| Your Home Page | Contact Us |

• Taxonomy
• Genera
• Bibliography
• Footnotes
• Sources
• Keep Exploring

Taxonomy

Genera

Abies

Trees evergreen, crown usually spirelike to conic, sometimes flat to round topped in age. Bark initially thin, smooth, bearing resin blisters, in age furrowed and/or flaking in plates. Branches whorled, irregular internodal branches occasionally produced by epicormic sprouting (growing from a dormant bud) ; short (spur) shoots absent; leaf scars prominent, ± circular to broadly elliptic, flush with twig surface, slightly depressed, or slightly raised evenly all around. Buds ovate or oblong, resinous or not, apex rounded or pointed. Leaves borne singly, persisting 5 or more years, spirally arranged but often proximally twisted so as to appear either 1-ranked (pointing up like toothbrush bristles) or 2-ranked, sessile, typically constricted and often twisted above the somewhat broadened base, sheath absent; leaves on vegetative branches flattened, frequently grooved adaxially, usually notched to rounded at apex; leaves on fertile branches sometimes appearing 4-sided, upright, sharp-pointed to rounded at apex; resin canals 2. Cones borne on year-old twigs. Pollen cones grouped, ovate or oblong-cylindric, leaving gall-like protuberances after falling, yellow to red, green, blue, or purple. Seed cones maturing in 1 season, erect, ovoid to oblong-cylindric or cylindric, not falling whole but scale by scale, cone axis persisting as an erect "spike" on branch; scales shed individually, fan-shaped, lacking apophysis and umbo; bracts included to exserted. Seeds winged, the wing-seed juncture bearing resin sac; cotyledons 4--10. x =12.^[1] [more]

At least 517 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Abies.

More info about the Genus Abies may be found here.

Acrobasis

At least 150 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Acrobasis.

More info about the Genus Acrobasis may be found here.

Alabama

The State of Alabama (IPA: /ˌæləˈbæmÉ™/), is located in the southern region of the United States of America. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama ranks 30th in total land area and ranks second in the size of its inland waterways. The state ranks 23rd in population with almost 4.6 million residents in 2006. [more]

More info about the Genus Alabama may be found here.

Alnus

Trees or shrubs, to 35 m; trunks usually several, branching excurrent to deliquescent. Bark of trunks and branches light gray to dark brown, thin, smooth, close; lenticels often present, pale, prominent, sometimes horizontally expanded. Wood nearly white, turning reddish upon exposure to air, moderately light and soft, texture fine. Branches, branchlets, and twigs nearly 2-ranked to diffuse; young twigs uniform or ( Alnus subg. Alnobetula ) differentiated into long and short shoots. Winter buds stipitate (nearly sessile in Alnus subg. Alnobetula ), narrowly to broadly ovoid or ellipsoid, terete, apex acute to rounded; scales 2--3, valvate, or ( Alnus subg. Alnobetula ) several, imbricate, smooth, or ( Alnus subg. Clethropsis ) sometimes none. Leaves borne on long or short shoots, 3-ranked to nearly 2-ranked. Leaf blade ovate to elliptic or obovate, thin to leathery, base variable, cuneate to rounded, margins doubly serrate, serrate, serrulate, or nearly entire, apex variable, acute to obtuse or acuminate to rounded; surfaces glabrous to tomentose, abaxially sometimes resinous-glandular. Inflorescences: staminate catkins lateral, in racemose clusters or ( Alnus subg. Clethropsis ) solitary, formed ( Alnus subg. Alnus and Clethropsis ) during previous growing season and exposed or enclosed in buds during winter, or ( Alnus subg. Clethropsis ) formed and expanding during same growing season, expanding before or with leaves; pistillate catkins proximal to staminate catkins, solitary or in relatively small racemose clusters, erect to nearly pendulous, ovoid to ellipsoid, firm; scales and flowers crowded, developing and maturing at same time as staminate catkins. Staminate flowers in catkins, 3 per scale; stamens (3--) 4(--6) ; anthers and filaments undivided. Pistillate flowers usually 2 per scale. Infructescences erect or pendulous; scales persistent long after release of fruits, with 5 lobes, greatly thickened, woody. Fruits tiny samaras, lateral wings 2, leathery or membranaceous, reduced or essentially absent in some species. x = 7.^[2] [more]

At least 259 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Alnus.

