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Abietoideae

(Subfamily)

Overview

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A Subfamily in the Kingdom Plantae.

Photos

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Taxonomy

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The Subfamily Abietoideae is a member of the Family Pinaceae. Here is the complete "parentage" of Abietoideae:

The Subfamily Abietoideae is further organized into finer groupings including:

Genera

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Abacaria

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Abies

Trees evergreen, crown usually spirelike to conic, sometimes flat to round topped in age. Bark initially thin, smooth, bearing resin blisters, in age furrowed and/or flaking in plates. Branches whorled, irregular internodal branches occasionally produced by epicormic sprouting (growing from a dormant bud) ; short (spur) shoots absent; leaf scars prominent, ± circular to broadly elliptic, flush with twig surface, slightly depressed, or slightly raised evenly all around. Buds ovate or oblong, resinous or not, apex rounded or pointed. Leaves borne singly, persisting 5 or more years, spirally arranged but often proximally twisted so as to appear either 1-ranked (pointing up like toothbrush bristles) or 2-ranked, sessile, typically constricted and often twisted above the somewhat broadened base, sheath absent; leaves on vegetative branches flattened, frequently grooved adaxially, usually notched to rounded at apex; leaves on fertile branches sometimes appearing 4-sided, upright, sharp-pointed to rounded at apex; resin canals 2. Cones borne on year-old twigs. Pollen cones grouped, ovate or oblong-cylindric, leaving gall-like protuberances after falling, yellow to red, green, blue, or purple. Seed cones maturing in 1 season, erect, ovoid to oblong-cylindric or cylindric, not falling whole but scale by scale, cone axis persisting as an erect "spike" on branch; scales shed individually, fan-shaped, lacking apophysis and umbo; bracts included to exserted. Seeds winged, the wing-seed juncture bearing resin sac; cotyledons 4--10. x =12.[1] [more]

Abroma

Abroma is a genus in the family of two species from Asia and Australia. [more]

Abromeitiella

Deuterocohnia (named for , German botanist and bacteriologist) is a genus of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, subfamily Pitcairnioideae. Plants once described as belonging to the genus Abromeitiella have been reevaluated and reclassified within Deuterocohnia following modern DNA analysis. [more]

Abrotanella

Abrotanella is a genus in the family , of about 20 species, native to New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand and temperate South America. [more]

Abrus

Abrus is a genus of in the pea family, Fabaceae. It contains, 13–18 species, but is best known for a single species, Jequirity (A. precatorius). The highly toxic seeds of that species are used to make jewellery. [more]

Abutilon

Herbs, subshrubs, shrubs, or small trees. Stipules usually caducous; leaf blade usually entire (lobed in A. pictum), palmately veined, base cordate, margin crenate or serrate. Flowers axillary or subterminal, solitary, paired or in small cymes, often aggregated into terminal panicles. Epicalyx absent. Calyx campanulate, lobes 5. Corolla mostly yellow or orange (red in A. roseum), often with dark center, campanulate to wheel-shaped, rarely ± tubular (A. pictum) ; petals 5, basally connate and adnate to filament tube. Anthers many, clustered at filament tube apex. Ovary (5-) 7-20-loculed; ovules 2-9 per carpel; style branches as many as carpels. Fruit a schizocarp, often blackish when mature, subglobose to hemispherical; mericarps (5-) 7-20, eventually dehiscent, apex rounded or acute, sometimes 2-awned, pericarp leathery. Seeds reniform, glabrous or slightly pubescent.[2] [more]

Acer

[more]

Actinostrobus

Actinostrobus is a genus of trees in the Cupressaceae (cypress family). Common names include cypress and cypress-pine, the latter name shared by the closely related genus Callitris. There are three species in the genus, all endemic to southwestern Western Australia: [more]

Afrocarpus

Afrocarpus is a of conifers belonging to the podocarp family Podocarpaceae. Afrocarpus was designated a genus in 1989, when several species formerly classified in Podocarpus and Nageia were reclassified. Six species are recognized. [more]

