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Amygdaloideae

(Subfamily)

Overview

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Prunoideae, also called Amygdaloideae, has been considered a subfamily within the family Rosaceae. It was formerly considered by some[citation needed] to be a separate family, the Prunaceae (Amygdalaceae). Commercially, important members of the Prunoideae include plum, cherry, apricot, peach, and almond. The fruit of these plants are known as stone fruit (botanically, a drupe), as each fruit contains a hard shell (botanically, the endocarp) called a stone or pit, which contains the single seed.

Taxonomy

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The taxonomy of this group of plants within the Rosaceae has recently been unclear. It was reported[2] that Prunoideae consist of two clades, Prunus-Maddenia and Exochorda-Oemleria-Prinsepia. Further refinement[1] shows that Exochorda-Oemleria-Prinsepia is somewhat separate from Prunus-Maddenia-Pygeum, and that, like subfamily Maloideae, all of these genera appear to be best considered within subfamily Spiraeoideae. With this classification the genus Prunus is considered to include Armeniaca, Cerasus, Amygdalus, Padus, Laurocerasus, Pygeum, and Maddenia.

Photos

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Taxonomy

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The Subfamily Amygdaloideae is a member of the Family Pinaceae. Here is the complete "parentage" of Amygdaloideae:

The Subfamily Amygdaloideae is further organized into finer groupings including:

Genera

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Acer

[more]

Aesculus

Trees or shrubs, deciduous. Winter buds large, viscid resinous or not, with several pairs of imbricate scales; scales abaxially glabrous or sparsely puberulent. Leaf blade 5-11-foliolate; leaflet blades without scattered, conspicuous glands, margin crenate to serrate or compoundly so. Thyrse cylindric or conic; branches simple; bracts absent. Flowers often large and showy. Sepals connate to form a tubular to campanulate calyx tube. Petals often unequal, base clawed, limb obovate, oblong, oblanceolate, or spatulate. Ovary without a gynophore; style long, slender; stigma depressed globose, entire or obscurely lobed. Capsule depressed globose to pyriform, without a long gynophore, often 1-seeded; pericarp usually smooth, often dotted, rarely verrucose or prickly. Seeds depressed globose to pyriform, large (2-7 cm) ; testa brown; hilum large, pale, occupying 1/3-1/2 of seed. x = 20.[1] [more]

Agastache

Herbs tall perennials. Leaves petiolate, margin dentate. Verticillasters many flowered, in terminal spikes. Calyx tubular-obconical, straight, 15-veined, not hairy annulate inside, throat oblique. Corolla tube straight, gradually dilated to throat, as long as to slightly longer than calyx, not hairy annulate inside, 2-lipped; upper lip straight, 2-lobed; lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, middle lobe widest, spreading, base not clawed, margin undulate, lateral lobes straight. Stamens 4, fertile, much exserted, posterior 2 longer and inclined forward, anterior 2 erect-ascending; anther cells 2, initially almost parallel, later ± divergent. Style subequally 2-cleft. Nutlets smooth, apex hairy.[2] [more]

Allagoptera

Allagoptera is a genus of flowering plant in the palm family found in South America consisting of four similar-looking species. Compared to other genera within the Cocoeae it is described as particularly specialized. The genus name is a Greek combination of "change" and "feather", describing the full leaf; it was formerly named Diplothemium. [more]

Allium

Herbs, perennial, scapose, from tunicate bulbs, with onion odor and taste. Bulbs solitary or clustered, dividing at base, or on rhizomes, reforming annually; outer coats generally brown or gray, smooth, fibrous, or with cellular reticulation (generally important in identification) ; inner coats membranous. Leaves generally withering from tip by anthesis, usually persistent, 1-12, basal; blade usually linear, terete, channeled, or flat (carinate in A. sativum, A. praecox, A. tuberosum, A. rotundum, A. neapolitanum, A. triquetrum, A. unifolium, and A. lacunosum), straight or ± falcate (coiled or circinate in A. nevadense and A. atrorubens), broader in A. victorialis and A. tricoccum, not petiolate (except in A. tricoccum and A. victorialis) . Scape usually persistent, terete or flattened. Inflorescences umbellate, flowering centripetally (centrifugally in A. schoenoprasum), sometimes replaced totally or partially by bulbils, subtended by spathe bracts; bracts conspicuous, ± fused, usually 3+-veined, equaling pedicel except in some introduced species, membranous. Flowers erect (pendent in A. triquetrum) ; tepals 6, in 2 similar whorls, ± distinct, petallike, usually becoming becoming dry and persisting; stamens 6, epipetalous; filaments in all but 1 native species broad at base, fused into ring (some introduced species and A. victorialis appendaged), linear, generally glabrous (A. rotundum and A. hoffmanii papillose to ciliate proximally) ; anthers and pollen variously colored; ovary superior, 3-lobed, sometimes crested with processes, 3-locular, usually 2 ovules per locule (6-8 in A. nigrum), crest processes 3 or 6, smooth except in A. haematochiton, A. sharsmithiae, and A. lacunosum; style 1; stigma capitate to ± 3-lobed; pedicel erect or spreading (lax in A. triquetrum) . Fruits capsular, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds black, obovoid, finely cellular-reticulate, cells smooth or minutely roughened, with 1-8 papillae, without caruncle except in A. triquetrum. x = 7, 8, 9.[3] [more]

Alnus

Trees or shrubs, to 35 m; trunks usually several, branching excurrent to deliquescent. Bark of trunks and branches light gray to dark brown, thin, smooth, close; lenticels often present, pale, prominent, sometimes horizontally expanded. Wood nearly white, turning reddish upon exposure to air, moderately light and soft, texture fine. Branches, branchlets, and twigs nearly 2-ranked to diffuse; young twigs uniform or ( Alnus subg. Alnobetula ) differentiated into long and short shoots. Winter buds stipitate (nearly sessile in Alnus subg. Alnobetula ), narrowly to broadly ovoid or ellipsoid, terete, apex acute to rounded; scales 2--3, valvate, or ( Alnus subg. Alnobetula ) several, imbricate, smooth, or ( Alnus subg. Clethropsis ) sometimes none. Leaves borne on long or short shoots, 3-ranked to nearly 2-ranked. Leaf blade ovate to elliptic or obovate, thin to leathery, base variable, cuneate to rounded, margins doubly serrate, serrate, serrulate, or nearly entire, apex variable, acute to obtuse or acuminate to rounded; surfaces glabrous to tomentose, abaxially sometimes resinous-glandular. Inflorescences: staminate catkins lateral, in racemose clusters or ( Alnus subg. Clethropsis ) solitary, formed ( Alnus subg. Alnus and Clethropsis ) during previous growing season and exposed or enclosed in buds during winter, or ( Alnus subg. Clethropsis ) formed and expanding during same growing season, expanding before or with leaves; pistillate catkins proximal to staminate catkins, solitary or in relatively small racemose clusters, erect to nearly pendulous, ovoid to ellipsoid, firm; scales and flowers crowded, developing and maturing at same time as staminate catkins. Staminate flowers in catkins, 3 per scale; stamens (3--) 4(--6) ; anthers and filaments undivided. Pistillate flowers usually 2 per scale. Infructescences erect or pendulous; scales persistent long after release of fruits, with 5 lobes, greatly thickened, woody. Fruits tiny samaras, lateral wings 2, leathery or membranaceous, reduced or essentially absent in some species. x = 7.[4] [more]

Aloe

Plants succulent, shrubby or arborescent, scapose. Stems erect, clambering or ascending, branched or not. Leaves succulent, crowded, often rosulate or distichous; blade margins spiny-toothed or entire. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, paniculate to more often racemose, dense, bracteate. Flowers usually nodding; perianth red to yellow; tepals connate basally to almost entirely into tube; stamens 3 or 6; style slender; pedicel not articulate. Capsules papery to woody. x = 7.[5] [more]

Alonsoa

Alonsoa (Mask flower) is a of 12 species of flowering plants in the family Scrophulariaceae, the figwort family. The genus includes both herbaceous and shrubby species. [more]

