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Aralioideae

(Subfamily)

Overview

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The subfamily Aralioideae contains around 50 recognized genera. These include the genus Panax, to which ginseng belongs. Other notable species are the (Devil's Walking-stick, Aralia spinosa), the Devil's Club (Oplopanax horridus), or Common Ivy (Hedera helix).

They are traditionally divided into a number of tribes. More recently it has turned out that the Aralieae and Schefflerieae were not accurately delimited. However, with moving some genera around, monophyly of each taxon can probably be achieved. Splitting the Panaceae from the Aralieae is rejected by the current state of knowledge, and whether the Schefflerieae can be accurately subdivided into the Plerandreae and Tetraplasandreae is at least highly doubtful. The Mackinlayeae seem to form a smaller and more basal lineage, but many other genera still await study.

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Aralieae

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Schefflerieae

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Placement unresolved

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he subfamily Aralioideae contains around 50 recognized genera. These include the genus Panax, to which ginseng belongs. Other notable species are the (Devil's Walking-stick, Aralia spinosa), the Devil's Club (Oplopanax horridus), or Common Ivy (Hedera helix).

< p>They are traditionally divided into a number of tribes. More recently it has turned out that the Aralieae and Schefflerieae were not accurately delimited. However, with moving some genera around, monophyly of each taxon can probably be achieved. Splitting the Panaceae from the Aralieae is rejected by the current state of knowledge, and whether the Schefflerieae can be accurately subdivided into the Plerandreae and Tetraplasandreae is at least highly doubtful. The Mackinlayeae seem to form a smaller and more basal lineage, but many other genera still await study.

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Aralieae

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Schefflerieae

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Placement unresolved

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References

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Taxonomy

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The Subfamily Aralioideae is a member of the Family Araliaceae. Here is the complete "parentage" of Aralioideae:

The Subfamily Aralioideae is further organized into finer groupings including:

Genera

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Acanthopanax

Eleutherococcus is a genus of 38 species of thorny shrubs and trees in the family Araliaceae. They are native to eastern Asia, from southeast Siberia and Japan south to the Philippines, with the greatest diversity in central and western China. Some species, notably E. senticosus (Siberian ginseng), are used for herbal medicine. Several species are also grown as ornamental garden shrubs. Several dietary substances contain Eleutherococcus senticosis. Members of this Genus may have certain qualities similar to the ginsengs, though further scientific study is needed. [more]

Aralia

Trees, small, or shrubs, prickly, or unarmed, rhizomatous herbs, andromonoecious or hermaphroditic. Leaves 1-3-pinnately compound, rachis articulate; leaflets 3-20, entire to serrate, serrulate, crenate, or undulate; stipules connate with petioles at base. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, paniculate, corymbose or umbellate, usually consisting of umbels, capitula, or racemes, occasionally umbels solitary. Pedicels articulate below ovary. Calyx rim 5-dentate. Petals 5, imbricate. Stamens 5. Ovary 5(or 6) -carpellate, occasionally aborted to 3; styles 5, distinct or connate at base. Fruit a berry, ± globose, sometimes 3-5-angular. Seeds laterally compressed; endosperm uniform.[1] [more]

Arthrophyllum

Arthrophyllum is a genus of plant of family Araliaceae comprising 30 accepted species. [more]

Astrotricha

Astrotricha are shrubs of the family Araliaceae. It comprises 20 species. [more]

Boerlagiodendron

Osmoxylon is a of flowering plant of family Araliaceae, comprising 60 species. [more]

Brassaiopsis

Brassaiopsis is a genus of shrubs of family Araliaceae. It includes about 25 species, distributed in Asia from the Himalaya through China, Vietnam, Thailand to Indonesia. There are 41 species. [more]

Cephalaralia

Cephalaralia cephalobotrys is a species of vine of the family Araliaceae, endemic to Australia. It is the only member of genus Cephalaralia. [more]

Cheirodendron

Cheirodendron is a genus of flowering plant in the ivy family, Araliaceae. All six species in the genus are endemic to Polynesia. The five Hawaiian species are generally called olapa, and occur in wet forests on all major islands as well as some mesic forests, such as . [more]

Cussonia

Cussonia is a genus of plants of family Araliaceae, represented by 20 species. It originated in Africa and has its center of distribution in South Africa and Madagascar. [more]

Dendropanax

Dendropanax is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araliaceae, consisting of 92 species of evergreen trees and shrubs. They are native to Central and South America, eastern Asia and the Malay Peninsula. [more]

