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Amaryllidaceae

(Family)

Overview

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Herbs perennial, rarely shrubby or treelike, often with bulbs, corms, rhizomes, or tubers. Leaves basal or cauline, often narrow, margin entire or spiny. Inflorescence a terminal spike, umbel, raceme, panicle, or flowers solitary. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, usually subtended by 1 to several spathaceous involucres. Peri anth segments 6, in 2 whorls, free or connate to form a short tube, with or without a corona. Stamens 6, inserted at perianth throat or at base of segments; filaments sometimes basally connate; anther dorsifixed or basifixed, mostly introrse. Ovary inferior, 3-loculed; ovules few to many per locule; placentation axile. Style slender; stigma capitate or 3-lobed. Fruit a capsule, usually loculicidal, sometimes dehiscing irregularly, rarely a berry. Seeds with endosperm.

More than 100 genera and 1200 species: tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions worldwide; ten genera and 34 species (14 endemic, four introduced) in China.[1]

Photos

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Taxonomy

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The Family Amaryllidaceae is further organized into finer groupings including:

Genera

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Abapus

[more]

Acis

A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]

Aidema

[more]

Ajax

[more]

Amarcrinum

??Amarcrinum is the scientific name applied to those hybrid plants obtained from the cross between the genera Amaryllis and Crinum. These plants have tidy leaves and bear large umbels of long lasting, fragrant flowers on tall scapes during late summer and autumn. [more]

Amarine

[more]

Amarygia

[more]

Amaryllis

Amaryllis " class="IPA">/?m?'r?l?s/) is a small genus of flowering bulbs, with two species. The better known of the two, Amaryllis belladonna, is a native of South Africa, particularly the rocky southwest region near the Cape. For many years there was confusion amongst botanists over the generic names Amaryllis and Hippeastrum, one result of which is that the common name "amaryllis" is mainly used for cultivars of the genus Hippeastrum, widely sold in the winter months for their ability to bloom indoors. Plants of the genus Amaryllis are known as belladonna lily, naked lady, or amarillo. [more]

Ammocharis

Ammocharis is a genus in the Amaryllidaceae family (subfamily Amaryllidoideae) which includes 6 species distributed in Africa. The plant grows as a succulent, above-ground bulb, preferring seasonally wet, hot, sandy soils and full sun. [more]

Anax

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[2] [more]

Androstephanos

[more]

Anoiganthus

Cyrtanthus is a genus of perennial, herbaceous and bulbous plants in the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae). This highly ornamental genus encompasses about 60 species. It is endemic in the southern and eastern parts of Africa and is represented in all nine provinces of South Africa, with the highest concentration of species occurring in the southern parts of Eastern Cape. The name Cyrtanthus refers to the curved perianth tube of many of the species and is derived from the Greek kyrtos meaning curved and anthos meaning flower. This genus is highly valued horticulturally. Species differ greatly in the color, size, shape and position of the flowers. [more]

Apodolirion

Apodolirion is a genus of herbaceous, perennial and bulbous plants in the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae). It consists of 6 species distributed in South Africa. The name Apodolirion cames from the Greek and means "stemless flower" and describes the fact that these species have almost sessile flowers. [more]

Arenaria

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[3] [more]

Argenope

[more]

Argolasia

[more]

Argyropsis

[more]

Arviela

[more]

Aschamia

[more]

Assaracus

[more]

Atamasco

[more]

Atamosco

[more]

Aulica

[more]

Aurelia

Aurelia (Latin,"golden") is a feminine given name. It was the name given to women of the gens Aurelia in ancient Rome. Aurelia may refer to: [more]

Aurota

[more]

Autogenes

[more]

Bathya

[more]

Belladonna

Atropa belladonna , commonly known as belladonna or deadly nightshade, is a perennial herbaceous plant with leaves and berries that are extremely toxic and hallucinogenic. [more]

Bokkeveldia

[more]

Bollaea

[more]

Bonapartea

[more]

Boophane

[more]

Boophone

[more]