Alpingera

[more]

Alstroemeria

Herbs, perennial, from fascicles of fusiform tubers. Stems mostly simple; fertile stems to 1 m or more; sterile stems shorter, more leafy. Leaves alternate; petiole often twisted so as to invert leaf; blade parallel-veined, linear to ovate, margins entire. Inflorescences terminal, umbellate [or 1-flowered]. Flowers slightly zygomorphic; tepals 6, distinct, red, orange, purple, green, or white, frequently spotted, to 5 cm; stamens 6, inserted on perianth base, declinate, usually unequal; ovary inferior; style slender; stigma 3-lobed, filiform. Fruits capsular, 3-valved, dehiscence loculicidal.[6] [more]

Amygdalus

Trees or shrubs, deciduous. Branches unarmed or spiny. Axillary winter buds (2 or) 3, lateral ones flower buds, central one a leaf bud; terminal winter buds present. Stipules present. Leaves simple, alternate, sometimes fascicled on short branchlets, conduplicate when young; petiole usually with 2 nectaries or sometimes nectaries at base of leaf blade margin; leaf blade margin often serrate. Inflorescences borne on axillary short branches, 1(or 2) -flowered. Flowers bisexual, regular, opening before or rarely with leaves. Pedicel nearly absent or short, rarely long. Hypanthium caducous in fruit. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, pink or white, inserted on rim of hypanthium, imbricate. Stamens 15 to many, inserted with petals; filaments filiform, free. Ovary superior, hairy, 1-loculed; ovules 2, collateral, pendulous. Style terminal, elongated. Fruit a drupe, hairy, glabrous in some cultivated Amygdalus persica, with a conspicuous longitudinal groove; mesocarp fleshy and not splitting or dry and splitting when ripe; endocarp hard, 2-valved, globose or ellipsoid, usually compressed, surface furrowed, pitted, rugose, or smooth.[7] [more]

Anchusa

Herbs annual or perennial, sparsely strigose or hispid, rarely soft appressed pubescent. Stems erect or spreading. Leaves alternate. Cymes terminal, widely spaced in fruit, scorpioid; bracts lanceolate. Calyx 5-parted nearly to base or less; lobes equal or unequal, linear to triangular, often slightly enlarged in fruit. Corolla blue-purple or yellowish, regular or slightly zygomorphic; tube usually longer than calyx, straight or arcuate or geniculate curved; throat appendages scaly or tuberculate and short pubescent; limb campanulate; lobes 5, equal or unequal, apex obtuse. Stamens inserted at or below middle of corolla tube, included; filaments short, filiform; anthers ovate-oblong, apex obtuse. Ovary 4-divided. Style included in corolla tube; stigma capitate, 2-cleft. Gynobase flat. Nutlets straight, reniform, or oblique-ovoid, reticulate-wrinkled; attachment scar at or near base, margin ringlike, thickened, hardened.[8] [more]

Areca

Solitary or small clump-forming palms, stem annulate, slender, smooth, unarmed, 0.5-25 cm in diameter. Leaves pinnate, pinnae mostly narrow, often with 2 or more principal ribs, long acuminate, rather short stiff. Base of leaf stalk usually forming a prominent shining swollen crown shaft. Leaflets thin, often confluent. Inflorescence much branched, borne at the base of the crown shaft. Female flowers in triads at the base of the rachillae, male flowers small, variously arranged on the upper part of rachillae; sepals small; petals much large, obliquely lanceolate, valvate; stamens 3-6 (-12-24) or more; anthers basifixed, erect; female flowers on the base of the rachillae larger than the male, sepals and petals imbricate, petals acute; ovary one-chambered, stigmas 3, very short; ovule one, basal, erect. Fruit ovoid or oblong, exocarp fleshy, fibrous. Seeds with truncate base, embryo basilar.[9] [more]

Arum

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Begonia

Perennial succulent herbs, rarely subshrubs. Stem erect, frequently rhizomatous, or plants tuberous and either acaulescent or shortly stemmed, rarely lianoid or climbing with adventitious roots, or stoloniferous. Leaves simple, rarely palmately compound, alternate or all basal; blade often oblique and asymmetric, rarely symmetric, margin often irregularly serrate and divided, occasionally entire, venation usually palmate; petiole long, weak; stipules membranous, usually deciduous. Flowers unisexual, plants monoecious, rarely dioecious, (1 or) 2-4 to several, rarely numerous, in dichotomous cymes, sometimes in panicle, with pedicels and bracts. Staminate flower: tepals 2 or 4 and decussate, usually outer ones larger, inner ones smaller; stamens usually numerous; filaments free or connate at base; anthers 2-celled, apical or lateral; connectives extended at apex, sometimes apiculate. Pistillate flower: tepals 2-5(-10) ; pistil composed of 2-5(-7) carpels; ovary inferior, 1-3(-7) -loculed; placentae axile or parietal; styles 2 or 3(or more), free or fused at base, forked once or more; stigma turgid, spirally twisted-tortuous or U-shaped, capitate or reniform, setose-papillose. Capsule dry, sometimes berrylike, unequally or subequally 3-winged, rarely wingless and 3- or 4-horned; seeds very numerous, pale brown, oblong, minute, testa reticulate.[10] [more]

Betula

Trees or shrubs, to 30 m; trunks often several, branching excurrent, becoming deliquescent. Bark of trunks and branches dark brown to chalky white, smooth, often exfoliating; lenticels dark, prominent, sometimes horizontally expanded. Wood nearly white to reddish brown, light and soft to moderately heavy and hard, texture fine. Branches, branchlets, and twigs nearly 2-ranked; young twigs differentiated into long and short shoots, sometimes with taste and odor of wintergreen. Winter buds sessile, slender, terete, apex acute; scales several, imbricate, smooth. Leaves mostly on short shoots, nearly 2-ranked. Leaf blade ovate to deltate, elliptic, or nearly orbiculate, 0.5--10(--14) × 0.5--8 cm, thin, margins doubly serrate or serrate (or crenate to shallowly round-lobed in dwarf northern species) ; surfaces glabrous to tomentose, sometimes abaxially resinous-glandular. Inflorescences: staminate catkins mostly terminal on branchlets, solitary or in small racemose clusters, formed previous growing season and often exposed during winter, expanding with leaves; pistillate catkins proximal to staminate catkins, mostly solitary, erect, ovoid to cylindric, firm; scales and flowers crowded, enclosed within buds during winter, expanding with leaves. Staminate flowers in catkins 3 per scale; stamens (1--) 2--3(--4), filaments divided below anthers, nearly to base. Pistillate flowers (1--) 3 per scale. Infructescences erect or pendulous; scales usually deciduous with release of fruits (although persisting into winter in a few species), (1--) 3-lobed, thickened or leathery but not woody. Fruits samaras, lateral wings 2, moderately wide to broad, membranaceous. x = 14.[11] [more]

Blechnum

Plants terrestrial or rarely on rock. Stems creeping to ascending or erect, slender to stout, sometimes climbing [rarely subarborescent]; scales brown or black. Leaves monomorphic or variously dimorphic, cespitose to scattered. Blades pinnatifid to 1-pinnate, rarely simple or 2-pinnate. Rachis and costae glabrous, scaly, or hairy abaxially. Veins free, often forked. Sori borne on vascular commissures parallel to costae, 1 per side, normally uninterrupted, linear, continuous along length of costa. Spores with perine smooth to variously winged or rugose. x = 28, 29, 31, 32, 34, 36.[12] [more]

Brahea

Brahea is a of palms in the Arecaceae family. They are commonly referred to as Hesper Palms and are endemic to Mexico and Central America. All Hesper Palms have large, fan-shaped leaves. There are 11 species described in the genus as follows: [more]

Calceolaria

Calceolaria , also called Lady's purse, Slipper flower and Pocketbook flower, or Slipperwort, is a genus of plants in the Calceolariaceae family, sometimes classified in Scrophulariaceae by some authors. This genus consists of about 388 species of shrubs, lianas and herbs, and the geographic range extends from Patagonia to central Mexico, with its distribution centre in Andean region. Calceolaria in Latin means shoemaker. [more]