Didymopanax

Schefflera () is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araliaceae. The plants are trees, shrubs or lianas, growing 1?30 metres (3 ft 3 in?98 ft 5 in) tall, with woody stems and palmately compound leaves. The circumscription of the genus has varied greatly. Phylogenetic studies have shown that the widely-used broad circumscription as a pantropical genus of over 700 species is polyphyletic, but it remains to be seen how this will affect the classification of the genus. [more]

Dizygotheca

Schefflera () is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araliaceae. The plants are trees, shrubs or lianas, growing 1?30 metres (3 ft 3 in?98 ft 5 in) tall, with woody stems and palmately compound leaves. The circumscription of the genus has varied greatly. Phylogenetic studies have shown that the widely-used broad circumscription as a pantropical genus of over 700 species is polyphyletic, but it remains to be seen how this will affect the classification of the genus. [more]

Eleutherococcus

Eleutherococcus is a genus of 38 species of thorny shrubs and trees in the family Araliaceae. They are native to eastern Asia, from southeast Siberia and Japan south to the Philippines, with the greatest diversity in central and western China. Some species, notably E. senticosus (Siberian ginseng), are used for herbal medicine. Several species are also grown as ornamental garden shrubs. [more]

Eremopanax

Arthrophyllum is a of plant of family Araliaceae comprising 30 accepted species. [more]

Fatsia

Fatsia is a small genus of three species of evergreen shrubs native to southern Japan and Taiwan. They have stout, sparsely branched stems bearing spirally-arranged, large leathery, palmately lobed leaves 20-50 cm in width, on a petiole up to 50 cm long, and small creamy-white flowers in dense terminal compound umbels in late autumn or early winter, followed by small black fruit. [more]

Gamblea

Gamblea is a genus of plants of family Araliaceae, comprising four species. It originally comprised a single species, Gamblea ciliata, known from India. [more]

Gastonia

Harmsiopanax

Harmsiopanax is a genus of flowering plant of family Araliaceae. It comprises 3 species. [more]

Hedera

Ivy, plural ivies (Hedera) is a genus of 12?15 species of evergreen climbing or ground-creeping woody plants in the family Araliaceae, native to western, central and southern Europe, Macaronesia, northwestern Africa and across central-southern Asia east to Japan and Taiwan. [more]

Hederopsis

Macropanax is a of flowering plant of family Araliaceae, comprising 17 species. They are distributed from Central China to Sikkim, Nepal and Bhutan and to western Malaysia. [more]

Heteropanax

Heteropanax is a genus of flowering plant of family Araliaceae. It comprises 8 species native to southern Asia and China. [more]

Isodon

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[2] [more]

Kalopanax

Kalopanax septemlobus, common name Kalopanax or Prickly Castor-oil Tree, is a deciduous tree in the family Araliaceae, the sole species in the genus Kalopanax. It is native to northeastern Asia, from Sakhalin and Japan west to southwestern China. [more]

Kissodendron

Polyscias is a of flowering plant of family Araliaceae, comprising 114 species. They bear pinnate leaves. [more]

Macropanax

Macropanax is a genus of flowering plant of family Araliaceae, comprising 17 species. They are distributed from Central China to Sikkim, Nepal and Bhutan and to western Malaysia. [more]

Merrilliopanax

Merrilliopanax is a genus of flowering plant of family Araliaceae, comprising 3 species. They are endemic to Yunnan, China. [more]

Meryta

Meryta is a genus in the family Araliaceae. There are 27 species in the genus, all small, resinous trees of the subtropical and tropical Pacific Ocean, characterized by huge, simple leaves and a dioecious sexual system, a unique combination in Araliaceae. Meryta has its center of diversity in New Caledonia (11 endemic spp.). Phylogenetic analyses have placed Meryta in one of the three major clades of the Araliaciae, the Polyscias-Pseudopanax group, and more specifically in the Pacific Schefflera subclade. [more]

Motherwellia

Motherwellia haplosciadea is a species of of family Araliaceae. It is the sole member of genus Motherwellia. [more]

Nothopanax

Polyscias is a of flowering plant of family Araliaceae, comprising 114 species. They bear pinnate leaves. [more]

Oplopanax

Oplopanax is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Araliaceae, consisting of three species of deciduous shrubs, native to western North America and northeastern Asia. Oplopanax is closely related to the Asian genus Fatsia. [more]

Oreopanax

Oreopanax is a of flowering plants in the family Araliaceae, comprising between 80 and 150 species depending on source. Sinopanax was formerly included herein. [more]

Osmoxylon

Osmoxylon is a genus of flowering plant of family Araliaceae, comprising 60 species. [more]