Allium

Herbs, perennial, scapose, from tunicate bulbs, with onion odor and taste. Bulbs solitary or clustered, dividing at base, or on rhizomes, reforming annually; outer coats generally brown or gray, smooth, fibrous, or with cellular reticulation (generally important in identification) ; inner coats membranous. Leaves generally withering from tip by anthesis, usually persistent, 1-12, basal; blade usually linear, terete, channeled, or flat (carinate in A. sativum, A. praecox, A. tuberosum, A. rotundum, A. neapolitanum, A. triquetrum, A. unifolium, and A. lacunosum), straight or ± falcate (coiled or circinate in A. nevadense and A. atrorubens), broader in A. victorialis and A. tricoccum, not petiolate (except in A. tricoccum and A. victorialis) . Scape usually persistent, terete or flattened. Inflorescences umbellate, flowering centripetally (centrifugally in A. schoenoprasum), sometimes replaced totally or partially by bulbils, subtended by spathe bracts; bracts conspicuous, ± fused, usually 3+-veined, equaling pedicel except in some introduced species, membranous. Flowers erect (pendent in A. triquetrum) ; tepals 6, in 2 similar whorls, ± distinct, petallike, usually becoming becoming dry and persisting; stamens 6, epipetalous; filaments in all but 1 native species broad at base, fused into ring (some introduced species and A. victorialis appendaged), linear, generally glabrous (A. rotundum and A. hoffmanii papillose to ciliate proximally) ; anthers and pollen variously colored; ovary superior, 3-lobed, sometimes crested with processes, 3-locular, usually 2 ovules per locule (6-8 in A. nigrum), crest processes 3 or 6, smooth except in A. haematochiton, A. sharsmithiae, and A. lacunosum; style 1; stigma capitate to ± 3-lobed; pedicel erect or spreading (lax in A. triquetrum) . Fruits capsular, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds black, obovoid, finely cellular-reticulate, cells smooth or minutely roughened, with 1-8 papillae, without caruncle except in A. triquetrum. x = 7, 8, 9.[3] [more]

Amorphophallus

Amorphophallus (from amorphos, "without form, misshapen" + phallos, "penis", referring to the shape of the prominent spadix) is a large genus of some 170 tropical and subtropical tuberous herbaceous plants from the Arum family (Araceae). [more]

Arctostaphylos

The genus Arctostaphylos , the manzanitas (bearberries, are shrubs or small trees characterised by smooth, orange or red bark and stiff, twisting branches. [more]

Begonia

Perennial succulent herbs, rarely subshrubs. Stem erect, frequently rhizomatous, or plants tuberous and either acaulescent or shortly stemmed, rarely lianoid or climbing with adventitious roots, or stoloniferous. Leaves simple, rarely palmately compound, alternate or all basal; blade often oblique and asymmetric, rarely symmetric, margin often irregularly serrate and divided, occasionally entire, venation usually palmate; petiole long, weak; stipules membranous, usually deciduous. Flowers unisexual, plants monoecious, rarely dioecious, (1 or) 2-4 to several, rarely numerous, in dichotomous cymes, sometimes in panicle, with pedicels and bracts. Staminate flower: tepals 2 or 4 and decussate, usually outer ones larger, inner ones smaller; stamens usually numerous; filaments free or connate at base; anthers 2-celled, apical or lateral; connectives extended at apex, sometimes apiculate. Pistillate flower: tepals 2-5(-10) ; pistil composed of 2-5(-7) carpels; ovary inferior, 1-3(-7) -loculed; placentae axile or parietal; styles 2 or 3(or more), free or fused at base, forked once or more; stigma turgid, spirally twisted-tortuous or U-shaped, capitate or reniform, setose-papillose. Capsule dry, sometimes berrylike, unequally or subequally 3-winged, rarely wingless and 3- or 4-horned; seeds very numerous, pale brown, oblong, minute, testa reticulate.[4] [more]

