. Phyllaries 3-5 in 1 series (each mostly or wholly enveloping a ray ovary, ± oblanceolate, herbaceous, abaxially hirsute and glandular-hirtellous). Receptacles flat to convex, glabrous or sparsely setulose, paleate (paleae falling, in 1 series between rays and discs, connate). Ray florets 3-5, pistillate, fertile; corollas pale yellow. Disc florets 1-2, bisexual, fertile; corollas pale yellow, (pubescent) tubes about equaling funnelform throats, lobes 5, deltate (anthers yellow; styles glabrous proximal to branches). Ray cypselae (black) obcompressed (arcuate, basal attachments centered, apices minutely beaked, beaks straight, oriented adaxially, 0.1-0.15 mm, faces sparsely hispidulous or glabrate) ; pappi 0. Disc cypselae (black) ± terete, clavate (± hispidulous, apices minutely beaked, beaks straight, oriented vertically, 0.1-0.15 mm) ; pappi 0. x = 21-22.[22] [more]
Henricksonia
Herderia
Herodotia
Herreranthus
Herrickia
Perennials or subshrubs, 1-70 cm (rhizomes elongate and slender to short and thick, often becoming woody, or woody caudices). Stems ascending to erect, usually simple, rarely branched proximally, glabrous or thinly scabridulous, sometimes stipitate-glandular (mostly distally). Leaves mostly basal or mostly cauline; alternate; sessile or petiolate; blades 1-nerved, oblanceolate to spatulate, distal usually gradually reduced, margins entire or spinulose-serrate, faces glabrous or scabrellous, sometimes stipitate-glandular. Heads radiate, in corymbiform arrays or borne singly. Involucres cylindro- to hemispherico-campanulate, (6-12 ×) 5-10 mm. Phyllaries 15-40+ in 3-6 series, 1-nerved (low-keeled or rounded adaxially), spatulate, oblanceolate, oblong-obovate, oblong, ovate, lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate, unequal, bases indurate, margins narrowly scarious (sometimes foliaceous), often ciliolate; green zones ± basally truncate, usually in distal 1 / 5 - 9 / 10, rarely wholly foliaceous (outer) to less than 1 / 6 and only along midveins (inner) ; (apices acute to long-acuminate), faces glabrous, usually stipitate-glandular. Receptacles flat to slightly convex, pitted, epaleate. Ray florets 8-27, pistillate, fertile; corollas white to purple (coiling at maturity). Disc florets 12-43, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow, becoming purple at maturity, barely ampliate, tubes shorter to longer than funnelform to campanulate throats, lobes 5, erect to spreading, triangular or lanceolate; style-branch appendages lanceolate. Cypselae cylindro-obconic to fusiform, ± compressed, 7-10-nerved, faces glabrous or densely strigillose, eglandular; pappi persistent, of 35-70+, yellowish to cinnamon or tawny, unequal, ± stiff, barbellate, apically attenuate or (longer) sometimes ± clavate bristles in 1+ series. x = 9.[23] [more]
Hertia
Sonic X is an anime series based on the Sonic the Hedgehog video game series. It was produced in Japan by TMS Entertainment. In the United States, 4Kids currently owns and manages copyright and branding of the series. [more]
Hesperodoria
Heterocoma
Heterocondylus
Heterocypsela
Heteroderis
Heterolepis
Heteromera
Heteromma
Heteropappus
Heteropholis
Heteropleura
Heteroplexis
Heterorhachis
Heterospermum
Heterothalamus
Hexinia
Heywoodiella
Hidalgoa
Hieraciodes
Hilliardia
Hilliardiella
Himalaiella
Hingtsha
Hippolytia
Hippophaestum
Hirnellia
Hirtellina
Hispidella
Hisutsua
Hochstetteria
Hoehnelia
Hoehnephytum
Hoffmanniella
Holocheilus
Hololeion
Hololepis
Holophyllum
Homalotheca
Homanthis
Homognaphalium
Homogyne
Homoianthus
Homopappus
Hoorebekia
Hopkirkia
Hostia
Huarpea
Huberopappus
Hubertia
Hughesia
Hullsia
Hulteniella
Perennials, (0.6-) 1-12 cm (sterile basal rosettes 1-10+; rhizomes at or below ground, ± woody, giving rise to branched, woody caudices). Stems (flowering) 1-10+ (1 per rosette), erect, not branched (scapiform), ± villous to woolly, particularly near heads (hairs basifixed). Leaves (basal marcescent, erect) all or mostly basal; alternate; sessile; blades (appearing 1-nerved or nerves inconspicuous) linear, not lobed, margins entire (villous-ciliate), faces glabrous. Heads radiate, borne singly. Involucres hemispheric or broader, (4-) 4.5-6(-6.5) mm diam. Phyllaries persistent (green), 20-26(+) in 2(-3+) series, distinct, oblong to lance-oblong (not carinate, 1-nerved), margins and apices (dark brown, fimbriate) scarious (apices obtuse to acute, abaxial faces glabrous or villous). Receptacles convex (± villous), epaleate. Ray florets 11-19, pistillate, fertile; corollas white, laminae obovate. Disc florets 60-80, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow, tubes ± cylindric, throats campanulate, lobes 5, deltate (without resin sacs). Cypselae ± obconic, ribs 5, faces glabrous (pericarps without myxogenic cells or resin sacs) ; pappi crowns of 6-12 irregular teeth. x = 9.[24] [more]
Humbertacalia
Humea
Humeocline (syn. Humea ) is a genus of the botanical family Asteraceae, which is endemic of Madagascar. [more]
Humeocline
Hyalea
Hyalis
Hyalochaete
Hyalochlamys
Hyaloseris
Hyalosperma
Hybridella
Hydroidea
Hymenatherum
Hymenoclea
Hymenolepis
Hymenolepis is a genus of cyclophyllid tapeworms responsible for hymenolepiasis. [more]
Hymenonema
Hymenopsis
Hymenostemma
Hymenostephium
Hypacanthium
Hypericophyllum
Hypochoeris
Hypochaeris is a genus of plants in family . Many species are known as cat's ear. These are annual and perennial herbs generally bearing flower heads with yellow ray florets. They are native to Eurasia, North Africa, and South America. [more]
Hysterionica
Ianthopappus
Icma
Ictinus
Idianthes
Idiopappus
Idiopappus is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Idiothamnus
Ighermia
Ignurbia
Iltisia
Imeria
Impia
Inezia
Inezia is a genus of birds in the Tyrannidae family. [more]
Intybus
Inulaster
Inuloides
Inulopsis
Io
Io or io may refer to: [more]
Iocenes
Iogeton
Iostephane
Iotasperma
Iphiona
Iphionopsis
Iranecio
Ischnea
Ismelia
Annuals, 10-30(-50+) cm. Stems 1, erect, usually branched distally, glabrous or sparsely hairy (hairs basifixed). Leaves mostly cauline; alternate; petiolate or sessile; blades obovate to oblong (bases sometimes clasping), usually 2-pinnately lobed, ultimate margins usually dentate, rarely entire, faces glabrous. Heads radiate, borne singly or in 2s or 3s. Involucres hemispheric or broader, 12-25+ mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 20-30+ in 2-3 series, distinct, ovate or obovate to lance-deltate or lanceolate (± carinate), unequal, margins and apices scarious (tips of inner often ± dilated). Receptacles convex to conic, epaleate. Ray florets 13-21+, pistillate, fertile; corollas proximally white or red to purple, distally yellow or white, laminae ± linear. Disc florets 80-150+, bisexual, fertile; corollas proximally ochroleucous, distally red to purple, tubes cylindric (stipitate-glandular or gland-dotted), throats funnelform, lobes 5, deltate. Cypselae dimorphic: outer 3-angled (each angle ± winged, wings not spine-tipped) ; inner compressed, adaxial angles ± winged (wings not spine-tipped) ; ribs 0, faces glabrous (pericarps without myxogenic cells or resin sacs) ; pappi 0. x = 9.[25] [more]
Isoetopsis
Isopappus
Isostigma
Isotypus
Ixeridium
Ixiochlamys
Ixiolaena
Ixodia
Ixodia is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. It is native to Australia, ranging from South Australia to western Victoria. [more]
Jacea
Jacmaia
Jacobaea
Jacobaeastrum
Jacobanthus
Jaegeria
Jalcophila
Jalcophila is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Jaliscoa
Jamesianthus
Perennials, 60-150+ cm (fibrous-rooted). Leaves cauline; opposite; petiolate or sessile; blades ± lanceolate to narrowly trullate, (bases sometimes ± auriculate) margins entire or denticulate, faces: abaxial glabrous, adaxial minutely scabrellous to hirtellous. Heads radiate, borne singly or in open, corymbiform arrays. Involucres ± campanulate or broader, 9-12+ mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 14-18+ in ± 3 series (± oblong, ovate, ovate-oblong, or ovate-attenuate, unequal, outer shorter). Receptacles flat to convex, epaleate. Ray florets 6-8, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow. Disc florets 20-30, all bisexual or inner functionally staminate; corollas yellow, tubes shorter than to equaling ± campanulate to funnelform throats, lobes 5, ovate-deltate to deltate (style branches stout, appendages deltate). Ray cypselae ± obovoid, weakly obcompressed, 16-24-nerved, ± hispidulous; pappi 0, or fragile, of 6-8+ barbellate bristles (borne on crowns). Disc cypselae ± ellipsoid to clavate, ± hispidulous; pappi 0, or fragile, of 6-8+ barbellulate bristles (borne on crowns).[26] [more]
