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Arabideae

(Tribe)

Overview

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A Tribe in the Kingdom Plantae.

Photos

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Taxonomy

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The Tribe Arabideae is further organized into finer groupings including:

Genera

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Abies

Trees evergreen, crown usually spirelike to conic, sometimes flat to round topped in age. Bark initially thin, smooth, bearing resin blisters, in age furrowed and/or flaking in plates. Branches whorled, irregular internodal branches occasionally produced by epicormic sprouting (growing from a dormant bud) ; short (spur) shoots absent; leaf scars prominent, ± circular to broadly elliptic, flush with twig surface, slightly depressed, or slightly raised evenly all around. Buds ovate or oblong, resinous or not, apex rounded or pointed. Leaves borne singly, persisting 5 or more years, spirally arranged but often proximally twisted so as to appear either 1-ranked (pointing up like toothbrush bristles) or 2-ranked, sessile, typically constricted and often twisted above the somewhat broadened base, sheath absent; leaves on vegetative branches flattened, frequently grooved adaxially, usually notched to rounded at apex; leaves on fertile branches sometimes appearing 4-sided, upright, sharp-pointed to rounded at apex; resin canals 2. Cones borne on year-old twigs. Pollen cones grouped, ovate or oblong-cylindric, leaving gall-like protuberances after falling, yellow to red, green, blue, or purple. Seed cones maturing in 1 season, erect, ovoid to oblong-cylindric or cylindric, not falling whole but scale by scale, cone axis persisting as an erect "spike" on branch; scales shed individually, fan-shaped, lacking apophysis and umbo; bracts included to exserted. Seeds winged, the wing-seed juncture bearing resin sac; cotyledons 4--10. x =12.[1] [more]

Allium

Herbs, perennial, scapose, from tunicate bulbs, with onion odor and taste. Bulbs solitary or clustered, dividing at base, or on rhizomes, reforming annually; outer coats generally brown or gray, smooth, fibrous, or with cellular reticulation (generally important in identification) ; inner coats membranous. Leaves generally withering from tip by anthesis, usually persistent, 1-12, basal; blade usually linear, terete, channeled, or flat (carinate in A. sativum, A. praecox, A. tuberosum, A. rotundum, A. neapolitanum, A. triquetrum, A. unifolium, and A. lacunosum), straight or ± falcate (coiled or circinate in A. nevadense and A. atrorubens), broader in A. victorialis and A. tricoccum, not petiolate (except in A. tricoccum and A. victorialis) . Scape usually persistent, terete or flattened. Inflorescences umbellate, flowering centripetally (centrifugally in A. schoenoprasum), sometimes replaced totally or partially by bulbils, subtended by spathe bracts; bracts conspicuous, ± fused, usually 3+-veined, equaling pedicel except in some introduced species, membranous. Flowers erect (pendent in A. triquetrum) ; tepals 6, in 2 similar whorls, ± distinct, petallike, usually becoming becoming dry and persisting; stamens 6, epipetalous; filaments in all but 1 native species broad at base, fused into ring (some introduced species and A. victorialis appendaged), linear, generally glabrous (A. rotundum and A. hoffmanii papillose to ciliate proximally) ; anthers and pollen variously colored; ovary superior, 3-lobed, sometimes crested with processes, 3-locular, usually 2 ovules per locule (6-8 in A. nigrum), crest processes 3 or 6, smooth except in A. haematochiton, A. sharsmithiae, and A. lacunosum; style 1; stigma capitate to ± 3-lobed; pedicel erect or spreading (lax in A. triquetrum) . Fruits capsular, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds black, obovoid, finely cellular-reticulate, cells smooth or minutely roughened, with 1-8 papillae, without caruncle except in A. triquetrum. x = 7, 8, 9.[2] [more]

Amelanchier

Shrubs or trees, deciduous; buds conspicuous, narrowly conical, with several scales. Leaves simple, petiolate, stipulate, venation camptodromous, margin entire or serrate. Racemes terminal; bracts caducous. Hypanthium campanulate. Sepals 5, margin entire. Petals 5, white, oblong or lanceolate, slender. Stamens 10-20. Ovary inferior or semi-inferior, 2-5-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule, separated by a false partition from back of locule; styles 2-5, partly connate or free. Fruit a small berrylike pome, bluish black to dark purple, usually juicy and sweet, incompletely 4-10-loculed, with one seed in each locule, crowned by persistent, usually recurved sepals.[3] [more]

Anemonella

Thalictrum thalictroides, the rue anemone, is a plant in the buttercup family, . [more]

Anthemis

Annuals (biennials) [perennials, subshrubs], mostly 5-90 cm (often aromatic). Stems 1-5+, erect to decumbent, usually branched, strigillose or strigoso-sericeous to villous (hairs medifixed), glabrescent [glabrous or sericeous to lanate]. Leaves mostly cauline; alternate; petiolate or sessile; blades ± obovate to spatulate, 1-3-pinnately lobed, ultimate margins dentate to lobed, faces glabrous or strigillose to villous [glabrous or sericeous to lanate]. Heads radiate [discoid], borne singly or in lax, corymbiform arrays (peduncles sometimes clavate and/or curved in fruit). Involucres obconic to hemispheric or broader, 5-13[-20] mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, mostly 21-35+ in 3-5 series, distinct, deltate to lanceolate, oblong, or elliptic, unequal, margins and apices (hyaline and colorless or brownish [black]) scarious. Receptacles hemispheric to narrowly conic, paleate (wholly or only distally) ; paleae ± flat, scarious to indurate (subulate or elliptic to obovate with mucronate to acuminate-spinose tips). Ray florets [0 or 2-]5-20[-30+], pistillate and fertile or styliferous and sterile; corollas usually white, rarely yellow or pink, laminae mostly oblong (tubes sometimes hairy). Disc florets (60-) 100-300+, bisexual, fertile; corollas usually yellow, rarely pink, tubes ± cylindric (usually proximally dilated, ± spongy in fruit, sometimes hairy, not saccate), throats funnelform, lobes 5, ± triangular (abaxially minutely crested). Cypselae obovoid to obconic or turbinate (circular or 4-angled in cross section), ribs usually 9-10 (0) and smooth or tuberculate, faces glabrous (pericarps with myxogenic cells) ; pappi 0 or coroniform. x = 9.[4] [more]

Arabis

Herbs annual, biennial, or perennial, rarely subshrubs or shrubs. Trichomes stellate, dendritic, or stalked forked, sometimes mixed with fewer simple ones, rarely primarily simple. Stems simple or branched apically. Basal leaves petiolate, rosulate, simple, often entire, sometimes dentate, rarely lyrate-pinnatifid. Cauline leaves sessile and auriculate, sagittate, or amplexicaul, very rarely petiolate, entire or dentate. Racemes ebracteate or rarely bracteate throughout or only basally, sometimes in panicles, elongated in fruit. Fruiting pedicels erect, ascending, divaricate, or reflexed. Sepals ovate or oblong, base of lateral pair saccate or not, margin membranous. Petals white, pink, or purple; blade spatulate, oblong, or oblanceolate, rarely obovate, apex obtuse or emarginate; claw shorter than sepals. Stamens 6, tetradynamous; filaments usually not dilated at base; anthers ovate, oblong, or linear, obtuse at apex. Nectar glands confluent, subtending bases of all stamens; median glands sometimes toothlike and free, rarely absent; lateral glands semiannular or annular. Ovules 12-110 per ovary. Fruit dehiscent siliques, linear, latiseptate, sessile or rarely shortly stipitate; valves papery, with an obscure or prominent midvein, smooth or torulose; replum rounded; septum complete, membranous, translucent, veinless; style obsolete or distinct; stigma capitate, entire or slightly 2-lobed. Seeds uniseriate or biseriate, winged or margined, oblong or orbicular, flattened; seed coat smooth or minutely reticulate, not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons accumbent.[5] [more]

