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Allioideae

(Subfamily)

Overview

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A Subfamily in the Kingdom Plantae.

Photos

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Taxonomy

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The Subfamily Allioideae is a member of the Family Alliaceae. Here is the complete "parentage" of Allioideae:

The Subfamily Allioideae is further organized into finer groupings including:

Genera

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Ajuga

Plants annual, biennial or perennial, herbaceous, rarely shrubs. Leaves simple; leaf blade papery, margin dentate to incised, rarely subentire. Verticillasters 2- to many flowered, in false spikes; floral leaves similar to stem leaves or gradually reduced to bracts, rarely dissimilar, larger than stem leaves. Flowers subsessile. Calyx ovoid to globose, campanulate to funnelform, 10-veined, sometimes with inconspicuous accessory veins; teeth 5, slightly irregular. Corolla purple to blue, rarely yellow or white, 2-lipped, often persistent in fruit; tube straight to slightly curved, base slightly bent/swollen; throat slightly dilated, villous annulate, rarely glabrous inside; upper lip straight, entire to 2-lobed; lower lip elongate, 3-lobed, with middle lobe obcordate to nearly flabellate and lateral lobes oblong. Stamens 4, didynamous, exserted from upper lip, involute in bud, anterior 2 longer; filaments straight to slightly curved; anther cells 2, apically confluent. Style subequally 2-cleft, lobes subulate. Nutlets obovoid, triquetrous, netted on back, lateral-ventral side with an areole 1/2-2/3 its length, with an elaiosome.[1] [more]

Allium

Herbs, perennial, scapose, from tunicate bulbs, with onion odor and taste. Bulbs solitary or clustered, dividing at base, or on rhizomes, reforming annually; outer coats generally brown or gray, smooth, fibrous, or with cellular reticulation (generally important in identification) ; inner coats membranous. Leaves generally withering from tip by anthesis, usually persistent, 1-12, basal; blade usually linear, terete, channeled, or flat (carinate in A. sativum, A. praecox, A. tuberosum, A. rotundum, A. neapolitanum, A. triquetrum, A. unifolium, and A. lacunosum), straight or ± falcate (coiled or circinate in A. nevadense and A. atrorubens), broader in A. victorialis and A. tricoccum, not petiolate (except in A. tricoccum and A. victorialis) . Scape usually persistent, terete or flattened. Inflorescences umbellate, flowering centripetally (centrifugally in A. schoenoprasum), sometimes replaced totally or partially by bulbils, subtended by spathe bracts; bracts conspicuous, ± fused, usually 3+-veined, equaling pedicel except in some introduced species, membranous. Flowers erect (pendent in A. triquetrum) ; tepals 6, in 2 similar whorls, ± distinct, petallike, usually becoming becoming dry and persisting; stamens 6, epipetalous; filaments in all but 1 native species broad at base, fused into ring (some introduced species and A. victorialis appendaged), linear, generally glabrous (A. rotundum and A. hoffmanii papillose to ciliate proximally) ; anthers and pollen variously colored; ovary superior, 3-lobed, sometimes crested with processes, 3-locular, usually 2 ovules per locule (6-8 in A. nigrum), crest processes 3 or 6, smooth except in A. haematochiton, A. sharsmithiae, and A. lacunosum; style 1; stigma capitate to ± 3-lobed; pedicel erect or spreading (lax in A. triquetrum) . Fruits capsular, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds black, obovoid, finely cellular-reticulate, cells smooth or minutely roughened, with 1-8 papillae, without caruncle except in A. triquetrum. x = 7, 8, 9.[2] [more]

Androstephium

Herbs, perennial, scapose, from fibrous-coated corms. Leaves several, basal; blade linear, channeled. Scape solitary, cylindrical. Inflorescences umbellate, terminal, bracteate; bracts 3, lanceolate. Flowers: perianth 6-tepaled, distinctly connate proximally into tube, tube funnelform, slightly less to ca. 1/2 overall length of tepals; tepals similar; stamens 6, epitepalous; filaments erect, dilated their entire length, conate into a nectariferous tube with erect, 2-fid apical filament appendages forming a crown between anthers; anthers basifixed, introrse; pistil 3-carpellate; ovary superior, sessile, 3-locular, ovules several; style persistent, long, slender; stigma small, 3-lobed; pedicel not articulate, ± stout. Fruits capsular, 3-angled, subglobose, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds black, flat, coat with crust.[3] [more]

