Overview
Photos
Taxonomy
The Tribe Amaryllideae is a member of the Subfamily Maloideae. Here is the complete "parentage" of Amaryllideae:
- Domain: Eukaryota
Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae
Haeckel, 1866
- Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae
Cavalier-Smith, 1981 - Green Plants
- Phylum: Tracheophyta
Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
- Subphylum: Euphyllophytina
- Infraphylum: Radiatopses
Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class: Magnoliopsida Brongniart, 1843 - Dicotyledons
- Infraphylum: Radiatopses
Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Subphylum: Euphyllophytina
- Phylum: Tracheophyta
Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
- Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae
Cavalier-Smith, 1981 - Green Plants
- Kingdom: Plantae
Haeckel, 1866
The Tribe Amaryllideae is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Genus (23): Amaryllis · Amelanchier · Amentotaxus · Ammocharis · Amorpha · Androsace · Asclepias · Betula · Brunsvigia · Callicarpa · Carpolyza · Clethra · Cotula · Crinum · Crocopsis · Erigeron · Gemmaria · Hemerocallis · Hessea · Nerine · Pyrus · Sparrmannia · Strumaria
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 351 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in the Tribe Amaryllideae.
Genera
Amaryllis
Amaryllis is a genus of plant also known as the Belladonna Lily or naked ladies. The single species, Amaryllis belladonna, is a native of South Africa, particularly the rocky southwest region near the Cape. It is often confused with Hippeastrum, a flowering bulb commonly sold in the winter months for its ability to bloom indoors. [more]
Amelanchier
Shrubs or trees, deciduous; buds conspicuous, narrowly conical, with several scales. Leaves simple, petiolate, stipulate, venation camptodromous, margin entire or serrate. Racemes terminal; bracts caducous. Hypanthium campanulate. Sepals 5, margin entire. Petals 5, white, oblong or lanceolate, slender. Stamens 10-20. Ovary inferior or semi-inferior, 2-5-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule, separated by a false partition from back of locule; styles 2-5, partly connate or free. Fruit a small berrylike pome, bluish black to dark purple, usually juicy and sweet, incompletely 4-10-loculed, with one seed in each locule, crowned by persistent, usually recurved sepals.[1] [more]
Amentotaxus
Shrubs or small trees dioecious; branchlets opposite, base with bud scales not persistent; winter buds tetragonal-ovate, acute, glossy, scales, decussate, in 3-5 whorles of 4, ridged adaxially. Leaves decussate, but brought into a single plane by twisting of petioles; blade straight or slightly falcate, usually more than 5 mm wide, adaxial surface mottled when fresh, rarely smooth, rugose or ± so when dry, resin canal present below sheath of vascular bundle, sclereids present, rarely absent, base decurrent, margin slightly downcurved. Pollen cones aggregated into (1 or) 2-6(-10) long, slender, compound racemes or spikes arising from bract axil near apex of branches; individual cones opposite, sessile or subsessile, ellipsoid or subglobose; microsporophylls numerous, ± shield-shaped; pollen sacs 3-8, arranged radially, or adaxially and abaxially. Seed-bearing structures compressed-tetragonal or flattened abaxially, basal part with 6-10 pairs of decussate bracts arranged in 4 rows each of 3-5 bracts; ovule 1, sessile, erect. Seed ripening in 1st year, long pedunculate, ellipsoid or obovoid-ellipsoid, enclosed except for apex in a saclike aril which is bright red or reddish yellow when ripe; bracts persistent at base.[2] [more]
Ammocharis
Amorpha
Amorpha is a genus of plants in the pea family . All the species are native to North America, from southern Canada, most of the United States, and northern Mexico. They are commonly known as false indigo. The name Amorpha means "deformed" in Greek and was given because flowers of this genus only have one petal, unlike the usual "pea-shaped" flowers of the Faboideae subfamily. Amorpha is missing the wing and keel petals. [more]
Androsace
Herbs perennial, annual, or biennial, acaulescent, rarely caulescent with ascending or decumbent shoots from a caudex. Leaves forming a rosette, rarely alternate; rosettes solitary or clustered, forming lax mats or compact cushions. Inflorescences umbellate, rarely a solitary flower, with bracts. Flowers 5-merous, homostylous. Calyx campanulate to subglobose, shallowly to deeply lobed. Corolla white, pink, purple, or dark red, rarely yellow; tube usually ± inflated, ca. as long as to shorter than calyx; throat constricted; lobes entire or emarginate. Stamens included, inserted on corolla tube; filaments very short; anthers ovate, apex obtuse. Style not longer than corolla tube. Capsule subglobose, dehiscing nearly to base. Seeds few to many.[3] [more]
Asclepias