Panax

Herbs, perennial, with stout rootstock, hermaphroditic or perhaps andromonoecious, unarmed. Stem simple, with scales at base. Leaves palmately compound, in whorls of 3-5; leaflets entire to serrate or dentate or pinnately lobed. Inflorescence a solitary, terminal umbel. Pedicels articulate below bisexual flowers, inarticulate below male flowers. Calyx shortly 5-toothed. Petals 5, imbricate. Stamens 5. Ovary 2- or 3(-5) -carpellate; styles distinct or basally united, as many as carpels. Fruit a drupe, globose, sometimes slightly compressed or triangular. Seeds laterally compressed, as many as carpels; endosperm smooth.[3] [more]

Pentapanax

Trees or shrubs, evergreen or deciduous, sometimes epiphytic, hermaphroditic or andromonoecious, unarmed. Leaves pinnately compound, rarely simple; leaflets entire to serrate; stipules absent. Inflorescence a terminal panicle of umbels, heads, or racemules, glabrous or pubescent, developing from specialized floral buds, usually surrounded by numerous persistent bracts at base. Pedicels articulate below ovary. Calyx minutely 5-dentate. Petals 5(-7), imbricate. Stamens 5(-7). Ovary (3-) 5(-7) -carpellate; styles united into a column or divided, as many as carpels. Fruit a drupe, globose to ellipsoid or ovoid. Seeds as many as carpels; endosperm uniform.[4] [more]

Plerandra

Schefflera () is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araliaceae. The plants are trees, shrubs or lianas, growing 1?30 metres (3 ft 3 in?98 ft 5 in) tall, with woody stems and palmately compound leaves. The circumscription of the genus has varied greatly. Phylogenetic studies have shown that the widely-used broad circumscription as a pantropical genus of over 700 species is polyphyletic, but it remains to be seen how this will affect the classification of the genus. [more]

Polyscias

Polyscias is a genus of flowering plant of family Araliaceae, comprising 114 species. They bear pinnate leaves. [more]

Pseudopanax

Pseudopanax is a small genus of 12?20 species of evergreen plants, the majority of which are endemic to New Zealand, although they also occur in Tasmania (Australia) and some plants from South America have at times been included in this genus. Flowers of the genus occur in terminal umbels. [more]

Pseudosciadium

Delarbrea balansae is a species of flowering plant of family Myodocarpaceae endemic to New Caledonia. It has previously been classified as the sole member of genus Pseudosciadium, but molecular and morphological studies point to its inclusion in the genus Delarbrea. [more]

Reynoldsia

Reynoldsia is a genus of flowering plant in the ivy family, Araliaceae. It comprises 8 species. [more]

Schefflera

Schefflera () is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araliaceae. The plants are trees, shrubs or lianas, growing 1?30 metres (3 ft 3 in?98 ft 5 in) tall, with woody stems and palmately compound leaves. The circumscription of the genus has varied greatly. Phylogenetic studies have shown that the widely-used broad circumscription as a pantropical genus of over 700 species is polyphyletic, but it remains to be seen how this will affect the classification of the genus. [more]

Tetrapanax

Tetrapanax papyrifer (Tung-tsau or Rice-paper Plant) is an evergreen shrub in the family Araliaceae, the sole species in the genus Tetrapanax. It is endemic to Taiwan, but also widely cultivated elsewhere in eastern Asia. It grows to 3-7 m tall, with usually unbranched stems 2 cm diameter bearing a rosette of large leaves at the top (superficially similar to a palm crown). The leaves are carried on 40-60 cm petioles, the leaf blade orbicular, 30-50 cm across, deeply palmately lobed with 5-11 primary lobes, each lobe usually secondarily lobulate. It spreads extensively by sprouts from the root system underground. [more]

Tetraplasandra

Tetraplasandra is a genus of flowering plants in the ivy family, Araliaceae. It comprises seven species, all of which are endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. [more]

Trevesia

Trevesia is a genus of flowering plant of family Araliaceae. It comprises 10 species, all of which are endemic to the Indomalayan region. [more]

Tupidanthus

Schefflera () is a genus of flowering plants in the family Araliaceae. The plants are trees, shrubs or lianas, growing 1?30 metres (3 ft 3 in?98 ft 5 in) tall, with woody stems and palmately compound leaves. The circumscription of the genus has varied greatly. Phylogenetic studies have shown that the widely-used broad circumscription as a pantropical genus of over 700 species is polyphyletic, but it remains to be seen how this will affect the classification of the genus. [more]

More info about the Genus Tupidanthus may be found here.

References

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Footnotes

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  1. "Aralia". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 435, 436, 437, 475, 476, 478, 480. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  2. http://www.ubio.org/browser/details.php?namebankID=113831
  3. "Panax". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 435, 437, 489. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  4. "Pentapanax". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 435, 437, 475, 480. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Sources

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Last Revised: August 24, 2012
2012/08/24 13:46:27