Bloomeria

Herbs, perennial, scapose, from fibrous-coated corms. Leaves 1-8, basal; blade linear-lanceolate, keeled, margins entire. Scape slender, cylindrical, rigid. Inflorescences umbellate, open, 10-35-flowered, bracteate; bracts 2-4, scarious, membranous, not enclosing flower buds. Flowers: tepals 6, persistent, widely spreading, distinct or barely connate at base, golden yellow, striped brownish or green, nearly equal, oblong-linear, subrotate at anthesis; stamens 6, epitepalous, slightly shorter than and inserted at base of tepals; filaments filiform distally, dilated basally, ca. 6 mm, dilated bases sometimes connate into nectariferous cup, cup sometimes having basal filament appendages arising from apex; anthers subbasifixed, versatile; pistil 3-carpellate; ovary superior, sessile, 3-locular, ovules anatropous, several per locule; style persistent, splitting with capsule, filiform or clavate, 5 mm; stigma 3-lobed; pedicel long, erect, ray-like, base and apex articulate. Fruits sessile, capsular, 3-angled, subglobose, 5-6 mm, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds black, angular, subovoid, wrinkled, coat with crust. x = 9 (except for B. clevelandii x = 14).[4] [more]

Brodiaea

Herbs, perennial, scapose, from fibrous-coated corms. Leaves 1-6, basal; blade linear, crescent-shaped in cross section. Scape solitary, cylindrical, usually slender, occasionally stout, rigid. Inflorescences umbellate, open, bracteate; bracts scarious, not enclosing flower buds. Flowers: perianth 6-tepaled, distinctly connate proximally into tube, shiny, abaxial perianth usually bluish purple, tube narrowly campanulate or funnelform, outer 3 lobes narrower than inner 3; stamens 3, epitepalous, opposite inner perianth lobes, alternating with 3 staminodia (staminodia absent in B. orcuttii) opposite outer perianth lobes; filaments adnate to perianth tube, linear, base sometimes dilated to form triangular flap, or sometimes with abaxial wings or appendages; anthers basifixed, appressed to style; pistil 3-carpellate; ovary superior, green (purple in B. jolonensis), sessile, 3-locular, ovules several; style erect; stigma 3-lobed, lobes distinctly spreading and recurved; pedicel erect, articulate at base. Fruits capsular, ovoid, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds black, rounded to flattened, coat with crust with longitudinal surface striations. x = 6, 8, 12, 16, 18, 20, or 24.[5] [more]

Bromus

Annuals or perennials. Culms erect, tufted or with rhizomes. Leaf sheaths closed; leaf blades linear, usually flat; ligules membranous. Panicles spreading or contracted, branches scabrid or pubescent, elongated or arched. Spikelets large, with 3 to many florets, upper florets often sterile; rachilla disarticulating above glumes and between florets, scabrid or shortly hairy; glumes unequal or subequal, shorter than spikelet, lanceolate or nearly ovate, (1-) 5-7-veined, apex acute or long acuminate or aristiform; floret callus glabrous or both sides thinly hairy; lemmas rounded on back or compressed to keel, 5-9(-11) -veined, herbaceous or nearly leathery, margins often membranous, apex entire or 2-toothed; awn terminal or arising from lemma between teeth slightly under apex, rarely awnless or 3-awned; palea narrow, usually shorter than lemma, keels ciliate or scabrid. Lodicules 2. Stamens 3. Ovary apex with appendage; styles 2, arising from lower front of appendage. Caryopsis oblong, apex hairy, adaxial surface sulcate. Chromosomes large, x = 7, 2n = 14, 28, 42, 56, 70.[6] [more]

Broussonetia

Trees, deciduous; sap milky. Terminal buds surrounded by bud scales. Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled; stipules caducous, free. Leaf blade ovate, lobed or entire, margins dentate; venation appearing palmate or weakly 3-veined from base. Staminate inflorescences pedunculate, cylindric spikes; pistillate inflorescences short-pedunculate, globose capitula. Flowers: staminate and pistillate on different plants. Staminate flowers: sepals 4, connate at base; stamens 4, inflexed. Pistillate flowers: sepals 4, connate, forming tube; ovary superior, stipitate, 1-locular; style unbranched. Fruits globose; each drupelet partly protruding from its enlarged calyx. x = 13.[7] [more]

Brownea

Brownea is a genus of about 30 species in the family , subfamily Caesalpinioideae. The genus is native to tropical regions of the Americas. The species are shrubs and trees growing to 20 m tall. [more]