Cedrus

Trees evergreen, monoecious; branchlets strongly dimorphic: long branchlets growing several cm each year and bearing very slow-growing, lateral short branchlets; winter buds small, scales persistent. Leaves spirally arranged and radially spreading on long branchlets, shorter and very densely clustered on short branchlets, needlelike, triangular or ± quadrangular in cross section, stiff, stomatal lines present both adaxially and abaxially, most numerous abaxially, vascular bundles 2, almost fused, resin canals 2, small, marginal. Cones borne on apex of short branchlets, solitary, erect. Pollen cones with many spirally arranged microsporophylls; microsporangia 2; pollen not saccate. Seed cones erect, light purple at fertilization, maturing in 2nd(or 3rd) year; ovulate scales spirally arranged, sessile, with small bracts and 2 ovules adaxially. Seed scales closely arranged, large, woody, those at base and apex of cone sterile, deciduous at maturity. Bracts minute, falling together with seed scales at maturity from persistent, central axis. Seeds with large, membranous wing. Cotyledons usually 6-10. Germination epigeal. 2n = 24.[5] [more]

Centaurium

Annuals. Stems erect, obscurely 4angled. Leaves opposite. Cymes pseudodichotomous, sometimes spicate. Flowers [4 or] 5merous. Calyx lobed nearly to base. Corolla salverform, lobes shorter than tube. Stamens inserted at throat of corolla tube; filaments filiform, erect at first, helically coiled later; anthers dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary partly 2-locular. Style linear; stigma lobes orbicular. Capsules 2valved, many seeded. Seed coat alveolate.[6] [more]

Cephalorrhynchus

[more]

Cephalotaxus

Morphological characters and geographical distribution are the same as those for the family.[7] [more]

Daphne

Shrubs or subshrubs, evergreen or deciduous. Branches glabrous or pubescent. Leaves mostly alternate, sometimes opposite; petiole short. Inflorescence usually terminal, sometimes axillary, capitate or shortly racemose, sometimes paniculate, racemose, or spicate, with or without involucre; peduncle short or absent. Flowers bisexual or unisexual (plants sometimes dioecious), 4- or 5-merous. Calyx tube white, pink, or yellow, rarely mauve, campanulate, cylindric, or slightly funnel-shaped, exterior glabrous or pubescent; lobes 4 or 5, erect or spreading, alternately longer and shorter. Petaloid appendages absent. Stamens twice as many as calyx lobes, in two series; filaments short or absent; anthers oblong, included; connectives indistinct. Disk absent or annular, cup-shaped, sometimes elongated on one side. Ovary usually sessile or slightly stipitate, ovoid, 1-loculed; style terminal, short; stigma capitate. Fruit a succulent berry or dry and leathery, sometimes enclosed by persistent calyx, sometimes naked, usually red or yellow. Seed testa crustaceous, endosperm scanty or absent; cotyledons fleshy.[8] [more]

Davidia

Trees deciduous, polygamous. Leaf blade ovate, membranous, base cordate, margin serrate. Heads terminal, globose, pedunculate; bracts 2(or 3), white, 7-16 × 3-5 cm, larger one pendulous. Staminate flowers without perianth; stamens 1-7, inserted on receptacle; filaments slender, glabrous; anthers introrse, purple. Pistillate or bisexual flower 1, inserted at top of head; perianth segments small, unequal in size; ovary inferior, connected to receptacle, 6-10-loculed, ovule 1 per locule; style short, stout, 6-10-lobed; stigmas inflated. Drupe purple-green or pale brown, with yellowish dots, oblong-ovoid to ellipsoidal; mesocarp fleshy; endocarp bony, sulcate. Seeds 3-5; embryo erect, radicle terete, cotyledons oblong.[9] [more]

