Cypripedium
(Genus)Herbs, perennial. Roots closely to widely spaced along rhizome, slender, fleshy; rhizomes short to elongate. Stems leafy or scapose. Leaves alternate, in single radical pair, or subopposite near midpoint of stem, ascendingto spreading, plicate, bases sheathing stem. Inflorescences terminal, solitary; flowers solitary or 2-several in lax racemose spike; bracts large, foliaceous. Flowers resupinate, showy; sepals distinct or lateral sepals usually connate proximal to lip forming synsepal; petals entire; lip inflated, slipper- or sac-shaped, with adaxial orifice; pollinaria absent; loose granular pollen in 2 lateral anthers, dorsal anther a large subapical staminode; stigma free, 2-3-lobed. Fruits capsules, ellipsoid to oblong-ellipsoid.
Species ca. 45: primarily temperate Eurasia and North America, ranging from arctic to subtropics in East Asia and Cordilleran North America and Central America.[1]
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Taxonomy
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- Domain: Eukaryota
Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Plantae
Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
- Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae
Cavalier-Smith, 1981 - Green Plants
- Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Cronquist, Takhtajan & W. Zimmermann, 1966 - Flowering Plants
- Subphylum: Spermatophytina
(auct.) Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Seed Plants
- Infraphylum: Angiospermae
auct.
- Class: Liliopsida
Scopoli, 1760 - Monocotyledons
- Subclass: Liliidae
Takhtajan, 1967
- Superorder: Lilianae
Takhtajan, 1967
- Order: Orchidales
Dumortier, 1829
- Family: Orchidaceae
Adans., 1763, nom. cons. - Orchid Family
- Subfamily: Rhinanthoideae
- Tribe: Veroniceae
- Genus: Cypripedium (sip-rih-PEE-dee-um) Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 951. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 408. 1754. - Lady's-slipper, moccasin-flower [Greek Kypris, Aphrodite, and Latin pes, foot, perhaps an orthographic error for Greek pedilon, slipper]
- Tribe: Veroniceae
- Subfamily: Rhinanthoideae
- Family: Orchidaceae
Adans., 1763, nom. cons. - Orchid Family
- Order: Orchidales
Dumortier, 1829
- Superorder: Lilianae
Takhtajan, 1967
- Subclass: Liliidae
Takhtajan, 1967
- Class: Liliopsida
Scopoli, 1760 - Monocotyledons
- Infraphylum: Angiospermae
auct.
- Subphylum: Spermatophytina
(auct.) Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - Seed Plants
- Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Cronquist, Takhtajan & W. Zimmermann, 1966 - Flowering Plants
- Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae
Cavalier-Smith, 1981 - Green Plants
- Kingdom: Plantae
Haeckel, 1866 - Plants
The Genus Cypripedium is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 373 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in the Genus Cypripedium: C. guttatum yatabeanum · C. acaule (Lady's-Slipper Orchid) · C. acaule 'Liliopsida' · C. acaule f. albiflora · C. acaule f. albiflorum (Moccasin Flower) · C. acaule f. biflorum · C. acaule f. lancifolia · C. acaule × pubescens · C. acuale · C. agnicapitatum · C. ainsworthii · C. Aki · C. Aki g. 