• Overview
• Photos
• Taxonomy
• Genera
• Bibliography
• Footnotes
• Sources

Overview

A Subfamily in the Kingdom Fungi.

Photos

Taxonomy

The Subfamily Tabaninae is further organized into finer groupings including:

• Tribe (10): Archipini · Buprestini · Diapensieae · Gordonieae · Jussiaeeae · Laspeyresiini · Narcisseae · Oleeae · Phoradendreae · Pontederieae
• Genus (48): Alternaria · Arceuthobium · Casuarina · Centrosema · Chlorotabanus · Corallorrhiza · Crocodylus · Cupaniopsis · Dioscorea · Diospyros · Eriococcus · Erwinia · Ficus · Gordonia · Hieracium · Hybomitra · Hylastes · Juncus · Leptoglossus · Leucothoe · Levisticum · Ludwigia · Lyonia · Malacosoma · Mazus · Melaleuca · Metasequoia · Morella · Osmanthus · Packera · Paederia · Parthenocissus · Paxistima · Peronospora · Pityokteines · Platycotis · Platytheca · Playnota · Polystichum · Pontederia · Psidium · Scaevola · Tabanus · Tectaria · Tetrazygia · Toumeyella · Toxicodendron · Vallisneria
• Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 2 species and subspecies in the Subfamily Tabaninae.

Genera

Alternaria

Alternaria is a genus of fungi. Alternaria species are known as major plant pathogens. They are also common allergens in humans, growing indoors and causing hay fever or hypersensitivity reactions that sometimes lead to asthma. They readily cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised people such as AIDS patients. [more]

Arceuthobium

[more]

Casuarina

Young persistent branchlets distinguished from deciduous branchlets by shorter segments and differences in shape or size of leaves; furrows deep and closed, concealing stomates. Infructescences pedunculate, pubescent at least when immature; bracts thin in exposed portion, not vertically expanded; bracteoles ± protruding from surface of infructescence, never greatly thickened, always lacking dorsal protuberance. Samaras pale yellow-brown or grayish, dull, glabrous. x = 9.^[93] [more]

Centrosema

Centrosema, the butterfly peas, are a genus of tropical American in the legume family (Fabaceae). Species include: [more]

Chlorotabanus

[more]

Corallorrhiza

Corallorhiza, the coralroot orchids, is a genus of flowers in the family. Species are leafless, relying entirely upon symbiotic fungi within their coral-shaped roots for sustenance. [more]

Crocodylus

Crocodylus is one of three genera from the subfamily extending from the Crocodylidae family. Within this genus, there are twelve species: [more]

Cupaniopsis

Trees or shrubs, Leaves exstipulate, alternate, compound; leaflets alternate to opposite, entire. Flowers regular or irregular, in axillary and sub-terminal panicles. Sepals 4-5, free or connate at the base, imbricate, in 2 rows. Petals 4-5 or absent, with or without scales. Disc annular, fleshy, glabrous. Stamens 6-10, sometimes less, free, usually exserted. Ovary ovoid or obovoid, 2-4 locular; ovules solitary. Fruit capsular, 2-4-lobed, lobes connate or free, sometimes compressed. Seeds sub-globose to oblong, arillate.^[94] [more]

Dioscorea

Herbs twining. Rootstock rhizomatous or tuberous, variable in color, shape, chemical constituents, and depth in ground. Bulblets axillary or absent. Leaves alternate or opposite, petiolate, simple or palmately compound, basal veins 3--9. Flowers unisexual (plants dioecious, rarely monoecious), arranged spirally in axillary, usually elongate spikes or racemes, or in small cymules in ± spikelike thyrses, these often several together, sometimes gathered into a terminal or axillary panicle by reduction of subtending leaves. Male flowers: stamens 6, 3 sometimes reduced to staminodes or absent. Female spikes 3.5--10 cm, few flowered. Female flowers: staminodes 3, 6, or absent. Capsule 3-winged, dehiscent apically at maturity. Seeds with a membranous wing.^[95] [more]

Diospyros

Trees or shrubs, deciduous or evergreen. Terminal buds absent. Branchlet tips sometimes forming a spine. Leaves alternate, occasionally minutely translucent dotted or with gland pits. Flowers dioecious or polygamous. Male flowers in axillary cymes, usually on basal part of current year's branchlets, deciduous soon after anthesis; stamens 4 to numerous, often paired and forming 2 whorls; ovary rudimentary. Female flowers usually solitary, axillary; staminodes 1--16 or absent; stigma often 2-cleft. Calyx usually 3--5(--7) -lobed, sometimes truncate. Corolla urn-shaped, campanulate, or tubular, 3--5(--7) -lobed, deciduous. Berries fleshy to somewhat leathery, usually with an enlarged persistent calyx. Seeds 1--10(or more), often laterally compressed.^[96] [more]

Eriococcus

Phyllanthus is the largest in the family Phyllanthaceae. Phyllanthus has a remarkable diversity of growth forms including annual and perennial herbaceous, arborescent, climbing, floating aquatic, pachycaulous, and phyllocladous. It has a wide variety of floral morphologies and chromosome number and has one of the widest varieties of pollen types of any plant genus. [more]