Galanthus

Herbs, perennial, scapose, from brown, tunicate, ovoid to globose bulbs; offset bulbs often present. Leaves 2(-3), basal, opposite, with sheathing blade, vernation flat and parallel, or convolute; nonsheathing blade erect to recurving at maturity, grayish green, linear-oblanceolate, glaucous; sheathing blade white, tubular, membranous, enclosing leaf bases and scape. Scape erect in flower, prostrate in fruit, green, solid. Inflorescences pendulous, 1-flowered, spathaceous; spathe bracteate, membranous; bracts 2, connate, split on 1 side. Flowers nodding, fragrant; perianath 2.5 cm or shorter; tepals 6, distinct, unequal; outer tepals spreading, white, narrowly obovate to almost orbicular, larger than inner; inner tepals overlapping, appearing tubular, green-spotted at apex only or apex and base, straight to semiorbicular, apex notched; stamens 6, inserted at bases of tepals, distinct; anthers basifixed, longer than filaments, bases lobed, apices tapered, dehiscense introrse, via terminal slits; ovary inferior, green, 3-locular, globose, septal nectaries present; style, white, unbranched, filiform; stigma indistinct to minutely capitate; pedicel wiry, short, slender. Fruits capsular, green, globose, fleshy, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds 18-36, light brown, 3.5 mm, oblong to obtuse, elaiosomes fleshy. x = 12.[10] [more]

Habranthus

Herbs, perennial, scapose, from bulbs. Bulbs black or brown, tunicate, ovoid or globose, sometimes with long neck. Leaves deciduous, sessile, erect or recumbent, bases overlapping, sheathing; blade linear, rarely exceeding 2 cm wide, smooth. Scape hollow. Inflorescences umbellate, 1[-4]-flowered, spathaceous; spathe proximally tubular; bracteoles sometimes present. Flowers declinate [to suberect], somewhat zygomorphic; perianth connate proximally, funnelform, shortly tubular basally, 2-8 cm; tepals subequal; filaments inserted on tepals distal to perianth tube, fasciculate [semifasciculate], declinate and recurving distally, filiform, in sets of 4 different lengths; anthers submedially dorsifixed, usually parallel with floral axis, linear-oblong; ovary inferior; style filiform; stigma 3-fid, lobes linear; pedicel rarely absent, hollow. Fruits capsular, 3-locular, thin-walled, subglobose or ± oblate. Seeds numerous, dark brown to black, flat, D-shaped, obliquely winged, lustrous. x = 6.[11] [more]

Heliconia

Plants: pseudostems erect, in groups of [1--]5--50. Leaves: petiole long [short or nearly absent], base of blade unequal on either side of midrib. Inflorescences terminal, erect [pendent], raceme of cincinni; cincinni spiral [2-ranked]; cincinnal bract ± enclosing each cincinnus, brightly colored, leaflike. Flowers each subtended by membranous floral bract. Fruits blue [rarely red or orange] at maturity. Seeds surrounded by stony, roughened endocarp (pyrenes). x = 12.[12] [more]

Hemerocallis

Herbs, perennial, scapose, clump-forming, rhizomatous, from fibrous or fleshy contractile roots often enlarged at ends; rhizomes spreading. Leaves many, basal, sessile, 2-ranked, bases sheathing; blade long-linear, keeled, apex acuminate. Inflorescences 2, in terminal helicoid cyme, or solitary. Flowers mostly diurnal and ephemeral, slightly irregular, showy; tepals 6, connate basally into short, funnelform to campanulate tube, distinct parts imbricate, spreading, inner broader than outer; stamens 6, adnate to throat of perianth tube; filaments curved upward, distinct, unequal; anthers dorsifixed, 2-locular, linear-oblong, dehiscence introrse; ovary superior, green, 3-locular, conic, septal nectaries present; style curved upwards; stigma indistinctly 3-lobed or capitate. Fruits capsular, leathery, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds rarely produced (sterile) or many. x = 11.[13] [more]

Ipomopsis

Ipomopsis is a of flowering plants in the family Polemoniaceae. These are annual and perennial herbs native to the Americas, particularly North America. [more]

Jasminum

Trees or erect or scandent shrubs, evergreen or deciduous. Branchlets terete or angular and grooved. Leaves opposite or alternate, rarely whorled, simple, 3-foliolate, or odd-pinnate; petiole usually articulated. Inflorescences basically cymose, in panicles, racemes, corymbs, umbels, or heads; bracts subulate or linear, sometimes leafy. Flowers bisexual, usually heterostylous, usually fragrant. Calyx campanulate, cupular, or funnelform, 4-16-lobed. Corolla white or yellow, rarely red or purple, salverform or funnelform; lobes 4-16, imbricate in bud, sometimes doubled in cultivation. Stamens 2, included, inserted about middle of corolla tube; filaments short; anthers dorsifixed, introrse. Ovules 1 or 2 in each locule. Style filiform; stigma capitate or 2-lobed. Fruit a berry, didymous or one half aborted. Seeds without endosperm; radicle downward.[14] [more]

