Overview
Anacardiaceae (the cashew family) is a of flowering plants bearing fruits that are drupes and in some cases producing urushiol, an irritant. Its 82 genera1] include several of economic importance. Notable plants in this family include cashew (in the type genus Anacardium), mango, poison ivy, sumac, smoke tree, and pistachio. Including pistachio, the genus Pistacia sometimes is placed in its own family, Pistaciaceae.
Photos
Taxonomy
The Family Anacardiaceae is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Subfamily (22): Anacardioideae · Asteroideae · Boraginoideae · Cactoideae · Caryophylloideae · Coliadinae · Epidendroideae · Ericoideae · Faboideae · Iridoideae · Nepetoideae · Pistacioideae · Polemonioideae · Pooideae · Pyroideae · Rhododendroideae · Spondioideae · Tabaninae · Theoideae · Ulmoideae · Vaccinioideae · Yuccoideae
- Tribe (24): Andromedeae · Archipini · Bombini · Calluneae · Coreopsideae · Cymbidieae · Diapensieae · Ericeae · Eritricheae · Irideae · Lithospermeae · Maleae · Notocacteae · Polemonieae · Rhododendreae · Rhoeae · Salvieae · Semecarpeae · Sileneae · Spiraeeae · Spondieae · Theeae · Trifolieae · Triticeae
- Genus (171): Abrahamia · Acajuba · Actinocheita · Allospondias · Amphipterygium · Anacardia · Anacardium · Anaphrenium · Anasyllis · Anauxanopetalum · Androtium · Antrocaryon · Apterokarpos · Astronium · Attilaea · Baronia · Blepharocarya · Bonetiella · Botryceras · Bouea · Buchanania · Calesiam · Calesium · Calsiama · Cambessedea · Campnospera · Campnosperma · Cardenasiodendron · Cassuvium · Catutsjeron · Choerospondias · Comeurya · Comocladia · Coniogeton · Cotinus · Cotynus · Cyrtocarpa · Cyrtospermum · Cytheraea · Daphnitis · Dasycarya · Dodonaea · Dracontomelon · Dracontomelum · Drepanospermum · Drimycarpus · Duckera · Dupuisia · Duvaua · Emiliomarcelia · Euleria · Euroschinus · Evia · Evrardia · Faguetia · Fegimanra · Festania · Gluta · Glycycarpus · Haberlia · Hadestaphylum · Haematostaphis · Haplorhus · Haplospondias · Harpephyllum · Heeria · Hitzera · Holigarna · Hypopterygium · Joncquetia · Juliania · Kokkia · Koordersiodendron · Lannea · Lanneoma · Lanzana · Laurophyllum · Laurophyllus · Lentiscus · Lithraea · Lithrea · Lobadium · Loxopterygium · Loxostylis · Lundia · Malosma · Manga · Mangifera · Mauria · Melanochyla · Melanococca · Melanocommia · Melanorrhea · Melanorrhoea · Metopium · Micronychia · Microstemon · Monodynamus · Mosquitoxylum · Myracrodruon · Neostyphonia · Nothopegia · Nothopegiopsis · Nothoprotium · Ochoterenaea · Odina · Oncocarpus · Operculicarya · Orthopterygium · Ozoroa · Pachycormus · Parishia · Pegia · Pentaspadon · Phanrangia · Philostemon · Phlebochiton · Phus · Pistacia · Pistacioxylon · Plectomirtha · Pleiogynium · Poupartia · Poupartiopsis · Protorhus · Pseudosmodingium · Pseudospondias · Quebrachia · Rhinocarpus · Rhodosphaera · Rhoeidium · Rhus · Rumphia · Sarcotheca · Scassellatia · Schinopsis · Schinus · Schmaltzia · Schmalzia · Sclerocarya · Searsia · Semecarpus · Semicarpus · Shakua · Skoliostigma · Smodingium · Solenocarpus · Soreindeia · Sorindeia · Sorindeiopsis · Spondianthus · Spondias · Spondiopsis · Stagmaria · Styphonia · Sumacus · Swintonia · Syndesmis · Tapirira · Terebinthus · Terminthia · Thyrsodium · Topirira · Toxicodendron · Trichoscypha · Tropidopetalum · Trujanoa · Turpinia · Veatchia · Warmingia · Wirtgenia
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 3,458 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in the Family Anacardiaceae.