Herbs, base frequently woody. Leaves opposite or whorled, short petiolate. Cymes terminal and extra-axillary, erect, umbel-like, many flowered. Calyx glands 5-10. Corolla rotate, deeply parted; lobes reflexed, valvate or rarely overlapping to right. Corona lobes 5, inserted on gynostegium, erect, apex hooded, with an incurved, ligular-hornlike adaxial appendage. Stamens inserted at base of corolla tube; filaments connate into a tube; anther appendages incurved; pollinia 2 per pollinarium, pendulous. Stigma head conical. Follicles fusiform, apex acuminate. Seeds flat, with a long coma.[4] [more]
Betula
Trees or shrubs, to 30 m; trunks often several, branching excurrent, becoming deliquescent. Bark of trunks and branches dark brown to chalky white, smooth, often exfoliating; lenticels dark, prominent, sometimes horizontally expanded. Wood nearly white to reddish brown, light and soft to moderately heavy and hard, texture fine. Branches, branchlets, and twigs nearly 2-ranked; young twigs differentiated into long and short shoots, sometimes with taste and odor of wintergreen. Winter buds sessile, slender, terete, apex acute; scales several, imbricate, smooth. Leaves mostly on short shoots, nearly 2-ranked. Leaf blade ovate to deltate, elliptic, or nearly orbiculate, 0.5--10(--14) × 0.5--8 cm, thin, margins doubly serrate or serrate (or crenate to shallowly round-lobed in dwarf northern species) ; surfaces glabrous to tomentose, sometimes abaxially resinous-glandular. Inflorescences: staminate catkins mostly terminal on branchlets, solitary or in small racemose clusters, formed previous growing season and often exposed during winter, expanding with leaves; pistillate catkins proximal to staminate catkins, mostly solitary, erect, ovoid to cylindric, firm; scales and flowers crowded, enclosed within buds during winter, expanding with leaves. Staminate flowers in catkins 3 per scale; stamens (1--) 2--3(--4), filaments divided below anthers, nearly to base. Pistillate flowers (1--) 3 per scale. Infructescences erect or pendulous; scales usually deciduous with release of fruits (although persisting into winter in a few species), (1--) 3-lobed, thickened or leathery but not woody. Fruits samaras, lateral wings 2, moderately wide to broad, membranaceous. x = 14.[5] [more]
Brunsvigia
Brunsvigia is a genus in the family Amaryllidaceae. It contains about 20 species native to South Africa. [more]
Callicarpa
Shrubs or trees, erect or rarely climbing; hairs stellate, verticillately branched, dendritic, mealy tomentose, or rarely simple and hooked. Branchlets terete or 4-angled. Leaves opposite or in 3s. Cymes axillary, sessile or pedunculate; bracts linear. Calyx campanulate, truncate or minutely 4-dentate, unaltered in fruit. Corolla actinomorphic, campanulate or tubular, lobes 4. Stamens 4, inserted on corolla tube; filaments slender, often exserted; anthers ovate or oblong, dehiscing by longitudinal slits or circular pores. Ovary imperfectly 2-locular; ovules 2 per locule, attached to middle or distal part of ovary. Style usually longer than stamens; stigma usually dilated. Fruit a small globose drupe, endocarp bony, mesocarp fleshy, exocarp thin. Seeds small, oblong; seed coat membranous; cotyledons fleshy.[6] [more]
Carpolyza
Clethra
Morphological characters and geographic distribution are the same as for the family.[7] [more]
Cotula
Annuals or perennials, 2-25[-50+] cm (sometimes aromatic). Stems usually 1, erect or prostrate to decumbent or ascending (sometimes rooting at nodes), usually branched, glabrous or ± strigillose to villous (hairs mostly basifixed). Leaves usually mostly cauline [basal]; alternate [opposite]; petiolate or sessile; blades obovate or spatulate to lanceolate or linear, sometimes 1-3-pinnately [palmati-pinnately] lobed, ultimate margins entire or irregularly toothed, faces glabrous or ± strigillose to villous [lanate] (hairs mostly basifixed). Heads disciform [discoid or radiate], borne singly (peduncles sometimes dilated). Involucres broadly hemispheric to saucer-shaped, 3-12+[-15+] mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 13-30+ in 2-3+ series, margins and apices (colorless, light to dark brown, or purplish) scarious. Receptacles flat to convex [conic], epaleate (sometimes ± covered with persistent stalks of florets). Ray florets 0 [5-8+, pistillate, fertile; corollas white] (peripheral pistillate florets 8-80+ in 1-3+ series; corollas usually none). Disc florets 12-200+[-600+], bisexual, fertile [functionally staminate]; corollas ochroleucous or yellow, tubes ± cylindric (bases sometimes adaxially saccate), throats abruptly ampliate, lobes (3-) 4, ± deltate (sometimes one larger than others, usually each with central resin canal). Cypselae obovoid to oblong, ob-compressed or -flattened, ribs 2, lateral, sometimes becoming wings, faces ± papillate (pericarps relatively thin, sometimes with myxogenic cells and/or 2 lateral resin sacs) ; pappi 0. x = 10.[8] [more]
Crinum