More info about the Genus Alnus may be found here.

Aphthona

Aphthona is a genus of beetle, in the leaf beetle family Chrysomelidae. More specifically, Aphthona are flea beetles, meaning they have enlarged hind legs for jumping away from potential danger. [more]

At least 113 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Aphthona.

More info about the Genus Aphthona may be found here.

Arhopalus

At least 18 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Arhopalus.

More info about the Genus Arhopalus may be found here.

Bupalus

Bupalus and Athenis, were sons of Archermus, and members of the celebrated school of sculpture in marble which flourished in Chios in the 6th century BC. They were contemporaries of the poet Hipponax, whom they were said to have caricatured. Their works consisted almost entirely of draped female figures, Artemis, Fortune, The Graces, when the Chian school has been well called a school of Madonnas. Augustus brought many of the works of Bupalus and Athenis to Rome, and placed them on the gable of the temple of Apollo Palatinus. They supposedly committed suicide out of shame when Hipponax wrote caustic satirical poetry about them for revenge. [more]

At least 46 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Bupalus.

More info about the Genus Bupalus may be found here.

Cacoecimorpha

At least 5 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Cacoecimorpha.

More info about the Genus Cacoecimorpha may be found here.

Calvia

Calvià is a municipality on the island of Mallorca, which adjoins the suburbs of Palma, the capital of the Spanish autonomous community of the Balearic Islands. [more]

At least 10 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Calvia.

More info about the Genus Calvia may be found here.

Campanula

Plants perennial or annual, erect trailing or decumbent, glabrous, pubescent, or hirsute. Leaves simple, alternate or forming rosettes at the base. Inflorescence 1-many flowered, with racemes or spikes. Flowers blue to purple or white. Sepals 5, with or without reflexed appendages between lobes; calyx tube adnate to the ovary, segments 5-lobed. Corolla campanulate, funnel-shaped or tubular. Stamens 5, free, filaments dilated at the base. Ovary 3-locular; style cylindrical; stigmas 3. Fruit a capsule, elongated to ovoid, obovoid or round, with membran¬ous walls; dehiscence by irregular pores at the bases or the sides. Seeds minute, numerous.^[3] [more]

At least 2,250 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Campanula.

More info about the Genus Campanula may be found here.

Caragana

Trees or shrubs, leaf paripinnate or digitate, rachis ending in a spine or bristle, leaflets entire; stipules subulate or spinescent. Inflorescence solitary or pedicelled, a 2-3-flowered umbel. Bract and bracteoles often subulate. Calyx obliquely placed on pedicel, teeth deltoid or elongated. Corolla yellow, or whitish red. Vexillum ovate or suborbicular. Wing obliquely oblong. Keel straight, obtuse. Stamens diadelphous, vexillary stamen free, anthers uniform. Ovary sessile, many-ovuled, style straight or slightly incurved, stigma terminal. Fruit sessile, terete, 2-valved, unilocular, many-seeded.^[4] [more]

At least 205 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Caragana.

More info about the Genus Caragana may be found here.

Caralluma

Succulent, perennial, branched herbs. Stem erect, branched, 4-angled, glabrous. Leaves small caducous. Flowers single or few or many-flowered sessile lateral cymes or many-flowered inflorescence from the top of the stem. Calyx 5-partite, lobes ovate to linear-lanceolate, Corolla purple or yellowish with purple streaks, rotate or broadly campanulate, 5-lobed, valvate in bud. Corona double, attached to the staminal column; the outer corona of 5 deeply bifid segments; the innner corona of 5 linear segments incumbent on the anthers. Staminal column short, arising from the base of the corolla; anthers without appendages. Pollen mass 1 in each anther cell, with a pellucid margin. Follicles 9-11 cm long, narrowly fusiform, smooth.^[5] [more]

At least 282 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Caralluma.