Genera
Abrahamia
Acajuba
Actinocheita
Allospondias
Amphipterygium
Anacardia
Anacardium
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Anaphrenium
Anasyllis
Anauxanopetalum
Androtium
Antrocaryon
Antrocaryon micraster (also called Antrocaryon) is a species of in the Anacardiaceae family. It is found in Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Uganda. It is threatened by habitat loss. [more]
Apterokarpos
Astronium
Astronium ( Myracrodruon M.Allemăo) is a plant genus in the family Anacardiaceae. [more]
Attilaea
Baronia
The Short-horned Baronia (Baronia brevicornis) is a species of in the Papilionidae family. It is monotypic within the genus Baronia. It is endemic to Mexico. [more]
Blepharocarya
Bonetiella
Botryceras
Bouea
Buchanania
Buchanania is a genus of in family Anacardiaceae. [more]
Calesiam
Calesium
Calsiama
Cambessedea
Campnospera
Campnosperma
Campnosperma is a genus of in family Anacardiaceae. [more]
Cardenasiodendron
Cassuvium
Catutsjeron
Choerospondias
Comeurya
Comocladia
Coniogeton
Cotinus
Smoketree or Smoke bush (Cotinus) is a of two species of flowering plants in the family Anacardiaceae, closely related to the sumacs (Rhus). They are large shrubs or small trees, native to the warm temperate Northern Hemisphere. The leaves are deciduous, alternate, simple oval shape, 3-13 cm long. The flowers are clustered in a large open terminal panicles 15-30 cm long with a fluffy grayish-buff appearance resembling a cloud of smoke over the plant, from which the name derives. The fruit is a small drupe with a single seed. Often classified in Rhus in the past, they are distinguished by the leaves being simple (not pinnate) and the 'smoke-like' fluffy flower heads. [more]
Cotynus
Cyrtocarpa
Cyrtospermum
Cytheraea
Daphnitis
Dasycarya
Dodonaea
Shrubs or small trees, evergreen, sometimes with a glandular resinous exudate on leaves and inflorescences. Leaves simple or pinnate, estipulate. Flowers bisexual or unisexual and plants dioecious, actinomorphic, solitary and axillary or arranged in terminal and axillary racemes, corymbs or panicles. Sepals (3-) 5(-7), valvate or sometimes imbricate, deciduous when mature. Petals absent. Disk inconspicuous, absent in male flowers. Stamens (male flowers) 5-8; filaments short; anthers ellipsoid, obtusely 4-gonous, connectives prominent. Ovary (female flowers) ellipsoid, obcordiform, or transversely ellipsoid, 2- or 3(or 5 or 6) -gonous, 2- or 3(or 5 or 6) -loculed; ovules 2 per locule, one ascending, and one pendulous; style apical, much longer than ovary, often twisted, deciduous; stigma 2-6-lobed. Capsules samaralike, 2- or 3(-6) -loculed, septifragal, boatlike. Seeds 1 or 2 per locule, obovoid, lenslike, or subglobose; testa crustaceous, arillode present or absent; hilum thick; embryo revolute, cotyledons linear. 2n = 28, 30, 32.[1] [more]
Dracontomelon
Dracontomelon (Vietnamese:Chi S?u) is a genus of flowering plants in the family . [more]
Dracontomelum
Drepanospermum
Drimycarpus
Duckera
Dupuisia
Duvaua
Emiliomarcelia
Euleria
Euroschinus
Euroschinus is a genus of in family Anacardiaceae. [more]
Evia
Evia is a family name one branch of which was prominent in the politics and culture of Yucatán: [more]
Evrardia
Faguetia
Fegimanra
Festania
Gluta
Gluta is a genus of in family Anacardiaceae. [more]
Glycycarpus
Haberlia
Hadestaphylum
Haematostaphis
Haplorhus
Haplorhus is a genus of in family Anacardiaceae. [more]
Haplospondias
Harpephyllum
Heeria
Hitzera
Holigarna
Hypopterygium
Joncquetia
Juliania
Kokkia