Bravoa

Bravoa is an genus of Agavaceae family. [more]

Braxireon

[more]

Brunsdonna

[more]

Brunserine

[more]

Brunsvigia

Brunsvigia is a genus in the family Amaryllidaceae. It contains about 20 species native to South Africa. [more]

Buphane

[more]

Calicharis

[more]

Caliphruria

[more]

Callicore

[more]

Callipsyche

[more]

Callithamna

[more]

Callithauma

[more]

Calostemma

[more]

Campylonema

[more]

Carpodetes

[more]

Carpolyza

[more]

Carregnoa

[more]

Castellanoa

[more]

Cearanthes

[more]

Cearia

[more]

Cepa

[more]

Chaetocapnia

[more]

Chapmanolirion

[more]

Chianthemum

[more]

Chione

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Chlidanthus

[more]

Chloraster

[more]

Choananthus

[more]

Choeradodia

[more]

Chonais

[more]

Choretis

[more]

Chrysiphiala

[more]

Clinanthus

[more]

Clitanthes

[more]

Cliveucharis

[more]

Clivia

Clivia is a of monocot flowering plants native to southern Africa. They are from the family Amaryllidaceae. Common names include Kaffir lily and bush lily. [more]

Coburgia

[more]

Coetocapnia

[more]

Coleophyllum

[more]

Collania

[more]

Coobranthus

[more]

Cooperanthes

[more]

Cooperia

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Corbularia

[more]

Crimocharis

[more]

Crindonna

[more]

Crinodonna

[more]

Crinum

Herbs, perennial, scapose, from bulbs with elongate columnar apices. Leaves basal, thick; blade lorate or ensiform, not narrowed near base. Scape solid. Inflorescences umbellate, few- to many-flowered, subtended by 2 large, lanceolate, scarious bracts. Flowers sessile or pedicellate; perianth connate proximally, red to white, often striped, streaked, or overlaid with red abaxially, funnelform to salverform to semicampanulate, tube straight to curved, ca. same length as limb lobes; stamens inserted on perianth tube throat; filaments thin, often declinate; ovary inferior, globose; style slender; stigma capitate. Fruits capsular, globose or subglobose, usually prominently beaked. Seeds fleshy, testa often corky.[4] [more]

Crocopsis

[more]

Crossyne

[more]

Cryptostephanus

[more]

Cybistetes

[more]

Cydenis

[more]

Cyphonema

[more]

Cyrtanthus

A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]

Danbya

[more]

Demeusea

[more]

Dewinterella

[more]

Diacles

[more]

Diomedes

Diomedes or Diomed (: ; English translation: "God-like cunning" or "advised by Zeus") is a hero in Greek mythology, mostly known for his participation in the Trojan War. He was born to Tydeus and Deipyle and later became King of Argos, succeeding his maternal grandfather, Adrastus. In Homer's Iliad Diomedes is regarded alongside Ajax as the second-best warriors of all the Achaeans. His paternal uncle Heracles and his close companion Odysseus are the favoured heroes of Athena. In Virgil's Aeneid he is one of the warriors who entered the Trojan Horse shortly before the sack of Troy. [more]

Diphalangium

[more]

Dodecasperma

[more]

Eithea

[more]

Elisena

[more]

Erigone

[more]

Erinosma

[more]

Eucharis

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Eucrosia

Eucrosia is a genus of , perennial and bulbous plants in the Amaryllis family (Amaryllidaceae) distributed from Ecuador to Peru. It contains eight species. Phaedranassa and Rauhia are the genera closest related to Eucrosia. [more]

Eudolon

[more]

Eurycles

[more]

Eusarcops

[more]

Eusipho

[more]

Eustephia

[more]

Eustephiopsis

[more]

Fabricia

[more]

Famatina

A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]

Forbesia

[more]

Fourcroya

[more]

Franquevillea

[more]

Funium

[more]