More info about the Genus Caralluma may be found here.

Cardamine

Herbs annual, biennial, or rhizomatous or tuberous perennial. Trichomes absent or simple. Stems erect or prostrate, leafy or rarely leafless and plant scapose. Basal leaves petiolate, rosulate or not, simple and entire, toothed, or 1-3-pinnatisect, or palmately lobed, sometimes trifoliolate, pinnately, palmately, or bipinnately compound. Cauline leaves alternate, (rarely opposite or whorled), simple or compound as basal leaves, petiolate or sessile and base cuneate, attenuate, auriculate, or sagittate, margin entire, dentate, or variously lobed. Racemes ebracteate or rarely bracteate throughout or only basally, corymbose or in panicles, elongated in fruit. Fruiting pedicels slender or thickened, erect, divaricate, or reflexed. Sepals ovate or oblong, base of lateral pair saccate or not, margin often membranous. Petals white, pink, purple, or violet, never yellow, rarely absent; blade obovate, spatulate, oblong, or oblanceolate, apex obtuse or emarginate; claw absent or strongly differentiated from blade, longer or shorter than sepals. Stamens 6 and tetradynamous, rarely 4 and equal in length; anthers ovate, oblong, or linear, obtuse at apex. Nectar glands confluent and subtending bases of all stamens; median glands 2 or rarely 4 or absent; lateral glands annular or semiannular. Ovules 4-50 per ovary. Fruit dehiscent siliques, linear or rarely narrowly oblong or narrowly lanceolate, latiseptate, sessile; valves papery, not veined, glabrous (or very rarely hairy), smooth or torulose, dehiscing elastically acropetally, spirally or circinately coiled; replum strongly flattened; septum complete, membranous, translucent; style distinct or rarely obsolete; stigma capitate, entire. Seeds uniseriate, wingless, rarely margined or winged, oblong or ovate, flattened; seed coat smooth, minutely reticulate, colliculate, or rugose; mucilaginous or not when wetted; cotyledons accumbent or very rarely incumbent.^[6] [more]

At least 1,024 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Cardamine.

More info about the Genus Cardamine may be found here.

Cardaria

Herbs perennial, rhizomatous. Trichomes simple. Stems erect or rarely decumbent, branched above. Basal leaves petiolate, rosulate or not, lyrate, sinuate, dentate, or entire. Cauline leaves sessile, auriculate, sagittate, or amplexicaul at base, margin entire or dentate. Racemes ebracteate, corymbose, grouped in panicles, elongated slightly in fruit. Fruiting pedicels slender, divaricate. Sepals ovate or oblong, deciduous, erect or spreading, base of lateral pair not saccate, margin membranous. Petals white; blade obovate or spatulate, apex obtuse; claw subequaling sepals. Stamens 6, tetradynamous; anthers ovate or oblong, obtuse at apex. Nectar glands confluent and subtending bases of all stamens; median glands present. Ovules 2 per ovary; subapical. Fruit indehiscent silicles, ovoid, obovoid, cordate, obcordate, reniform, or globose, terete or strongly angustiseptate, inflated or not, often sessile; distinctly or obscurely veined, sometimes reticulate, glabrous or pubescent, keeled or not, wingless; replum rounded; septum complete or fenestrate, membranous, translucent, veinless; style distinct, cylindric, exserted from apical notch of fruit; stigma capitate, entire. Seeds wingless, ovoid or ellipsoid, plump; seed coat minutely reticulate, mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons incumbent.^[7] [more]

At least 17 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Cardaria.

More info about the Genus Cardaria may be found here.

Carposina

At least 153 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Carposina.

More info about the Genus Carposina may be found here.

Chilo

At least 119 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Chilo.

More info about the Genus Chilo may be found here.

Chilocorus

At least 31 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Chilocorus.

More info about the Genus Chilocorus may be found here.

Chionaspis

At least 87 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Chionaspis.

More info about the Genus Chionaspis may be found here.

Chrysopogon

At least 160 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Chrysopogon.

More info about the Genus Chrysopogon may be found here.