Kniphofia

Kniphofia (Tritoma, Red hot poker, Torch lily, Poker plant) is a genus of plants in the family that includes 70 or more species native to Africa. Some species have been commercially used horticulturally and are commonly known for their bright, rocket-shaped flowers. [more]

Lilium

Herbs, perennial, bulbose. Bulbs whitish, rarely yellowish or purplish, often stained brown, erect and ovoid (hereafter ovoid), irregular and chunky (chunky), slanted in ground and ± elongate (subrhizomatous), or horizontally elongate (rhizomatous), sometimes branching if rhizomatous, rarely if not, 1.411.7 × 1.319 cm, 0.13 times taller than long, annual growth usually obscure; scales (modified leaves) numerous, fleshy and starchy, usually densely covering rhizomes, rarely bearing leaf blades known as basal leaves or their abscission scars, often notched or segmented, longest 0.811.9 cm; roots on each bulb either contractile and concentrically wrinkled and thick (to 5 mm), or for nutrition and thinner, fibrous. Stems erect, green, sometimes purple, rarely glaucous, to 3.1 m, ± glabrous, often with adventitious stem roots above bulb. Buds usually rounded in cross section, sometimes ± triangular. Leaves numerous, usually ± evenly distributed along stem, rarely concentrated proximally, scattered or more commonly in 112(24) whorls with some scattered at stem base and apex, 320(40) leaves per whorl, sessile, drooping at tips to ascending, 1.729 × 0.25.6 cm, 1.634 times longer than wide; blade green and somewhat lighter abaxially, rarely paler, linear, lanceolate, elliptic, or obovate, sometimes oblanceolate, especially in proximal leaves, often somewhat lanceolate in distal leaves, margins entire, undulate or not, usually glabrous and smooth or occasionally slightly papillose, sometimes roughened abaxially by ± deltoid epidermal spicules, apex acute to obtuse or rarely acuminate; principal veins usually 3, usually glabrous and smooth abaxially, sometimes with ± deltoid epidermal spicules, rarely impressed adaxially. Inflorescences maturing acropetally, terminal, racemose or umbellate (in small plants), usually open, bracteate, 125 (45) -flowered; bracts usually 12 per flower, often with one lanceolate and very wide and the other linear or filiferous. Flowers pendent, nodding, horizontal, ascending, or erect, radially or slightly bilaterally symmetric, fragrant or not; perianth campanulate, funnelform, or with sepals and petals strongly reflexed in form of a Turks-cap; sepals and petals usually differentiated, sometimes indistinctly so, recurved or reflexed, distinct, orange, red, yellow, pink, or white, usually with adaxial magenta or maroon spots concentrated in proximal 1/22/3, ± lanceolate and narrowed or rarely clawed, glabrous (pubescent strip at base in L. lancifolium), nectaries present on each but often more developed on sepals, basal, green, usually hidden but occasionally exposed and forming visible green star at adaxial base of perianth; sepals 3, occasionally ridged abaxially, 3.112 × 0.62.6 cm, apex usually acute; petals 3, ridged abaxially, with 2 adaxial longitudinal median rounded ridges, 311.2 × 0.63.4 cm, apex usually acute, often more widely than sepal apex; stamens 6, opposite sepals and petals, distinct, included to strongly exserted; filaments ± parallel to style or spreading, diverging to 31° from flower axis, color variable but usually pale green or nearly translucent; anthers versatile, color variable, usually purplish, becoming darker, oblong, 0.32.6 cm; pollen cream, yellow, peach, tan, orange, rust, or brown, usually becoming lighter; pistil compound, 3-lobed, 3-locular, oblong, 2.110.5 cm; ovary superior, 0.83.5 cm, axile placentas 6, ovules as many as seeds, a few developing without embryos; style initially parallel to flower axis, usually elongating and curving toward periphery, usually pale green, round in cross section; stigma 3-lobed, hollow in older flowers; pedicel not articulate, 0.832 cm. Fruits erect, green maturing to brown, capsular, 3-valved, not strongly winged, ± oblong-obovate, 1.57.7 × 0.83.3 cm, 1.14.8 times longer than wide, base constricted, dehiscence loculicidal. Seeds 67330, light brown with darker ovate embryo in center, 6-ranked, flattened into 60° wedge, verrucose. x = 12.[15] [more]