Galanthus

Herbs, perennial, scapose, from brown, tunicate, ovoid to globose bulbs; offset bulbs often present. Leaves 2(-3), basal, opposite, with sheathing blade, vernation flat and parallel, or convolute; nonsheathing blade erect to recurving at maturity, grayish green, linear-oblanceolate, glaucous; sheathing blade white, tubular, membranous, enclosing leaf bases and scape. Scape erect in flower, prostrate in fruit, green, solid. Inflorescences pendulous, 1-flowered, spathaceous; spathe bracteate, membranous; bracts 2, connate, split on 1 side. Flowers nodding, fragrant; perianath 2.5 cm or shorter; tepals 6, distinct, unequal; outer tepals spreading, white, narrowly obovate to almost orbicular, larger than inner; inner tepals overlapping, appearing tubular, green-spotted at apex only or apex and base, straight to semiorbicular, apex notched; stamens 6, inserted at bases of tepals, distinct; anthers basifixed, longer than filaments, bases lobed, apices tapered, dehiscense introrse, via terminal slits; ovary inferior, green, 3-locular, globose, septal nectaries present; style, white, unbranched, filiform; stigma indistinct to minutely capitate; pedicel wiry, short, slender. Fruits capsular, green, globose, fleshy, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds 18-36, light brown, 3.5 mm, oblong to obtuse, elaiosomes fleshy. x = 12.[5] [more]

Galatea

[more]

Gasteronema

[more]

Gastronema

[more]

Gemmaria

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Gethyllis

[more]

Griffinia

[more]

Gyaxis

[more]

Gymnoterpe

[more]

Habranthus

Herbs, perennial, scapose, from bulbs. Bulbs black or brown, tunicate, ovoid or globose, sometimes with long neck. Leaves deciduous, sessile, erect or recumbent, bases overlapping, sheathing; blade linear, rarely exceeding 2 cm wide, smooth. Scape hollow. Inflorescences umbellate, 1[-4]-flowered, spathaceous; spathe proximally tubular; bracteoles sometimes present. Flowers declinate [to suberect], somewhat zygomorphic; perianth connate proximally, funnelform, shortly tubular basally, 2-8 cm; tepals subequal; filaments inserted on tepals distal to perianth tube, fasciculate [semifasciculate], declinate and recurving distally, filiform, in sets of 4 different lengths; anthers submedially dorsifixed, usually parallel with floral axis, linear-oblong; ovary inferior; style filiform; stigma 3-fid, lobes linear; pedicel rarely absent, hollow. Fruits capsular, 3-locular, thin-walled, subglobose or ± oblate. Seeds numerous, dark brown to black, flat, D-shaped, obliquely winged, lustrous. x = 6.[6] [more]

Haemanthus

Haemanthus is a Southern African genus of with some 22 known species, endemic to South Africa, Namibia and the kingdoms of Lesotho and Swaziland. About 15 species occur in the winter rainfall region of Namaqualand and the Western Cape, the remainder being found in the summer rainfall region, with one species Haemanthus albiflos occurring in both regions. [more]

Hakonechloa

Hakonechloa is a genus of grasses of the Arundinoideae. [more]

Halmyra

[more]

Hannonia

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Haylockia

[more]

Helena

A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]

Hermione

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[7] [more]

Hieronymiella

[more]

Himantophyllum

[more]

Hippeastrum

Herbs, perennial, scapose, glabrous, from globose bulbs. Leaves few, basal; blade liguliform, fleshy, parallel-veined, margins entire, apex tapering. Scape hollow. Inflorescences umbellate, bracteate; bracts 2, scarious. Flowers spreading to slightly drooping, syntepalous; perianth connate proximally, funnelform to campanulate, with minute corona reduced to small crown inserted on throat of tube; tepals 6 in 2 whorls of 3, outer slightly shorter than inner; stamens inserted on perianth tube, declinate, subequal; filaments slender; ovary inferior, ellipsoid; style slender, ca. equaling tepals; stigma capitate or slightly 3-lobed. Fruits capsular, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds few to many.[8] [more]

Hyline

[more]

Hymenetron

[more]

