Overview
Small to arborescent bamboos, spreading or loosely clumped. Rhizomes leptomorph. Culms diffuse to pluricaespitose, suberect to drooping, 1-7(-13) m tall, 0.5-4(-6) cm thick; internodes terete to flattened on one side above branches. Branch buds tall, with or without promontory, within 2-keeled prophyll, always open at front. Branches (1 or) 2-5(-7), subequal. Lateral branch axes always s ubtended by sheaths, without replication of lateral branches. Culm sheaths deciduous to persistent, blade u sually recurved or reflexed, lanceolate, articulate. Leaf sheaths persistent; blade oblong-lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate, small to medium-sized, without marginal necrosis in winter, arrangement random, transverse veins distinct. Inflorescence an open panicle or raceme, flowering branches usually subtended by tiny bracts. Spikelets several to many flowered, slender; rachilla internodes extended, disarticulating. Glumes 1 or 2, mucronate; lemma similar to glumes; palea 2-keeled, apex obtuse; lodicules 3. Stamens 3; filaments free, slender; anthers yellow. Style usually very short; stigmas 2 or 3, plumose. Caryopsis dry, oblong. New shoots May-Jun.
About eight species: SW China, E Himalayas, Vietnam, SE United States; five species (four endemic) in China.
In FRPS (9(1), 1996), Arundinaria was considered a unispecific, North American genus with no Asian representatives at all. A much broader treatment of the genus has also been advocated by several authors. In this treatment the morphologically closest Asian species under Arundinaria, those from Bashania and Sarocalamus, are included. Arundinaria subg. Arundinaria d iffers in its persistent culm sheaths and larger florets and is restricted to the SE United States.[1]
Photos
Taxonomy
- Domain: Eukaryota
Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae
Haeckel, 1866
- Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae
Cavalier-Smith, 1981 - Green Plants
- Phylum: Tracheophyta
Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
- Subphylum: Euphyllophytina
- Infraphylum: Radiatopses
Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class: Liliopsida
Scopoli, 1760 - Monocotyledons
- Subclass: Commelinidae
Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder: Poanae
(Small, 1903) Takhtajan, 1997 Ex Reveal & Doweld, 1999
- Order: Poales
Small, 1903
- Family: Poaceae
(poh-AY-see-ee)
(R. Brown) Barnhart, 1895
- Subfamily: Bambusoideae
- Tribe: Bambuseae
- Genus: Arundinaria (ar-run-din-NAY-ree-a) Michaux, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 73. 1803.
- Tribe: Bambuseae
- Subfamily: Bambusoideae
- Family: Poaceae
(poh-AY-see-ee)
(R. Brown) Barnhart, 1895
- Order: Poales
Small, 1903
- Superorder: Poanae
(Small, 1903) Takhtajan, 1997 Ex Reveal & Doweld, 1999
- Subclass: Commelinidae
Takhtajan, 1967
- Class: Liliopsida
Scopoli, 1760 - Monocotyledons
- Infraphylum: Radiatopses
Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Subphylum: Euphyllophytina
- Phylum: Tracheophyta
Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
- Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae
Cavalier-Smith, 1981 - Green Plants
- Kingdom: Plantae
Haeckel, 1866
The Genus Arundinaria is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 265 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in the Genus Arundinaria: A. 'Wang Tsai' · A. actinotricha · A. acuminata · A. acutissima · A. agrestis · A. aikawensis · A. akiensis · A. albomarginata · A. alpina · A. amabilis (Tonkin Cane) · A. amara · A. ambositrensis · A. amoena · A. amplissima · A. anceps · A. anceps 'Pitt White' · A. andropogonoides · A. angustifolia · A. appalachiana · A. argenteostriata · A. aristata · A. aristulata · A. armata · A. arvensis · A. atropurpurea · A. attenuata · A. auricoma · A. babataneyosiana · A. bambusina · A. basigibbosa · A. baviensis · A. bitchuensis · A. borealis · A. brevipaniculata · A. brevipes · A. brilletii · A. burchellii · A. callosa · A. cannavieira · A. cantorii · A. capillifolia · A. cappattama · A. caudiceps · A. chartacea · A. chikatsuafumiana · A. chinensis · A. chino · A. chino 'Elegantissimus' · A. chino f. angustifolia · A. chrysantha · A. chungii · A. ciliata · A. clarkei · A. coboni · A. cobonii · A. communis · A. cubensis · A. cuspidata · A. debilis · A. deflexa · A. densiflora · A. densifolia · A. distans · A. disticha · A. distichophylla · A. dolichantha · A. dumetosa · A. dushanensis · A. effusa · A. elegans · A. elegantissima · A. epitricha · A. excelsa · A. exsaniosa · A. faberi · A. falcata · A. falconeri · A. fangiana · A. fargesii · A. fastuosa · A. ferax · A. fimbriata · A. fischeri · A. flabellata · A. flexuosa · A. floribunda · A. forrestii · A. fortunei · A. gigantea (Canebrake Bamboo) · A. gigantea gigantea (Switch Cane) · A. gigantea subsp. tecta (Switchcane) · A. gigantea tecta (Switch Cane) · A. gigantea var. gigantea · A. gigantea var. tecta · A. glaucescens · A. glaziovii · A. glaziovii var. glaziovii · A. goyazensis · A. gracilipes · A. gracillima · A. graminea · A. griffithiana · A. haenkei · A. hashimotoi · A. hebechlamys · A. hidaensis · A. hindsii · A. hindsii 'Yasui' · A. hirsuta · A. hirtula · A. hisauchii · A. hookeriana · A. hsienchuensis · A. humbertii · A. humilis · A. ibityensis · A. intermedia · A. interrupta · A. japonica · A. jaunsarensis · A. kariwaensis · A. khasiana · A. kinkiensis · A. kodzumae · A. kokantsik · A. kongosanensis · A. kumasasa · A. kunishii · A. kurilensis · A. latifolia · A. leucorhoda · A. lima (Hainan Bamboo Cane) · A. linearis · A. longiaurita · A. longiflora · A. longifolia · A. lubrica · A. macabensis · A. macclureana · A. macrosperma · A. macrostachya · A. maculata · A. maculosa · A. madagascariensis · A. mairei · A. maling · A. mannii · A. marmorea · A. marojejyensis · A. masamuneana · A. matsunoi · A. maximowiczii · A. megalothyrsa · A. melanostachys · A. metake · A. microphylla · A. moreheadiana · A. mucronata · A. multiflora · A. multispicata · A. munsuensis · A. muramatsuana · A. murielae · A. murielae 'Simba' · A. musashiensis · A. nagashima · A. naibunensis · A. nana · A. narihira · A. niitakayamensis · A. nipponica · A. nitida · A. nobilis · A. oedogonata · A. oleosa · A. owatarii · A. palmata · A. paniculata · A. paraguayensis · A. parviflora · A. patula · A. pauciflora · A. pedalis · A. perrieri · A. petelotii · A. phalerata · A. pittieri · A. pleniculmis · A. polystachya · A. prainii · A. prestoei · A. pseudamabilis · A. pubescens · A. pubiflora · A. pumila · A. purpurascens · A. pusilla · A. pygmaea (Pygmy Bamboo) · A. pygmaea var. disticha · A. qingchengshanensis · A. quadrangularis · A. racemosa · A. radiata · A. ragamowskii · A. ramosa · A. rhizantha · A. rigidula · A. rolloana · A. sadoensis · A. sasakiana · A. sat · A. scabriflora · A. scandens · A. schmidiana · A. schomburgkii · A. setigera · A. shiobarensis · A. shiuyingiana · A. simoni · A. simonii (Simon Bamboo) · A. simonii 'Heterophyllus' · A. simonii 'Variegata' · A. simonii variegata · A. sinica · A. sodiroana · A. sparsiflora · A. spathacea · A. spathiflora · A. spongiosa · A. standleyi · A. stolonifera · A. suberecta · A. sulcata · A. szechuanensis · A. tashirozentaroana · A. tecta · A. tecta var. colorata · A. tecta var. decidua · A. tecta var. distachya · A. tenuifolia · A. tesselata · A. tessellata · A. tolange · A. tootsik · A. trianae · A. ulei · A. usawai · A. utilis · A. vagans · A. vaginata · A. variabilis · A. variegata (Dwarf White-Stripe Bamboo) · A. veitchii · A. verticillata · A. virens · A. viridi-striata · A. viridi-striatus (Kumurozasa Bamboo) · A. viridistriata · A. viridistriata 'Auricoma' · A. viscosa · A. walkeriana · A. wardii · A. wightiana · A. wilsonii
Footnotes
- Zheng-de Zhu, De-Zhu Li & Chris Stapleton "Arundinaria". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 9, 112. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
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