Overview
Photos
Taxonomy
The Tribe Allieae is a member of the Subfamily Allioideae. Here is the complete "parentage" of Allieae:
- Domain: Eukaryota
Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae
Haeckel, 1866
- Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae
Cavalier-Smith, 1981 - Green Plants
- Phylum: Tracheophyta
Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
- Subphylum: Euphyllophytina
- Infraphylum: Radiatopses
Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class: Liliopsida
Scopoli, 1760 - Monocotyledons
- Subclass: Liliidae
Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder: Lilianae
Takhtajan, 1967
- Order: Amaryllidales
Bromhead, 1840
- Family: Alliaceae
(AL-ee-um)
J. Agardh, 1858
- Subfamily: Allioideae
- Tribe: Allieae
- Subfamily: Allioideae
- Family: Alliaceae
(AL-ee-um)
J. Agardh, 1858
- Order: Amaryllidales
Bromhead, 1840
- Superorder: Lilianae
Takhtajan, 1967
- Subclass: Liliidae
Takhtajan, 1967
- Class: Liliopsida
Scopoli, 1760 - Monocotyledons
- Infraphylum: Radiatopses
Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Subphylum: Euphyllophytina
- Phylum: Tracheophyta
Sinnott, 1935 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Vascular Plants
- Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae
Cavalier-Smith, 1981 - Green Plants
- Kingdom: Plantae
Haeckel, 1866
The Tribe Allieae is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Genus (17): Ajuga · Allium · Androsace · Buddleja · Centaurea · Chamaecyparis · Gastrorchis · Ipheion · Leucocoryne · Malva · Milula · Nectaroscordum · Neillia · Nelumbo · Prostanthera · Tristagma · Tulbaghia
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 2,036 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in the Tribe Allieae.
Genera
Ajuga
Plants annual, biennial or perennial, herbaceous, rarely shrubs. Leaves simple; leaf blade papery, margin dentate to incised, rarely subentire. Verticillasters 2- to many flowered, in false spikes; floral leaves similar to stem leaves or gradually reduced to bracts, rarely dissimilar, larger than stem leaves. Flowers subsessile. Calyx ovoid to globose, campanulate to funnelform, 10-veined, sometimes with inconspicuous accessory veins; teeth 5, slightly irregular. Corolla purple to blue, rarely yellow or white, 2-lipped, often persistent in fruit; tube straight to slightly curved, base slightly bent/swollen; throat slightly dilated, villous annulate, rarely glabrous inside; upper lip straight, entire to 2-lobed; lower lip elongate, 3-lobed, with middle lobe obcordate to nearly flabellate and lateral lobes oblong. Stamens 4, didynamous, exserted from upper lip, involute in bud, anterior 2 longer; filaments straight to slightly curved; anther cells 2, apically confluent. Style subequally 2-cleft, lobes subulate. Nutlets obovoid, triquetrous, netted on back, lateral-ventral side with an areole 1/2-2/3 its length, with an elaiosome.[1] [more]
Allium
Herbs, perennial, scapose, from tunicate bulbs, with onion odor and taste. Bulbs solitary or clustered, dividing at base, or on rhizomes, reforming annually; outer coats generally brown or gray, smooth, fibrous, or with cellular reticulation (generally important in identification) ; inner coats membranous. Leaves generally withering from tip by anthesis, usually persistent, 1-12, basal; blade usually linear, terete, channeled, or flat (carinate in A. sativum, A. praecox, A. tuberosum, A. rotundum, A. neapolitanum, A. triquetrum, A. unifolium, and A. lacunosum), straight or ± falcate (coiled or circinate in A. nevadense and A. atrorubens), broader in A. victorialis and A. tricoccum, not petiolate (except in A. tricoccum and A. victorialis) . Scape usually persistent, terete or flattened. Inflorescences umbellate, flowering centripetally (centrifugally in A. schoenoprasum), sometimes replaced totally or partially by bulbils, subtended by spathe bracts; bracts conspicuous, ± fused, usually 3+-veined, equaling pedicel except in some introduced species, membranous. Flowers erect (pendent in A. triquetrum) ; tepals 6, in 2 similar whorls, ± distinct, petallike, usually becoming becoming dry and persisting; stamens 6, epipetalous; filaments in all but 1 native species broad at base, fused into ring (some introduced species and A. victorialis appendaged), linear, generally glabrous (A. rotundum and A. hoffmanii papillose to ciliate proximally) ; anthers and pollen variously colored; ovary superior, 3-lobed, sometimes crested with processes, 3-locular, usually 2 ovules per locule (6-8 in A. nigrum), crest processes 3 or 6, smooth except in A. haematochiton, A. sharsmithiae, and A. lacunosum; style 1; stigma capitate to ± 3-lobed; pedicel erect or spreading (lax in A. triquetrum) . Fruits capsular, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds black, obovoid, finely cellular-reticulate, cells smooth or minutely roughened, with 1-8 papillae, without caruncle except in A. triquetrum. x = 7, 8, 9.[2] [more]