Koordersiodendron
Lannea
Lannea is a genus of in family Anacardiaceae. [more]
Lanneoma
Lanzana
Laurophyllum
Laurophyllus
Lentiscus
Lithraea
Lithraea ( Lithrea Hook.) is a genus of flowering plants in the soapberry family Anacardiaceae. [more]
Lithrea
Lithraea ( Lithrea Hook.) is a genus of flowering plants in the soapberry family Anacardiaceae. [more]
Lobadium
Loxopterygium
Loxopterygium is a genus of in family Anacardiaceae. [more]
Loxostylis
Lundia
Malosma
Malosma is a plant genus for which only a single species, Malosma laurina, is proposed. Common names for the species include laurel sumac and lentisco (Spanish). Malosma laurina is found along the southern California and Baja California coasts; the name "laurel" was chosen because the foliage is reminiscent of bay laurel (Laurus nobilis), which is an otherwise unrelated small tree of the Mediterranean region. The species was previously assigned to the genus Rhus, and was known as Rhus laurina. [more]
Manga
Manga , pronounced /'m??g?/, are comics and print cartoons (sometimes also called komikku ????), in Japanese and conforming to the style developed in Japan in the late 20th century. In their modern form, manga date from shortly after World War II but have a long, complex history in earlier Japanese art. [more]
Mangifera
Trees with simple, entire leaves. Flowers disposed in terminal panicles, small and polgamous. Calyx deciduous. Petals 4-5, imbricate. Stamens as many as the petals, with only 1 functional stamen. Ovary unilocular, with a solitary ovule; style filiform. Fruit a large succulent drupe.[2] [more]
Mauria
Mauria is a genus of in family Anacardiaceae. [more]
Melanochyla
Melanochyla is a genus of in family Anacardiaceae. [more]
Melanococca
Melanocommia
Melanorrhea
Melanorrhoea
Metopium
Micronychia
Microstemon
Monodynamus
Mosquitoxylum
Myracrodruon
Astronium ( Myracrodruon M.Allemăo) is a plant genus in the family Anacardiaceae. [more]
Neostyphonia
Nothopegia
Nothopegia is a genus of in family Anacardiaceae. [more]
Nothopegiopsis
Nothoprotium
Ochoterenaea
Odina
Oncocarpus
Operculicarya
Operculicarya (also Operculicaria) is a plant of the family Anacardiaceae. [more]
Orthopterygium
Ozoroa
Ozoroa is a genus of in family Anacardiaceae. [more]
Pachycormus
Parishia
Pegia
Pentaspadon
Pentaspadon is a genus of in family Anacardiaceae. [more]
Phanrangia
Philostemon
Phlebochiton
Phus
Pistacia
Pistacia is a genus of ten species in the family , native to the Canary Islands, northwest Africa, southern Europe, central and eastern Asia, and North America (Mexico, Texas). They are shrubs and small trees growing to 5-15 m tall. The leaves are alternate, pinnately compound, and can be either evergreen or deciduous depending on species. All species are dioecious. The genus is estimated to be about 80 million years old. [more]
Pistacioxylon
Plectomirtha
Pleiogynium
Poupartia
Poupartia is a genus of in family Anacardiaceae. [more]
Poupartiopsis
Protorhus
Pseudosmodingium
Pseudospondias
Quebrachia
Rhinocarpus
Rhodosphaera
Rhoeidium
Rhus
Polygamous or dioecious trees or shrubs, usually sapiferous; sap often irritant. Leaves compound. Flowers small, greenish, in axillary or terminal panicles. Calyx persistent, 4-6-lobed; lobes imbricate. Petals 4-6, spreading. Disk present. Stamens as many as or twice the number of petals; anthers bilocular, imperfect in the female flowers. Ovary unilocular; styles 3, usually free. Drupe small and dry.[3] [more]
Rumphia
Sarcotheca
Sarcotheca is a genus of in family Oxalidaceae. [more]