Armoracia

Herbs perennial with rootstocks. Trichomes absent. Stems erect, branched above. Basal leaves long petiolate, rosulate, simple, entire or crenate. Cauline leaves petiolate or uppermost sessile, crenate, laciniate, pinnatifid, or pinnatiscent. Racemes many flowered, ebracteate, often in corymbose panicles, elongated considerably in fruit. Fruiting pedicels slender, ascending, divaricate, or slightly reflexed. Sepals ovate or oblong, spreading or ascending, glabrous, base of lateral pair not saccate. Petals white, ascending, longer than sepals; blade obovate, spatulate, oblong, or oblanceolate, apex obtuse; claw short. Stamens 6, somewhat spreading, slightly tetradynamous; filaments slightly dilated at base; anthers ovate, oblong, or linear, obtuse at apex. Nectar glands confluent and subtending bases of all stamens; median glands present. Ovules 8-20 per ovary. Fruit dehiscent silicles, oblong, ovate, elliptic, or orbicular, angustiseptate, sessile; valves veinless, glabrous, smooth; replum rounded; septum perforated or reduced to a rim; style obsolete or short and to 2 mm; stigma capitate, entire or 2-lobed. Seeds biseriate, wingless, oblong, plump; seed coat punctate, not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons accumbent.[6] [more]

Asperula

Asperula () is a genus of the family Rubiaceae. Sometimes, certain species of Galium (such as the woodruff) are included herein. [more]

Aubrieta

Aubrieta is a of about 12 species of flowering plants in the cabbage family Brassicaceae. The genus is named after Claude Aubriet, a French flower-painter. It originates from southern Europe east to central Asia but is now a common garden escape throughout Europe. It is a low, spreading plant, hardy, evergreen and perennial, with small violet, pink or white flowers, and inhabits rocks and banks. It prefers light, well-drained soil, is tolerant of a wide pH range, and can grow in partial shade or full sun. [more]

Aucuba

Trees or shrubs, 1 10 m tall; branches with conspicuous leaf scars, often pubescent when young, glabrous when old. Leaf blade usually green or sometimes variegated with yellow, yellowish, or white spots, variable, from lanceolate to obcordate, pubescent or glabrous, veins raised abaxially, often impressed adaxially, lateral veins usually connected before reaching margin, extending to apex of marginal teeth, margin serrate, glandular serrate, or dentate, rarely entire. Staminate inflorescences (2 ) 7 15 cm, paniculate or racemose-paniculate, pyramidal, or cylindrical. Carpellate inflorescences panicles, shorter, 1 5 cm. Flowers: calyx lobes minute, triangular or slightly orbicular; petals free, valvate, purplish red, yellow, or green, oblong or ovate, apex acuminate or caudate. Staminate flowers: filaments awl-shaped; anthers dorsifixed, rarely versatile, locules 2, rarely locule 1, dehiscing by longitudinal slits; floral disk fleshy, slightly 4-lobed. Carpellate flowers; sepals and petals articulate at base of ovary, subtended by 1 or 2 bracteoles. Fruit cylindrical or ovoid. 2n = 16, 32.[7] [more]

Aulax

[more]

Aurinia

Aurinia is a of flowering plant of the family Brassicaceae. [more]

Austrocedrus

Austrocedrus is a of conifer belonging to the cypress family Cupressaceae. It has only one species, Austrocedrus chilensis, native to the Valdivian temperate rain forests and the adjacent drier steppe-forests of central-southern Chile and western Argentina from 33°S to 44°S latitude. It is known in its native area as Ciprés de la Cordillera or Cordilleran Cypress, and elsewhere by the scientific name as Austrocedrus, or sometimes as Chilean Incense-cedar or Chilean Cedar. The generic name means "southern cedar". [more]

Avena

Annuals. Culms erect, fairly robust. Leaf blades linear, flat; ligule membranous. Inflorescence a large loose panicle. Spikelets large, pendulous, oblong to gaping, florets 2 to several, the uppermost reduced; rachilla pilose or glabrous, disarticulating below each floret or only below the lowest, or not disarticulating (cultivated species) ; glumes lanceolate to elliptic, usually subequal and as long as spikelet, rarely strongly unequal or shorter than spikelet, herbaceous to membranous, 7-11-veined, back rounded, smooth, apex acuminate; floret callus acute to pungent, bearded; lemmas lanceolate-oblong, usually leathery, occasionally papery, back rounded, 5-9-veined, glabrous to hispid, awned usually from near middle of back, apex papery, 2-toothed to 2-fid, lobes sometimes extended into fine bristles, awn geniculate with twisted column, sometimes reduced or absent (cultivated species) ; palea usually shorter than lemma, keels ciliate. Ovary densely hairy. Caryopsis with long linear hilum.[8] [more]

Azara

[more]

Azilia

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[9] [more]

Azolla

Roots 3--5 cm. Stems prostrate, 1--3 cm, or nearly erect, 3--5 cm, hairs absent. Leaves with 1(--2) -celled hairs on upper surface of upper lobe. Sporocarps in pairs. Megasporocarp megaspore with 3 floats. Microsporocarp masses entirely covered with arrowlike barbs. x = 22.[10] [more]

Azureocereus

It is reputed to be psychoactive. [more]

Barbarea

Barbarea (, Winter cress or Yellow rocket) is a genus of about 22 species of flowering plants in the family Brassicaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with the highest species diversity in southern Europe and southwest Asia. [more]

Billardiera

Billardiera is a of small vines and shrubs which is endemic to Australia. The genus was first formally described in 1793 by botanist James Edward Smith who named it in honour of Jacques Labillardière, a French botanist. [more]

Buxus

Profusely branched shrubs or dwarf trees. Leaves opposite, sessile or subsessile, entire, glabrous or hairy. Inflorescence pedunculate or sessile, of dense racemose clusters, often with a terminal female flower surrounded by several male flowers. Flowers greenish-yellow, unisexual (plants monoecious), sessile to shortly pedicellate. Sepals 4-6, unequal. Stamens 4, free, inserted on receptacle around vestigial ovary, anthers oblong with thick connective, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary tricarpellary, syncarpous, 3-loculed, each locule 2-ovuled; styles 3, rarely basally connate, spreading, short, stigma 2-lobed. Capsule coriaceous, ovoid, 3-beaked with persistent styles, dehiscing into 3, 2-seeded and 2-horned valves. Seed caruncled, somewhat triangular or oblong, glossy-black; embryo with oblong cotyledons.[11] [more]