Hymenocallis

Herbs, perennial, scapose, from bulbs. Bulb 1, ovoid or globose, tunicate, often extending into neck of clasping, distichous leaf bases. Leaves 2-16, deciduous or evergreen, sessile, rarely petiolate; blade narrowly to widely liguliform or oblanceolate, rarely ovate to elliptic. Scape: bracts 2-3, triangular, ovate, or lanceolate. Inflorescences umbellate, bracteate; each flower with subtending, often narrowly lanceolate bract. Flowers 1-16, usually sessile, erect or slightly diverging, large and starlike, fragrant; perianth connate basally into short or long tube, surmounted by conspicuous staminal corona; tepals extending from base of corona, free portions reflexed or ascending, often distally recurved, linear; stamens adnate basally into showy funnelform or rotate corona, margins between free portions of filaments often dentate or lacerate, portions of filaments inserted on margin of corona, erect to incurved, filiform; anthers versatile, introrse, pollen yellow, often golden, or orange; ovary inferior, globose, ovoid, oblong, or pyriform, ovules 2-10 per locule; style exserted beyond stamens, deflexed laterally, filiform; stigma capitate. Fruits capsular, green, subglobose to elongate, 3-locular, large, leathery. Seeds large, green, fleshy. x = 20, 23.[9] [more]

Illus

A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[10] [more]

Imantophyllum

[more]

Imatophyllum

[more]

Imhofia

[more]

Indosasa

Arborescent bamboos, sometimes shrubby. Rhizomes leptomorph, with running underground stems. Culms diffuse, erect to nodding; internodes substantially grooved above branches; wall thick, cavity with granular or spongy pith; nodes prominent. Mid-culm branches 3, subequal or central dominant. Culm sheaths deciduous, leathery or thickly papery, setose; ligule truncate; blade large, triangular or lanceolate, rarely strap-shaped. Leaves usually medium to large-sized, transverse veins distinct. Inflorescence fully bracteate, partially iterauctant, lateral, racemose, sessile, prophyllate. Spikelets many flowered, gradually enlarged; basal bracts and glumes often with basal axillary buds developed into secondary spikelets; basal 1-4 florets sometimes sterile. Glumes usually 2; lemma larger and broader than glumes, many veined; palea obtuse, 2-keeled; lodicules 3, subequal. Stamens 6; filaments free. Ovary narrowly ellipsoid or fusiform; style short; stigmas 3, plumose. Fruit a caryopsis, ovoid to ellipsoid, beaked. New shoots spring-early summer.[11] [more]

Ismene

A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]

Jaimehintonia

[more]

Janthe

[more]

Jonquilla

[more]

Kamiesbergia

[more]

Klingia

[more]

Kolpakowskia

[more]

Lais

A Genus in the Kingdom Plantae. [more]

Lapiedra

[more]

Laticoma

[more]

Leichtlinia

[more]

Leopoldia

[more]

Leperiza

[more]

Lepidopharynx

[more]

Leptochiton

[more]

Leucodesmis

[more]

Leucoium

Leucojum

Herbs, perennial, scapose, from brown, globose to ovoid, tunicate bulb. Leaves several; blade linear-ligulate, base sheathing. Scape stout, hollow [slender, solid]. Inflorescences umbellate, 2-5(-7) -flowered, spathaceous; spathe bracts 2, free or entirely adnate on 1 side, appearing monophyllous. Flowers nodding; perianth campanulate; tepals 6, distinct, oblanceolate to ovate, equal; stamens 6, distinct; anthers basifixed, conic, longer than filaments, blunt apically, dehiscing by terminal pores; ovary inferior, green, 3-locular, globose, septal nectaries present; style filiform or clavate, exceeding anthers; stigma minutely capitate. Fruits capsular, erect, pyriform to subglobose, dehiscence loculicidal; pericarp somewhat fleshy. Seeds numerous, black, appendages absent. x = 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12.[12] [more]