Oenothera

Annual, biennial or perennial herbs, caulescent or acaulescent, with a taproot or fibrous roots, occasionally with rhizomes or shoots arising from spreading lateral roots. Leaves alternate or in a basal rosette that often is absent in mature plants, entire, toothed to pinnatifid; stipules absent. Flowers perfect, actinomorphic, in axils of upper leaves, when numerous forming terminal leafy spikes, racemes, or corymbs, opening near sunset or near sunrise. Floral tube usually well developed, cylindric and somewhat flared near mouth, deciduous soon after anthesis. Sepals 4, green or yellowish, often tinged or striped red or purple. Petals 4, yellow, purple, pink, or white. Stamens 8; anthers versatile; pollen shed singly. Ovary with 4 locules; ovules numerous; stigma divided into 4 linear lobes, receptive all around, and subtended by a ± conspicuous ringlike indusium in early development, but often obscured when receptive. Fruit a dehiscent capsule [rarely indehiscent outside of China], straight or curved, terete to 4-angled or winged, sessile, occasionally pedicellate, or basal portion sterile and stipelike. Seeds numerous, in 1 or 2(or 3) rows or in clusters in each of 4 locules. 2n = 14, 28, 42, 56.[16] [more]

Picea

Trees evergreen; crown broadly conic to spirelike; leading shoot erect. Bark gray to reddish brown, thin and scaly (with thin plates), sometimes with resin blisters (especially in Picea engelmannii and P. glauca ), becoming relatively thick and furrowed with age. Branches whorled; short (spur) shoots absent; twigs roughened by persistent leaf bases. Buds ovoid, apex rounded to acute, sometimes resinous. Leaves borne singly, spreading in all directions from twigs, persisting to 10 years, mostly 4-angled and square in cross section (to triangular or ± flattened), mostly rigid, sessile on peglike base; base decurrent, persistent after leaves shed, sheath absent; apex usually sharp-pointed, sometimes bluntly acute; resin canals 1--2. Cones borne on year-old twigs. Pollen cones grouped, axillary, oblong, yellow to purple. Seed cones maturing in 1 season, usually shed at maturity (persisting for several years in Picea mariana ), borne mostly on upper branches, pendent, ovoid to cylindric, sessile or terminal on leafy branchlets and thus appearing ± stalked; scales persistent, elliptic to fan-shaped, thin, lacking apophysis and umbo; bracts included. Seeds winged; cotyledons 5--l5. x =12.[17] [more]

Pieris

A genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[18] [more]

Podocarpus

Trees or shrubs evergreen, dioecious. Leaves spirally arranged to subopposite, ± monomorphic, juvenile leaves similar to adult leaves in shape but often larger and/or wider, linear, lanceolate, or ovate-elliptic, more than 5 mm, with single, obvious, often raised midvein on 1 or both surfaces, stomatal lines present on abaxial surface. Pollen cone complexes axillary, solitary or clustered, pedunculate or sessile; microsporophylls numerous, spirally arranged; microsporangia 2; pollen 2-saccate. Seed-bearing structures usually borne in leaf axils (rarely terminal), solitary (rarely more than 1) ; apical bracts fertile; basal bracts often fused to form a receptacle (obsolete in some species) ; ovule 1 (rarely few), inverted. Epimatium wholly enveloping seed, sometimes colored and succulent. Seed ripening in 1st year, drupelike, dry, or leathery.[19] [more]