Canna

Herbs, rhizomatous, 1--2[--5] m, forming small to large monotypic stands. Leaves green [bronze or magenta in hybrids and cultivars], often glaucous [lanuginose]; blade narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic, 20--70 cm ´ 15--30 cm, base gradually or abruptly tapered, apex acute to acuminate. Inflorescences: peduncles green [magenta], often glaucous; bracts green [magenta], often glaucous; primary bracts to 30 cm, secondary bracts to 20 cm; floral bracts 0.5--3 ´ 0.3--1.5 cm, papery. Flowers nearly sessile, subtended by pedicel bract; sepals usually green [magenta], often less than half size of petals; petals sharply reflexed or not, green or brightly colored, 4--15 cm, generally shorter than staminodes; staminodes pale yellow to deep crimson red; labellum 3--9 ´ 4--10 cm; ovary green [magenta]. Capsules brown, 1.5--6 ´ 2--4.5 cm, warty, becoming papery. Seeds 5--25[--75] per capsule, medium to dark brown or black, 4--10 ´ 4--8 mm.[12] [more]

Cardamine

Herbs annual, biennial, or rhizomatous or tuberous perennial. Trichomes absent or simple. Stems erect or prostrate, leafy or rarely leafless and plant scapose. Basal leaves petiolate, rosulate or not, simple and entire, toothed, or 1-3-pinnatisect, or palmately lobed, sometimes trifoliolate, pinnately, palmately, or bipinnately compound. Cauline leaves alternate, (rarely opposite or whorled), simple or compound as basal leaves, petiolate or sessile and base cuneate, attenuate, auriculate, or sagittate, margin entire, dentate, or variously lobed. Racemes ebracteate or rarely bracteate throughout or only basally, corymbose or in panicles, elongated in fruit. Fruiting pedicels slender or thickened, erect, divaricate, or reflexed. Sepals ovate or oblong, base of lateral pair saccate or not, margin often membranous. Petals white, pink, purple, or violet, never yellow, rarely absent; blade obovate, spatulate, oblong, or oblanceolate, apex obtuse or emarginate; claw absent or strongly differentiated from blade, longer or shorter than sepals. Stamens 6 and tetradynamous, rarely 4 and equal in length; anthers ovate, oblong, or linear, obtuse at apex. Nectar glands confluent and subtending bases of all stamens; median glands 2 or rarely 4 or absent; lateral glands annular or semiannular. Ovules 4-50 per ovary. Fruit dehiscent siliques, linear or rarely narrowly oblong or narrowly lanceolate, latiseptate, sessile; valves papery, not veined, glabrous (or very rarely hairy), smooth or torulose, dehiscing elastically acropetally, spirally or circinately coiled; replum strongly flattened; septum complete, membranous, translucent; style distinct or rarely obsolete; stigma capitate, entire. Seeds uniseriate, wingless, rarely margined or winged, oblong or ovate, flattened; seed coat smooth, minutely reticulate, colliculate, or rugose; mucilaginous or not when wetted; cotyledons accumbent or very rarely incumbent.[13] [more]

Cardaminopsis

[more]

Centaurea

Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 20-300 cm, glabrous or tomentose. Stems erect, ascending, or spreading, simple or branched. Leaves basal and cauline; petiolate or sessile; proximal blade margins often ± deeply lobed, (spiny in C. benedicta ), distal ± smaller, often entire, faces glabrous or ± tomentose, sometimes also villous, strigose, or puberulent, often glandular-punctate. Heads discoid, disciform, or radiant, borne singly or in corymbiform arrays. Involucres cylindric or ovoid to hemispheric . Phyllaries many in 6-many series, unequal, proximal part appressed, body margins entire. distal parts expanded into erect to spreading, usually ± dentate or fringed, linear to ovate appendages, spine. tipped or spineless. Receptacles flat, epaleate, bristly. Florets 10-many; outer usually sterile, corollas slender and inconspicuous to much expanded, ± bilateral; inner fertile, corollas white to blue, pink, purple, or yellow, bilateral or radial, often bent at junction of tubes and throats, lobes linear-oblong, acute; anther bases tailed, apical appendages oblong; style branches: fused portions with minutely hairy nodes, distinct portions minute. Cypselae ± barrel-shaped, ± compressed, smooth or ribbed, apices entire (denticulate in C. benedicta ), glabrous or with fine, 1-celled hairs, attachment scar. lateral (with or without elaiosomes) ; pappi 0 or ± persistent, of 1-3 series of smooth or minutely barbed, stiff bristles or narrow scales . x = 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15.[14] [more]

Cestrum

Shrubs or trees, glabrous or pubescent with simple or branched hairs. Leaves solitary, simple, petiolate, entire. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, racemose or paniculate, sometimes clustered in leaf axils, often bracteate or bracteolate. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx campanulate or tubular. Corolla long tubular; tube sometimes expanded or contracted around anthers, sometimes pubescent abaxially; limb lobed, usually spreading. Stamens inserted at various levels in corolla tube; filaments sometimes pubescent or appendaged at or below point of insertion; anthers dehiscing longitudinally; disc mostly evident. Ovary 2-locular; ovules few to several, rarely to 20. Style slender; stigma entire or 2-lobed, rarely exserted. Fruit a berry, mostly white or blackish, globose, ovoid, or oblong, often juicy. Seeds 1 or several, oblong; embryo straight or slightly curved; cotyledons ovate, oblong and much wider than radicle, or cylindric.[15] [more]

Chaenomeles

Shrubs, subshrubs, or small trees, deciduous or evergreen, sometimes with thorny branches; buds small, with 2 exposed scales. Leaves simple, alternate, shortly petiolate, stipulate, herbaceous, venation camptodromous, margin serrate or crenate. Flowers solitary or fascicled, precocious or coetaneous. Sepals 5, caducous, margin entire or serrate. Petals 5. Stamens 20 or more, 2-whorled. Ovary 5-loculed, with many ovules per locule, 2-seriate; styles 2-5, connate at base. Fruit a pome, large, many seeded, often with persistent incurved styles; seed brown, seed coat leathery, albumen absent.[16] [more]

Chamaecyparis

Trees (rarely shrubs). Branchlets terete or rhombic in cross section, in fan-shaped or pinnately flattened sprays. Leaves opposite in 4 ranks. Adult leaves usually appressed, lateral and facial pairs similar, closely overlapping, scalelike, free portion of long-shoot leaves to ca. 7 mm; abaxial glands present or absent, circular to linear. Pollen cones with 2--3 pairs of sporophylls, each sporophyll with 2--4 pollen sacs. Seed cones maturing and opening in 1--2 years, nearly globose, glaucous, 4--12 mm; scales persistent, 2--5(--6) pairs, valvate, peltate or basifixed, thick and woody, terminal pair often fused. Seeds 1--4 per cone scale, lenticular, equally 2-winged; cotyledons 2--3. x = 11.[17] [more]