Bruckenthalia

[more]

Buddleja

Shrubs, less often trees, lianas, or suffrutescent herbs. Branches terete, 4-angled, or 4-winged. Leaves opposite, rarely alternate; stipules usually leafy, suborbicular and auriculate or reduced to a transverse line; petiole often short; leaf blade margin entire, crenate, or dentate. Inflorescences terminal and/or axillary, usually many-flowered; bracts mostly leafy; bracteoles resembling sepals. Flowers 4-merous, bisexual or unisexual. Calyx campanulate or subcampanulate, less often cup-shaped or obconical, tube usually longer than lobes. Corolla campanulate, cup-shaped, salverform, or funnel-shaped; tube cylindrical, straight to curved, usually longer than lobes; lobes imbricate, rarely valvate. Stamens inserted on corolla tube, usually included, alternating with corolla lobes; filaments shorter to longer than anthers; anthers introrse, 2-locular, base usually deeply cordate. Ovary 2(--4) -locular, with several to many ovules per locule. Style short to long; stigma often large, clavate, capitate, or less often 2-lobed. Fruit a septicidally 2-valved capsule or in China only Buddleja madagascariensis a berry, many-seeded. Seeds small, often winged; endosperm fleshy; embryo straight.[8] [more]

Centaurea

Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 20-300 cm, glabrous or tomentose. Stems erect, ascending, or spreading, simple or branched. Leaves basal and cauline; petiolate or sessile; proximal blade margins often ± deeply lobed, (spiny in C. benedicta ), distal ± smaller, often entire, faces glabrous or ± tomentose, sometimes also villous, strigose, or puberulent, often glandular-punctate. Heads discoid, disciform, or radiant, borne singly or in corymbiform arrays. Involucres cylindric or ovoid to hemispheric . Phyllaries many in 6-many series, unequal, proximal part appressed, body margins entire. distal parts expanded into erect to spreading, usually ± dentate or fringed, linear to ovate appendages, spine. tipped or spineless. Receptacles flat, epaleate, bristly. Florets 10-many; outer usually sterile, corollas slender and inconspicuous to much expanded, ± bilateral; inner fertile, corollas white to blue, pink, purple, or yellow, bilateral or radial, often bent at junction of tubes and throats, lobes linear-oblong, acute; anther bases tailed, apical appendages oblong; style branches: fused portions with minutely hairy nodes, distinct portions minute. Cypselae ± barrel-shaped, ± compressed, smooth or ribbed, apices entire (denticulate in C. benedicta ), glabrous or with fine, 1-celled hairs, attachment scar. lateral (with or without elaiosomes) ; pappi 0 or ± persistent, of 1-3 series of smooth or minutely barbed, stiff bristles or narrow scales . x = 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15.[9] [more]

Chamaecyparis

Trees (rarely shrubs). Branchlets terete or rhombic in cross section, in fan-shaped or pinnately flattened sprays. Leaves opposite in 4 ranks. Adult leaves usually appressed, lateral and facial pairs similar, closely overlapping, scalelike, free portion of long-shoot leaves to ca. 7 mm; abaxial glands present or absent, circular to linear. Pollen cones with 2--3 pairs of sporophylls, each sporophyll with 2--4 pollen sacs. Seed cones maturing and opening in 1--2 years, nearly globose, glaucous, 4--12 mm; scales persistent, 2--5(--6) pairs, valvate, peltate or basifixed, thick and woody, terminal pair often fused. Seeds 1--4 per cone scale, lenticular, equally 2-winged; cotyledons 2--3. x = 11.[10] [more]

Dandya

[more]

Gastrorchis

Phaius is a of large, mostly terrestrial orchids (family Orchidaceae). The genus has about 20 species. These species are found in tropical Asia, into China, Japan, Australia, and west to Africa and Madagascar. The genus is abbreviated Phaius in trade journals. [more]

Hesperoscordum

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Ipheion

The plant genus Ipheion belongs to the family and contains about 6 species. [more]

Leucocoryne

Leucocoryne () is a genus of bulbous perennials of the family Alliaceae. There are twelve species, all native to Chile. The foliage of all species is long and narrow and has an onion-like scent. The blue, white or lilac flowers are held in umbels. [more]