Androsace
Herbs perennial, annual, or biennial, acaulescent, rarely caulescent with ascending or decumbent shoots from a caudex. Leaves forming a rosette, rarely alternate; rosettes solitary or clustered, forming lax mats or compact cushions. Inflorescences umbellate, rarely a solitary flower, with bracts. Flowers 5-merous, homostylous. Calyx campanulate to subglobose, shallowly to deeply lobed. Corolla white, pink, purple, or dark red, rarely yellow; tube usually ± inflated, ca. as long as to shorter than calyx; throat constricted; lobes entire or emarginate. Stamens included, inserted on corolla tube; filaments very short; anthers ovate, apex obtuse. Style not longer than corolla tube. Capsule subglobose, dehiscing nearly to base. Seeds few to many.[3] [more]
Buddleja
Shrubs, less often trees, lianas, or suffrutescent herbs. Branches terete, 4-angled, or 4-winged. Leaves opposite, rarely alternate; stipules usually leafy, suborbicular and auriculate or reduced to a transverse line; petiole often short; leaf blade margin entire, crenate, or dentate. Inflorescences terminal and/or axillary, usually many-flowered; bracts mostly leafy; bracteoles resembling sepals. Flowers 4-merous, bisexual or unisexual. Calyx campanulate or subcampanulate, less often cup-shaped or obconical, tube usually longer than lobes. Corolla campanulate, cup-shaped, salverform, or funnel-shaped; tube cylindrical, straight to curved, usually longer than lobes; lobes imbricate, rarely valvate. Stamens inserted on corolla tube, usually included, alternating with corolla lobes; filaments shorter to longer than anthers; anthers introrse, 2-locular, base usually deeply cordate. Ovary 2(--4) -locular, with several to many ovules per locule. Style short to long; stigma often large, clavate, capitate, or less often 2-lobed. Fruit a septicidally 2-valved capsule or in China only Buddleja madagascariensis a berry, many-seeded. Seeds small, often winged; endosperm fleshy; embryo straight.[4] [more]
Centaurea
Annuals, biennials, or perennials, 20-300 cm, glabrous or tomentose. Stems erect, ascending, or spreading, simple or branched. Leaves basal and cauline; petiolate or sessile; proximal blade margins often ± deeply lobed, (spiny in C. benedicta ), distal ± smaller, often entire, faces glabrous or ± tomentose, sometimes also villous, strigose, or puberulent, often glandular-punctate. Heads discoid, disciform, or radiant, borne singly or in corymbiform arrays. Involucres cylindric or ovoid to hemispheric . Phyllaries many in 6-many series, unequal, proximal part appressed, body margins entire. distal parts expanded into erect to spreading, usually ± dentate or fringed, linear to ovate appendages, spine. tipped or spineless. Receptacles flat, epaleate, bristly. Florets 10-many; outer usually sterile, corollas slender and inconspicuous to much expanded, ± bilateral; inner fertile, corollas white to blue, pink, purple, or yellow, bilateral or radial, often bent at junction of tubes and throats, lobes linear-oblong, acute; anther bases tailed, apical appendages oblong; style branches: fused portions with minutely hairy nodes, distinct portions minute. Cypselae ± barrel-shaped, ± compressed, smooth or ribbed, apices entire (denticulate in C. benedicta ), glabrous or with fine, 1-celled hairs, attachment scar. lateral (with or without elaiosomes) ; pappi 0 or ± persistent, of 1-3 series of smooth or minutely barbed, stiff bristles or narrow scales . x = 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15.[5] [more]
Chamaecyparis
Trees (rarely shrubs). Branchlets terete or rhombic in cross section, in fan-shaped or pinnately flattened sprays. Leaves opposite in 4 ranks. Adult leaves usually appressed, lateral and facial pairs similar, closely overlapping, scalelike, free portion of long-shoot leaves to ca. 7 mm; abaxial glands present or absent, circular to linear. Pollen cones with 2--3 pairs of sporophylls, each sporophyll with 2--4 pollen sacs. Seed cones maturing and opening in 1--2 years, nearly globose, glaucous, 4--12 mm; scales persistent, 2--5(--6) pairs, valvate, peltate or basifixed, thick and woody, terminal pair often fused. Seeds 1--4 per cone scale, lenticular, equally 2-winged; cotyledons 2--3. x = 11.[6] [more]