Jancaemonda
Jaramilloa
Jeffreya
Jensia
Annuals, 5-60 cm (self-incompatible). Stems erect. Leaves mostly cauline; proximal opposite (often crowded), distal alternate; sessile; blades spatulate to linear, margins entire or toothed, faces hirsute to strigose (distal leaves sometimes stipitate-glandular as well). Heads radiate, in ± umbelliform arrays. Peduncular bracts: pit-glands, tack-glands, and/or spines 0. Involucres ± obconic or urceolate to globose, 3-5 mm diam. Phyllaries 2-12 in 1 series (lanceolate to lance-attenuate, herbaceous, each usually wholly enveloping a ray ovary, abaxially hirsute, hair tips ± uncinate). Receptacles flat to convex, glabrous or setulose, paleate (paleae falling, in 1 series between rays and discs, connate, herbaceous to ± scarious). Ray florets 2-12, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow, sometimes purple-veined abaxially. Disc florets 1-65, functionally staminate; corollas yellow, tubes shorter than funnelform throats, lobes 5, deltate (anthers ± dark purple; styles glabrous proximal to branches). Ray cypselae compressed, clavate, arcuate, basal attachments oblique, faces glabrous, apices beaked. Ray pappi crowns of scales (0.1-1 mm) ; disc pappi of 5-7 (white or purple-tipped) subulate, crisped, ciliolate scales (2.5-3 mm). x = 8.[27] [more]
Jessea
Johannia
Joseanthus
Joseanthus is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Kalbfussia
Kalimares
Kanimia
Karvandarina
Kaschgaria
Kaulfussia
Christensenia is a genus of ferns in the botanical family Marattiaceae. The genus is confined to the . The basal chromosome number for this genus is 2n=80. [more]
Kaunia
Kaunia is a genus of 14 species of South American shrubs or small trees. Its range is centered in Bolivia but it is also found in Argentina, southern Brazil, Peru and Ecuador. [more]
Keerlia
Kegelia
Kemulariella
Kentrophyllum
Kerneria
Keysseria
Kinghamia
Kingianthus
Kingianthus is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Kippistia
Kirkianella
Klasea
Kleinia
Kleinia is a genus of flowering plant in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Klenzea
Koehneola
Kovalevskiella
Koyamacalia
Kralikia
Kremeria
Krylovia
Kuhnia
Kyhosia
Perennials, 50-120 cm (rhizomatous; self-incompatible). Stems (aerial) erect. Leaves basal and cauline (at flowering) ; proximal opposite (basalmost in rosettes), distal alternate; sessile; blades lance-linear to linear, margins entire, faces hirsute and (distal leaves) glandular-hirtellous. Heads radiate, borne singly or in loose, ± corymbiform arrays. Peduncular bracts: pit-glands, tack-glands, and/or spines 0. Involucres ± campanulate to hemispheric, 6-12+ mm diam. Phyllaries 8-12 in 1 series (each mostly or wholly enveloping a ray ovary, lanceolate to lance-linear, herbaceous, abaxially hirsute and glandular-hirtellous). Receptacles flat to convex, glabrous, paleate (paleae falling, in 1 series between rays and discs, weakly connate or distinct). Ray florets 8-12, pistillate, fertile; corollas bright yellow. Disc florets 28-65, bisexual and fertile; corollas bright yellow, pubescent, tubes shorter than funnelform throats, lobes 5, deltate (anthers ± dark purple; styles glabrous proximal to branches). Ray cypselae (black) compressed, clavate (arcuate, basal attachments centered, apices beakless, faces glabrous or hispidulous) ; pappi 0, or coroniform. Disc cypselae (brown to black) ± terete (straight or arcuate, faces hispidulous, otherwise similar to rays) ; pappi of 5-10 (stramineous to purplish) lanceolate to subulate, ciliate to plumose scales. x = 6.[28] [more]
Kyrstenia
Kyrsteniopsis
Lachanodes
Lachanodes is a genus of the tribe Senecioneae and the family Asteraceae. [more]
Lachnorhiza
Lachnospermum
Lacimaria
Lacinaria
Laciniaria
Lactucopsis
Lactucosonchus
Laestadia
Laevicarpa
Lagedium
Lagenocypsela
Lagoseris
Lagothamnus
Lagurostemon
Lamottea
Lamprachaenium
Lamprocephalus
Lamprochlaena
Lampsana
Lamyra
Lamyropappus
Lancisia
Landtia
Langebergia
Lantanopsis
Laphamia
Laphangium
Lappa
Lasianthea
Lasiocephalus
Lasiocoma
Lasiolaena
Lasiopus
Lasiorhiza
Lasiorrhiza
Lasiospora
Latreillea
Launea
Lavenia
Lawrencella
Lebetina
Lecocarpus
Lecocarpus is a plant genus in the family Asteraceae, native to Gal?pagos Islands, Ecuador. [more]
Leiachenis
Leibnizia
Leiboldia
Leighia
Lemooria
Leonis
Leontonyx
Lepachys
Lepia
Lepicaune
Lepidanthus
Lepidolopsis
Lepidonia
Lepidophorum
Lepidophyllum
Lepidospartum
Lepidospartum is a small genus of three species of flowering plant in the daisy family. They are known commonly as broomsages or scalebrooms. These are tall, woody shrubs with stiff twiggy branches that resemble brooms. They are native to the southwestern United States and far northern Mexico. These shrub have thin, narrow, needlelike or scalelike leaves and bear yellow daisy flowers. L. burgessii is an endangered species. [more]
Lepidostephium
Lepidotheca
Leptilon
Leptocarpha
Leptogyne
Leptopoda
Leptorhynchos
Leptoseris
Leptosyne
Leptothamnus
Leria
Lescaillea
Leto
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[29] [more]
Leucactinia
Leucanthemopsis
Leucelene
Leuceria
Leuciva
Perennials (sometimes flowering in first year), 20-60+ cm. Stems erect, branching from bases and/or distally. Leaves cauline; mostly alternate; petiolate; blades lanceolate to oblanceolate, laciniately pinnately lobed, abaxial faces ± lanate, adaxial ± tomentose, both usually gland-dotted. Heads discoid or disciform, in (ebracteate) paniculiform arrays. Involucres ± hemispheric, 2-4+ mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 5+ in 1(-2) series, distinct, outer 5 herbaceous, inner 0 or scarious to membranous. Receptacles convex, epaleate. Pistillate florets 0 or 3-5; corollas whitish, tubular, or 0. Functionally staminate florets 5-12+; corollas whitish, funnelform, lobes 5, erect (filaments connate, anthers coherent or distinct). Receptacles convex, epaleate. Cypselae pyriform, ± obcompressed, densely gland-dotted; pappi 0. x = 18?[30] [more]
Leucochrysum
Leucocyclus
Leucogenes
Leucomeris
Leucomeris is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Leucopholis
Leucophyta
Leucophyta is a plant genus which is endemic to Australia. The genus was first formally described by botanist Robert Brown in 1817. [more]
Leucopsidium
Leucopsis
Leucostemma
Leunisia
Leyssera
Liabellum
Libanothamnus
Libanotis
Herbs rarely subshrubs, perennial, stout, sometimes small, rarely acaulescent. Taproot conic, unbranched, caudex simple, rarely branched, woody. Stem often strongly angled and fluted, base densely clothed with fibrous leaf remains. Basal leaves 1-4-pinnate or 1-4-pinnatisect; ultimate segments linear, ovate or lanceolate, entire or lobed. Umbels compound, terminal and lateral; bracts few to numerous or absent; rays numerous to few; bracteoles several, linear or lanceolate. Calyx teeth conspicuous, linear, triangular or elliptic. Petals white, rarely pinkish, ovate or obcordate, apex narrow, inflexed. Stylopodium low-conic, margins often undulate at the base. Fruit ovoid or oblong, slightly to moderately dorsally compressed; dorsal ribs filiform, low or prominent, acute-ridged, lateral ribs sometimes slightly broader; vittae 1-2(-3) in each furrow, 2-4 (rarely 6-8) on commissure. Seed face plane. Carpophore entire or 2-parted.[31] [more]
Lidbeckia
Lifago
Ligulariopsis
Linosyris
Linzia
Lipochaeta
Lipotriche
Lipschitziella
Lipskyella
Litogyne
Litothamnus
Llerasia
Llerasia is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Lomatolepis
Longchampia
Lophiolepis
Lophopappus
Lorandersonia
Lorentea
Loricaria
Loricaria is a genus of armored catfishes native to South America. [more]
Lourteigia
Lowellia
Loxodon
The sliteye shark (Loxodon macrorhinus) the only member of the genus Loxodon, is a shark of the family Carcharhinidae, found in the tropical waters of the Indo-West Pacific oceans between latitudes 34? N and 30? S, from depths of 7 to 100 m. Its length is up to about 95 cm. [more]
Loxothysanus
Luciliocline
Lugoa
Luina
Luina, commonly called silverback, is a small genus of perennial shrubs in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). [more]
Lundellianthus
Lundinia
Lupsia
Luteidiscus
Luthera
Lychnocephalus
Lychnophoriopsis
Lycoseris
Lycoseris is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Lyonnetia
Lyrolepis
Lysichlamys
Machlis
Macowania
Macrachaenium
Macraea
Macraea is a genus of plants in the family . [more]
Macrocarphus
Macroclinidium
Macronema
Macropodina
Macrorhynchus
Macvaughiella
Madagaster
Madaractis