Herbs, perennial, scapose, from bulbs with elongate columnar apices. Leaves basal, thick; blade lorate or ensiform, not narrowed near base. Scape solid. Inflorescences umbellate, few- to many-flowered, subtended by 2 large, lanceolate, scarious bracts. Flowers sessile or pedicellate; perianth connate proximally, red to white, often striped, streaked, or overlaid with red abaxially, funnelform to salverform to semicampanulate, tube straight to curved, ca. same length as limb lobes; stamens inserted on perianth tube throat; filaments thin, often declinate; ovary inferior, globose; style slender; stigma capitate. Fruits capsular, globose or subglobose, usually prominently beaked. Seeds fleshy, testa often corky.[9] [more]
Crocopsis
Erigeron
Annuals, biennials, or perennials [subshrubs, shrubs, trees], (0.5-) 2-90(-100) cm (taprooted, fibrous-rooted, or rhizomatous and fibrous-rooted, sometimes with simple or branched caudices, sometimes stoloniferous) . Stems erect to ascending, decumbent, or prostrate, simple or branched, glabrous or hairy, sometimes glandular (hairs 2-seriate, minute, sometimes stipitate) . Leaves basal and/or cauline (basal persistent or not to flowering) ; alternate; sessile or petiolate; blades 1-nerved (3-nerved), linear to lanceolate, oblanceolate, or spatulate (bases sometimes clasping), margins entire or ± dentate to pinnatifid, faces glabrous or hairy, sometimes glandular. Heads usually radiate, sometimes discoid or disciform (erect, nodding, or arching-pendent in bud), borne singly or in loose, corymbiform or paniculiform arrays. Involucres turbinate to hemispheric, 5-35 mm diam. Phyllaries 30-125(-150) in 2-5 series, 1- or 3-nerved (nerves golden-resinous; usually flat, rarely broadly keeled to convex), narrowly elliptic- to linear-lanceolate, unequal to equal, margins scarious or not, faces hairy or glabrous, sometimes glandular. Receptacles flat to conic, pitted, epaleate. Ray florets 0 or 12-350 in 1(-2+) series, pistillate, fertile; corollas usually white to bluish or purplish to pink, less commonly yellow (coiling from apices, reflexing at tube/lamina junction, or remaining ± straight and spreading) . Peripheral florets (disciform heads) 50-200 in 1-4 series, pistillate. Disc florets 25-450, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow (nerves orange-resinous), tubes shorter than usually tubular, sometimes strongly inflated and indurate throats, lobes 5, erect to spreading, deltate; style-branch appendages mostly deltate (papillate) . Cypselae (tan) oblong to oblong-obovoid, compressed to flattened, 2(-4) -nerved, or subterete, 5-14-nerved (sect. Wyomingia and some other species), faces glabrous or strigose or sericeous, eglandular; pappi persistent or readily falling, usually of outer setae or scales (0.1-0.4 mm), sometimes connate, plus 5-40(-50), stramineous, barbellate bristles, sometimes pappi only on ray or only on disc cypselae, or 0. x = 9.[10] [more]
Gemmaria
A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Hemerocallis
Herbs, perennial, scapose, clump-forming, rhizomatous, from fibrous or fleshy contractile roots often enlarged at ends; rhizomes spreading. Leaves many, basal, sessile, 2-ranked, bases sheathing; blade long-linear, keeled, apex acuminate. Inflorescences 2, in terminal helicoid cyme, or solitary. Flowers mostly diurnal and ephemeral, slightly irregular, showy; tepals 6, connate basally into short, funnelform to campanulate tube, distinct parts imbricate, spreading, inner broader than outer; stamens 6, adnate to throat of perianth tube; filaments curved upward, distinct, unequal; anthers dorsifixed, 2-locular, linear-oblong, dehiscence introrse; ovary superior, green, 3-locular, conic, septal nectaries present; style curved upwards; stigma indistinctly 3-lobed or capitate. Fruits capsular, leathery, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds rarely produced (sterile) or many. x = 11.[11] [more]
Hessea
A genus in the Kingdom Fungi. [more]
Nerine
A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Pyrus
Trees or shrubs, deciduous, rarely semi-evergreen, sometimes armed. Leaves alternate, simple, petiolate, stipulate, involute in bud, venation camptodromous, margin serrate or entire, rarely lobed. Inflorescences corymbose-racemose. Flowers precocious or synantherous. Hypanthium cupular. Sepals 5, reflexed or spreading. Petals 5, white, rarely pink, clawed. Stamens 15-30; anthers usually dark red or purple. Ovary inferior, 2-5-loculed, with 2 ovules per locule; styles 2-5, free. Pome with juicy pulp, rich in stone cells, 2-5-celled, with cartilaginous endocarp (core), with persistent or caducous sepals; seeds black or blackish brown, seed coat cartilaginous; cotyledons plano-convex.[12] [more]
Sparrmannia
Strumaria
Strumaria is a genus of in family Amaryllidaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]
At least 40 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Strumaria.