Campanula

Plants perennial or annual, erect trailing or decumbent, glabrous, pubescent, or hirsute. Leaves simple, alternate or forming rosettes at the base. Inflorescence 1-many flowered, with racemes or spikes. Flowers blue to purple or white. Sepals 5, with or without reflexed appendages between lobes; calyx tube adnate to the ovary, segments 5-lobed. Corolla campanulate, funnel-shaped or tubular. Stamens 5, free, filaments dilated at the base. Ovary 3-locular; style cylindrical; stigmas 3. Fruit a capsule, elongated to ovoid, obovoid or round, with membran¬ous walls; dehiscence by irregular pores at the bases or the sides. Seeds minute, numerous.[13] [more]

Canna

Herbs, rhizomatous, 1--2[--5] m, forming small to large monotypic stands. Leaves green [bronze or magenta in hybrids and cultivars], often glaucous [lanuginose]; blade narrowly ovate to narrowly elliptic, 20--70 cm ´ 15--30 cm, base gradually or abruptly tapered, apex acute to acuminate. Inflorescences: peduncles green [magenta], often glaucous; bracts green [magenta], often glaucous; primary bracts to 30 cm, secondary bracts to 20 cm; floral bracts 0.5--3 ´ 0.3--1.5 cm, papery. Flowers nearly sessile, subtended by pedicel bract; sepals usually green [magenta], often less than half size of petals; petals sharply reflexed or not, green or brightly colored, 4--15 cm, generally shorter than staminodes; staminodes pale yellow to deep crimson red; labellum 3--9 ´ 4--10 cm; ovary green [magenta]. Capsules brown, 1.5--6 ´ 2--4.5 cm, warty, becoming papery. Seeds 5--25[--75] per capsule, medium to dark brown or black, 4--10 ´ 4--8 mm.[14] [more]

Ceanothus

Ceanothus is a genus of about 50–60 species of shrubs or small trees in the buckthorn family Rhamnaceae. The genus is confined to North America, the center of its distribution in California, with some species (e.g. C. americanus) in the eastern United States and southeast Canada, and others (e.g. C. coeruleus) extending as far south as Guatemala. Most are shrubs 0.5–3 m tall, but C. arboreus and C. thyrsiflorus, both from California, can be small trees up to 6–7 m tall. [more]

Cerasus

Trees or shrubs, deciduous. Branches unarmed. Axillary winter buds 1 or 3, lateral buds flower buds, central bud a leaf bud; terminal winter buds present. Stipules soon caducous, margin serrulate, teeth often gland-tipped. Leaves simple, alternate or fascicled on short branchlets, conduplicate when young; petiole usually with 2 apical nectaries or nectaries sometimes at base of leaf blade margin; leaf blade margin singly or doubly serrate, rarely serrulate. Inflorescences axillary, fasciculate-corymbose or 1-or 2-flowered, base often with an involucre formed by floral bud scales. Flowers opening before or at same time as leaves, pedicellate, with persistent scales or conspicuous bracts. Hypanthium campanulate or tubular. Sepals 5, reflexed or erect. Petals 5, white or pink. Stamens 15-50, inserted on or near rim of hypanthium. Carpel 1. Ovary superior, 1-loculed, hairy or glabrous; ovules 2, collateral, pendulous. Style terminal, elongated, hairy or glabrous; stigma emarginate. Fruit a drupe, glabrous, not glaucous, without a longitudinal groove. Mesocarp succulent, not splitting when ripe; endocarp globose to ovoid, smooth or ± rugose.[15] [more]

Ceroxylon

Ceroxylon is a genus of in the Arecaceae family, native to the Andes in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, known as Andean wax palms. The species are almost exclusively montane and include the tallest palm (and thus tallest monocotyledon), C. quindiuense, which reaches 200 feet in height, and species growing at the highest altitude of the palm family (Arecaceae), at more than 10,000 feet in elevation.
Ceroxylon palms develop single, smooth, wax-covered, often whitish cylindrical trunks encircled by ringed leafbase scars. Ceroxylon species are dioecious (the individual plant produces flowers of only one sex). Leaves are pinnate. Inflorescences emerge from among, and often project conspicuously beyond, the leaves. Round fruits, up to one inch in diameter, are red or orange at maturity. Many Ceroxylon species are endangered by habitat destruction.
Two species of Andean wax palms, C. quindi uense and C. alpinum, provide nesting sites and food for species of Colombian parrots now in danger of extinction, Ognorhynchus icterotis and Conurus icterotis.
Several Ceroxylon species, including C. quindiuense, C. alpinum, C. vogelianum, C. ventricosum, and C. parvifrons, are cultivated ornamentally outside their native range in cool, humid, mild climates with minimal frosts, such as parts of Australia, coastal California, Hawai'i, New Zealand, South Africa, and coastal Western Europe. The Jose Celestino Mutis Botanical Garden in Bogotá, Colombia, contains an extensive planting of Ceroxylon palms. Other public gardens where cultivated Ceroxylon s can be viewed include the San Francisco Botanical Garden in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California, the Huntington Botanical Gardens, in Pasadena (near Los Angeles), California, and the Oakland Palmetum at the Lakeside Garden Center in Oakland, California.
The genus contains the following species: [more]

Chamaecyparis

Trees (rarely shrubs). Branchlets terete or rhombic in cross section, in fan-shaped or pinnately flattened sprays. Leaves opposite in 4 ranks. Adult leaves usually appressed, lateral and facial pairs similar, closely overlapping, scalelike, free portion of long-shoot leaves to ca. 7 mm; abaxial glands present or absent, circular to linear. Pollen cones with 2--3 pairs of sporophylls, each sporophyll with 2--4 pollen sacs. Seed cones maturing and opening in 1--2 years, nearly globose, glaucous, 4--12 mm; scales persistent, 2--5(--6) pairs, valvate, peltate or basifixed, thick and woody, terminal pair often fused. Seeds 1--4 per cone scale, lenticular, equally 2-winged; cotyledons 2--3. x = 11.[16] [more]

Chamaesphacos

Herbs annual, subglabrous. Leaves petiolate, subulate-serrate, teeth spinescent. Verticillasters 2-6-flowered, widely spaced basally, crowded apically; bracts subulate. Calyx tubular-campanulate, 10- or 11-veined, dilated in fruit, upper lip 3-toothed, lower lip 2-toothed; teeth triangular, apex subulate-acuminate. Corolla tube slender, much exserted; upper lip straight; lower lip shorter, spreading, 3-lobed; lobes subequal, obovate. Stamens 4, anterior 2 longer; filaments inserted on corolla throat, shorter than upper corolla lip; anthers oblong, cells 2, divaricate. Style apex subequally 2-cleft, lobes subulate. Nutlets black, oblong, smooth, sometimes scaly spotted, narrowly membranous winged.[17] [more]

Chrysothemis

A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]

Cistus

Clinopodium

Herbs perennial. Leaves dentate, reduced upward, bractlike. Verticillasters ± headlike, in panicles; peduncle sometimes present; bracts linear to needlelike, to as long as calyx. Calyx tubular, 13-veined, sometimes constricted at middle, swollen on 1 side at base, straight or slightly curved, throat sparsely hairy, limb 2-lipped; upper lip 3-toothed, teeth ciliate, apex mucronate; lower lip longer, 2-toothed. Corolla purple-red, reddish, or white, 2-lipped; tube exserted, gradually dilated upward to throat, with 2 rows of hairs, puberulent; upper lip straight, apex emarginate; lower lip 3-lobed, lateral lobes entire; middle lobe larger, emarginate or entire. Stamens 4, anterior 2 longer than posterior 2, reaching upper corolla lip, included or slightly exserted, posterior stamens sometimes rudimentary; anther cells 2, divaricate, ± obliquely inserted on dilated connectives. Style apex unequally 2-cleft, anterior lobe lanceolate, posterior lobe indistinct; ovary glabrous. Nutlets ovoid or subglobose, less than 1 mm in diam., glabrous, areolae small, basal.[18] [more]