Madaria
Madaroglossa
Maja
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Malacomeris
Mallotopus
Malmeanthus
Mandonia
Marasmodes
Mariana
Marschallia
Marsea
Marshalljohnstonia
Marticorenia
Maruta
Mastigophorus
Mastrucium
Mattfeldanthus
Mattfeldia
Mauranthemum
Mausolea
Mecomischus
Medicula
Medranoa
Megalodonta
Melalema
Melananthera
Melanchrysum
Melanoloma
Melarhiza
Melitella
Mendezia
Menomphalus
Meratia
Meridiana
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Merrittia
Mesadenia
Mesanthophora
Mesogramma
Mesoligus
Mesoneuris
Metabasis
Metastevia
Meteorina
Mexerion
Mexianthus
Meyera
Micractis
Microbahia
Microcalia
Microcephalum
Microchaeta
Microchaete
Microderis
Microgynella
Microlecane
Microliabum
Microlonchus
Micropsis
Annuals, 1-10 cm. Stems 1, ± erect, or 2-7, ascending to erect [decumbent]. Leaves mostly cauline; alternate; blades oblanceolate to spatulate [± linear]. Heads borne singly or in pairs in dense [loose] spiciform [axillary] arrays or second-order glomerules. Involucres 0 or inconspicuous. Phyllaries 0, vestigial, or 1-5, unequal (similar to paleae). Receptacles flat to pulvinate (heights 0-0.3 times diams.), glabrous. Pistillate paleae persistent, ± erect or incurved, yellowish to brownish; bodies with 5+ nerves (nerves ± parallel, ± prominent), obovate to oblanceolate, open most of lengths (not enclosing florets) ; wings incurved. Bisexual paleae persistent or tardily falling, 2-7, erect (somewhat enlarged) in fruit, shorter than or equal to pistillate paleae; bodies broadly lanceoloid to oblanceoloid (saccate [involute], each enclosing a floret, apices 2-3-fid [entire or erose]). Pistillate florets [2-8]15-30. Functionally staminate florets 0. Bisexual florets 2-7; corolla lobes 4[-5], equal. Cypselae ± brownish, dimorphic: pistillate obcompressed, ellipsoid to obovoid (somewhat angular), incurved, not gibbous, faces densely strigose; bisexual terete, straight, faces sparsely strigose [glabrescent]; corolla scars apical; pappi 0 (simulated by hairs of cypselae) [coroniform].[32] [more]
Microrhynchus
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[33] [more]
Microspermum
Microstephium
Mieria
Mikaniopsis
Mikaniopsis is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. [more]
Millefolium
Millotia
Minasia
Mirasolia
Miricacalia
Misbrookea
Miyamayomena
Mniodes
Mocinna
Modestia
Molina
Mollera
Molpadia
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Monactinocephalus
Monanthemum
Monencyanthes
Monenteles
Monoculus
Monogereion
Monolopia
Annuals, to 60 cm. Stems erect, branched. Leaves cauline; mostly alternate, proximal sometimes opposite; petiolate or sessile; blades narrowly oblong, oblanceolate, or lance-linear, margins sinuate-dentate or entire, faces loosely to densely woolly. Heads usually radiate (sometimes obscurely disciform in M. congdonii, usually borne singly (in corymbiform arrays in M. congdonii). Involucres hemispheric, 5-13 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 4-11 in 1 series (usually spreading, reflexed in fruit in M. congdonii, distinct or connate with distinct tips, elliptic to oblanceolate, herbaceous to membranous or indurate, bases flat or cupped, apices acute to acuminate, abaxial faces woolly, usually with black hairs toward tips). Receptacles convex to conic, smooth or pitted, glabrous, epaleate. Ray florets 4(-7, inconspicuous, corollas ± lacking laminae) or (7-) 8(-11), pistillate, fertile; corollas usually yellow, sometimes cream in M. major (each lamina opposed by an adaxial lobule or tooth). Disc florets 20-100, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow (glandular or with nonglandular hairs) ; tubes cylindric to cylindro-funnelform, about equaling gradually or abruptly dilated, narrowly to broadly funnelform throats, lobes (4-) 5, ± deltate (anther appendages usually widest at bases, glandular; style-branch appendages deltate). Cypselae obcompressed or ± prismatic, 3-angled (ray or peripheral) or 2- or 4-angled (disc) ; pappi usually 0 (persistent, of 2-4+ spatulate, erose to laciniate scales in M. congdonii). x = 13.[34] [more]
Monopholis
Monosis
Montagnaea
Monticapra
Moonia
Moquinia
Morithamnus
Morna
Morysia
Moscharia
Msuata
Mtonia
Munzothamnus
Shrubs, 100-200 cm; probably taprooted. Stems straggly (± fleshy), branched, tomentose to glabrate. Leaves cauline (tufted at ends of branches) ; petiolate; blades obovate to oblong-obovate, margins irregularly sinuate or lobulate. Heads in paniculiform arrays (at ends of branches). Peduncles not inflated, bracteolate (usually stipitate-glandular). Calyculi of 7-10, unequal, triangular to ovate bractlets (lengths to 1/2 phyllaries). Involucres cylindric, 3-5+ mm diam. Phyllaries 8-9 in ± 2 series, lanceolate to linear, margins narrowly scarious, apices obtuse to acute (often sparsely arachnose), faces glabrous or sparsely glandular-puberulent. Receptacles ± flat, pitted, glabrous, epaleate. Florets 9-12; corollas rosy to purplish. Cypselae gray-brown, cylindric, apices truncate (not beaked), faces 5, equal, each with 1-2, narrow, longitudinal lines or shallow grooves, otherwise smooth, glabrous; pappi falling, of 25-35 distinct, white, antrorsely barbellate bristles in 1 series. x = 8?[35] [more]
Muschleria
Musilia
Mussinia
Mustelia
Myconia
Myopordon
Myoseris
Myriogyne
Myripnois
Myrovernix
Myscolus
Myxopappus
Nabalus
Nablonium
Nacrea
Nananthea
Nannoglottis
Nannoseris
Nardophyllum
Nardosmia
Narduroides
Narvalina
Nauenburgia
Neblinaea
Needhamia
Neilreichia
Neja
Pinus gerardiana, known as the Chilgoza Pine(Urdu: ?????? ???? in Persian it means 40 nuts in one cone:??? ? ????), 'noosa', or 'neoza', is a pine native to the northwestern Himalaya in eastern Afghanistan, Pakistan, and northwest India, growing at elevations between 1800?3350 m. It often occurs in association with Blue Pine (Pinus wallichiana) and Deodar Cedar (Cedrus deodara). [more]
Nelsonianthus
Nemesia
Nemesia can be: [more]
Nemosenecio
Nemoseris
Neobartlettia
Neocabreria
Neoceis
Neocuatrecasia
Neohintonia
Neojeffreya
Neonesomia
Neopallasia
Neotysonia
Nephrotheca
Nesampelos
Nesomia
Nestlera
Nestotus
Neuractis
Neurolaena
Neurolakis
Nidorella
Nidorella is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Niebuhria
Nikitinia
Nippoanthemum
Nipponanthemum
Shrubs, 20-100 cm. Stems 1+, erect, branched distally, puberulent, glabrescent. Leaves cauline (mostly clustered distally on stems) ; alternate; sessile; blades oblong or spatulate to lanceolate (bases cuneate), margins distally toothed or entire, faces glabrous or hirtellous. Heads radiate, borne singly. Involucres hemispheric or broader, 15-20 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 30-50+ in ± 4 series, distinct, lanceolate, oblong, obovate, or ovate (not carinate), unequal, margins and apices scarious. Receptacles convex, epaleate. Ray florets 21-34+, pistillate, fertile; corollas white, laminae ± ovate to linear. Disc florets [50-]80-250+, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow [red or purple], tubes cylindric (not basally dilated, usually gland-dotted), throats ± campanulate, lobes 5, deltate (without resin sacs). Cypselae ± columnar, ribs 8-10 (not winged), faces probably glabrous (pericarps without myxogenic cells or resin sacs) ; pappi crowns of scales. x = 9.[36] [more]
Nivellea
Niveum
Nocca
Nordenstamia
Norlindhia
Nothacalais
Nothites
Nothobaccharis
Noticastrum
Notobasis
Notobasis syriaca (Syrian Thistle), syn. Cirsium syriacum, Cnicus syriacus), the sole species in the genus Notobasis, is a thistle-like plant in the family Asteraceae, native to the Mediterranean region and the Middle East, from Madeira, the Canary Islands, Morocco and Portugal east to Egypt, Iran and Azerbaijan. [more]
Notonia
Notoniopsis
Notoptera
Notoseris
Novaguinea
Novenia
Oaxacania
Obaejaca
Obeliscaria
Oblivia
Oblivia is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Ochrocephala
Octomeris
Odixia
Odontocline
Odontolophus
Odontospermum
Odontotrichum
Ogiera
Oglifa
Oiospermum
Oldenburgia
Oldenburgia is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Oldfeltia
Oligandra
Oliganthes
Oligogyne
Oligolepis
Oligolepis is a genus of in the Gobiidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Oligoneuron
Oligoneuron is a small genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). [more]
Oligoneurum
Oligosporus
Oligothrix
Olivaea
Olymposciadium
Aegokeras caespitosa is a species of flowering plants of the family and the only species of genus Aegokeras. It is endemism to Turkey. [more]
Omalanthus