Malva

Herbs annual or perennial, ascending or erect. Leaves alternate; stipule sessile, usually ciliate, persistent; leaf blade palmately lobed or sometimes deeply dissected. Flowers solitary or fascicled, axillary. Involucellar bracts usually 3, linear or foliaceous, usually free. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-lobed, often accrescent and spreading in fruit. Petals 5, usually purple, sometimes white, rose to dark red, apex usually emarginate or with a prominent notch. Anthers borne on staminal column apex. Ovary with 9-15 pistils; ovule 1 per locule, erect; style branches as many as pistils, adaxial surface stigmatic. Fruit a schizocarp, oblate, pubescent or glabrous; mericarps 9-15, indehiscent, mature carpels without spines. Seeds 1 per mericarp.[11] [more]

Milla

Herbs, perennial, scapose, from corms. Corm solitary, coated with membrane. Leaves 2-7, basal; blade linear, channeled to terete; veins sometimes scabrous, particularly proximally. Scapes 1 or rarely 2, persistent, terete, sometimes scabrous, particularly proximally. Inflorescences falsely umbellate, 1-30-flowered, subtended by 4 narrowly triangular bracts that do not enclose flowers in bud. Flowers sessile but appearing pedicellate, 4-15 cm; perianth salverform; tepals 6, connate basally into long, slender tube; perianth lobes white with green, pink, or blue abaxial stripes, shorter than tube; stamens 6, inserted on perianth tube, distinct; ovary superior, 3-locular, long-stipitate, stipe adnate to perianth tube on 3 angles; style usually exserted; stigma obscurely 3-lobed; pseudopedicel formed by elongate perianth tube ± enlarged around ovary. Fruits capsular, beaked by persistent style base, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds numerous, black, flattened, minutely cellularly reticulate.[12] [more]

Milula

Herbs perennial, with strong, onionlike odor. Bulb cylindric, enveloped by fibers derived from disintegrated leaf sheaths, usually with a short rhizome at base. Leaves linear, base sheathing. Inflorescence a terminal spike, many flowered, enveloped while young by a membranous spathe. Flowers crowded, small. Perianth segments usually 6, connate for 1/3--2/3 their length into a tube. Stamens 6, inserted at base of perianth tube, exserted; inner ones strongly dilated in basal 1/2, with 1 tooth on each side; anthers subdorsifixed. Ovary 3-loculed; ovules 2 per locule. Style columnar, slender; stigma small. Fruit a capsule, several seeded, loculicidal.[13] [more]

Muilla

Herbs, perennial, scapose, from fibrous-coated corms. Leaves 1-10, strictly basal; blade linear, elongate, flat, not keeled or channeled, surrounded by fibrous sheath. Scapes 1-2, cylindrical. Inflorescences umbellate, terminal, bracteate; bracts several, white or greenish white, scarious. Flowers: perianth subrotate, narrowly oblong; tepals 6, spreading, mostly distinct, only shortly connate at base, white to greenish white or bluish, sometimes tinged with lilac, subequal; stamens 6, epitepalous, inserted near base of tepals; filaments filiform, subulate, or conspicuously dilated, sometimes overlapping or connate; anthers versatile, introrse; pistil 3-carpellate; ovary superior, sessile, 3-locular, ovules several; style persistent, clavate; stigma 3-lobed, minute; pedicel slender, not articulate. Fruits capsular, slightly lobed, globose, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds black, angled, coat with crust. x = 7, 8, 10.[14] [more]

Nectaroscordum

[more]

Neillia

Shrubs, rarely subshrubs, deciduous. Branchlets spreading, slender, terete or angled; buds ovoid, scales imbricate, apex acute. Leaves often 2-ranked; stipules conspicuous, deciduous; leaf blade simple, margin doubly serrate and usually 3-parted or shallowly 3-5(-7) -lobed. Inflorescence a terminal or sometimes axillary raceme or panicle; bracts linear-lanceolate to ovate, small, caducous. Flowers bisexual. Hypanthium campanulate, urceolate-campanulate, or cylindric. Sepals 5, erect, persistent in fruit and becoming densely pubescent and stipitate glandular abaxially. Petals white or pink-red, subequaling sepals. Stamens 10-30, irregularly 2-whorled on rim of hypanthium, not exceeding petals. Carpels 1(-5) ; ovary with 2-10 ovules; style erect. Follicles enclosed by persistent hypanthium, dehiscent along adaxial suture. Seeds several, obovoid; testa lustrous; caruncle convex.[15] [more]

Nelumbo

Rhizomes forming swollen storage tubers late in growing season. Leaf blade peltate, orbiculate, margins entire. Flowers exceeding leaves, to 2.5 dm or more diam.; tepals caducous or outermost persistent, 14-30, white to pink-purple or yellow; stamens 100-200. Fruits somewhat globose or ovoid; receptacle gradually or abruptly narrowed from top to base, base tapered to rounded, lateral surface striate or rugose. x = 8.[16] [more]