Cotoneaster

Shrubs, rarely small trees, erect, decumbent, or prostrate, deciduous, semievergreen, or evergreen. Branchlets mostly terete, rarely slightly angulate, unarmed. Winter buds small; scales several, imbricate, exposed. Leaves alternate, simple, shortly petiolate; stipules caducous, usually subulate, small; margin of leaf blade entire, venation camptodromous. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, cymose or corymbose, sometimes flowers several fascicled or solitary. Hypanthium turbinate or campanulate, rarely cylindric, adnate to ovary. Sepals 5, persistent, short. Petals 5, erect or spreading, imbricate in bud, white, pink, or red. Stamens 10-20(-22), inserted in mouth of hypanthium. Ovary inferior or semi-inferior, 2-5-loculed; carpels 2-5, connate abaxially, free adaxially; ovules 2 per carpel, erect; styles 2-5, free; stigmas dilated. Fruit a drupe-like pome, red, brownish red, or orange to black, with persistent, incurved, fleshy sepals, containing pyrenes; pyrenes (1 or) 2-5, bony, 1-seeded; seeds compressed; cotyledons plano-convex.[18] [more]

Cycas

Morphological characters and geographical distribution are the same as those for the family.[19] [more]

Cyclamen

Cyclamen is a of 23 species of flowering plants, traditionally classified in the family Primulaceae, but in recent years reclassified in the family Myrsinaceae (Kallersjo et al. 2000). The genus is most widely known by its scientific name Cyclamen being taken into common usage; other names occasionally used include sowbread and sometimes, confusingly, Persian violet (it is not related to the violets), or primrose (neither is it a primrose). [more]

Cyclosorus

[more]

Daphne

Shrubs or subshrubs, evergreen or deciduous. Branches glabrous or pubescent. Leaves mostly alternate, sometimes opposite; petiole short. Inflorescence usually terminal, sometimes axillary, capitate or shortly racemose, sometimes paniculate, racemose, or spicate, with or without involucre; peduncle short or absent. Flowers bisexual or unisexual (plants sometimes dioecious), 4- or 5-merous. Calyx tube white, pink, or yellow, rarely mauve, campanulate, cylindric, or slightly funnel-shaped, exterior glabrous or pubescent; lobes 4 or 5, erect or spreading, alternately longer and shorter. Petaloid appendages absent. Stamens twice as many as calyx lobes, in two series; filaments short or absent; anthers oblong, included; connectives indistinct. Disk absent or annular, cup-shaped, sometimes elongated on one side. Ovary usually sessile or slightly stipitate, ovoid, 1-loculed; style terminal, short; stigma capitate. Fruit a succulent berry or dry and leathery, sometimes enclosed by persistent calyx, sometimes naked, usually red or yellow. Seed testa crustaceous, endosperm scanty or absent; cotyledons fleshy.[20] [more]

Dentaria

Cardamine (, Bittercress or Bitter-cress), is a large genus in the family Brassicaceae. It contains more than 150 species of annuals and perennials. The genus grows worldwide in diverse habitats, except in the Antarctic. Genus Dentaria is a synonym for Cardamine. [more]

Deparia

Plants terrestrial. Stems creeping, stolons absent. Leaves monomorphic, dying back in winter. Petiole 1/3--2/3 length of blade, base swollen and persisting as trophopod over winter or not; vascular bundles 2, lateral, lunate in cross section. Blade elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, 1-pinnate-pinnatifid [pinnatifid to 3-pinnate-pinnatifid], gradually reduced distally to pinnatifid apex, herbaceous. Pinnae not articulate to rachis, segment margins entire, crenulate, or serrate; proximal pinnae (several pairs) reduced or not, sessile, equilateral; costae adaxially shallowly grooved, grooves not continuous with that of rachis; indument on rachis and costae (both sides) of multicellular hairs. Veins free, simple or forked. Sori on veins, elongate, ± straight, or hooked at distal end; indusia linear, laterally attached, persistent. Spores brownish, broadly winged. x = 40.[21] [more]

Deutzia

Shrubs stellate hairy. Branchlets opposite; buds enclosed by imbricate scales. Leaves opposite, exstipulate, subdeciduous. Inflorescences racemose, paniculate, corymbose, or cymose, rarely a solitary flower. Calyx tube adnate to ovary, campanulate, 5-lobed. Petals 5, induplicate, valvate, or imbricate. Stamens 10(-15), 2-seriate; filaments subulate, flat, or dilated and apex 2-dentate; anthers shortly stalked, subglobose. Ovary inferior, rarely subinferior, 3-5-loculed; ovules numerous, in many series on fleshy placenta. Styles 3(-5), free; stigma terminal or decurrent. Fruit a capsule, subglobose, 3(-5) -valved, dehiscing loculicidally or between styles. Seeds numerous, oblong, compressed; testa membranous, reticulate, apex winged; embryo borne in middle of fleshy endosperm.[22] [more]

Dionysia

Caespitose, cushion or dense tufted semishrubs, scapose or escapose. Branches covered with the persistent remains of the leaves. Leaves imbricate, simple, revolute or involute, entire or denticulate, farinose or efarinose (farina whitish or yellow), often glandular-stipitate. Flowers 5-merous, heterostylous, yellow, pink or violet, umbellate or in superposed verticels or solitary. Bracts small, large and foliaceous in the scapose species. Calyx 1/2 to 2/3 rd-partite. Corolla much exceeding the calyx, tubular; limb 5-lobed, entire or slightly 2-lobed. Stamens epipetalous, sub-sessile; filaments attached near the middle (in pin-eyed flowers) or near the throat. Ovules few. Style slender, stigma capitate. Capsule dehiscing by 5 valves. Seeds small, angled, minutely vesiculose, up to 35 in number.[23] [more]

Diplotaenia

[more]

Draba

Herbs perennial, rarely annual, biennial (or subshrubs with woody stems). Trichomes simple, forked, stellate, malpighiaceous, or dendritic, stalked or sessile, often more than 1 kind present. Stems erect or ascending, sometimes prostrate, leafy or leafless and plants scapose. Basal leaves petiolate, often rosulate, simple, entire or toothed, rarely lobed. Cauline leaves petiolate or sessile, cuneate or auriculate at base, entire or dentate, sometimes absent. Racemes bracteate or ebracteate, elongated or not in fruit. Fruiting pedicels slender, erect, ascending, or divaricate. Sepals ovate, oblong, or elliptic, base of lateral pair not saccate or subsaccate, margin usually membranous. Petals yellow, white, pink, purple, orange (or rarely red) ; blade obovate, spatulate, oblong, oblanceolate, orbicular, or linear, apex obtuse, rounded, or rarely emarginate; claw obscurely to strongly differentiated from blade. Stamens 6, tetradynamous; filaments dilated or not at base; anthers ovate or oblong, obtuse at apex. Nectar glands 1, 2, or 4, distinct or confluent and subtending bases of all stamens; median glands present or absent; lateral glands toothlike, semiannular, or annular. Ovules 4 to numerous per ovary. Fruit dehiscent, silicles or rarely siliques, ovate, elliptic, oblong, orbicular, ovoid, globose, lanceolate, or linear, latiseptate or terete, sometimes spirally twisted; valves distinctly or obscurely veined, glabrous or pubescent; replum rounded; septum complete, membranous, translucent; style distinct or obsolete, glabrous; stigma capitate, entire or slightly 2-lobed. Seeds biseriate, wingless (or rarely winged), oblong, ovate, or orbicular, flattened; seed coat minutely reticulate, not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons accumbent.[24] [more]