Cortusa

Herbs perennial. Leaves basal, long petiolate, cordate-orbicular, palmately lobed; lobes dentate to incised. Inflorescences scapose, umbellate, with bracts. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx deeply parted; lobes lanceolate, persistent. Corolla tube short; limb infundibuliform, parted to 1/2 or below. Stamens included, attached at base of corolla; filaments dilated, connate basally into a ring; anthers apiculate. Ovary ovoid; style filiform, exserted; stigma small, capitate. Capsule ovoid to subcylindric, dehiscing by 5 short valves. Seeds numerous, compressed-globose.[19] [more]

Dactylorhiza

Herbs, perennial, terrestrial, rather succulent, glabrous. Roots from base of stem fascicled tuberoids, usually palmately divided with 2-5 lobes, fleshy. Stems leafy. Leaves several, ascending to recurved, not enfolded around spike, with or without purplish spots; base sheathing in proximal leaves, distal leaves bractlike, not sheathing. Inflorescences terminal, spikes; floral bracts foliaceous, prominent. Flowers few to many, resupinate; dorsal sepal, sometimes lateral sepals, and petals connivent, forming hood distal to lip; petals ± obliquely dilated basally; lip 3-lobed, base spurred, margins occasionally entire, nectarless; pollinaria 2, each with 1 pollen mass; viscidia within single 2-lobed bursicle; stigma reniform or obcordate, concave with median ridge, hidden behind bursicle. Fruits capsules, ascending, ellipsoid.[20] [more]

Diplazium

Plants terrestrial or on rock. Stems creeping, ascending, or erect, stolons absent. Leaves monomorphic, evergreen or dying back in winter. Petiole ca. 1/2 to equaling length of blade, base swollen and persisting as trophopod over winter or not; vascular bundles 2, lateral, lunate in cross section. Blade oblong-lanceolate to deltate, 1-pinnate to 2-pinnate-pinnatifid [simple to 4-pinnate-pinnatifid], gradually reduced distally to pinnatifid apex or apical pinna similar to (conform) adjacent pinnae, herbaceous to papery. Pinnae not articulate to rachis, segment margins entire, crenulate, or serrate; proximal pinnae not reduced, sessile, equilateral or inequilateral; costae adaxially deeply grooved, grooves continuous with that of rachis; indument abaxially absent or of linear to ovate scales, adaxially absent. Veins free, simple or forked, or basal pairs of adjacent segments anastomosing. Sori single or paired back-to-back on veins, oblong to linear, straight or slightly falcate; indusia linear, laterally attached, persistent. Spores brownish, usually broadly winged. x = 40, 41.[21] [more]

Discula

Discula is a of small land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails. [more]

Dodecatheon

Dodecatheon is a genus of flowering plants in the Primrose family Primulaceae. The species have basal clumps of leaves and nodding flowers that are produced at the top of tall stems that rise from where the leaves join the crown. They are commonly called Shooting Stars because of the flower shape. The genus is largely confined to North America, and part of northeastern Siberia. Common names also include, American Cowslip, Mosquito Bills, Mad Violets, and Sailor-caps. A few species are grown in gardens for their showy and unique flower display. [more]

Doronicum

Perennials, 10-60(-90) [-150+] cm (rhizomes sericeous at nodes [glabrous or glabrate]). Stems usually 1, erect. Leaves basal and cauline; alternate; petiolate (petiole bases sometimes dilated, clasping) or sessile; blades palmati-pinnately or pinnately nerved, elliptic, lanceolate, ovate-orbiculate, or ovate [oblong, pandurate, spatulate], margins entire or crenate to denticulate, faces glabrous or arachnose to pilose, sometimes glandular-pubescent (especially along veins). Heads radiate, borne singly or in corymbiform arrays (peduncles often glandular-pubescent). Calyculi 0. Involucres campanulate to hemispheric or broader, 22-40 mm. Phyllaries persistent, 21-30+ in 2-3+ series, erect to spreading, distinct or nearly so, lanceolate to lance-linear or subulate, equal to subequal, margins seldom scarious (often ciliate). Receptacles convex to hemispheric, smooth or foveolate (pilose), epaleate. Ray florets [13-]21-40+ (more in horticultural doubles), pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow. Disc florets [50-]100-250+, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow, tubes shorter than to equaling funnelform throats, lobes 5, erect or recurved, lance-deltate to lance-linear (lengths to 5 times widths) ; style branches: stigmatic areas continuous, apices rounded to truncate. Cypselae flattened, broadly obovate, 5- or 10-ribbed, glabrous or hairy; pappi persistent, usually of 40-60, white or stramineous, barbellulate bristles (in 1-2 series), sometimes 0 in ray florets (e.g., D. pardalianches). x = 30.[22] [more]

Drosera

Herbs perennial or annual, with rhizomes, fibrous roots, or tubers with a vertical stolon below ground. Stem very short, long and erect, or climbing. Leaves basal and rosulate, or alternate, petiolate, with glandular, papillose hairs. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic. Sepals (4 or) 5(or 6-12), free or connate at base, persistent. Petals 5, free, closing and contorted after anthesis, persistent. Stamens as many as petals. Ovary superior, 1-loculed, 2-5-carpellate; placentation parietal; styles (2 or) 3-5(or 6), free or connate at base, persistent. Capsule dehiscent, 2-6-valved. Seeds numerous, ellipsoid or linear, sometimes winged.[23] [more]

Ephedra

Shrubs or occasionally clambering vines. Branches jointed, yellowish green to olive-green when young. Leaves opposite or in whorls of 3, apex obtuse to setaceous from an adaxial-median thickening. Pollen cones lanceoloid or ellipsoid to ovoid or obovoid. Seed cones ellipsoid to ovoid, obovoid, or nearly globose. Seeds ellipsoid to globose, yellow to dark brown, smooth to scabrous or furrowed. x = 7.[24] [more]

Epilobium

Herbs perennial [or annual, sometimes suffrutescent], with leafy rosettes, stolons, soboles (shoots), or turions (subterranean globose buds with fleshy scales) . Stems glabrous to pubescent, often with lines of hairs decurrent from margins of petioles. Leaves opposite, becoming alternate and bractlike in inflorescence; petiolate or sessile; stipules absent; bracteoles absent. Inflorescences simple or branched racemes, panicles, spikes, or corymbs. Flowers 4-merous, often protandrous, with floral tube, producing nectar at base of style. Petals pink to rose-purple or white [or rarely cream-colored or orange-red], obcordate or obtrullate, notched at apex. Stamens 8, in two unequal whorls; pollen yellow, shed in tetrads. Style erect; stigma entire or 4-lobed. Fruit an elongate, slender capsule, 4-loculed, loculidical. Seeds many [or rarely only 4], generally with terminal coma of silky hairs [or coma rarely lacking]. 2n = [18, 20, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32,] 36, [38, 60].[25] [more]

Ercus

A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]

Euryops

Euryops is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Exochorda

Shrubs deciduous. Branches spreading; branchlets angled, glabrous; buds ± ovoid, with several imbricate scales, glabrous or subglabrous, apex obtuse or acute. Leaves petiolate; stipules absent or small and caducous; leaf blade simple, margin entire or serrate. Inflorescence a terminal raceme. Flowers rather large, more than 2 cm in diam. Hypanthium shallowly campanulate. Sepals 5, very short and broad. Petals 5, imbricate, white, oblong to broadly obovate, base attenuate into a claw. Stamens 15-30; filaments borne on margin of large disk, short. Carpels 5, connate; ovary superior, deeply furrowed, 5-loculed; styles free. Fruit a capsule, obconic, 5-angled, dehiscent along both sutures. Seeds 1 or 2, oblate, winged.[26] [more]