Coccinella

Coccinella is the most familiar genus of ladybird (or, in North America, ladybug). The elytra of most species are of a red or orange color, punctuated with black spots or bands. The genus occurs throughout the Northern Hemisphere, but has only 11 species native to North America, with far more in Eurasia. [more]

At least 61 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Coccinella.

More info about the Genus Coccinella may be found here.

Colocasia

Herbs, wetland [or terrestrial]. Stolons with nodes produced at or near surface; corms underground [aboveground], tuberous. Leaves appearing before flowers, several, clustered apically, erect; petiole usually longer than blade; blade green to dark green or glaucous blue-green adaxially, simple, peltate, ovate- or sagittate-cordate, basal lobes rounded, apex mucronate; primary lateral veins parallel, secondary lateral veins netted. Inflorescences: peduncle erect, shorter than leaves, apex not swollen; spathe tube green; spathe blade orange, opening basally and reflexing apically at anthesis to expose spadix; spadix slender, tapering, usually terminated by sterile appendage. Flowers unisexual, staminate and pistillate on same plant; pistillate flowers covering base of spadix, staminate flowers apical, sterile flowers between pistillate and staminate flowers; perianth absent. Fruits greenish to whitish or red. Seeds 0--5(--35), mucilage probably present. x = 7.^[8] [more]

At least 102 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Colocasia.

More info about the Genus Colocasia may be found here.

Conoderus

At least 141 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Conoderus.

More info about the Genus Conoderus may be found here.

Conotrachelus

At least 466 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Conotrachelus.

More info about the Genus Conotrachelus may be found here.

Contarinia

At least 315 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Contarinia.

More info about the Genus Contarinia may be found here.

Cornus

Shrubs, trees, or herblike shrubs, precocious, coetaneous, or serotinous. Young shoots pubescent, rarely glabrous; trichomes curly or straight, raised or appressed. Stem sympodial, rarely monopodial. Winter buds terminal or axillary, mixed or separate, covered or exposed. Petiole slightly furrowed adaxially; leaf blade narrowly elliptic, elliptic, oblong, or ovate, glabrous to densely pubescent, lateral veins actinodromous, often raised abaxially. Inflorescence formed in previous or current year; bracts covering inflorescence or not. Sepals 4, fused; teeth absent, minute, or variously triangular. Petals 4, free, spreading, oblong to orbicular, valvate. Filaments filiform or awn-shaped, longer than style, longer or shorter than petals; anthers whitish or yellow, rarely blue, red, or purplish, ellipsoid to narrowly ellipsoid or oblong, 2-loculed. Ovary obovoid, crowned by a disk. Fruit globose, ovoid, oblong, or ellipsoid, crowned by persistent calyx, disk, and style; stones globose, ovoid, ellipsoid, oblong, sometimes asymmetric, surface smooth or ribbed, apex rarely pitted.^[9] [more]

At least 848 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Cornus.

More info about the Genus Cornus may be found here.

Correa

At least 167 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Correa.

More info about the Genus Correa may be found here.

Curculio

Curculio is a genus of weevils belonging the family Curculionidae and subfamily Curculioninae, including the species Curculio elephas and about 30 others. [more]

At least 1,922 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Curculio.

More info about the Genus Curculio may be found here.

Cutandia

At least 13 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Cutandia.

More info about the Genus Cutandia may be found here.

Cydia

The tortrix moth genus Cydia includes many species of economic importance due to the damage they inflict on agricultural crops, especially fruit and nut trees. Some Cydia species are an important food source for other animals, and some have been used as agents of biological control. Cydia species are generally small dull brown moths with yellow or white wormlike larvae. Several current Cydia species were formerly classified in genus Grapholita. The two genera may eventually be merged together. [more]

At least 314 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Cydia.

More info about the Genus Cydia may be found here.

Cyperus

Herbs, perennial or less often annual, cespitose or not, rhizomatous, stoloniferous, rarely tuberous. Culms solitary or not, trigonous or round, glabrous or scabridulous with extrorse or antrorse (rarely retrorse) prickles. Leaves usually basal; ligules absent;