Empetrum

Two to several species: N temperate regions, South America (Andes), S Atlantic Islands (Falkland Islands, Tristan da Cunha) ; one species in China.[25] [more]

Erophila

[more]

Fagus

Trees, winter-deciduous. Terminal buds present, long, tapered in maturity, all scales imbricate. Leaves: stipules prominent on new growth, soon deciduous. Leaf blade thin, secondary veins unbranched, ± parallel, extending to margin, each vein ending in acute or obscure tooth. Inflorescences unisexual, axillary in new growth leaves; staminate inflorescence lax, loosely capitate cluster of flowers; pistillate inflorescence short, stiff, cupule 1, terminal. Staminate flowers: sepals connate; stamens 6-16; pistillode typically absent. Pistillate flowers 2 per cupule; sepals distinct; carpels and styles 3. Fruits: maturation in 1st year following pollination; cupule 4-valved, valves distinct, ±completely enclosing nuts until maturity, prickly, prickles stout, unbranched, short, not obscuring surface of cupule, internal valves absent; nuts 2 per cupule, sharply 3-angled, slightly winged. x = 12.[26] [more]

Fritillaria

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Fuchsia

Fuchsia is a of flowering plants, mostly shrubs, and can grow long shoots, which were identified by Charles Plumier in the late-17th century, and named by Plumier in 1703 after the German botanist Leonhart Fuchs (1501–1566). The English name fuchsias is frequently misspelled "fuschias". [more]

Geranium

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves usually alternate, stipulate, variously divided. Peduncles (1-) 2-flowered. Flowers often showy, regular, usually 5-merous. Petals alternating with 5 nectiferous glands. Stamens (5-) 10, staminodes occasional. Carpels usually 5, adnate, separating septifragally from the central axis at maturity. Ovary 5-lobed. Fruit schizocarpic, of 5 mericarps which remain attached to an elastically coiling stylar axis upwards; mericarps without apical pits.[27] [more]

Goodenia

Goodenia is a consisting of 179 species of flowering plants. The name was published in 1793 by James Edward Smith in honour of the Bishop of Carlisle Samuel Goodenough. Goodenough was also a botanist and member of the Linnean Society. [more]

Hamamelis

Shrubs or small trees, suckering or bearing stolons, not aromatic and resinous; twigs, young leaves, and flower buds stellate-pubescent. Bark gray to gray-brown, smooth or slightly roughened. Dormant buds naked, stellate-pubescent; terminal bud and 1 of each pair of lateral buds stalked, with 2 subtending scales. Leaves short-petiolate. Leaf blade broadly elliptic to obovate, pinnately veined, base oblique, cuneate, margins repand to sinuate, apex rounded to acute or short-acuminate. Inflorescences axillary, (1-) 3(-5) -flowered, stalked clusters. Flowers bisexual, appearing before or with leaves; calyx lobes 4, reflexed, adnate to ovary; petals 4, yellow or orange to deep red, liguliform, circinnate in bud, notched or truncate, sometimes pointed; stamens 4, very short within cup; anthers introrse, dehiscing by 2 valves hinged adaxially on connective; staminodes 4, opposite petals, bearing nectar; styles 2, subulate, spreading to recurved. Capsules solitary or 2-3 together, fused with persistent tubular calyx, stylar beaks very short, loculicidally 2-valved, woody, appressed stellate-pubescent, explosively dehiscent. Seeds 2 per capsule, black, glossy, bony, not winged. x = 12.[28] [more]

Heliotropium

Herbs annual or perennial, rarely subshrubs, pubescent or strigose, rarely scabrous. Leaves alternate, less often opposite, sessile or petiolate. Cymes terminal, rarely axillary, unilateral, scorpioid, bracteate or not. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla white or light bluish purple, less often yellow, cylindric or funnelform, strigose outside, glabrous and rarely appressed pubescent inside; throat frequently pubescent; limb 5-parted; lobes orbicular, sometimes linear, margin with folds or undulate. Filaments extremely short; anthers included. Ovary completely or incompletely divided into 4 lobes; ovules 4. Style terminal; stigma conical or ringlike. Fruit nutletlike dry drupes, without evident mesocarp at maturity, endocarp bony, dividing into 4 1-seeded or 2 2-seeded mericarps. Seeds straight or curved, usually with a thin endosperm.[29] [more]

Hemerocallis

Herbs, perennial, scapose, clump-forming, rhizomatous, from fibrous or fleshy contractile roots often enlarged at ends; rhizomes spreading. Leaves many, basal, sessile, 2-ranked, bases sheathing; blade long-linear, keeled, apex acuminate. Inflorescences 2, in terminal helicoid cyme, or solitary. Flowers mostly diurnal and ephemeral, slightly irregular, showy; tepals 6, connate basally into short, funnelform to campanulate tube, distinct parts imbricate, spreading, inner broader than outer; stamens 6, adnate to throat of perianth tube; filaments curved upward, distinct, unequal; anthers dorsifixed, 2-locular, linear-oblong, dehiscence introrse; ovary superior, green, 3-locular, conic, septal nectaries present; style curved upwards; stigma indistinctly 3-lobed or capitate. Fruits capsular, leathery, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds rarely produced (sterile) or many. x = 11.[30] [more]

Hibiscus

Shrubs, subshrubs, trees, or herbs. Leaf blade palmately lobed or entire, basal veins 3 or more. Flowers axillary, usually solitary, sometimes subterminal and ± congested into a terminal raceme, 5-merous, bisexual. Epicalyx lobes 5 to many, free or connate at base, rarely very short (H. schizopetalus) or absent (H. lobatus) . Calyx campanulate, rarely shallowly cup-shaped or tubular, 5-lobed or 5-dentate, persistent. Corolla usually large and showy, variously colored, often with dark center; petals adnate at base to staminal tube. Filament tube well developed, apex truncate or 5-dentate; anthers throughout or only on upper half of tube. Ovary 5-loculed or, as a result of false partitions, 10-loculed; ovules 3 to many per locule; style branches 5; stigmas capitate. Fruit a capsule, cylindrical to globose, valves 5, dehiscence loculicidal and sometimes partially septicidal or indehiscent (H. vitifolius Linnaeus) . Seeds reniform, hairy or glandular verrucose.[31] [more]