Fagraea

Trees or shrubs, sometimes scandent, epiphytic or semi-epiphytic. Leaves petiolate or sometimes sessile; stipules connate into an ocrea which usually splits early into 2 axillary scales; leaf blade margin entire or rarely crenulate, veins often inconspicuous. Flowers terminal or axillary, solitary or in cymes forming racemes, corymbs, or panicles, 5-merous, large. Calyx deeply divided; lobes broad, thick, imbricate, base inside with colleters. Corolla funnelform to salverform, with a long tube; lobes shorter than tube, contorted, overlapping to right in bud. Stamens inserted at or near corolla mouth, often exserted; filaments filiform; anthers introrse. Ovary 1-locular with parietal placentation or 2-locular with axillary placentation, with many ovules per locule. Style filiform to thick; stigma capitate, obconical, peltate, or 2-cleft. Berries globose to ellipsoid, 1- or 2-locular, many-seeded. Endosperm horny.[27] [more]

Fagus

Trees, winter-deciduous. Terminal buds present, long, tapered in maturity, all scales imbricate. Leaves: stipules prominent on new growth, soon deciduous. Leaf blade thin, secondary veins unbranched, ± parallel, extending to margin, each vein ending in acute or obscure tooth. Inflorescences unisexual, axillary in new growth leaves; staminate inflorescence lax, loosely capitate cluster of flowers; pistillate inflorescence short, stiff, cupule 1, terminal. Staminate flowers: sepals connate; stamens 6-16; pistillode typically absent. Pistillate flowers 2 per cupule; sepals distinct; carpels and styles 3. Fruits: maturation in 1st year following pollination; cupule 4-valved, valves distinct, ±completely enclosing nuts until maturity, prickly, prickles stout, unbranched, short, not obscuring surface of cupule, internal valves absent; nuts 2 per cupule, sharply 3-angled, slightly winged. x = 12.[28] [more]

Fritillaria

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Fuchsia

Fuchsia is a of flowering plants, mostly shrubs, and can grow long shoots, which were identified by Charles Plumier in the late-17th century, and named by Plumier in 1703 after the German botanist Leonhart Fuchs (1501–1566). The English name fuchsias is frequently misspelled "fuschias". [more]

Geranium

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves usually alternate, stipulate, variously divided. Peduncles (1-) 2-flowered. Flowers often showy, regular, usually 5-merous. Petals alternating with 5 nectiferous glands. Stamens (5-) 10, staminodes occasional. Carpels usually 5, adnate, separating septifragally from the central axis at maturity. Ovary 5-lobed. Fruit schizocarpic, of 5 mericarps which remain attached to an elastically coiling stylar axis upwards; mericarps without apical pits.[29] [more]

Gladiolus

Herbs, perennial, from corms. Stems simple or branched. Leaves 1-9; blade lanceolate to linear, plane or margins and/or midribs variously raised and thickened (then H- or X-shaped in cross section), or evidently terete, midribs and margins much thickened, grooved; grooves 4, narrow, longitudinal. Inflorescences spicate, partly to fully secund or with flowers weakly distichous; bracts green, sometimes flushed grayish purple, unequal, outer usually exceeding inner, acute or inner forked or notched apically. Flowers somewhat fragrant, zygomorphic [actinomorphic]; tepals basally connate into tube, variously colored, usually with contrasting markings comprising nectar guide on outer tepals, usually unequal, dorsal tepal largest, arched to hooded over stamens, outer 3 tepals narrower; perianth tube obliquely funnel-shaped to cylindric; stamens usually unilateral; anthers usually parallel; style usually arching over stamens, dividing into 3 filiform branches, these distally expanded. Capsules usually slightly inflated, oblong to ellipsoid or globose [rarely nearly cylindric], softly cartilaginous. Seeds usually many, broadly winged; rarely few, wingless, globose or angular; seed coat light to dark brown. x = 15.[30] [more]

Gundelia

The gundelia is a spiny, thistle-like flowering of the genus Gundelia L. in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). [more]

Heliconia

Plants: pseudostems erect, in groups of [1--]5--50. Leaves: petiole long [short or nearly absent], base of blade unequal on either side of midrib. Inflorescences terminal, erect [pendent], raceme of cincinni; cincinni spiral [2-ranked]; cincinnal bract ± enclosing each cincinnus, brightly colored, leaflike. Flowers each subtended by membranous floral bract. Fruits blue [rarely red or orange] at maturity. Seeds surrounded by stony, roughened endocarp (pyrenes). x = 12.[31] [more]

Hemerocallis

Herbs, perennial, scapose, clump-forming, rhizomatous, from fibrous or fleshy contractile roots often enlarged at ends; rhizomes spreading. Leaves many, basal, sessile, 2-ranked, bases sheathing; blade long-linear, keeled, apex acuminate. Inflorescences 2, in terminal helicoid cyme, or solitary. Flowers mostly diurnal and ephemeral, slightly irregular, showy; tepals 6, connate basally into short, funnelform to campanulate tube, distinct parts imbricate, spreading, inner broader than outer; stamens 6, adnate to throat of perianth tube; filaments curved upward, distinct, unequal; anthers dorsifixed, 2-locular, linear-oblong, dehiscence introrse; ovary superior, green, 3-locular, conic, septal nectaries present; style curved upwards; stigma indistinctly 3-lobed or capitate. Fruits capsular, leathery, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds rarely produced (sterile) or many. x = 11.[32] [more]

Holmskioldia

Hypericum

[Trees or] shrubs, subshrubs, or perennial herbs, glabrous or with simple hairs, with translucent ("pale") and often opaque, black or reddish ("dark") glands, laminar (immersed and sometimes abaxial) and marginal or intramarginal. Leaves opposite [or whorled], sessile or short petiolate, venation pinnate to palmate [or rarely dichotomous], margin entire or gland-fringed. Inflorescence cymose. Flowers bisexual, homostylous [or heterostylous], stellate or cupped. Sepals 5 and quincuncial or rarely 4 and decussate, unequal or equal, free or partly united. Petals (4 or) 5, contorted, golden to lemon yellow [or rarely white], abaxially sometimes tinged or veined red, persistent or deciduous after anthesis, usually asymmetric. Stamens in [4 or]5 fascicles, free and antipetalous, or some united to form apparently 4 or 3 fascicles with compound fascicle(s) antisepalous, or irregular and apparently not fasciculate, persistent or deciduous, each single fascicle with up to 70[-120] stamens; filaments slender, free from nearly base [or to 2/3 united] or apparently completely free; anthers small, dorsifixed or ± basifixed, dehiscing longitudinally, with gland on connective; sterile fascicles (fasciclodes) absent [very rare]. Ovary 3-5-loculed with axile placentae or ± completely 1-loculed with (2 or) 3[-5] parietal placentae, each placenta with [2 or] few to many ovules; styles (2 or) 3-5, free or partly to completely united, ± slender; stigmas small or ± capitate. Fruit a septicidal capsule or rarely ± indehiscent, valves often with oil-containing vittae or vesicles. Seeds small, often carinate or narrowly unilaterally winged; testa variously sculptured, not arillate [very rarely carunculate]; embryo slender, straight, with distinct slender cotyledons.[33] [more]

Ilex

Usually dioecious shrubs or trees. Leaves coriaceous, often spinose and shiny above; stipules caducous. Flowers 4-5-merous, bisexual or unisexual with vestigial remains of either sex. Corolla rotate. Style absent or obsolete, stigma lobed. Drupe fleshy, pyrenes 2-5, rarely more.[34] [more]

Inula

Inula is a large genus of about 90 species of in the family Asteraceae, native to Europe, Asia and Africa. The genus is thought by some to be paraphyletic, based on the study of the different phenolic compounds the various species have. [more]

Ischyrolepis

[more]

Juniperus

Shrubs or trees evergreen. Branchlets terete, 3--6 angled, variously oriented, but not in flattened sprays. Leaves opposite in 4 ranks or in whorls of 3. Adult leaves closely appressed to divergent, scalelike to subulate, free portion to ca. 10 mm (to ca. 15 mm in Juniperus communis ) ; abaxial gland visible or not, elongate to hemispheric ( J. ashei ), sometimes exuding white crystalline deposit. Pollen cones with 3--7 pairs or trios of sporophylls, each sporophyll with 2--8 pollen sacs. Seed cones maturing in 1 or 2 years, globose to ovoid and berrylike, 3--20 mm, remaining closed, usually glaucous; scales persistent, 1--3 pairs, peltate, tightly coalesced, thick and fleshy or fibrous to obscurely woody. Seeds 1--3 per scale, round to faceted, wingless; cotyledons 2--6. x = 11.[35] [more]