Gastrorchis
Phaius is a of large, mostly terrestrial orchids (family Orchidaceae). The genus has about 20 species. These species are found in tropical Asia, into China, Japan, Australia, and west to Africa and Madagascar. The genus is abbreviated Phaius in trade journals. [more]
Ipheion
The plant genus Ipheion belongs to the family and contains about 6 species. [more]
Leucocoryne
Leucocoryne () is a genus of bulbous perennials of the family Alliaceae. There are twelve species, all native to Chile. The foliage of all species is long and narrow and has an onion-like scent. The blue, white or lilac flowers are held in umbels. [more]
Malva
Herbs annual or perennial, ascending or erect. Leaves alternate; stipule sessile, usually ciliate, persistent; leaf blade palmately lobed or sometimes deeply dissected. Flowers solitary or fascicled, axillary. Involucellar bracts usually 3, linear or foliaceous, usually free. Calyx cup-shaped, 5-lobed, often accrescent and spreading in fruit. Petals 5, usually purple, sometimes white, rose to dark red, apex usually emarginate or with a prominent notch. Anthers borne on staminal column apex. Ovary with 9-15 pistils; ovule 1 per locule, erect; style branches as many as pistils, adaxial surface stigmatic. Fruit a schizocarp, oblate, pubescent or glabrous; mericarps 9-15, indehiscent, mature carpels without spines. Seeds 1 per mericarp.[7] [more]
Milula
Herbs perennial, with strong, onionlike odor. Bulb cylindric, enveloped by fibers derived from disintegrated leaf sheaths, usually with a short rhizome at base. Leaves linear, base sheathing. Inflorescence a terminal spike, many flowered, enveloped while young by a membranous spathe. Flowers crowded, small. Perianth segments usually 6, connate for 1/3--2/3 their length into a tube. Stamens 6, inserted at base of perianth tube, exserted; inner ones strongly dilated in basal 1/2, with 1 tooth on each side; anthers subdorsifixed. Ovary 3-loculed; ovules 2 per locule. Style columnar, slender; stigma small. Fruit a capsule, several seeded, loculicidal.[8] [more]
Nectaroscordum
Neillia
Shrubs, rarely subshrubs, deciduous. Branchlets spreading, slender, terete or angled; buds ovoid, scales imbricate, apex acute. Leaves often 2-ranked; stipules conspicuous, deciduous; leaf blade simple, margin doubly serrate and usually 3-parted or shallowly 3-5(-7) -lobed. Inflorescence a terminal or sometimes axillary raceme or panicle; bracts linear-lanceolate to ovate, small, caducous. Flowers bisexual. Hypanthium campanulate, urceolate-campanulate, or cylindric. Sepals 5, erect, persistent in fruit and becoming densely pubescent and stipitate glandular abaxially. Petals white or pink-red, subequaling sepals. Stamens 10-30, irregularly 2-whorled on rim of hypanthium, not exceeding petals. Carpels 1(-5) ; ovary with 2-10 ovules; style erect. Follicles enclosed by persistent hypanthium, dehiscent along adaxial suture. Seeds several, obovoid; testa lustrous; caruncle convex.[9] [more]
Nelumbo
Rhizomes forming swollen storage tubers late in growing season. Leaf blade peltate, orbiculate, margins entire. Flowers exceeding leaves, to 2.5 dm or more diam.; tepals caducous or outermost persistent, 14-30, white to pink-purple or yellow; stamens 100-200. Fruits somewhat globose or ovoid; receptacle gradually or abruptly narrowed from top to base, base tapered to rounded, lateral surface striate or rugose. x = 8.[10] [more]
Prostanthera
Prostanthera commonly known as Mintbush, is a genus of plants of the family . There are about 90 species within the genus, all of which are endemic to Australia. [more]
Tristagma
Tulbaghia
At least 79 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Tulbaghia.
More info about the Genus Tulbaghia may be found here.
Bibliography
- Cronquist, A. and M. Ownbey. 1977. Allium. In: A. Cronquist et al. 1972+. Intermountain Flora. Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A. 5+ vols. New York and London. Vol. 6, pp. 508522. New York.
- Davies, D. 1992. Alliums, the Ornamental Onions. Portland.
- Denison, S. S. and D. W. McNeal Jr. 1989. A reevaluation of the Allium sanbornii (Alliaceae) complex.