Omalanthus is a genus of the family Euphorbiaceae and the monogeneric subtribe Carumbiinae. It comprises about 35 species. The genus is native to tropical Asia and Australia. [more]
Omalocline
Omphalopappus
Onobroma
Onopordon
Onopordum L. is a genus of about 40 species of thistles belonging to the family Asteraceae, native to Europe (mainly the Mediterranean region), northern Africa, the Canary Islands, the Caucasus, and southwest and central Asia. They grow on disturbed land, roadsides, arable land and pastures. [more]
Onotrophe
Oocephala
Ooclinium
Oparanthus
Oparanthus is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Ophyrosporus
Opisthopappus
Oporinia
Orbivestus
Oreastrum
Oreoleysera
Oreoseris
Oresbia
Oriastrum
Oribasia
Oritrophium
Oritrophium is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Ormenis
Orthopappus
Osbertia
Osmia
Mason bee is a common name for species of bees in the genus Osmia, of the family . They are named from their habit of making compartments of mud in their nests, which are made in hollow reeds or holes in wood made by wood boring insects. [more]
Osmiopsis
Osmites
Osteospermum
Osteospermum () is a genus belonging to the Calenduleae, one of the smaller tribes of the sunflower family (Asteraceae). [more]
Otanthus
Oteiza
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Othake
Othonnopsis
Otochilus
Otochlamys
Otopappus
Otospermum
Outreya
Oxycarpha
Oxylaena
Oxylepis
Oxylobus
Oxypappus
Oxytenia
Oyedaea
Pachylaena
Pachystegia
Pachysurus
Pachythamnus
Pacifigeron
Pacourina
Pacourinopsis
Paenula
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Palaeocyanus
The Maltese Rock Centaury, also known as Widnet il-Bahar, is the national plant of Malta. The plant is to the Maltese Islands. It is the only plant which has Palaeocyanus as its genus. It is quite commonly found in the limits of Wied Babu in Malta. [more]
Paleaepappus
Paleolaria
Pallenis
Pallenis is a small genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). The type species is Pallenis spinosa. The name is derived from palea (chaff), referring to the chaffy receptacle. [more]
Pamphalea
Panaetia
Panargyrum
Panargyrus
Paniopsis
Panphalea
Pappochroma
Papuacalia
Paquerina
Paracalia
Parachionolaena
Parafaujasia
Paraixeris
Paralychnophora
Paramicrorhynchus
Paramiflos
Paranephelius
Parantennaria
Parantennaria is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Parapolydora
Paraprenanthes
Parastrephia
Pascalia
Perennials, 30-100 cm (rhizomatous). Stems erect, branched ± throughout. Leaves cauline; opposite; petiolate or sessile; blades (3-nerved) lanceolate to lance-linear (widest at or proximal to middles, not notably fleshy), bases cuneate, margins entire or toothed, faces sparsely scabrous. Heads radiate, borne singly. Involucres campanulate to hemispheric, 10-15 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 20-28 in 2-3 series (linear to lance-linear, herbaceous, subequal or outer longer than inner, spreading in fruit). Receptacles hemispheric, paleate (paleae lanceolate to ovate, conduplicate, becoming papery). Ray florets 13-21, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow. Disc florets 45-90+, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow, tubes shorter than campanulate throats, lobes 5, ± deltate. Cypselae 3-angled or ± compressed and weakly 4-angled (epidermes usually thick, corky, bases without elaiosomes, apices not rostrate) ; pappi 0, or persistent, coroniform (of connate scales plus 0-2 awns). x = 33.[37] [more]
Paurolepis
Pechuel-Loeschea
Pechuel-loeschea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, and named after the German plant collector and geographer Eduard Pechu?l-Loesche. [more]
Peltidium
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Pelucha
Pelucha is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Pembertonia
Pentachaeta
Pentachaeta is a genus of the Asteraceae family; the entire genus is endemic to California. Of the six species members, at least one, Pentachaeta bellidiflora, is classified as an endangered species. The etymology of the genus name derives from Greek: Penta = five + chaeta = bristle, referring to the pappus scales of P. aurea. It was combined in Chaetopappa, but later work led to the genus being recognized as definitely separate. It is most closely related to Rigiopappus and Tracyina. [more]
Pentalepis
Pentanema
Pentatrichia
Pentatrichia is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Penthea
Perdicium
Pericalia
Pericallis
Pericallis is a small genus of about 14 species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to the Canary Islands and Madeira. The genus includes herbaceous plants and small subshrubs. In the past, the genus was often included in either Cineraria or Senecio. [more]
Perideraea
Peripleura
Peripleura is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. [more]
Perotriche
Perralderia
Persoonia
Persoonia is a genus of 98 species of shrubs and small trees in the tribe Persoonioideae in the large and diverse plant family Proteaceae. In the eastern states of Australia, they are commonly known as Geebungs, while in Western Australia and South Australia they go by the common name Snottygobbles. The generic name is in honour of Dutch mycologist and botanist Christiaan Hendrik Persoon. [more]
Perymeniopsis
Perymeniopsis is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Petalacte
Petalacte is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. [more]
Petasitis
Petradoria
Perennials ( subshrubs), 8-30 cm; taproots stout, caudices woody. Stems erect (green, becoming whitish tan with age), simple, glabrous or scabridulous, often resin-coated. Leaves basal and cauline (stiffly erect to ascending) ; alternate; (proximal crowded, bases sheathing, overlapping, persistent) proximal petiolate, progressively less so to sessile distally; blades 1-5-nerved (nerves ± parallel), linear to lanceolate or oblanceolate, cauline reduced distally, margins entire, scabrous, conspicuously raised, faces glabrous or scabrous, gland-dotted (in pits), resinous. Heads radiate, in densely crowded, corymbiform arrays. Involucres cylindric to turbinate, (5-9.5 ×) 1.3-3 mm. Phyllaries 10-21 in 3-6 series, in spiral or in nearly vertical ranks, 1-nerved (evident on distal 1 / 2 or throughout; usually weakly keeled), ovate to oblong, strongly unequal, chartaceous, margins scarious, faces glabrous, resinous. Receptacles convex, pitted (1-3 scales or awns to 1 mm sporadically present), epaleate. Ray florets 1-3, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow. Disc florets (1-) 2-4(-5), functionally staminate; corollas yellow, tubes shorter than tubular to slightly expanded distally throats, lobes 5, erect to spreading, triangular; style-branch (non-stigmatic) appendages subulate. Cypselae of ray florets oblanceoloid, cylindric to slightly compressed, 6-9-nerved, glabrous (disc ovaries 5-6-nerved) ; pappi persistent, of 30-60, tan, somewhat unequal, barbellate, apically attenuate bristles in 2-3 series. x = 9.[38] [more]
Petrodavisia
Petronia
Petronia is the name of a of sparrows, also known as rock sparrows. [more]
Peyrousea
Phacellothrix
Phacellothrix is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Phaecasium
Phaenixopus
Phaenocoma
Phaeopappus
Phaeostigma
Phaethusa
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Phaiophleps
Phalacrachena
Phalacrachena is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Phalacraea
Phalacraea is a genus of flowering plant in the Asteraceae family. [more]
Phalacrodiscus
Phalacromesus
Phaneroglossa
Phania
Philactis
Philoglossa
Philyrophyllum
Phitosia
Phonus
Phrygia
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[39] [more]
Phyllimena
Phyllocephalum
Picradenia
Picridium
Picrosia
Pietrosia
Piloselloides
Pilostemon
Pilostemon is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Pinardia
Pingraea
Pinillosia
Pionocarpus
Piora
Pippenalia
Pippenalia is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Piptolepis
Piptopogon
Piptothrix
Piqueriopsis
Pithecoseris
Pithocarpa
Pittocaulon
Plagiobasis
Plagiocheilus
Plagiocheilus is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It is currently classified in tribe Astereae, but has in the past been placed with the Anthemideae. It contains the following species: [more]
Plagiolophus
A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Plagius
Planaltoa
Planaltoa is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. [more]
Planea
Plateilema
Plateilema is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Platycarpha
Platychaeta
Platypodanthera
Platypteris
Plazia
Plecostachys
Plectocephalus