Kniphofia

Kniphofia (Tritoma, Red hot poker, Torch lily, Poker plant) is a genus of plants in the family that includes 70 or more species native to Africa. Some species have been commercially used horticulturally and are commonly known for their bright, rocket-shaped flowers. [more]

Lapeirousia

[more]

Liriope

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[36] [more]

Lysimachia

Herbs erect or procumbent, rarely suffruticose, glabrous or pubescent, often with internal glands appearing as pustulate dots or stripes. Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled, usually entire. Flowers solitary in axils of upper leaves or in terminal and axillary panicles or racemes, often shortened into capitate clusters, with bracts. Calyx usually 5(or rarely 6--9) -parted. Corolla white or yellow, rarely pink, homomorphic, rarely heteromorphic, subrotate or campanulate, deeply 5(or rarely 6--9) -parted; lobes contorted in bud. Filaments free or connate into a ring or tube at base and ± adnate to corolla tube; anthers basifixed, dorsifixed or versatile opening by apical pores or by lateral slits. Capsule subglobose, usually dehiscing by valves, rarely indehiscent.[37] [more]

Lythrum

Annual or perennial herbs or shrubs; young branches 4-angled. Leaves opposite, alternate, or 3-whorled, sessile or subsessile. Flowers in terminal spikes or racemes, whorled in cymes, paired, or solitary in axils, 6-merous, [mono-, di-, or] trimorphic, shortly pedicellate. Floral tube elongate, cylindric [rarely broadly campanulate], 6-12-angled or -veined; sepals 6, generally short; epicalyx present, sometimes longer than sepals. Petals [absent to] 6, purple, rose, pink [or white]. Stamens [2-6 or]12, in two whorls of different lengths. Ovary 2-loculed; style of three lengths with capitate stigma below, above, or between two stamen whorls. Capsule elongated, included within persistent floral tube, 2-valved, valves often 2-lobed, dehiscence usually septicidal at apex. Seeds numerous, red-brown, elongate, bilaterally compressed, ca. 1 mm.[38] [more]

Merendera

[more]

Monardella

Morina

Morina is a of the angiosperm family Morinaceae. It is the provincial flower of the North-West Frontier Province [more]

Neanthe

[more]

Nematanthus

Nematanthus is a genus of of the family Gesneriaceae. Compared to other gesneriads, Nematanthus has leaves that are small, succulent, and hard-surfaced. The plant has a trailing, branching, and spreading habit; it is generally an epiphyte in nature and a hanging-basket plant in cultivation. [more]

Nicotiana

Herbs, shrubs, or small trees; pubescence of simple and glandular hairs. Leaves petiolate or sessile, entire or subentire. Inflorescences paniculate, racemose, or reduced to solitary flowers; peduncle mostly erect; bracts mostly present. Flowers sometimes showy, mostly fragrant, zygomorphic, 4- or 5-merous, pedicellate. Calyx regular or irregular, tubular or tubular-campanulate, lobed. Corolla tubular, funnelform, or salverform; tube lobed to subentire. Stamens inserted below middle of corolla tube; filaments slender; anthers dehiscing longitudinally. Disc ringlike, nectariferous. Ovary 2-locular. Stigma 2-lobed. Fruiting calyx persistent, slightly inflated, partially or completely enveloping fruit. Fruit a dry capsule dehiscing by apical valves. Seeds numerous, minute; embryo erect or slightly bent; cotyledons linear.[39] [more]

Ocimum

Herbs, subshrubs, or shrubs, aromatic. Leaves petiolate, dentate. Verticillasters 6(-10) -flowered, in terminal, pedunculate thyrses or panicles; bracts early deciduous, petiolate, margin entire, rarely longer than flowers. Flowers white; pedicel straight, apex recurved. Calyx ovoid to campanulate, declined in fruit, glandular outside, glabrous or occasionally villous at throat inside, limb 2-lipped; upper lip 3-toothed, middle tooth circular to obovate, margin winged, decurrent, lateral teeth shorter; lower lip 2 toothed, teeth narrower, apex acuminate to spinescent, sometimes approximate. Corolla tube slightly shorter than calyx or rarely exserted, not hairy annulate inside, dilated, obliquely campanulate at throat; limb 2-lipped, upper lip subequally (3- or) 4-lobed; lower lip somewhat elongated or not, declined, margin entire, flat or slightly concave. Stamens 4, exserted, declined on lower corolla lip, anterior 2 longer; filaments free or anterior 2 connate at base; anthers ovoid-reniform, 1-locellate. Style longer than stamens, 2-cleft at apex; lobes subequal, subulate or flat. Nutlets ovoid or subglobose, smooth or glandular foveolate, viscid when moist, with a white basal areola.[40] [more]

Padus

Trees or shrubs, deciduous, many branched. Branches unarmed. Axillary winter buds ovoid; terminal bud present. Stipules membranous, soon caducous. Leaves simple, alternate, conduplicate when young; petiole usually with 2 nectaries at apex or at base of leaf blade margin; leaf blade margin serrate, rarely entire. Inflorescences terminal on current year€™s branchlet, racemose, many-flowered, base with a soon caducous involucre formed by floral bud scales; peduncle usually with leaves. Hypanthium campanulate to cup-shaped. Sepals 5. Petals 5, white. Stamens 10 or more, inserted on rim of hypanthium. Ovary superior, 1-loculed; ovules 2, collateral, pendulous. Style terminal, elongated; stigma flat. Fruit a drupe, glabrous, not glaucous, without a longitudinal groove; mesocarp succulent, not splitting when ripe; endocarp bony.[41] [more]

Papaver

Herbs, annual, biennial, or perennial, scapose or caulescent, from taproots; sap white, orange, or red. Stems when present leafy. Leaves: basal rosulate, petiolate; cauline alternate, proximal leaves petiolate, distal subsessile or sessile, sometimes clasping (in P . somniferum ) ; blade unlobed or 1-3× pinnately lobed or parted; margins entire or toothed, scalloped, or incised. Inflorescences cymiform, with flowers disposed in 1s, 2s or 3s on long scapes or peduncles; bracts present; buds nodding [erect]. Flowers: sepals 2(-3), distinct; petals 4(-6) ; stamens many; pistil 3-18[-22]-carpellate; ovary 1-locular, sometimes incompletely multilocular by placental intrusion; style absent; stigmas 3-18[-22], radiating on sessile, ± lobed disc, velvety. Capsules erect, 3-18[-22]-pored or short-valved immediately beneath persistent or sometimes deciduous (in P . hybridum ) stigmatic disc. Seeds many, minutely pitted, aril absent. x = 7.[42] [more]

Patrinia

[more]

Pelargonium

Perennial with rarely entire leaves. Flowers showy, umbellate, irregular. Posticous sepal prolonged into a nectiferous spur. Fruit beaked.[43] [more]

Penstemon

Penstemon , Beard-tongue, is a large of North American and East Asian plants traditionally placed in the Scrophulariaceae family. Due to new genetic research, it has now been placed in the vastly expanded family Plantaginaceae. [more]

Phlomis

Herbs perennial. Leaves corrugate; floral and stem leaves similar, gradually reduced upward. Verticillasters axillary. Flowers usually sessile. Calyx tubular or tubular-campanulate, throat not oblique; veins 5, 10, or 11, elevated; teeth 5, equal, sinuses between them often expanded into triangular, sometimes emarginate teeth. Corolla yellow, purple, or white, 2-lipped; tube included or slightly exserted, usually villous annulate inside; upper lip straight or galeate, concave or folded/keeled, rarely narrowly falcate, entire or fringed-denticulate, tomentose or villous; lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, middle lobe wider than lateral lobes. Stamens didynamous, anterior 2 longer, ascending to upper lip of corolla; posterior 2 often with appendages at base; anthers close together in pairs, with 2, divaricate, apically confluent cells. Style lobes subulate, posterior usually to 1/2 as long as anterior, rarely equal. Nutlets ovoid, triquetrous, apex obtuse, rarely truncate.[44] [more]