Leucothauma

Libonia

Justicia is a genus of about 420 species of in the family Acanthaceae, native to tropical to warm temperate regions of the Americas, with two species occurring north into cooler temperate regions. Common names include water-willow and shrimp plant, the latter from the inflorescences, which resemble a shrimp in some species. [more]

Lilavia

[more]

Liriamus

[more]

Liriopsis

[more]

Loxanthes

[more]

Lycoris

Herbs perennial, bulbiferous. Bulbs subglobose to ovoid; tunic brown to black-brown. Leaves appearing before or after anthesis, ligulate. Flowering stem erect, simple, solid. Umbel terminal, 4--8-flowered; involucres 2, membranous. Perianth white, creamy, gold, pink, or bright red, funnelform; lobes oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, margin sometimes undulate; ring of 6 perianthal scales or fimbriae sometimes present at throat of tube. Stamens inserted at throat of perianth tube; filament filiform; anther versatile. Ovary with few ovules. Style slender; stigma capitate, very small. Fruit a capsule, 3-valved, usually 3-angled, loculicidal. Seeds black, subglobose.[13] [more]

Mangave

Mathieua

[more]

Melicho

[more]

Mesochloa

[more]

Miltinea

[more]

Mizonia

[more]

Moldenkea

[more]

Monella

[more]

Moskerion

[more]

Myobranthus

Myostemma

[more]

Namaquanula

[more]

Narcibularia

[more]

Narcissus

Herbs perennial, scapose, from ovoid, tunicate bulbs. Leaves (1-) several; blade linear to ligulate, flat to semiterete, fleshy. Inflorescences umbellate in clusters of 2-20, or solitary, spathaceous; spathe 1-valved, enclosing buds, membranous or papery. Flowers pedicellate or sessile, erect or declinate, often fragrant; tepals 6, connate proximally, distinct and reflexed to ascending distally, yellow and/or white; perianth tube surmounted by a cupular to trumpetlike corona with margins often frilled; stamens 6, epitepalous, often of 2 lengths; filaments separate from corona; anthers basifixed; ovary inferior, 3-locular; style often exserted; stigma minutely 3-lobed. Fruits capsular, 3-locular, papery to leathery, dehiscence loculidical. Seeds numerous, subglobose, often with elaiosomes; testa black. x = 7, 11.[14] [more]

Neaera

Neaera, Neæra, or Neaira can refer to: [more]

Nemepiodon

[more]

Neostricklandia

[more]

Nerine

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Nivaria

Oileus

Omphalissa

Oporanthus

[more]

Pamianthe

Pamianthe is a genus of in family Amaryllidaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]

Pancratium

Herbs perennial, bulbiferous. Leaves basal, sessile, linear or ligulate. Flowering stem solid. Inflorescences umbellate, 1- to many flowered; involucres 2. Pedicel often short. Perianth subfunnelform; lobes 6, spreading, lanceolate or linear. Stamens inserted at throat of perianth tube; filaments connate into a cup for most of their length but apically free; anthers versatile, linear. Ovary with many ovules. Style filiform; stigma capitate, sometimes somewhat 3-lobed to -branched, small. Fruit a capsule, 3-valved, loculicidal. Seeds black, angular.[15] [more]

Papiria

Paramongaia

[more]

Patrocles

Pentlandia

[more]

Periphanes

[more]

Phaedranassa

Phaedranassa is a genus of in family Amaryllidaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]

Philogyne

Phycella

[more]

Placea

[more]

Plagiolirion

Plectronema

Pogonema

Polyanthemum

Proiphys

[more]

Prototulbaghia

[more]

Pseudostenomesson

Pucara

Pyrolirion

[more]

Queltia

Radia

[more]

Rauhia

[more]

Rhodolirium

Rhodophiala

[more]

Roezlia

Ruminia

Satyrium

[more]

Scadoxus

[more]

Sceptranthes

Scleropoa

[more]

Serena

Sphaerine

Sphaerotele

[more]