Pseudotsuga

Trees conic, evergreen. Bark initially smooth, with resin blisters; in age reddish brown, corky, furrowed. Branches often pendulous, irregularly whorled; short (spur) shoots absent; leaf scars transversely elliptic, slightly raised proximally but essentially flush with twig distally. Buds elongate, not resinous, apex acute. Leaves borne singly, persisting 6--8 years, alternate, short-stalked, flattened; resin canals 2, marginal. Cones borne on year-old twigs. Pollen cones axillary. Seed cones maturing first season, shed whole, deflexed or pendent, ellipsoid, ovoid, or cylindric, nearly sessile, lacking apophysis and umbo; scales persistent, apex rounded; bracts ± exserted, apex 3-lobed, lobes with acute apices, central lobe narrow, longer than lateral lobes. Seeds winged; cotyledons 6--12. x =12, 13.[20] [more]

Syngonanthus

Herbs, perennial [annual], often densely cespitose, rosulate [caulescent]. Roots appearing unbranched, pale, not septate, thickened, spongy. Stems simple [branched], short [to very elongate]. Leaves spreading in flat spiral in rosettes [spreading to erect in high spiral]; blade mostly slender, linear, not evidently lacunate [lacunate], base pale. Inflorescences: scape sheaths narrowly tubular, orifice diagonal, surfaces tomentose to scattered pilosulous, glandular-hairy [glabrous]; scapes 1--several per stem, slender, terete [compressed], pubescent [glabrous to variously pubescent], at least some hairs swollen basally, often glandular distally; mature heads white [dark], hemispheric to globose [turbinate, urceolate]; receptacle pale, pilose with sharp hairs; involucral bracts spreading to ascending, mostly not obscured by expanding flowers, spirally imbricate, pale [brown or black], often gradate, chaffy-papery; receptacular bracts absent [few or reduced]. Flowers with staminate and pistillate on same plants [staminate and pistillate on different plants], 3-merous [2-merous]. Staminate flowers: sepals 3, nearly distinct, plane or concave, chaffy, often with tapering, acute hairs; androphore club-shaped or funnelform; petals 3, connate at apex of androphore, narrowly campanulate, 3-lobed, lobes low-triangular [to variously elongate]; stamens 3, low in corolla tube alternating with 3 sessile glands at base of tube; filaments low in corolla tube (at disc, midway), alternating with glands; anthers 2-locular, locules divergent, [2--]4-sporangiate, dorsifixed, exserted, yellowish or white. Pistillate flowers: gynophore short; sepals distinct [connate], papery; petals connate, conniving or connate over ovary; pistil 3-carpellate; style1; style branches 3, undivided.[21] [more]

Tricyrtis

Herbs perennial, with short or sometimes long and creeping rhizomes. Stems usually erect or ascending, sometimes branched distally. Leaves cauline, alternate, subsessile, usually ± amplexicaul. Inflorescence a thyrse or thyrsoid, rarely a raceme. Flowers bisexual, solitary, showy. Perianth campanulate or trumpet-shaped. Tepals 6, free, white or yellow with purplish spots, usually recurved or reflexed distally, usually caducous; outer ones saccate or shortly spurred. Stamens 6, inserted at base of tepals; filaments slightly flattened, proximally connivent to form a short tube; anthers dorsifixed, versatile, extrorse. Ovary 3-loculed; ovules many per locule. Style columnar; stigmatic lobes 3, spreading, apically cleft. Fruit a capsule, broadly cylindric, 3-angled, septicidal. Seeds many, ovate to orbicular, flattened, small.[22] [more]

Tsuga

Trees evergreen; crown conic; leading shoot usually drooping. Bark gray to brown, scaly, often deeply furrowed. Branches horizontal, often tending to be arranged in flattened "sprays" and arched downward; short (spur) shoots absent; young twigs and distal portions of stem flexuous and pendent, roughened by peglike projections persisting after leaves fall. Buds mostly rounded at apex, not resinous. Leaves borne singly, persisting several years, ± 2-ranked or radiating in all directions, flattened to somewhat angular; abruptly narrowed to a petiolelike base, set on peglike projections, these angled, projected forward, sheath absent; apex rounded or notched; resin canals 1. Cones borne on year-old twigs. Pollen cones solitary, globose, brown. Seed cones maturing in 1 year, shedding seeds and falling soon thereafter or persisting for several years, pendent, ovoid, oblong, or oblong-cylindric, sessile or nearly so; scales persistent, shape various, thin, leathery, lacking apophysis and umbo; bracts small, included. Seeds winged; cotyledons 4--6. x =12.[23] [more]