Hosta

Herbs, perennial, scapose, forming dome-shaped clumps, from rhizomes; rhizomes short, branching, sometimes stoloniferous, leaf scars prominent; roots fleshy. Leaves numerous, basal, spiral, distinctly petiolate; petiole sulcate, terete, sometimes ridged; blade light to dark green, often variegated, cordate to orbiculate to lanceolate, smooth to puckered, margins entire, slightly undulate [flat or crisped]; veins campylodromous, conspicuous, usually sunken adaxially, prominent abaxially. Scape usually surpassing leaves. Inflorescences simple, terminal, racemose, usually subsecund, elongate, subtended proximally by 1 or more sterile bracts, each flower usually bracteate. Flowers: perianth tubular to campanulate or urceolate-cylindric [funnelform]; tepals 6, similar, connate proximally into wide-throated tube, white, bluish purple, or purplish violet with darker markings or lines, lobes spreading, sometimes recurved, longer than perianth tube; stamens 6, inserted at base of perianth tube or ovary apex, exceeding tepals; filaments declinate; anthers dorsifixed in connective pits, dehiscence introrse; ovary superior, sessile, 3-locular, oblong, septal nectaries present; style filiform, exceeding stamens; stigma minute, capitate or 3-lobed; pedicel short. Fruits capsular, pendent at maturity, angled, elongate or triangular, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds numerous, black, flattened, winged. x = 30.[32] [more]

Hypericum

[Trees or] shrubs, subshrubs, or perennial herbs, glabrous or with simple hairs, with translucent ("pale") and often opaque, black or reddish ("dark") glands, laminar (immersed and sometimes abaxial) and marginal or intramarginal. Leaves opposite [or whorled], sessile or short petiolate, venation pinnate to palmate [or rarely dichotomous], margin entire or gland-fringed. Inflorescence cymose. Flowers bisexual, homostylous [or heterostylous], stellate or cupped. Sepals 5 and quincuncial or rarely 4 and decussate, unequal or equal, free or partly united. Petals (4 or) 5, contorted, golden to lemon yellow [or rarely white], abaxially sometimes tinged or veined red, persistent or deciduous after anthesis, usually asymmetric. Stamens in [4 or]5 fascicles, free and antipetalous, or some united to form apparently 4 or 3 fascicles with compound fascicle(s) antisepalous, or irregular and apparently not fasciculate, persistent or deciduous, each single fascicle with up to 70[-120] stamens; filaments slender, free from nearly base [or to 2/3 united] or apparently completely free; anthers small, dorsifixed or ± basifixed, dehiscing longitudinally, with gland on connective; sterile fascicles (fasciclodes) absent [very rare]. Ovary 3-5-loculed with axile placentae or ± completely 1-loculed with (2 or) 3[-5] parietal placentae, each placenta with [2 or] few to many ovules; styles (2 or) 3-5, free or partly to completely united, ± slender; stigmas small or ± capitate. Fruit a septicidal capsule or rarely ± indehiscent, valves often with oil-containing vittae or vesicles. Seeds small, often carinate or narrowly unilaterally winged; testa variously sculptured, not arillate [very rarely carunculate]; embryo slender, straight, with distinct slender cotyledons.[33] [more]

Incarvillea

Herbs erect or prostrate, annual or perennial, with stems or stemless. Leaves simple or 1-3-pinnately divided. Inflorescences racemose, terminal. Calyx campanulate, teeth 5, triangular, rarely enlarged into glands at base. Corolla red or yellow, funnelform, bilabiate; lobes rounded, spreading. Stamens 4, didynamous, included; anthers divergent, glabrous, spurred at base. Disc annular. Ovary sessile, 2-locular; ovules numerous, 1- or 2-rowed on each placenta. Stigma compressed, flabellate, 2-lobed. Capsule dehiscing loculicidally, long terete, erect or curved, acuminate, sometimes 4-6-angular. Seeds minute, compressed, laterally with or surrounded by transparent and membranous wings or filiform hairs.[34] [more]

Juniperus

Shrubs or trees evergreen. Branchlets terete, 3--6 angled, variously oriented, but not in flattened sprays. Leaves opposite in 4 ranks or in whorls of 3. Adult leaves closely appressed to divergent, scalelike to subulate, free portion to ca. 10 mm (to ca. 15 mm in Juniperus communis ) ; abaxial gland visible or not, elongate to hemispheric ( J. ashei ), sometimes exuding white crystalline deposit. Pollen cones with 3--7 pairs or trios of sporophylls, each sporophyll with 2--8 pollen sacs. Seed cones maturing in 1 or 2 years, globose to ovoid and berrylike, 3--20 mm, remaining closed, usually glaucous; scales persistent, 1--3 pairs, peltate, tightly coalesced, thick and fleshy or fibrous to obscurely woody. Seeds 1--3 per scale, round to faceted, wingless; cotyledons 2--6. x = 11.[35] [more]

Kalimeris

Kalimeris (or the Kalimeris Asters) is a small genus with eight species from the sunflower family (Asteraceae). [more]

Kniphofia

Kniphofia (Tritoma, Red hot poker, Torch lily, Poker plant) is a genus of plants in the family that includes 70 or more species native to Africa. Some species have been commercially used horticulturally and are commonly known for their bright, rocket-shaped flowers. [more]

Lampranthus

Lampranthus is a genus of plants in the family . One of the species in this genus is L. roseus, the mini ice plant. Other species in this genus include L, haworthii and L. aberdeen. All Lampranthus species flower between June and August with flower colors including red, orange, peach, yellow and light pink through to magenta and purple. [more]

Lavandula

Plants small shrubs, rarely herbs. Verticillasters 2-10-flowered, in crowded terminal spikes; bracteoles small or absent. Flowers short pedicellate or subsessile. Calyx ovoid-tubular to tubular, slightly dilated in fruit, straight, 13-15-veined, 2-lipped; upper lip entire, protracted into an appendage; lower lip equally (2-) 4-toothed, teeth narrower than those of upper lip. Corolla blue or purple; tube exserted, throat ± dilated; limb 2-lipped, upper lip 2-lobed, lower 3-lobed. Stamens 4, included, anterior 2 longer; anther cells apically confluent. Style inserted at ovary base, apex 2-cleft, lobes flattened, ovate, connate. Nutlets smooth, shiny, each with a basal-dorsal areole.[36] [more]

Nasturtium

Herbs perennial, aquatic, rhizomatous. Trichomes absent or simple. Stems prostrate or decumbent, erect in emergent plants, rooting at proximal nodes. Leaves all cauline, pinnately compound, often simple in deeply submersed plants; petiole sometimes auriculate at base; lateral leaflets 1-6(-12) pairs, petiolulate or sessile, entire, repand, or rarely dentate. Racemes many flowered, ebracteate. Fruiting pedicels usually divaricate. Sepals ovate or oblong, erect or ascending, glabrous, base of lateral pair subsaccate or not saccate. Petals white or rarely pink, longer than sepals; blade obovate or narrowly spatulate, apex obtuse; claw absent. Stamens 6, erect, tetradynamous; filaments base not dilated; anthers oblong, obtuse at apex. Median glands absent; lateral glands 2, annular or semiannular. Ovules 25-50 per ovary. Fruit dehiscent siliques, linear or rarely narrowly oblong, terete, sessile; valves obscurely veined, glabrous, smooth or slightly torulose; replum rounded; septum complete; style obsolete or to 2 mm; stigma capitate, entire. Seeds uniseriate or biseriate, wingless, oblong or ovoid, plump; seed coat minutely to coarsely reticulate, not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons accumbent.[37] [more]