Phormium

New Zealand flax describes common perennial plants Phormium tenax and Phormium cookianum, known by the Maori names harakeke and wharariki respectively. They are quite distinct from the Northern Hemisphere plant known as flax (Linum usitatissimum), but the genus was given the common name 'flax' by Anglophone Europeans as it too could be used for its fibres. [more]

Pleurophyllum

[more]

Prunus

Trees or shrubs, deciduous. Branchlets sometimes spine-tipped. Axillary winter bud solitary, ovoid; terminal winter bud absent. Stipules membranous, soon caducous. Leaves simple, alternate, convolute [or conduplicate] when young; petiolate or sessile; petiole apex or base of leaf blade margin with or without nectaries; leaf blade margin variously crenate or coarsely serrate. Inflorescences apparently axillary, solitary or to 3-flowered in a fascicle; bracts small, soon caducous. Flowers opening before or at same time as leaves. Hypanthium campanulate. Sepals 5, imbricate. Petals 5, white, sometimes purple-veined, rarely greenish, inserted on rim of hypanthium, imbricate. Stamens 20-30, in 2 whorls; filaments unequal. Carpel 1; ovary superior, 1-loculed, glabrous or sometimes villous; ovules 2, collateral, pendulous. Style terminal, elongated. Fruit a drupe, glabrous, often glaucous, usually with a longitudinal groove; mesocarp fleshy, not splitting when ripe; endocarp laterally compressed, smooth, rarely grooved or rugose.[45] [more]

Psammisia

[more]

Pseuderanthemum

Pseuderanthemum is a genus of in family Acanthaceae. [more]

Pseudobombax

Pseudobombax is a genus of in the Malvaceae family. Subfamily: Bombacoideae [more]

Pseudofortuynia

[more]

Pseudolarix

Trees deciduous; trunk monopodial, straight, terete; branches irregularly whorled; branchlets strongly dimorphic: long branchlets with leaves spirally arranged and radially spreading; short branchlets with leaves radially arranged in false whorls of 10-30 (often spirally spread like a discoid star). Leaves green, turning golden yellow before falling in autumn, narrowly oblanceolate-linear, flattened, 1.5-4 mm wide, flexible, stomatal lines abaxial, in 2 bands, separated by midvein, vascular bundle 1, resin canals 2 or 3 (-7), marginal. Pollen cones terminal on short branchlets, borne in umbellate clusters of 10-25, pendulous at maturity; pollen 2-saccate. Seed cones solitary, shortly pedunculate, erect or ± spreading, ovoid-globose, 2-seeded, maturing in 1st year. Seed scales thick, woody, deciduous at maturity. Bracts adnate to seed scales at base and shed together with them at maturity. Seeds with large, backward projecting wing extending beyond scale margin at maturity. Cotyledons 4-7. 2n = 44*.[46] [more]

Pseudolobivia

Echinopsis is a large of cacti native to South America, sometimes known as hedgehog cacti, sea-urchin cactus or Easter lily cactus. One small species, E. chamaecereus, is known as the peanut cactus. The 128 species range from large and treelike types to small globose cacti. The name derives from echinos hedgehog or sea urchin, and opsis appearance, a reference to these plants' dense coverings of spines. [more]

Pseudomertensia

[more]

Pseudomuscari

[more]

Pseudopanax

Pseudopanax is a small of 12-20 species of evergreen plants, the majority of which are endemic to New Zealand, although they also occur in Tasmania (Australia) and some plants from South America have at times been included in this genus. Flowers of the genus occur in terminal umbels. [more]

Pseudosasa

Plants small, shrublike, or arborescent, spreading and densely clumped; rhizomes leptomorph. Culms pluricaespitose, erect to drooping, 0.5-13 m tall, to 6 cm thick; internodes terete or moderately grooved; nodes not greatly swollen; supra-nodal ridge not evident. Branch buds tall, prophylls 2-keeled, initially closed at front, without promontory. Branches erect, initially 1-3 per node, short or long, central slightly dominant with basal nodes compressed, branches always fully sheathed, without replication of lateral branches, sheaths and prophylls ± glabrous. Culm sheaths deciduous to very persistent, tough; blade erect or reflexed, narrowly triangular to strap-shaped. Leaf sheaths persistent; blades moderately large for size of culm, without marginal necrosis in winter, arrangement random, transverse veins distinct. Inflorescence an open raceme or panicle; branching subtended by large or small bracts. Spikelets 2-20 cm; rachilla sinuous, disarticulation below florets; florets 3-30. Glumes 2, shorter than first lemma; lemma to 1 cm. Palea 2-keeled. Stamens 3. Stigmas 3.[47] [more]

Pseudotsuga

Trees conic, evergreen. Bark initially smooth, with resin blisters; in age reddish brown, corky, furrowed. Branches often pendulous, irregularly whorled; short (spur) shoots absent; leaf scars transversely elliptic, slightly raised proximally but essentially flush with twig distally. Buds elongate, not resinous, apex acute. Leaves borne singly, persisting 6--8 years, alternate, short-stalked, flattened; resin canals 2, marginal. Cones borne on year-old twigs. Pollen cones axillary. Seed cones maturing first season, shed whole, deflexed or pendent, ellipsoid, ovoid, or cylindric, nearly sessile, lacking apophysis and umbo; scales persistent, apex rounded; bracts ± exserted, apex 3-lobed, lobes with acute apices, central lobe narrow, longer than lateral lobes. Seeds winged; cotyledons 6--12. x =12, 13.[48] [more]

Pseudowintera

Pseudowintera is a of woody evergreen flowering trees and shrubs, part of family Winteraceae. The species of Pseudowintera are native to New Zealand. Winteraceae are magnoliids, associated with the humid Antarctic flora of the southern hemisphere. [more]

Psiadia

Psiadia is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Psidium

Shrubs or small trees. Bark gray, smooth. Branchlets pubescent. Leaves opposite, petiolate; leaf blade pinnately veined. Flowers axillary, large, usually 1 or 2 per axil. Bracts 2. Hypanthium campanulate or urceolate. Calyx lobes 4 or 5, unequal. Petals 4 or 5, white. Stamens many, separate, in many whorls; anthers ellipsoid, basifixed, locules parallel, longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary inferior, adnate to hypanthium, 4- or 5-loculed or more; ovules numerous. Style linear; stigma expanded. Berry globose to pyriform, fleshy, many-seeded, apex with persistent calyx lobes; placenta well developed, fleshy. Seed coat hard; embryo curved; hypocotyl long; cotyledons short.[49] [more]

Psilotum

Plants terrestrial, sometimes epiphytic. Aerial shoots often clumped, simple proximally, dichotomously branched distally, 3(--several) -ridged. Appendages minute, bractlike, borne distally on ridges of aerial shoots, sterile appendages subulate, those subtending synangia 2-lobed. Synangia ± globose, obscurely 3-lobed.[50] [more]

Psoralea

Herbs or undershrubs, punctate with black, brown or pellucid glands. Leaf 1-3 or more foliolate, leaflets entire; stipules present. Inflorescence capitate, spicate, subracemose or fasciculate. Bracts membranous, bracteoles absent. Calyx lobes subequal or the lower lobes larger. Petals all clawed, keel incurved, obtuse. Stamens diadelphous 9+1 or monadelphous, vexillary stamen free or more or less connate with others; anthers uniform or slightly dimorphous. Ovary sessile or stipitate, 1-ovuled, style incurved, Stigma terminal. Fruit ovate, indehiscent, 1-seeded.[51] [more]

Psychotria

Psychotria is a plant in the family Rubiaceae. Members of the genus are low trees in tropical forests. The distinction between Psychotria and the genus Cephaelis are not well known and many species were formerly placed there. [more]