Zantedeschia

Rhizomatous herbs. Leaves usually sagittate or hastate, sometimes spotted, long petioled. Spathe large and conspicuous, cuspidate. Spadix monoecious, with male flowers above. Perianth absent. Fruit a 1-3-loculed berry.[24] [more]

Zelkova

Trees, deciduous. Branchlets never spinose, never corky or winged. Stipules 2, free, linear-lanceolate, caducous, leaving a short transverse scar on each side of leaf base. Leaves distichous, margin serrate to crenate; venation pinnate; secondary veins extending to margin, each ending in a tooth. Flowers appearing at same time as leaves, polygamous. Male flowers: clustered in proximal leaf axil of young branchlets. Perianth campanulate, 4-6(or 7) -lobed. Stamens equal in number to perianth lobes; filaments short, erect. Female and bisexual flowers: usually solitary or rarely 2-4-clustered in distal leaf axil of young branchlets. Perianth 4-6-parted, tepals imbricate. Staminodes absent or rarely developed. Ovary sessile; ovule pendulous, slightly amphitropous. Style excentric. Drupes oblique, dorsally keeled; endocarp hard; perianth persistent; stigmas beak-shaped. Seed slightly compressed, apex concave; endosperm absent; embryo curved; cotyledons broad, apically slightly notched to 2-lobed. 2n = 28.[25] [more]

At least 50 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Zelkova.

More info about the Genus Zelkova may be found here.

Bibliography

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Footnotes

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  1. Richard S. Hunt "Abies". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  2. "Abutilon". in Flora of China Vol. 12 Page 265, 275. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  3. Dale W. McNeal Jr. & T. D. Jacobsen "Allium". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 53, 55, 224, 225, 259, 334, 336. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  4. "Begonia". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 153. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  5. "Cedrus". in Flora of China Vol. 4 Page 52. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  6. "Centaurium". in Flora of China Vol. 16 Page 4. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  7. Liguo Fu, Nan Li & Robert R. Mill "Cephalotaxus". in Flora of China Vol. 4 Page 85. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  8. Yinzheng Wang, Michael G. Gilbert, Brian F. Mathew & Christopher Brickell "Daphne". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 213, 215, 223, 230, 246. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  9. "Davidia". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 300, 301. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  10. Gerald B. Straley  & Frederick H. Utech "Galanthus". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 55, 280, 293. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  11. Raymond O. Flagg, Gerald L. Smith & Walter S. Flory "Habranthus". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 55, 281. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  12. "Heliconia". in Flora of North America Vol. 22 Page 300. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  13. Gerald B. Straley & Frederick H. Utech "Hemerocallis". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 51, 53, 57, 219. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  14. "Jasminum". in Flora of China Vol. 15 Page 307. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  15. Mark W. Skinner "Lilium". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 15, 53, 58, 172, 173, 174, 180, 188, 193, 1. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  16. Jiarui Chen, Peter C. Hoch & Warren L. Wagner "Oenothera". in Flora of China Vol. 13 Page 400, 423, 427. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  17. Ronald J. Taylor "Picea". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  18. http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Pieris&search=Search
  19. "Podocarpus". in Flora of China Vol. 4 Page 81. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  20. Barney Lipscomb "Pseudotsuga". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  21. "Syngonanthus". in Flora of North America Vol. 22. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  22. Chen Sing-chi, Hiroshi Takahashi "Tricyrtis". in Flora of China Vol. 24 Page 151. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  23. Ronald J. Taylor "Tsuga". in Flora of North America Vol. 2. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  24. "Zantedeschia". in Flora of Pakistan Page 6. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
  25. Liguo Fu, Yiqun Xin & Alan Whittemore "Zelkova". in Flora of China Vol. 5 Page 10. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.

Sources

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Last Revised: September 22, 2009
2009/09/22 14:13:36