'Light' · C. albanense · C. albo-purpureum · C. album · C. amesianum · C. andrewsii (Andrew's Lady's Slipper) · C. anesianum · C. appletonianum · C. argus · C. arietinum (Ram's Head Lady's Slipper) · C. arietinum f. albiflorum · C. arietinum f. biflorum · C. ashburtoniae · C. assamicum · C. atsmori · C. barbatum · C. barbatum superbum · C. barbeyi · C. bardolphianum · C. bardolphianum var. zhongdianense · C. bellatulum · C. beyrodtianum · C. bifidum · C. binoti · C. boccardianum · C. boissierianum · C. boreale · C. boxallii · C. bulbosum · C. bulbosum var. flavescens · C. bulbosum var. parviflorum · C. bulbosum var. pubescens · C. bullenianum · C. burbidgei · C. calceolus (Fraueschub) · C. calceolus f. rupestre · C. calceolus parviflorum · C. calcicola · C. calcicolum · C. californicum (California Lady's Slipper) · C. californicum × reginae · C. callosum · C. callosum var. sublaeve · C. cambridgeanum · C. canadense · C. candidum (Small White Lady's-Slipper) · C. candidum × macranthos · C. cannartianum · C. cardinale · C. cardiophyllum · C. caricinum · C. cathayenum · C. caudatum · C. caudatum var. roseum · C. caudatum var. wallisii · C. chamberlainianum · C. chantini · C. charlesworthii · C. cheniae · C. chica · C. chinense · C. ciliolare · C. compactum · C. concolor · C. concolor var. longipetalum · C. cordigerum · C. cordigerum × reginae · C. corrugatum · C. cothurnum · C. crawshawae · C. crossii · C. cruciatum · C. cruciforme · C. curtisii · C. czerwiakowianum · C. daliense · C. dariense · C. daultonii · C. daweishanense · C. dayanum · C. debile · C. delenatii · C. dickinsonianum · C. dilectum · C. dominianum · C. drurii · C. ebracteatum · C. elatum · C. elegans · C. elliottianum · C. Emil · C. epidendricum · C. exul · C. fairieanum · C. fargesii · C. farreri · C. fascicualtum · C. fasciculatum (Brownie Lady's-Slipper) · C. fasciculatum var. pusillum · C. fasciolatum · C. favillianum (Lady's Slipper) · C. ferrugineum · C. flavescens · C. flavum · C. flavum red unspotted · C. flavum var. speciosum · C. flavum white-flowered · C. flavum × henryi · C. flavum yellow spotted · C. formosanum (Ladys Slipper) · C. formosanum dwarf · C. formosanum × pubescens · C. forrestii · C. fragesii · C. franchetii · C. froschii · C. gardineri · C. Gisela · C. Gisela 'Yellow' · C. Gisela g. 'Pastel' · C. glanduliferum · C. glaucophyllum · C. godefroyae · C. godefroyae var. leucochilum · C. goringii · C. grande · C. gratrixianum · C. guttatum (Lady Slipper Orchid) · C. guttatum f. albiflorum · C. guttatum f. punicum · C. guttatum var. guttatum (Spotted Lady's Slipper) · C. guttatum var. segawai · C. guttatum var. wardii · C. guttatum var. yatabeanum (Spotted Lady's Slipper) · C. Hank Small · C. hartwegii · C. haynaldianum · C. haywoodianum · C. henryi (Henrys Cypripedium) · C. himalaicum · C. hincksianum · C. hirsutissimum · C. hirsutum · C. hirsutum f. album · C. hirsutum var. parviflorum · C. hirutum · C. hirutum f. album · C. hirutum var. parviflorum · C. hispidula · C. hookerae · C. humboldtii · C. humile · C. insigne · C. irapeanum (Flor De Pelicano) · C. isabelianum · C. japonicum · C. japonicum var. formosanum · C. japonicum var. glabrum · C. javanicum · C. juno · C. Karl Heinz · C. kentuckiense (Kentucky Lady's Slipper) · C. kentuckiense f. pricei · C. kentuckiense f. summersii · C. kentuckiense × reginae · C. kesselringi · C. kimballianum · C. klotzscheanum · C. knightae · C. laevigatum · C. landonii (Landon's Cypripedium) · C. lang-rhoa · C. lanuginosum · C. lawrenceanum · C. lentiginosum · C. lexarzae · C. lichiangense · C. lichiangense var. daweishanense · C. lindeni · C. lindenii · C. lindleyanum · C. lineari-subulatum · C. longifolium · C. lowei · C. ludlowii · C. luteum · C. luteum var. angustifolium · C. luteum var. biflorum · C. luteum var. concolor · C. luteum var. glabrum · C. luteum var. grandiflorum · C. luteum var. maculatum · C. luteum var. parviflorum · C. luteum var. pubescens · C. luzmarianum · C. macranthon · C. macranthon nothof. alboroseum · C. macranthon nothof. albostriatum · C. macranthon nothof. flavoroseum · C. macranthon var. atropurpureum · C. macranthos (Lady Slipper Orchid) · C. macranthos 'Hotei' · C. macranthos 'Kamanashi' · C. macranthos dark pink · C. macranthos f. albiflorum · C. macranthos green-flowered · C. macranthos light pink · C. macranthos var. hotei-atsumorianum · C. macranthos var. rebunense · C. macranthos var. speciosum · C. macranthum · C. makasin · C. malipoense · C. manchuricum · C. mandshuricum · C. margaritaceum · C. Maria · C. mastersianum · C. maulei · C. memoria-fournieri · C. micranthum · C. microchilum · C. microsaccos · C. miteauanum · C. moensianum · C. molle · C. montanum (Large Lady's-Slipper) · C. montanum f. praetertinctum · C. montanum f. welchii · C. montanus · C. morinanthum · C. neo-guineense · C. neoparviflorum · C. nigritum · C. niveum · C. nutans · C. occidentale · C. orientale · C. palangshanense · C. palengshanense · C. palmifolium · C. papuanum · C. pardeti · C. pardinum · C. parishii · C. parviflorum (American Yellow Lady's-Slipper) · C. parviflorum 'Butterball' · C. parviflorum f. albolabium · C. parviflorum var. makasin · C. parviflorum var. parviflorum · C. parviflorum var. planipetalum (Newfoundland Ladys-Slipper) · C. parviflorum var. pubescens · C. parviflorum var. pubescens Aitkin form · C. parviflorum var. pubescens dwarf · C. parvulum · C. passerinum (Franklyn's Lady's-Slipper) · C. passerinum f. minganense · C. paulistanum · C. pearcei · C. pereirae · C. peruzzisnum · C. petri · C. philippinense · C. pitcherianum · C. platytaenium · C. plectrochilum · C. porphyrospilum · C. praestans · C. pubescens (Golden Slipper Orchid) · C. pubescens var. makasin (Greater Yellow Lady's Slipper) · C. pubescens var. pubescens (Flat-Petal Lady's-Slipper) · C. pulchrum · C. purpurato-curtisii · C. purpuratum · C. pusillum · C. rebunense · C. reginae (Large White Lady's-Slipper) · C. reginae f. albolabium (Showy Ladys Slipper Orchid) · C. reginae f. album · C. reginae var. album · C. reginae var. segawae · C. reginae × tibeticum · C. reichenbachianum · C. reichenbachii · C. reticulatum · C. robinsonianum · C. robinsonii · C. roebelenii · C. roezlii · C. roseum · C. rothschildianum · C. rubronerve · C. sallierii · C. sanderianum · C. sargentianum · C. schlimi · C. schlimii · C. schmidtianum · C. schomburgkianum · C. sedeni · C. segawae · C. segawai · C. shanxiense · C. shouxiense · C. siamense · C. sichuanense · C. sinapoides · C. sinicum · C. smithii · C. socco · C. speciosum · C. spectabile · C. spectabile var. album · C. spicerianum · C. splendidum · C. stenophyllum · C. stonei · C. subtropicum · C. superbiens · C. taibaiense · C. thunbergii · C. tibeticum · C. tibeticum himalaicum · C. tonkinense · C. tonsum · C. turgidum · C. vanhoutteanum · C. variegatum · C. veganum · C. veitchianum · C. ventricosum · C. ventricosum f. bicolor · C. venustum · C. vernayi · C. victoria-mariae · C. victoria-regina · C. villosum · C. virens · C. vittatum · C. vittatum var. breve · C. volonteanum · C. wallisii · C. wardianum · C. wardii · C. warnerianum · C. warsczewiczianum · C. wendlandi · C. wilsonii · C. wolterianum · C. wumengense · C. × barbeyi · C. × colombianum · C. x columbianum · C. x favillianum · C. × froschii · C. x gigas · C. x landonii · C. × ventricosum (Ladys Slipper Orchid) · C. x_alaskanum · C. yatabeanum · C. yunnanense
Bibliography
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- Cribb, P. J. 1997. The Genus Cypripedium. Portland.
- Sheviak, C. J. 1992. Natural hybridization between Cypripedium montanum and its yellow-lipped relatives. Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 61: 546-559.
Footnotes
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- Charles J. Sheviak "Cypripedium". in Flora of North America Vol. 26 Page 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 499. Oxford University Press. Online at EFloras.org.
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Last Revised: May 01, 2008