Scassellatia
Schinopsis
A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]
Schinus
Tree or shrub with alternate, pinnate leaves. Flowers small, whitish, in terminal bracteate panicles. Calyx 5-lobed. Petals 5, imbricate. Disk annular and broad. Stamens twice as many as the petals. Fruit a globose drupe.[4] [more]
Schmaltzia
Schmalzia
Sclerocarya
Sclerocarya is a genus of in family Anacardiaceae. [more]
Searsia
Semecarpus
Semecarpus is a genus of in family Anacardiaceae. [more]
Semicarpus
Shakua
Skoliostigma
Smodingium
Solenocarpus
Soreindeia
Sorindeia
Sorindeia is a genus of in family Anacardiaceae. [more]
Sorindeiopsis
Spondianthus
Spondianthus is a of plant, in the family Phyllanthaceae and is the only genus comprised in the subtribe Spondianthinae. The genus is found in tropical Africa. [more]
Spondias
Spondias is a genus of of the family Anacardiaceae. The genus consists of 17 described species, 7 of which are native to the Neotropics and about 10 are native to tropical Asia. They are commonly named hog plums, Spanish plums and in some cases golden apples for their brightly-colored fruit which resemble an apple or large plum at a casual glance. They are only distantly related to apple and plum trees however. A more unequivocal common name is mombins. [more]
Spondiopsis
Stagmaria
Styphonia
Sumacus
Swintonia
Swintonia is a genus of in family Anacardiaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]
Syndesmis
Tapirira
Tapirira is a of flowering plants in the soapberry family Anacardiaceae. [more]
Terebinthus
Terebinthus (also Terebinthus of Turbo ) was the supposed pupil of , during the 1st-2nd century CE, according to the writings of Christian writer and anti-Manichaean polemicist Cyril of Jerusalem, and is mentioned earlier in the anonymously written, critical biography of Mani known as Acta Archelai. [more]
Terminthia
Thyrsodium
Thyrsodium is a genus of in family Anacardiaceae. [more]
Topirira
Toxicodendron
Toxicodendron is a genus of woody , shrubs and vines in the Anacardiaceae or Sumac Family, including poison ivy, poison oak, and the lacquer tree. All members of the genus produce the skin-irritating oil urushiol, which can cause a severe allergic reaction; hence the scientific name which means "poison tree". [more]
Trichoscypha
Trichoscypha is a genus of in family Anacardiaceae. [more]
Tropidopetalum
Trujanoa
Turpinia
Turpinia is a genus of in family Staphyleaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]
Veatchia
Warmingia
Wirtgenia
At least 7 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Wirtgenia.
More info about the Genus Wirtgenia may be found here.
References
- ^ Pell, Susan Katherine (2004-02-18). "Molecular Systematics of the Cashew Family (Anacardiaceae) (PhD dissertation at Louisiana State University)".
Bibliography
- .
- Lo Hsien-shui & Chen Te-chao. 1985. Sapindaceae (excluding Handeliodendron). In: Law Yuh-wu & Lo Hsien-shui, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 47(1): 1-72.
Footnotes
- "Dodonaea". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 6, 7. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Yasin J. Nasir "Mangifera". in Flora of Pakistan Page 19. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Yashin J. Nasir "Rhus". in Flora of Pakistan Page 4.. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- "Schinus". in Flora of Pakistan Page 20. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
Sources
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