- Feng Kuo-mei. 1984. Malvaceae. In: Feng Kuo-mei, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 49(2): 1-102.
- Garcia-Jacas, N., A. Susanna, V. Mozaffarian, and R. Ilarslan. 2000. The natural delimitation of Centaurea (Asteraceae: Cardueae): ITS sequence analysis of the Centaurea jacea group. Pl. Syst. Evol. 223: 185199.
- Hanelt, P. 1992. Infrageneric grouping of AlliumThe Gatersleban approach. In: P. Hanelt et al., eds. 1992. The Genus Allium: Taxonomic Problems and Genetic Resources.Gatersleben. Pp. 107123.
- Jacobsen, T. D. 1978. A Comparative Study of Three Alliances of the Genus Allium. Ph.D. thesis. Washington State University.
- Kuan Ke-chien. 1979. Nymphaeaceae subfam. Nelumboideae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 27: 35.
- Madroño 29: 7986. McNeal, D. W. Jr. 1992. A revision of the Allium fimbriatum (Alliaceae) complex. Aliso 13: 411426.
- Madroño 36: 122130. Gregory, M. et al. 1998. Nomenclator Alliorum: Allium Names and Synonyms, a World Guide. Kew.
- Mathew, B. 1996. A Review of Allium sect. Allium. Kew. McNeal, D. W. Jr. 1970. Comparative Studies of the Allium acuminatum Alliance. Ph.D. thesis. Washington State University.
- McNeal, D. W. Jr. 1982. Taxonomy of the Allium lacunosum complex (Liliaceae).
- McNeal, D. W. Jr. 1992b. A reappraisal of Allium cristatum (Alliaceae) and its allies. Madroño 39: 8389.
- Mingrone, L. V. 1968. A Comparative Study of the Allium falcifolium Alliance. Ph.D. thesis. Washington State University.
- Moore, R. J. 1972. Distribution of native and introduced knapweeds (Centaurea) in Canada and the United States. Rhodora 74: 331346.
- Mortola, W. R. and D. W. McNeal Jr. 1985. Taxonomy of the Allium tribracteatum (Alliaceae) complex. Aliso 11: 2735.
- Ownbey, M. 1947. The genus Allium in Arizona. Res. Stud. State Coll. Wash. 15: 211232.
- Ownbey, M. 1950. The genus Allium in Idaho. Res. Stud. State Coll. Wash. 18: 339.
- Ownbey, M. 1950b. The genus Allium in Texas. Res. Stud. State Coll. Wash. 18: 181222.
- Ownbey, M. 1969b. Allium. In: C. L. Hitchcock et al. 19551969. Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest. 5 vols. Seattle. Vol. 1, pp. 739760.
- Ownbey, M. and H. C. Aase. 1955. Cytotaxonomic studies in Allium. I. The Allium canadense alliance. Res. Stud. State Coll. Wash., suppl. 1: 1106.
- Peterson, P. M., C. R. Annable, and L. H. Rieseberg. 1988. Systematic relationships and nomenclatural changes in the Allium douglasii complex (Alliaceae). Syst. Bot. 13: 207214.
- Roché, B. F. and C. T. Roché. 1991. Identification, introduction, distribution, ecology, and economics of Centaurea species. In: L. F. James et al., eds. 1991. Noxious Range Weeds. Boulder, San Francisco, and Oxford. Pp. 274291.
- Wagenitz, G. 1955. Pollenmorphologie und Systematik in der Gattung Centaurea L. s.l. Flora 142: 213279.
- Yü Te-tsun, Lu Ling-ti, Ku Tsue-chih, Li Chao-luan, Kuan Ke-chien & Chiang Wan-fu. 1974, 1985, 1986. Rosaceae. In: Yü Te-tsun, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 36: 1443; 37: 1516; 38: 1133.
Footnotes
- "Ajuga". in Flora of China Vol. 17 Page 63. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Dale W. McNeal Jr. & T. D. Jacobsen "Allium". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 53, 55, 224, 225, 259, 334, 336. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- "Androsace". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 80. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- "Buddleja". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 329. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- David J. Keil, Jörg Ochsmann "Centaurea". in Flora of North America Vol. 19, 20 and 21 Page 52, 57, 58, 67, 83, 84, 96, 171, 172, 176, 177,
EFloras.org. - David C. Michener "Chamaecyparis". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- "Malva". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 265, 267. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Chen Sing-chi, Nicholas J. Turland "Milula". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 202. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- Ku Tsue-chih, Crinan Alexander "Neillia". in Flora of China Vol. 9 Page 77. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- "Nelumbo". in Flora of North America Vol. 3. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
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