Petronymphe

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Tristagma

[more]

Triteleia

Herbs, perennial, scapose, from fibrous-coated corms. Leaves 1-3, basal; blade narrowly lanceolate (linear in Triteleia ixioides), keeled, channeled, glabrous, margins entire. Scape erect, cylindrical, 1-5 mm diam., rigid. Inflorescences umbellate, open, bracteate; bracts green (purplish in T. lemmoniae), ± lanceolate, scarious. Flowers: perianth 6-tepaled, connate proximally into tube of varying length and shape, usually funnelform, lobes similar, usually ascending to spreading; stamens 6, epitepalous; filaments distinct, adnate to perianth tube in 1 or 2 rows, equal or of 2 unequal lengths, free portions flattened, sometimes dilated at base to form triangle, apical appendages usually absent, when present sometimes forming a crown; anthers versatile, usually curving away from stigma; pistil 3-carpellate; ovary superior, green or colored like perianth (yellow in T. peduncularis, white in T. clementina), stipitate, 3-locular, ovules anatropous, 2-several per locule; style 2-4 mm; stigma weakly 3-lobed; pedicel ± erect, often articulate, usually longer than perianth (shorter in T. crocea). Fruits capsular, ovoid, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds black, ridged on 1 side, subglobose, rounded, coarsely and irregularly pitted, minutely granulate or granulate-reticulate, coat with crust. x = 7, 8.[17] [more]

Triteleiopsis

Herbs, perennial, scapose, from fibrous-coated corms. Leaves alternate, crowded at base; blade planate, keeled, linear, base expanded, margins entire. Scape solitary (rarely 2), cylindrical, stout, 4.5-6 dm × 7-15 mm, pithy, glaucous distally. Inflorescences umbellate, open, many-flowered, bracteate; involucral bracts 7-10, scarious, apex acuminate. Flowers: perianth 6-tepaled, funnelform, distinctly connate proximally into tube; perianth appendages arising at intersection of perianth tube and lobes; stamens 6, epitepalous; filaments inserted in distal part of perianth tube; anthers basifixed, distant from style; pistil 3-carpellate; ovary superior, stipitate, 3-locular, ovules several; style erect, slender; stigma not evidently lobed; pedicel articulate, 1.5-5 cm. Fruits capsular, rounded at apex, equaling withered perianth, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds black, elongate, thin, flat, surface minutely and irregularly roughened, coat with crust. 2n = 33.[18] [more]

Tulbaghia

[more]

At least 79 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Tulbaghia.

More info about the Genus Tulbaghia may be found here.

Bibliography

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Footnotes

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  1. "Ajuga". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 63. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  2. Dale W. McNeal Jr. & T. D. Jacobsen "Allium". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 53, 55, 224, 225, 259, 334, 336. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  3. J. Chris Pires & James. L. Reveal "Androstephium". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 53, 55, 329, 332, 333, 334, 335. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  4. J. Chris Pires "Bloomeria". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 53, 55, 321, 332, 334, 336, 338. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  5. J. Chris Pires "Brodiaea". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 20, 53, 55, 321, 326, 328, 331, 332, 336, 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  6. Liang Liu, Guanghua Zhu & Klaus Ammann "Bromus". in Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 370, 371. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  7. "Broussonetia". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  8. "Buddleja". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 329. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  9. David J. Keil, Jörg Ochsmann "Centaurea". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 52, 57, 58, 67, 83, 84, 96, 171, 172, 176, 177, EFloras.org.
  10. David C. Michener "Chamaecyparis". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  11. "Malva". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 265, 267. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  12. Dale W. McNeal Jr. "Milla". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 53, 55, 332, 346. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  13. Chen Sing-chi, Nicholas J. Turland "Milula". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 202. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  14. J. Chris Pires & James L. Reveal "Muilla". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 53, 55, 332, 333, 334, 335, 336, 338. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  15. Ku Tsue-chih, Crinan Alexander "Neillia". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 77. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  16. "Nelumbo". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  17. J. Chris Pires "Triteleia". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 53, 55, 321, 332, 334, 335, 336, 338, 339,. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  18. J. Chris Pires "Triteleiopsis". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 53, 55, 332. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Sources

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Last Revised: September 22, 2009
2009/09/22 14:14:48