Ptelea

The Hoptree (Ptelea trifoliata, ) is a deciduous shrub or small tree 6-8 m tall with a broad crown. It is native to North America, from southern Ontario, Canada southeast to Florida, USA, west to southern California and south to Oaxaca in southern Mexico. [more]

Pteridium

Plants terrestrial, often forming colonies or thickets. Stems subterranean, slender, long-creeping; hairs pale to dark, jointed; scales absent; true vessels present (absent in other Dennstaedtiaceae genera in the flora). Leaves widely spaced, broadly deltate, 0.5--4.5 m. Petiole glabrous to short-hairy, without prickles, with stem buds near base, vascular bundles numerous, U- or O-shaped in cross section. Blade 2--4-pinnate, rachis and costae grooved adaxially; rachis without prickles; nectaries at base of proximal and sometimes distal pinnae. Segments pinnately divided, ultimate segments ovate to oblong to linear, base extending proximally on costae (decurrent) or proximally (surcurrent), margins entire. Veins free or joined at margin by commissural vein beneath sori, pinnately 2--3-forked. Sori ± continuous, covered by recurved, outer false indusium and obscure, extrorse, inner true indusium. Spores tetrahedral-globose, trilete, very finely granulate. x = 26.[52] [more]

Pteridophyllum

Pteridophyllum racemosum is a of flowering plant endemic to Japan. [more]

Pteris

Plants terrestrial or on rock. Stems erect or creeping, branched; scales pale brown to black, concolored, elongate, margins entire. Leaves monomorphic, clustered or closely spaced, 1--20 dm. Petiole straw-colored, green, brownish red to purple black, longitudinally ridged, 2--3-grooved adaxially, scaly at base, glabrous or scaly distally, with 1 (less often 2 or more) vascular bundle. Blade oblong to lanceolate to deltate, 1--4-pinnate, herbaceous to leathery, abaxially and adaxially glabrous or sometimes pubescent or scaly, adaxially dull, not striate; rachis straight. Ultimate segments of blade sessile to short-stalked, linear to oblong-lanceolate, 1.5--8 mm wide; base truncate or narrowed to stalk, stalk when present green, not lustrous; margins plane or reflexed to form false indusia. Veins in leaves conspicuous, free (except in sori) and forking well above base of segment, or highly anastomosing. False indusia pale, scarious, covering sori. Sporangia intramarginal, sori usually continuous except at pinna or segment apex and sinuses, paraphyses present. Spores brown, trilete, tetrahedral, rugate and/or tuberculate, usually with prominent equatorial flange. x = 29.[53] [more]

Pterocarya

Trees deciduous, monoecious. Branchlets with chambered pith. Terminal buds oblong, naked, or with 2-4 overlapping scales. Leaves odd- or even-pinnate; leaflets 5-21(-25), margin serrate. Inflorescences lateral or terminal on old or new growth, pendulous; male and female inflorescences separate: male spike solitary, lateral on old growth or at base of new growth; female spike terminal on new growth. Male flowers with an entire bract; bracteoles 2; sepals 4; stamens 5-18, anthers glabrous or pubescent. Female flowers with a small, entire bract, adnate to ovary but nearly free at base; bracteoles 2, adnate to ovary but nearly free above bract on posterior side; sepals 4, adnate to ovary, free at apex; style short; stigmas carinal, 2-lobed, plumose. Fruiting spike elongate, pendulous. Fruit a 2-winged nutlet, 4-chambered at base. Germination epigeal.[54] [more]

Pterocephalus

Pterocephalus is a genus in the family of herbs and shrubs. [more]

Pteroceras

[more]

Pterodiscus

[more]

Pterolobium

[more]

Pterospermum

Trees or shrubs, stellate velutinous or scurfy and scaly. Leaves simple; stipules linear to palmately fimbriate, sometimes forming nectaries, caducous; petiole short; leaf blade lobed or not, leathery, base often oblique, margin entire or serrate, apex sometimes truncate; juvenile leaves sometimes much larger, petiole long, leaf blade often with peltate base and prominently palmately lobed. Inflorescence axillary, 1-flowered or cymose and 1-5-flowered. Flowers bisexual; epicalyx lobes usually 3, usually distant from calyx, entire, fimbriate, or palmately lobed, rarely absent, caducous. Calyx 5(or 6) -lobed, divided nearly to base, usually spreading to ± reflexed, caducous. Petals 5, white or yellow, often erect. Androgynophore present, very short, glabrous. Stamens 15, in 5 groups of 3 alternating with staminodes; filaments connate into tube, free at top; anthers 2-celled, cells parallel, connective pointed; staminodes 5, filiform, longer and thicker than filaments. Ovary 5-locular; ovules 4-22 per locule; style clavate or filiform; stigma longitudinally 5-grooved. Fruit a schizocarp, cylindric or ovoid, angular or rounded, usually woody, sometimes leathery, dehiscent into 5 loculicidal mericarps when mature. Seeds 2 to many per locule, with long, oblong, membranous wing; endosperm scanty or absent; cotyledons usually plicate, simple. 2n = 38.[55] [more]

Pterostyrax

Trees or shrubs, deciduous. Winter buds naked. Leaves alternate; stipules absent; leaf blade margin serrate or serrulate. Inflorescences pendulous, branches one-sided, many-flowered; bracteoles early deciduous. Pedicel short, jointed. Flowers bisexual. Calyx tube campanulate, 5-ribbed, completely adnate to ovary, 5-toothed. Corolla lobes 5, shortly coherent at base, imbricate. Stamens 10, 5 short and 5 long or subequal in length, 1 series; filaments flattened, basally connate into a membranous tube. Ovary mostly inferior, 3--5-locular; ovules 4 per locule, erect or pendulous, placentation axile. Style elongated, subulate; stigma capitate or obscurely 3-lobed. Fruiting pedicel short. Drupes dry, ribbed or winged, with a persistent style forming distinct beak, exocarp crusty, endocarp woody. Seeds 1 or 2, fleshy; endosperm thin.[56] [more]

Pterygopappus

[more]

Ptilostemon

Ptilostemon ( Chamaepeuce DC.) is a genus of the botanical family Asteraceae. [more]

Ptychogyne

Pulicaria

Pulicaria is a genus of in the Asteraceae family. It contains the following species: [more]

Pulsatilla

Herbs perennial, often covered with long soft hairs. Rhizome erect. Leaves basal, rosulate; petiole long; leaf blade palmately or odd pinnately divided; veins palmate. Scape with 3 bracts forming a bell-shaped involucre; involucral bracts basally connate and apically ± deeply divided into numerous lobes. Flower solitary, bisexual. Sepals 5 or 6. Petals absent. Stamens numerous, outermost whorl staminodial except in Pulsatilla kostyczewii; anthers yellow or purple, oblong, narrowly ellipsoid, filiform, or linear, with one longitudinal vein. Pistils numerous; ovule 1 per ovary. Styles long linear, pilose, strongly elongated and plumose when mature. Infructescence globose. Achenes small, spindle-shaped, pilose, with a long plumose beak formed by persistent style.[57] [more]

Quercus

Trees or shrubs, evergreen or winter-deciduous, sometimes rhizomatous. Terminal buds spheric to ovoid, terete or angled, all scales imbricate. Leaves: stipules deciduous and inconspicuous (except in Quercus sadleriana ) . Leaf blade lobed or unlobed, thin or leathery, margins entire, toothed, or awned-toothed, secondary veins either unbranched, ± parallel, extending to margin, or branching and anastomosing before reaching margin. Inflorescences unisexual, in axils of leaves or bud scales, usually clustered at base of new growth; staminate inflorescences lax, spicate; pistillate inflorescences usually stiff, with terminal cupule and sometimes 1-several sessile, lateral cupules. Staminate flowers: sepals connate; stamens (2-) 6(-12), surrounding tuft of silky hairs (apparently a reduced pistillode) . Pistillate flower 1 per cupule; sepals connate; carpels and styles 3(-6) . Fruits: maturation annual or biennial; cup variously shaped (saucer- to cup- or bowl- to goblet-shaped), without indication of valves, covering base