Annuals, 30-200 cm, not spiny. Stems erect, branched . Leaves basal and cauline; petiolate or sessile; blade margins entire or dentate, faces puberulent. minutely glandular-punctate. Heads radiant, borne singly or in open cymiform arrays. Peduncles fistulose. Involucres ovoid to hemispheric or campanulate, 30-60 mm diam. Phyllaries many in 8-10+ series, unequal, narrow, bodies linear, appressed, entire. apices expanded into erect to spreading, narrowly triangular, fringed appendages. Receptacles flat, epaleate, bristly. Florets many, peripheral neuter; corollas pink to purple, ± zygomorphic, elongate and expanded; inner fertile, corollas pink, purple, cream, or pale yellow, zygomorphic or actinomorphic, ± bent at junction of tubes and throats, tubes elongate, very slender, throats cylindric, lobes linear; anther bases tailed, apical appendages oblong; style branches: fused portions with minutely hairy nodes, distinct portions minute. Cypselae: basal attachment scars oblique (with small elaiosome on one side), obovoid or ± barrel-shaped. ± compressed. weakly ribbed, glabrous or puberulent with 2-celled hairs; pappi readily falling, of 1-3 series of stiff, minutely barbed bristles . x = 13.[40] [more]
Pleiacanthus
Pleiacanthus is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the aster family containing the single species Pleiacanthus spinosus (formerly Stephanomeria spinosa), which is known by the common name thorn skeletonweed, or thorny skeletonweed. It is native to the western United States from Montana and Idaho to southern California and Arizona, where it grows in many types of mostly dry habitat from deserts to mountains. It is a spindly subshrub producing several slender stems up to 40 or 50 centimeters tall from a woody caudex. The stems divide many times into short, rigid branches which narrow to sharp thorn-tips. The plant is mostly hairless except for brownish woolly tufts at the base and below the basal leaves. The leaves are small and linear on the lower stem, and reduced to scale-like growths on the upper branches. Flower heads occur near the ends of the branches. Each has a cylindrical base wrapped in one layer of phyllaries. The head contains 3 to 5 ray florets, each with an elongated tube and a pale to bright pink ligule. The fruit is an achene tipped with a cluster of pappus bristles which are not plumelike as are those of the Stephanomeria species with which this plant was once classified. [more]
Pleioblastus
Pleioblastus is a genus of monopodial bamboo. Genetic research indicates that this genus may properly be part of the genus Arundinaria. [more]
Pleiogyne
Pleiotaxis
Pleocarphus
Pleurocarpaea
Pleuropappus
Pleuropappus is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Pleurophyllum
Podachaenium
Podanthus
Podosperma
Podospermum
Podotheca
Podotheca is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. All species are endemic to Western Australia, except for Podotheca angustifolia which occurs across the south of Australia. [more]
Poecilolepis
Pogonolepis
Pogonolepis is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Pojarkovia
Pollalesta
Polyacantha
Polyachyrus
Polyactis
Polyanthina
Polyanthina is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. [more]
Polyarrhena
Polyarrhena is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. [more]
Polycalymma
Polychaetia
Polychrysum
Polydora
In , Polydora (Ancient Greek: , Polud?re) was a name attributed to several individuals: [more]
Polygyne
Polypteris
Polytaxis
Pontia
Pontia is a genus of butterflies. [more]
Porcellites
Porphyrostemma
Praxelis
Preauxia
Prestelia
Prestinaria
Printzia
Prionolepis
Prolobus
Prolongoa
Prolongoa is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Pronacron
Proteopsis
Proteopsis is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Protolepis
Proustia
Psacaliopsis
Psacaliopsis is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Psathyrotopsis
Psednotrichia
Pseudobaccharis
Pseudoblepharispermum
Pseudoblepharispermum is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Pseudobrickellia
Pseudocadiscus
Pseudoelephantopus
Pseudoglossanthis
Pseudohandelia
Pseudokyrsteniopsis
Pseudoligandra
Pseudolinosyris
Pseudonoseris
Pseudonoseris is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Pseudopiptocarpha
Pseudostifftia
Psidia
Psila
Psilochenia
Psilopogon
The Fire-tufted Barbet (Psilopogon pyrolophus) is a species of bird in the Ramphastidae family. It is monotypic within the genus Psilopogon.[] [more]
Psilothamnus
Psilothonna
Ptarmica
Pterachaenia
Pterigeron
Pterochaeta
Avatha is a genus of moths of the Noctuidae family. [more]
Pterocypsela
Pterophorus
Pteropogon
Proserpinus is a genus of moth in the Sphingidae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Pterotheca
Pterothrix
Pterygopappus
Ptilocalais
Ptilomeris
Ptiloria
Ptilostemum
Ptilostephium
Ptosimopappus
Pumilo
Punduana
Pycnocephalum
Pycnosorus
Pycnosorus is a genus of daisies. They are native to Australia where they grow in wetter conditions everywhere from sea level to the alps. The genus is found in every state of Australia, except Western Australia. The leaves form rosettes and are usually linear. They range in color from white through to grass green, and are usually covered in fine hairs. The flowers are hemispherical to spherical and are formed of tiny flowers (florets) without any surrounding ligules. [more]
Pyrethropsis
Quechualia
Quelchia
Quinetia
Quinetia is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Quinqueremulus
Rachelia
Radlkoferotoma
Railliardia
Ramtilla
Raouliopsis
Raouliopsis is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Rastrophyllum
Rastrophyllum is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Raulinoreitzia
Razumovia
Rea
Remya
Rennera
Rensonia
Resinocaulon
Revealia
Rhacoma
Rhamphogyne
Rhamphogyne is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. It belongs to the tribe of typical daisies (Astereae), and therein is placed in the subtribe by those that recognize it. This genus resembles plants from the related ragwort tribe (Senecioneae) in some respects. [more]
Rhanteriopsis
Rhanterium
Rhapontica
Rhaponticoides
Rhetinocarpha
Rhetinodendron
Rhetinolepis
Rhinactina
Rhinactinidia
Rhodanthemum
Rhodogeron
Rhynchopsidium
Rhynchopsidium is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. [more]
Rhynchospermum
Rhynchospermum is a monotypic genus of flowering plants within the daisy family, Asteraceae. It contains the single species Rhynchospermum verticillatum. The genus previously included more species, but they have since been reclassified in the Apocynaceae under the generic name Trachelospermum. Some species are used as ornamental plants. [more]
Rhynea
Rhysolepis
Rhytidanthe
Rhytidospermum
Richterago
Richteria
Ridan
Ridan, real name Nadir Kouidri (born 1975 in France), is a French singer/songwriter launched into the limelight in 2004. He is known for his in French suburbia. A recurring theme in his songs is the difficult life of Arab immigrants in France. One of his most famous and most popular songs is "Ulysse". His name is the reversal of Nadir. [more]
Riddellia
Riencourtia
Rigiopappus
Rigiopappus is a monotypic genus whose only species is Rigiopappus leptocladus. It is a flowering plant in the daisy family sometimes known as wireweed. It is an annual plant sending up slender stems terminating in small daisylike yellow flowers. It is native to the western United States. It is closely related to genus Pentachaeta. [more]
Robinsonecio
Robinsonii
Rochonia
Rodigia
Rohria
Rojasianthe
Rojasianthe is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Roodebergia
Rosenia
Rothia
Rothmaleria
Rubeckia
Ruckeria
Rudbechia
Ruilopezia
Rumfordia
Russowia
Russowia is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Rutidosis
Rydbergia
Sabazia
Sabbata
Sagmen
Salcedoa
Salmeopsis
Salviastrum
Santosia
Sarcanthemum
Sartorina
Saulcya
Scabrethia
Scalia
Schaffnera
Scherya
Scherya is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. [more]
Schischkinia
Schischkinia is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Schistocarpha
Schistostephium
Schizogyne
Schizogyne is a plant genus of s in the family Asteraceae. It was established by Alexandre de Cassini. [more]
Schizoptera
Schizotrichia
Schkuria
Schlagintweitia
Schlechtendalia
Schmalhausenia
Schmalhausenia is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Schmidtia
Schoenia
Schomburgkia
Schomburgkia is a genus of plants belonging to the family Orchidaceae. This genus is named for Richard Schomburgk, a German botanist who explored British Guiana during the 19th century. Species in this genus are either ephiphytic or lithophytic in their growth habit. According to the Royal Horticultural Society Schom. is the official abbreviation for this genus. [more]