Neillia

Shrubs, rarely subshrubs, deciduous. Branchlets spreading, slender, terete or angled; buds ovoid, scales imbricate, apex acute. Leaves often 2-ranked; stipules conspicuous, deciduous; leaf blade simple, margin doubly serrate and usually 3-parted or shallowly 3-5(-7) -lobed. Inflorescence a terminal or sometimes axillary raceme or panicle; bracts linear-lanceolate to ovate, small, caducous. Flowers bisexual. Hypanthium campanulate, urceolate-campanulate, or cylindric. Sepals 5, erect, persistent in fruit and becoming densely pubescent and stipitate glandular abaxially. Petals white or pink-red, subequaling sepals. Stamens 10-30, irregularly 2-whorled on rim of hypanthium, not exceeding petals. Carpels 1(-5) ; ovary with 2-10 ovules; style erect. Follicles enclosed by persistent hypanthium, dehiscent along adaxial suture. Seeds several, obovoid; testa lustrous; caruncle convex.[38] [more]

Ononis

Annual or perennial herbs or undershrubs, usually pubescent, hairs eglandular or glandular. Leaf 1-3-foliolate, rarely imparipinnately compound, more than 2 lateral pairs of leaflets; leaflets generally toothed; stipules mostly adnate to the petiole. Flowers axillary, 1-3, sessile or long-peduncled, or forming terminal racemes or spikes. Bracts and bracteoles minute or O. Calyx with 5 subequal teeth. Vexillum with a short claw. Keel beaked. Stamens monadelphous, alternate filaments dilated at the apex, anthers dimorphous. Ovary shortly stipitate, 2 or more ovuled, style glabrous, stigma terminal or subterminal. Fruit linear to oblong, inflated or torulose, seeds few to numerous, reniform.[39] [more]

Origanum

Subshrubs or perennial herbs, gynodioecious, aromatic. Leaves ovate to oblong-ovate, entire to remotely dentate. Spikes cylindric to oblong, sometimes elongated in fruit, many flowered, overlapping with small bracts, in corymbose panicles; bracts and bracteoles green and purple-red, oblong-obovate to lanceolate. Calyx campanulate, throat villous annulate, ca. 13-veined; teeth 5, subtriangular, subequal, apex acute to obtuse. Corolla white or rose to purple, campanulate, tube exserted, limb 2-lipped; upper lip straight, emarginate; lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, middle lobe larger than lateral lobes. Stamens 4, shorter to slightly longer than upper lip in bisexual flowers, included in pistillate flowers; anthers ovoid, cells 2, separated by triangular cuneate connectives; filaments glabrous. Style exserted, apex unequally 2-cleft. Nutlets ovoid, slightly ribbed, dry, glabrous.[40] [more]

Parochetus

Parochetus is a genus of herbs. [more]

Pieris

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[41] [more]

Rorippa

Herbs annual, biennial, or perennial, usually of wet or aquatic habitats. Trichomes absent or simple. Stems erect or prostrate, simple or branched, leafy. Basal leaves petiolate, rosulate or not, simple, entire, dentate, sinuate, lyrate, pectinate, or 1-3-pinnatisect. Cauline leaves petiolate or sessile, cuneate, attenuate, auriculate, or sagittate at base, entire, dentate, pinnatifid, or pinnatisect. Racemes ebracteate or rarely bracteate throughout, elongated in fruit. Sepals ovate or oblong, erect or spreading, base of lateral pair not saccate or rarely saccate, margin often membranous. Petals yellow, sometimes white or pink, rarely vestigial or absent; blade obovate, spatulate, oblong, or oblanceolate, apex obtuse or emarginate; claw sometimes distinct, often shorter than sepals. Stamens 6 and tetradynamous, rarely 4 and equal in length; anthers ovate or oblong, obtuse or rarely apiculate at apex. Nectar glands confluent, often subtending bases of all stamens; median glands narrow; lateral glands semiannular and intrastaminal, or annular. Ovules 10-300 per ovary. Fruit dehiscent siliques or silicles, linear, oblong, ovoid, ellipsoid, or globose, terete or slightly latiseptate, sessile or rarely shortly stipitate; valves 2(or 3-6), papery or leathery, veinless or obscurely veined, smooth or torulose; replum rounded; septum complete or rarely perforated, membranous, translucent, veinless; style obsolete or distinct; stigma capitate, entire or slightly 2-lobed. Seeds biseriate or rarely uniseriate, wingless or rarely winged, oblong, ovoid, or ellipsoid, plump; seed coat reticulate, colliculate, rugose, tuberculate, or foveolate, mucilaginous or not when wetted; cotyledons accumbent.[42] [more]

Rostraria

[more]

Sempervivum

Houseleeks or Liveforever (Sempervivum, pronounced ) are a of about 40 species of succulent plants of the Crassulaceae family which grow in rosettes. Another name used for some species (and also for some plants in other related genera) is Hen and chicks. [more]

Sisyrinchium

Herbs, annual or perennial, often cespitose, rhizomatous (sometimes only obscurely, especially when cespitose) or not, sometimes with thickened, fleshy roots. Stems scapelike or branched, compressed, and 2-winged. Leaves 2-6, basal or basal and cauline, alternate, basally equitant; blade plane, ensiform, usually glabrous. Inflorescences rhipidiate, usually terminal (basal flowers occasionally produced in some montane populations), 1-11(-15) -flowered; spathes 2, opposed, green or with purplish tinge, equitant, equal or unequal, smooth to scabrous, margins hyaline, apex undifferentiated, acute to obtuse or bifid, margins of outer spathe usually connate basally. Flowers not fragrant, actinomorphic; tepals widely spreading to reflexed (S. minus and S. rosulatum with campanulate bases), ± distinct, bluish violet to light blue, white, lavender to pink, magenta, purple, or yellow, not clawed, subequal; stamens symmetrically arranged; filaments distinct, connate basally or into tube, tapering evenly to apex (basally inflated in S. rosulatum) ; anthers parallel, surrounding but not appressed to style branches; styles 3, erect, connate at least basally, filiform, not broad and petaloid, long, extending between stamens usually beyond anthers. Fruits capsular, ± globose, smooth to roughened by underlying seeds, apex usually rounded. Seeds many, globose to obconic or hemispheric; seed coat black, granular to rugulose. x = 8.[43] [more]

Symphytum

Herbs perennial. Roots thickened, hispid or strigose. Stem leaves sometimes decurrent. Cymes terminal, becoming paniculate, bracteate. Calyx 5-parted to middle or below; lobes unequal, slightly elongated in fruit. Corolla light purple-red, rarely yellow, tubular-campanulate; throat appendages 5, lanceolate, with papillate glands; limb 5-lobed; lobes triangular to semiorbicular, margin dentate, apex sometimes revolute. Stamens inserted at throat, not exserted; anthers linear-oblong. Ovary 4-parted. Style filiform, usually exserted; stigma capitate. Gynobase flat. Nutlets ovoid, sometimes suboblique, usually granular-tuberculate, reticulate-wrinkled, rarely smooth; attachment scar at base, cupular, finely dentate at margin.[44] [more]