Sprekelia

Sprekelia is a of about 1-2 of bulbous plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, or Alliaceae. They are native to Central America. Like, Hippeastrum, these plants were known as Amaryllis. The Sprekelia is sometimes called the "Aztec lily", although it is not a true lily. Sprekelia formosissima is common in cultivation, planted in warm climates or raised in pots in colder climates, or planted and lifted, much as gladiolus. Even when well grown, bulbs often don't bloom every year. In a grouping of a dozen or so bulbs, only two or three may bloom in any given year. [more]

Stenbergia

Stenolirion

Stenomesson

[more]

Sternbergia

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]

Strumaria

Strumaria is a genus of in family Amaryllidaceae. It contains the following species (but this list may be incomplete): [more]

Tapeinanthus

[more]

Tedingea

Tityrus

Tocantinia

[more]

Traubia

[more]

Ungernia

[more]

Urceocharis

[more]

Urceolina

[more]

Vagaria

[more]

Vaginaria

[more]

Vallota

Vallota is a of the plant family Amaryllidaceae. It includes the Scarborough Lily (V. speciosa, sometimes listed as V. purpurea). [more]

Valota

[more]

Worsleya

[more]

X Amarcrinum

X Amarine

X Amarygia

X Hippeastrelia

Zephyranthes

Herbs, perennial, scapose, from bulbs. Bulbs black or brown, tunicate, ovoid or globose, sometimes with long neck. Leaves sessile, erect or recumbent, with overlapping sheathing bases; blade linear, rarely exceeding 1 cm wide, smooth. Scape hollow. Inflorescence 1-flowered (rarely 2-flowered in Z. drummondii), spathaceous, otherwise ebracteate; spathe proximally tubular. Flowers erect to declinate, actinomorphic; perianth subrotate to funnelform to salverform, connate basally into tube, 2-16 cm; tepals subequal; stamens 6, of 2 different lengths, appearing equal or subequal (anthers in 2 overlapping sets of 3) to unequal (anthers of the sets not overlapping in Z. longifolia) ; filaments inserted just above perianth tube, erect, diverging except when shorter than tube, long-filiform to short-subulate, those inserted on distal tepals usually 1+ mm longer than those inserted on proximal ones; anthers submedially dorsifixed, usually parallel with floral axis, linear-oblong; ovary inferior; style filiform; stigma capitate or 3-fid with lobes linear; pedicel sometimes absent, hollow. Fruits capsular, thin-walled, 3-locular, subglobose or ± oblate. Seeds numerous, black, flat, D- or wedge-shaped, lustrous. x = 6.[16] [more]

Zetocapnia

More info about the Genus Zetocapnia may be found here.

Bibliography

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Footnotes

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  1. Zhanhe Ji & Alan W. Meerow "Amaryllidaceae". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 264. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  2. http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Anax&search=Search
  3. http://www.ubio.org/browser/details.php?namebankID=1214
  4. Walter C. Holmes "Crinum". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 55, 278, 279. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  5. Gerald B. Straley  & Frederick H. Utech "Galanthus". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 55, 280, 293. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  6. Raymond O. Flagg, Gerald L. Smith & Walter S. Flory "Habranthus". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 55, 281. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  7. http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Hermione&search=Search
  8. Walter C. Holmes "Hippeastrum". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 55, 282. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  9. Gerald L. Smith & Walter S. Flory "Hymenocallis". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 54, 283, 284. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  10. http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Illus&search=Search
  11. Zheng-de Zhu & Chris Stapleton "Indosasa". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 9, 143, 148. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  12. Gerald B. Straley  & Frederick H. Utech "Leucojum". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 55, 280, 293. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  13. Shi Suan Shu "Lycoris". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 266. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  14. Gerald B. Straley  & Frederick H. Utech "Narcissus". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 53, 54, 294. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  15. "Pancratium". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 266. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  16. Raymond O. Flagg, Gerald L. Smith & Walter S. Flory "Zephyranthes". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 55, 281, 282, 296, 297, 298, 299, 303. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Sources

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Last Revised: February 24, 2012
2012/02/24 17:33:49