Sciadocephala
Sciadocephala is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Scleroleima
Sclerophyllum
Sclerostephane
Scorzonella
Scorzoneroides
Hawkbits (Leontodon spp. and Scorzoneroides spp.) are dandelion-like flowers in the family Asteraceae (Compositae). Their English name derives from the medi?val belief that hawks ate the plant to improve their eyesight. Although originally native to Eurasia and North Africa, they have since become established in other countries, including the United States and New Zealand. [more]
Scrobicaria
Scyphocoronis
Sebastiana
Selleophytum
Selleophytum is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Selloa
Senecillis
Senecio
Senecio () is a genus of the daisy family (Asteraceae) that includes ragworts and groundsels. The flower heads are normally rayed, completely yellow, and the heads are borne in branched clusters. Senecio is one of the largest genera of flowering plants, and despite the separation of many species into other genera it still contains c.?1250 species of varied form, including leaf, stem and tuber succulents, annuals, perennials, aquatics, climbers, shrubs and small trees. Some species produce natural biocides (especially alkaloids) to deter or even kill animals that would eat them. [more]
Seneciodes
Seridia
Serinia
Seriola
Seriphidium
Seriphium
Seruneum
Setachna
Seubertia
Shafera
Shawia
Sheareria
Sheareria is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. [more]
Siapaea
Sideranthus
Siebera
Siegesbeckia
Siemssenia
Siloxerus
Sinacalia
Sinclairia
Sinoleontopodium
Sinoleontopodium is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Sipolisia
Sitilias
Smallanthus
Perennials [annuals, shrubs], 100-300[1200+] cm. Stems erect. Leaves cauline; opposite; petiolate (petioles usually winged) [sessile]; blades mostly deltate to ovate, usually ± palmately lobed, ultimate margins dentate to denticulate, faces hirtellous, pilosulous, or puberulent, gland-dotted (at least abaxially). Heads radiate, borne singly or (2-5) in crowded, corymbiform arrays. Involucres hemispheric, 8-15 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 12-13[-25+] in 2 series (outer 4-6 ovate to lanceolate [orbiculate], herbaceous, inner as many as rays, more membranous to scarious, narrower and shorter). Receptacles flat to convex, paleate (paleae obovate to spatulate, scarious). Ray florets 7-13[-25+], pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow [white or orange] (tubes hairy, laminae linear to elliptic [ovate]). Disc florets [20-]40-80[-150+], functionally staminate; corollas yellow [orange], tubes shorter than abruptly campanulate [funnelform] throats, lobes 5, deltate. Cypselae (obliquely inserted on receptacles, each shed separate from subtending phyllary) obovoid [quadrangular], somewhat compressed, finely 30-40-ribbed or -striate (not narrowed at bases, not apically beaked) ; pappi 0 (cypselae sometimes hairy at apices). x = 16.[41] [more]
Soaresia
Sobreyra
Sogalgina
Solanecio
Solstitiaria
Sommerfeltia
Sonchoseris
Soncus
Sondottia
Sondottia is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Sophrocattleya
Sophrocattleya (from and Sophronitis, its parent genera) is an intergeneric hybrid of orchids. The genus is abbreviated Sc in horticultural trade. [more]
Soyeria
Spadonia
Spaniopappus
Spaniopappus is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. [more]
Spanioptilon
Sparganophorus
Sparrmannia
Spathipappus
Sphacophyllum
Sphaereupatorium
Sphaerocephalus
Sphaeromorphaea
Sphaeromorphaea is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Sphenogyne
Spiralepis
Spirochaeta
Spirochaeta is a genus of bacteria classified within the phylum . [more]
Spitzelia
Squamopappus
Squamopappus is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Stachelina
Stachyanthus
Stachycephalum
Standleyanthus
Starkea
Staurochlamys
Stebbinsia
Stebbinsoseris
Annuals, 1-10 cm; taprooted. Stems 0, or erect, mostly unbranched, glabrous or lightly scurfy-puberulent. Leaves usually all basal; petiolate (petioles narrowly attenuate, usually scurfy-puberulent, especially proximally) ; blades linear to narrowly oblanceolate, bases slightly clasping, margins entire or irregularly dentate or lobed (teeth and lobes narrow, acute, straight or arcuate, faces glabrous or minutely scurfy-puberulent). Heads borne singly (often inclined in bud, erect in flowering and fruit). Peduncles not notably inflated, usually ebracteate (glabrous or ± scurfy-puberulent, especially distally). Calyculi of (3-) 4-14, deltate or ovate to lanceolate bractlets. Involucres campanulate, (3-) 5-35 mm diam. (fusiform to ovoid in fruit). Phyllaries (4-) 5-18 in ± 2 series, (green or purple) mostly lanceolate, subequal to equal, herbaceous, apices acute, faces glabrous. Receptacles flat, ± pitted, glabrous, epaleate. Florets (10-) 30-125; corollas yellow or white, outer often purplish abaxially (equaling or surpassing phyllaries by 1-3 mm). Cypselae brown, purplish gray, stramineous, or violet, sometimes purple-spotted, columnar or truncate-fusiform, not beaked, ribs 10, ± scabrellous or spiculate, faces glabrous or (on outer) strigose; pappi persistent, of 5, usually yellowish or brownish, rarely white, aristate scales (bodies straight or arcuate, lanceolate, usually glabrous, margins plane or involute. apices erose or notched, aristae shorter than to equaling bodies, barbellulate). x = 18.[42] [more]
Stechmannia
Steiractinia
Steirodiscus
Steiroglossa
Stemmacantha
Stemmatella
Stemmodontia
Stengelia
Stenocarpha
Stenocephalum
Stenocline
Stenophyllum
Stenops
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[43] [more]
Stenoseris
Stenotheca
Stenotus
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[44] [more]
Stephanochilus
Stephanodoria
Stephanolepis
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[45] [more]
Steviopsis
Steyermarkina
Stictophyllum
Stilpnogyne
Stilpnolepis
Stilpnolepis is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Stilpnopappus
Stilpnophyton
Stilpnophytum
Stobaea
Stoechas
Stomatanthes
Stomatochaeta
Stramentopappus
Stramentopappus is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Strongyloma
Strongylosperma
Strophopappus
Strotheria
Stuckertiella
Stuessya
Stuessya is a genus of flowering plants that is in the daisy family. [more]
Stylolepis
Stylopappus
Stylotrichium
Suprago
Susanna
Swammerdamia
Sylibum
Symphyglossum
Symphyllocarpus
Symphyochaeta
Synandrospadix
Syncalathium
Syncarpha
Syncarpha is a genus of some 28 species of herbaceous flowering plants in the daisy family Asteraceae. The flowers are known by the common name: Everlastings. The genus is endemic to the fynbos of the Eastern and Western Cape in South Africa. [more]
Syncephalum
Synchaeta
Synchodendron
Syncretocarpus
Synedrellopsis
Syneilesis
Synosma
Synurus
Syreitschikovia
Syreitschikovia is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Taeckholmia
Tafalla
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Takhtajaniantha
Talamancalia
Talamancalia is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Tamania
Tamania is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Tamaulipa
Shrubs, (100-) 200-300 cm (sometimes subscandent, climbing and sprawling over other plants). Stems erect or clambering, intricately branched (often brittle, glabrous or nearly so, not viscid). Leaves cauline; opposite; petiolate; blades usually 3-nerved from bases, deltate, margins toothed, faces puberulent to velutinous (not gland-dotted). Heads discoid, in corymbiform arrays. Involucres obconic to hemispheric, 5-7 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 30-35 in 2-3+ series, obscurely nerved, lanceolate to subulate, unequal (herbaceous to chartaceous or membranous). Receptacles convex to conic, epaleate. Florets 30-50+; corollas usually blue to lavender, sometimes white, throats narrowly funnelform (lengths 1.5-2 times diams.) ; styles: bases not enlarged, glabrous, branches linear-filiform. Cypselae prismatic, 5-6-ribbed, sparsely scabrellous; pappi persistent, of ca. 35 barbellate bristles in 1 series. x = 10.[46] [more]
Taplinia
Tassilago
Tecmarsis
Tehuana
Teixeiranthus
Telanthophora
Telmatophila
Tenrhynea
Tenrhynea is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. [more]
Tessaria
Tessenia
Tetracarpum
Tetrachyron
Tetrachyron is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Tetraheuris
Tetranthus
Tetraperone
Tetraperone is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Tetrodus