Tellima

Tellima grandiflora (Fringecups, Bigflower Tellima) is a perennial of the family Saxifragaceae. It is a native of most forests in western North America. Frequently grown in gardens, it has escaped and become established in some other areas, e.g. Great Britain. The small green, white or purple flowers are born in spikes and the petals are deeply fringed. It is the only species in the genus Tellima. [more]

Tofieldia

Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous, glabrous. Stems scapelike, sometimes with 1-3 leaves near base, smooth. Leaves equitant, 2-ranked; blade linear. Inflorescences terminal, racemose, open to dense, sometimes spikelike, bracteate, sometimes bracteolate, elongating in fruit; bracteoles connate in epicalyx. Flowers inserted singly; tepals persistent, 6, in 2 somewhat dissimilar series, distinct; stamens 6; filaments dilated basally, strongly flattened (except T. coccinea) ; anthers basifixed, 2-locular, introrse, without appendages; ovary superior, stipitate, apocarpous basally, glabrous; intercarpellary nectary present; styles 3. Fruits capsular, broadly ellipsoid to globose or obovoid, chartaceous, glabrous, dehiscence septicidal, then adaxially loculicidal. Seeds reddish brown, without appendages. x = 15.[45] [more]

Turritis

Herbs biennial, rarely short-lived perennial, glaucous above. Trichomes simple and/or stalked forked or substellate. Stems erect, simple or branched apically. Basal leaves petiolate, rosulate, simple, repand, dentate, or lobed, rarely entire. Cauline leaves sessile, auriculate, sagittate, or amplexicaul at base, entire. Racemes ebracteate, corymbose, elongated considerably in fruit. Fruiting pedicels slender, erect or divaricate. Sepals oblong or linear, erect, base of lateral pair not saccate, margin membranous. Petals yellowish, creamy white, pink, or purplish; blade spatulate, oblanceolate, or rarely linear, apex obtuse; claw undifferentiated from blade. Stamens 6, erect, tetradynamous; filaments not dilated at base; anthers oblong or linear, obtuse at apex. Nectar glands confluent and subtending bases of all stamens, median glands present, lateral ones annular. Ovules 130-200 per ovary. Fruit dehiscent siliques, linear, often subterete-quadrangular, sessile; valves leathery, with a prominent midvein, glabrous, smooth; replum rounded; septum complete, membranous, veinless; style short, stout; stigma capitate, subentire. Seeds biseriate, wingless or rarely narrowly winged, elliptic or orbicular, flattened; seed coat not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons accumbent.[46] [more]

Yucca

Plants perennial, acaulescent or caulescent, sometimes subscapose, sometimes arborescent, usually branching extensively, from woody, subterranean or aboveground caudices, or single stems. Leaves sessile, in rosettes on caudices or at branch ends; blade linear-lanceolate, expanded basally, usually rigid, occasionally fleshy, margins entire or denticulate, often filiferous and separating into elongated fibers, corneous, apex mostly sharp-pointed. Scape, when present, usually less than 2.5 cm diam. Inflorescences erect or rarely pendent, paniculate or racemose, sometimes paniculate proximally and racemose distally, bracteate, occasionally pubescent; bracts ascending, erect, or rarely reflexed; peduncle sometimes scapelike, sometimes extending beyond leaves, sometimes pubescent. Flowers bisexual; perianth campanulate or globose; tepals 6, similar, fleshy, distinct to or connate at base, whitish to cream or tinged slightly with green or purple, occasionally pubescent; stamens 6; filaments flattened, as wide as anthers, smooth, papillose, or granular, fleshy; pistil obovoid or oblong-cylindrical; ovary superior, usually green, 3-locular or 6-locular with false septa, 6-lobed; style white to dark green, often thick; stigmas usually 3, sometimes 1 and subcapitate, white to pale green, 1-2 mm. Fruits erect or pendent, capsular or baccate. Seeds many per locule, usually black, occasionally gray, flattened, round, rarely obovate or ovate. x = 25, 30.[47] [more]

Ziziphora

Plants annual or perennial, herbaceous or subshrubby. Leaves short petiolate or subsessile; leaf blade abaxially glandular. Verticillasters scattered in leaf axils or crowded in a terminal capitulum; floral leaves as large as stem leaves or reduced. Calyx narrowly cylindric, straight to slightly curved, 13-veined, villous annulate at throat, obscurely 2-lipped, upper lip 3-toothed, lower lip 2-toothed; teeth subequal, close together, rarely divergent following anthesis. Corolla limb 2-lipped; upper lip straight, margin entire, apex emarginate; lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, middle lobe narrower than suborbicular lateral lobes, apex emarginate. Anterior stamens fertile, reaching upper corolla lip, posterior stamens rudimentary, short, or absent; anther cells linear, 2 or only 1 developed, the other reduced to an appendage or absent. Style apex unequally 2-cleft, posterior lobe short. Nutlets ovoid, smooth.[48] [more]

At least 62 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Ziziphora.

More info about the Genus Ziziphora may be found here.

Bibliography

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Footnotes

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  1. Richard S. Hunt "Abies". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  2. Dale W. McNeal Jr. & T. D. Jacobsen "Allium". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 53, 55, 224, 225, 259, 334, 336. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  3. Ku Tsue-chih, Stephen A. Spongberg "Amelanchier". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 190. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  4. Linda E. Watson "Anthemis". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 14, 487, 537, 547, 548. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  5. "Arabis". in Flora of China Vol. 8 Page 113. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  6. "Armoracia". in Flora of China Vol. 8 Page 86. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  7. Jenny Qiuyun Xiang & David E. Boufford "Aucuba". in Flora of China Vol. 14 Page 222. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  8. Zhen-lan Wu & Sylvia M. Phillips "Avena". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 316, 323. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  9. http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Azilia&search=Search
  10. Thomas A. Lumpkin "Azolla". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  11. "Buxus". in Flora of Pakistan Page 4.. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  12. "Canna". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  13. "Cardamine". in Flora of China Vol. 8 Page 86. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  14. David J. Keil, Jörg Ochsmann "Centaurea". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 52, 57, 58, 67, 83, 84, 96, 171, 172, 176, 177, EFloras.org.
  15. "Cestrum". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 330. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  16. Ku Tsue-chih, Stephen A. Spongberg "Chaenomeles". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 171. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  17. David C. Michener "Chamaecyparis". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  18. Lu Ling-ti, Anthony R. Brach "Cotoneaster". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 85. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  19. "Cycas". in Flora of China Vol. 4 Page 1. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  20. Yinzheng Wang, Michael G. Gilbert, Brian F. Mathew & Christopher Brickell "Daphne". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 213, 215, 223, 230, 246. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  21. Masahiro Kato "Deparia". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
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  34. Zhi-Yun Zhang & Thawatchai Santisuk "Incarvillea". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 220. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
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  41. http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Pieris&search=Search
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  44. Gelin Zhu, Harald Riedl & Rudolf V. Kamelin "Symphytum". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 359. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
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Sources

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Last Revised: September 22, 2009
2009/09/22 15:06:38