More info about the Genus Strumaria may be found here.
Bibliography
- Alam, M. T. and W. F. Grant. 1972. Interspecific hybridization in birch (Betula). Naturaliste Canad. 99: 33--40.
- Brittain, W. H. and W. F. Grant. 1965. Observations on Canadian birch (Betula) collections at the Morgan Arboretum. I. B. papyrifera in eastern Canada. Canad. Field-Naturalist 79: 189--197.
- Cheng Wan-chün, Fu Li-kuo & Chu Cheng-de. 1978. Taxaceae. In: Cheng Wan-chün & Fu Li-kuo, eds., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 7: 437-467.
- Cronquist, A. 1947. A revision of the North American species of Erigeron, north of Mexico. Brittonia 6: 121302.
- Erhardt, W. 1992. Hemerocallis: Daylilies. Portland.
- Fernald, M. L. 1945. Some North American Corylaceae (Betulaceae). 1. Notes on Betula in eastern North America. Rhodora 47: 303--329.
- Fredskild, B. 1991. The genus Betula in Greenland---Holocene history, present distribution, and synecology. Nordic J. Bot. 11: 393--412.
- Grant, W. F. and B. K. Thompson. 1975. Observations on Canadian birches, Betula cordifolia, B. populifolia, B. papyrifera and B. × caerulea. Canad. J. Bot. 53: 1478--1490.
- Hu S. Y. 1968. The species of Hemerocallis. Amer. Hort. Mag. 47: 86-111.
- Johnsson, H. 1945. Interspecific hybridization within the genus Betula. Hereditas (Lund) 31: 163--176.
- Lepage, E. 1976. Les bouleaux arbustifs du Canada et de Alaska. Naturaliste Canad. 103: 215--233.
- Moldenke, H. N. 1962. Amaryllid genera and species. Pl. Life 18: 48-50.
- Nesom, G. L. 2004e. Taxonomic reevaluations in North American Erigeron (Asteraceae: Astereae). Sida 21: 1940.
- Nesom, G. L. 1989c. Infrageneric taxonomy of New World Erigeron (Compositae: Astereae). Phytologia 67: 6793.
- Nesom, G. L. 1989d. The separation of Trimorpha (Compositae: Astereae) from Erigeron. Phytologia 67: 6166.
- Nesom, G. L. 1990g. Taxonomy of the Erigeron coronarius group of Erigeron sect. Geniculactis (Asteraceae: Astereae). Phytologia 69: 237253.
- Nesom, G. L. and R. D. Noyes. 1999. Notes on sectional delimitations in Erigeron (Asteraceae: Astereae). Sida 18: 11611165.
- P'ei Chien & Chen Shou-liang, eds. 1982. Verbenaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 65(1): 1-229.
- Stout, A. B. 1934. Daylilies. New York. [Reprinted 1986, London.]
- Sulkinoja, M. 1990. Hybridization, introgression and taxonomy of the mountain birch in SW Greenland compared with related results from Iceland and Finnish Lapland. Meddel. Grfnland, Biosci. 33: 21--29.
- Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, and D. W. Hall. 1985. The vascular flora of central Florida: Taxonomic and nomenclatural changes, additional taxa. Sida 11: 232-244.
- Yü Te-tsun, Lu Ling-ti, Ku Tsue-chih, Li Chao-luan, Kuan Ke-chien & Chiang Wan-fu. 1974, 1985, 1986. Rosaceae. In: Yü Te-tsun, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 1443; 37: 1516; 38: 1133.
Footnotes
- Ku Tsue-chih, Stephen A. Spongberg "Amelanchier". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 190. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- "Amentotaxus". in Flora of China Vol. 4 Page 92. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- "Androsace". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 80. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- "Asclepias". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 203. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- "Betula". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- "Callicarpa". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 4. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- "Clethra". in Flora of China Vol. 14 Page 238. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Linda E. Watson "Cotula". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 52, 486, 543, 544. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Walter C. Holmes "Crinum". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 55, 278, 279. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Guy L. Nesom "Erigeron". in Flora of North America Vol. 20 Page 3,9, 11, 12, 14, 17, 36, 204, 256, 257, 334. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Gerald B. Straley & Frederick H. Utech "Hemerocallis". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 51, 53, 57, 219. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Ku Tsue-chih, Stephen A. Spongberg "Pyrus". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 173. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
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