Thaminophyllum
Thaminophyllum is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Thamnoseris
Theodorea
Thespidium
Thespidium is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Thespis
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Thiseltonia
Thiseltonia is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Thomsonii
Thorncroftia
Thrincia
Thuraria
Thymopsis
Thyrsanthema
Thysanurus
Tiarocarpus
Tibestina
Tietkensia
Tilesia
Toiyabea
Tolbonia
Tomanthea
Tomentaurum
Tostimontia
Tourneuxia
Townsendia
Townsendia is a genus of known commonly as Townsend daisies. These annual and perennial wildflowers are native to western North America. They are typical daisies in appearance, with flower heads in shades of pink, purple, blue, white, and yellow. [more]
Toxacanthus
Toxanthes
Tragoceros
Trallesia
Traversia
Trepadonia
Triachne
Tricarpha
Trichanthodium
Trichanthodium is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Trichocline
Trichocoryne
Trichocoryne is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Trichocrepis
Trichogoniopsis
Trichogyne
Trichophyllum
Trigonospermum
Trimorpha
Trineuron
Triniteurybia
Trioncinia
Triplocentron
Triplocephalum
Triplocephalum is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Triplochlamys
Triplotaxis
Triptilion
Triptilodicus
Triptilodiscus
Tritonia
Tritonia refers to a genus. The name derives from the god Triton. It may refer to: [more]
Trochoseris
Troglophyton
Troglophyton is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. [more]
Troximon
Tuberculocarpus
Tuberostyles
Tuberostylis
Tugarinovia
Tugarinovia is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Turaniphytum
Turaniphytum is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Turczaninovia
Tuxtla
Tylecodon
Tylecodon is a genus of in family Crassulaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]
Tyleropappus
Tylloma
Tyrimnus
Tysonia
Tzvelevopyrethrum
Ubiaea
Ucacou
Uechtritzia
Uechtritzia is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Ugamia
Ugamia is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Uhdea
Uleophytum
Uleophytum is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family, Asteraceae. [more]
Ulina
Unamia
Uncasia
Unxia
Urbananthus
Urbanisol
Urbinella
Urmenetea
Uropappus
Uropappus is a monotypic genus belonging to the family Asteraceae. Its only member (Uropappus lindleyi) is commonly known as silverpuffs. [more]
Urostemon
Vanillosmopsis
Vargasia
Varthemia
Vasargia
Vasquezia
Vellereophyton
Vermifuga
Vernoniastrum
Vernoniopsis
Vernoniopsis is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Viborgia
Vicoa
Vieraea
Vigethia
Vigethia is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Vigolina
Vilaria
Villanova
Villanova (Latin, "new villa") may refer to [more]
Villasenoria
Vilobia
Virea
Virginea
Virgulus
Vittadinia
Vittetia
Vladimiria
Volkensia
Volutarella
Volutaria is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family (Asteraceae). They range from Iberia to the Near East and East Africa, but are most diverse in the Maghreb. [more]
Waitzia
Waitzia ( Morna Lindl.) is a genus of everlasting-daisy from the family Asteraceae. The genus is native to Australia, where it grows in Western Australia, the Northern Territory, New South Wales, Victoria and South Australia. [more]
Waldheimia
Wamalchitamia
Wardaster
Warionia
Webbia
Welwitschiella
Welwitschiella is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Westoniella
Wibelia
Wiborgia
Wiborgia is an African genus of the family Fabaceae. It was named for Erik Viborg by Carl Peter Thunberg. [more]
Wiestia
Wilborgia
Wildpretia
Wilkesia
Willdenowa
Willemetia
Willoughbya
Willugbaeya
Wirtgenia
Wollastonia
Woodvillea
Wootonia
Wuerschmittia
Wulffia
Wyomingia
X Solidaster
Xanthisma
Annuals, biennials, perennials, or subshrubs, 3-100 cm (taprooted, caudices woody, much branched [rhizomes]). Stems erect, spreading, or sprawling, often much branched, glabrous or hispid to hispidulous, villous, or stipitate-glandular (especially distally). Leaves: basal (sometimes persistent) and cauline; short-petiolate or sessile; blades 1-nerved, lanceolate to oblanceolate or spatulate (bases tapering to clasping), margins entire, serrate, dentate, pinnatifid, or 2-pinnatifid (apices of blades, lobes, and teeth apiculate to bristle-tipped, bristles 1-4 mm), faces usually glabrous, hispid, hispidulous, or villous, sometimes also stipitate-glandular. Heads radiate or discoid, borne singly or in corymbiform arrays. Involucres turbinate, campanulate, or hemispheric, (4-10 ×) 6-25 mm. Phyllaries 26-80+ in 2-8 series, appressed, spreading, or reflexed, 1-nerved (flat to rounded), linear to narrowly oblong or lanceolate, or enlarged distally into ovate to orbiculate or depressed-elliptic laminae, unequal, stiff, leathery, bases indurate, margins sometimes scarious, (apices herbaceous or achlorophyllous) faces hispid to hispidulous, villous, and/or stipitate-glandular. Receptacles flat to convex, pitted (pit borders usually laciniate or irregularly bristly, the teeth or setae 0.1-2+ mm), epaleate. Ray florets 0 (in X. grindelioides and 2 Mexican taxa) or 12-60+, pistillate, fertile; corollas white, pink, red-purple, purple, or yellow. Disc florets 15-200+, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow, tubes length 1 / 4 - 1 / 3 ± funnelform throats (usually glabrous), lobes 5, spreading, triangular (glabrous or sparsely puberulent, hairs fine, antrorse) ; style-branch appendages lanceolate. Cypselae distinctly dimorphic (tan to red-brown or purple), ellipsoid to obovoid, oblong, or obscurely cordate, those of rays (if present) ± 3-sided, rounded abaxially, of disc compressed (thin or thick walled), 6-18-ribbed, faces silky (hairs antrorsely ascending to appressed) ; pappi persistent, of 30-90+ usually whitish to brown or reddish brown, basally flattened (wider at overlapping bases), coarsely barbellate, apically attenuate bristles in 2-4 series. x = (2, 3, 4) 5.[47] [more]
Xanthochrysum
Xanthocoma
Xanthopappus
Xanthopappus is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family. [more]
Xanthophthalmum
Xanthopsis
Xenismia
Xenocarpus
Xenophontia
Xenophyllum
Xenophyllum is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]
Xerolekia
Xeroloma
Xerothamnus
Xerotium
Xerxes
Xerxes is a male name. Most notably, it may refer to Xerxes I of Persia (reigned 485?465 BCE). It may also refer to: [more]
Xiphochaeta
Xylanthemum
Xylovirgata
Xyridanthe
Xyridopsis
Yunquea
Yushania
Yushania is a genus with 6 species of spreading thornless bamboos. They are found in the Himalaya at moderate to high altitudes, up to 3000 m but usually lower, and in Taiwan and Africa. They are evergreen and reach 2 to 10 m tall. [more]
Zacintha
Zaluzania
Perennials or subshrubs [shrubs], 30-80[-250+] cm. Stems erect, branched. Leaves cauline; mostly alternate (proximal sometimes opposite) ; petiolate; blades deltate to cordate [ovate to lanceolate], sometimes ± palmately 3-lobed [dissected], ultimate margins [entire] toothed, faces ± strigillose [often whitened with close-set hairs] and/or gland-dotted. Heads radiate [discoid], in loose, corymbiform [paniculiform] arrays. Involucres hemispheric, 4-8 mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 10-25 in 2-3+ series (distinct, lanceolate to linear, subequal, ± herbaceous). Receptacles convex to conic, paleate (paleae often greenish, ± conduplicate, herbaceous to scarious, entire or 3-toothed). Ray florets [0 or 4-]8-10, pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow (laminae often with 9-12+ brownish nerves). Disc florets 30-100+, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow, tubes shorter than or about equaling cylindric to urceolate throats (bases of tubes often dilated over tops of ovaries and/or cypselae), lobes 5, ± deltate. Cypselae (blackish) ± compressed [clavate to prismatic, ± 3-4-angled], often arcuate, glabrous [hairy]; pappi 0 (ray and disc) [of 3-8, subulate to setiform scales or bristles (ray) ]. x = 17, 18.[48] [more]
Zandera
Zarabellia
Zazintha
Zemisia
Zemisne
Zexemenia
Zeyheria
Zeyheria is a genus of in family Bignoniaceae. [more]
Zingeria
Zollikoferia
Zollikoferiastrum
Zonanthemis
Zoutpansbergia
Zycona
Zyzyxia
Zyzyxia lundellii is a species of tropical shrub in the plant family Asteraceae. [more]
More info about the Genus Zyzyxia may be found here.
References
- ^ Scott, L.; Cadman, A; McMillan, I (2006). "Early history of Cainozoic Asteraceae along the Southern African west coast". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 142: 47. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.07.010.
- ^ Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). "Family: Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl, nom. cons.". Taxonomy for Plants. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/family.pl?110. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
- ^ a b c d e f g Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards) Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 9, June 2008 http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/welcome.html
- ^ a b Panero, J.L., Crozier, B.S. Tree of Life - Asteraceae http://tolweb.org/A steraceae/20780
- ^ a b Barkely, T.M., Brouillet, L., Strother, J.L. (2006) Flora of North America - Asteraceae" http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=10074
- ^ Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Aster. http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/aster
- ^ International Code of Botanical Nomenclature - Article 18.5 http://ibot.sav.sk/icbn/main.htm
- ^ Solbrig, O.T. (1963) Subfamilial Nom enclature of Compositae. Taxon 12: 229-235 http://www.jstor.org/pss/1216917
- ^ Panero, J.L., Funk, V.A. (2002) Toward a phylogenetic subfamilial classification for the Compositae (Asteraceae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 115: 909-922.
- ^ a b c d Judd, W.S., Campbell, C.S., Kellogg, E.A., Stevens, P.F. (2007) Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland.
- ^ Usher, G. (1966) A dictionary of botany, including terms used in bio-chemistry, soil science, and statistics. LCCN 66 0 25447
- ^ McKenzie, R.J., Samuel, J., Muller, E.M., Skinner, A.K.W., Barker, N.P. (2005). "Morphology Of Cypselae In Subtribe Arctotidinae (Compositae?Arctotideae) And Its Taxonomic Implications". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 92 (4): 569?594. http://apt.allenpress.com/aptonline/?request=get-abstract&issn=0026-6493&volume=092&issue=04&page=0569.
- ^ Odom, R.B., James, W.D., Berger, T.G. (2000). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. W.B. Saunders Company. pp. 1135 pages. ISBN 0721658326.
- ^ Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America. Ragweed Allergy. http://www.aafa.org/display.cfm?id=9&sub=19&cont=267
Bibliography
- Anderson, L. C. 1963. Studies on Petradoria (Compositae): Anatomy, cytology, taxonomy. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 66: 632-684.
- Baldwin, B. G. and D. W. Kyhos. 1990. A systematic and biogeographic review of Raillardiopsis [Raillardella] muirii, with special reference to a disjunct California Coast Range population. Madroño 37: 4354.
- Beauverd, G. 1913b. Contribution à létude des Composées, suite VIII. IV. Le genre Micropsis DC. (emend. Beauverd). Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, sér. 2, 5: 221228.
- Ellison, W. L. 1964. A systematic study of the genus Bahia (Compositae). Rhodora 66: 67-86; 177-215; 281-311.
- Keck, D. D. 1949. Hemizonella becomes a Madia. Madrono 10: 22.
- Miranda Ribeiro, Bol. Mus. Nac. Rio de Janeiro, 12: 19, 42
- Pandey, A. K., S. Chopra, and R. P. Singh. 1986. Development and structure of seeds and fruits in Compositae: Cosmos species. J. Indian Bot. Soc. 65: 362-368.
- Roalson, E. H. and K. W. Allred. 1998. A clarification of Centaurea americana and Centaurea rothrockii (Compositae: Cardueae). New Mexico Botanist 7: 3-5.
- Robinson, H. 1978. Studies in the Heliantheae (Asteraceae). XII. Re-establishment of the genus Smallanthus. Phytologia 39: 47-53.
- Schilling, E. E. 1990. Taxonomic revision of Viguiera subg. Bahiopsis (Asteraceae: Heliantheae). Madrono 37: 149-170.
- Sherff, E. E. 1955. Cosmos. In: N. L. Britton et al., eds. 1905+. North American Flora. 47+ vols. New York. Ser. 2, part. 2, pp. 130-146.
- Shinners, L. H. 1951. The Texas species of Evax (Compositae). Field & Lab. 19: 125-126.
- Tanowitz, B. D. 1982. Taxonomy of Hemizonia sect. Madiomeris (Asteraceae: Madiinae). Syst. Bot. 7: 314-339.
- Turner, B. L. 1988. A new species of, and observations on, the genus Smallanthus (Asteraceae-Heliantheae). Phytologia 64: 405-409.
- Venkatesh, C. S. 1958. A cyto-genetic and evolutionary study of Hemizonia section Centromadia (Compositae). Evolution 39: 1236-1241.
- Wagner, Schreber's Säugthiere, 7: 281, 352
Footnotes
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Acoma&search=Search
- John L. Strother "Amauriopsis". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 364, 366, 383, 392, 393. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Bruce G. Baldwin, John L. Strother "Anisocarpus". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 255, 299, 300. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Edward E. Schilling "Bahiopsis". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 136, 173, 174, 175. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- John C. Semple "Bradburia". in Flora of North America Vol. 20 Page 10, 14, 211, 214. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Guy L. Nesom "Brickelliastrum". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 461, 507, 509. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Bruce G. Baldwin, John L. Strother "Carlquistia". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 255, 298, 302, 303. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Bruce G. Baldwin, John L. Strother "Centromadia". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 254, 255, 256, 276, 277, 280, 291. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- John L. Strother "Chorisiva". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 9, 25, 31. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Bruce G. Baldwin, John L. Strother "Constancea". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 336, 353, 362, 363. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Robert W. Kiger "Cosmos". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 184, 203. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Lowell E. Urbatsch, Roland P. Roberts, Kurt M. Neubig "Cuniculotinus". in Flora of North America Vol. 20 Page 6, 100, 101, 171, 188. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- John L. Strother "Cyclachaena". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 9, 25, 28. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Bruce G. Baldwin, John L. Strother "Deinandra". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 256, 276, 280, 283, 287, 291. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- James D. Morefield "Diaperia". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 26, 388, 460, 461. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- John L. Strother "Dicoria". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 8, 9, 24. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- David R. Morgan "Dieteria". in Flora of North America Vol. 20 Page 8,12, 13, 19, 394, 395, 396, 402. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- http://www.ubio.org/browser/details.php?namebankID=112686
- David J. Keil "Engelmannia". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 65, 87. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Guy L. Nesom "Gymnosperma". in Flora of North America Vol. 20 Page 6, 94, 95. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- John L. Strother "Hedosyne". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 9, 25, 30. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Bruce G. Baldwin, John L. Strother "Hemizonella". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 255, 296, 297, 304. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Luc Brouillet "Herrickia". in Flora of North America Vol. 20 Page 7,19, 361, 362, 365. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Luc Brouillet "Hulteniella". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 31, 48, 489, 534, 536. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- John L. Strother "Ismelia". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 30, 488, 552. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- John L. Strother "Jamesianthus". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 364, 365, 377. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Bruce G. Baldwin, John L. Strother "Jensia". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 255, 300, 301, 302. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Bruce G. Baldwin, John L. Strother "Kyhosia". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 255, 295, 296, 297, 300, 303. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Leto&search=Search
- John L. Strother "Leuciva". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 9, 25, 29. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Sheh Meng-lan, Michael G. Pimenov, Eugene V. Kljuykov, Mark F. Watson "Libanotis". in Flora of China Vol. 14 Page 117. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- James D. Morefield "Micropsis". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 26, 385, 388, 457, 463, 464. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- http://www.ubio.org/browser/details.php?namebankID=113056
- Dale E. Johnson "Monolopia". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 335, 336, 349. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- L. D. Gottlieb "Munzothamnus". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 218, 349, 360. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- John L. Strother "Nipponanthemum". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 488, 555. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- John L. Strother "Pascalia". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 65, 67, 131. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Lowell E. Urbatsch, Roland P. Roberts, Kurt M. Neubig "Petradoria". in Flora of North America Vol. 20 Page 5, 7, 101, 108, 168, 171, 173. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Phrygia&search=Search
- David J. Keil "Plectocephalus". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 57, 84, 175, 176, 182. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- John L. Strother "Smallanthus". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 33. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Kenton L. Chambers "Stebbinsoseris". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 217, 218, 322, 338, 346, 347. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- http://www.ubio.org/browser/details.php?namebankID=113502
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Stenotus&search=Search
- http://www.ubio.org/browser/details.php?namebankID=117909
- Guy L. Nesom "Tamaulipa". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 461, 462, 480. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Ronald L. Hartman "Xanthisma". in Flora of North America Vol. 20 Page 6,7, 8, 10, 15, 17, 383, 384, 394, 402. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- John L. Strother "Zaluzania". in Flora of North America Vol. 21 Page 63. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- ^ International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
- ^ a b c d Judd & al., Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach
- ^ a b c d Stevens, P.F., Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
- ^ Usher, 1966
- ^ R. J. McKenzie, J. Samuel, E. M. Muller, A. K. W. Skinner, and N. P. Barker (December 2005). "MORPHOLOGY OF CYPSELAE IN SUBTRIBE ARCTOTIDINAE (COMPOSITAE–ARCTOTIDEAE) AND ITS TAXONOMIC IMPLICATIONS". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 92 (4): 569–594.
- ^ Odom & al., 2000
- ^ Ragweed Allergy
Sources
- The text on this page is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It includes material from Wikipedia retrieved Wednesday, April 25, 2012.
- The distribution map on the Distribution tab comes from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and is used with permission.
- Photographs on this page are copyrighted by individual photographers, and individual copyrights apply.
- The technology underlying this page, including the controls behind Keep Exploring, is owned by the BayScience Foundation. All rights are reserved.