Erwinia

Erwinia is a genus of bacteria containing mostly plant pathogenic species which was named for the first phytobacteriologist, Erwin Smith. It is a gram negative bacterium related to E.coli, Shigella, Salmonella and Yersinia. It is primarily a rod-shaped bacteria. A well-known member of this genus is the species E. amylovora, which causes fireblight on apple, pear, and other Rosaceous crops. Erwinia carotovora is another species, which causes diseases in many plants. These species produce enzymes that hydrolyze pectin between individual plant cells. This causes the cells to separate, a disease plant pathologists term plant rot. [more]

Ficus

Trees, shrubs, or woody vines, evergreen or deciduous, commonly epiphytic or scandent as seedlings; sap milky. Terminal buds surrounded by pair of stipules. Leaves alternate, monomorphic (dimorphic in F . pumila ) ; stipules caducous, fused, enclosing naked buds. Leaf blade: margins entire (lobed in F . carica ), rarely dentate; venation pinnate or nearly palmate. Inflorescences small, borne on inner walls of fruitlike and fleshy receptacle (syconium) . Flowers: staminate and pistillate on same plant. Staminate flowers sessile or pedicellate; calyx of 2-6 sepals; stamens 1-2, straight. Pistillate flowers sessile; ovary 1-locular; style unbranched, lateral. Syconia globose to pyriform; achenes completely embedded in enlarged, fleshy, common receptacle and accessible by apical opening (ostiole) closed by small scales. x = 13.^[97] [more]

Gordonia

Gordonia is a of flowering plants in the family Theaceae, related to Franklinia, Camellia and Stewartia. Of the roughly 40 species, all but two are native to southeast Asia in southern China, Taiwan and Indochina. The remaining species, G. lasianthus (Loblolly-bay), is native to southeast North America, from Virginia south to Florida and west to Louisiana; G. fruticosa is native to the tropical rainforests of Central and South America, from Costa Rica to Brazil. [more]

Hieracium

Perennials, (5 ) 20 150+ cm; taprooted (rootstocks sometimes woody, branched; stolons produced in some taxa) . Stems usually 1, usually erect, usually branched distally, sometimes throughout, sometimes scapiform, glabrous or hairy (induments often complex, see discussion) . Leaves basal, basal and cauline, or cauline; petiolate or sessile; blades mostly elliptic, lanceolate, oblanceolate, oblong, or spatulate, margins entire, denticulate, or dentate [laciniate to pinnatifid] (faces glabrous or hairy, induments often complex, see discussion) . Heads borne singly or in corymbiform, paniculiform, thyrsiform, umbelliform, or nearly racemiform arrays. Peduncles (terminal and axillary) not inflated, often bracteate. Calyculi 0 or of 3 13( 16+), deltate to lanceolate or linear bractlets (in 1 2+ series; sometimes intergrading with phyllaries) . Involucres hemispheric or campanulate to cylindric, 3 9[ 12+] mm diam. Phyllaries 5 21( 40+) in 2+ series, lanceolate to linear, subequal to unequal (reflexed in fruit), margins usually little, if at all, scarious, apices obtuse to acute or acuminate. Receptacles flat, pitted, glabrous, epaleate. Florets 6 150+; corollas usually yellow, sometimes white or ochroleucous, sometimes tinged with cyan or red, rarely orange (then often drying scarlet or purplish) . Cypselae usually red-brown or black (tan in H. horridum), usually ± columnar or prismatic, sometimes ± urceolate (slightly bulbous proximally and narrower distally) or nearly fusiform, not distinctly beaked, ribs (or grooves) usually 10, faces glabrous; pappi persistent (fragile), of 20 80+, distinct, white, sordid, stramineous, or rufous, ± equal or unequal, barbellulate bristles in 1 2+ series. x = 9.^[98] [more]

Hybomitra

[more]

Hylastes

[more]

Juncus

Herbs, perennial or rarely annual, rhizomatous or cespitose. Culms round or flattened in cross section. Cataphylls often present at culm base. Leaves: sheaths open; blade flat, channeled, ensiform or terete, sometimes septate, margins involute. Inflorescences terminal or pseudoaxillary, monochasia or dichasia, usually with monochasial branches, cymes or 1--many heads in racemes or panicles; bracteoles 2 or absent. Flowers: tepals (4--) 6 in 2 whorls; stamens (2--) 3--6. Capsules 1-locular or 3-locular, septicidal. Seeds many, ellipsoid to ovoid, sometimes tailed.^[99] [more]

Leptoglossus

[more]

Leucothoe

Shrubs evergreen. Leaves petiolate, serrulate or subentire. Inflorescences axillary, racemose, glabrous. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx lobes short. Corolla white, suburceolate to tubular; lobes recurved, short. Stamens much shorter than corolla tube; filaments straight, flattened; anthers oblong, thecae separate above, each opening by a terminal pore and with a slender awn. Ovary superior, glabrous, with many ovules per locule. Stigma capitate, 5-lobed. Capsule loculicidal, depressed globose. Seeds flattened, angled; testa smooth, shiny, reticulate.^[100] [more]

Levisticum

Herbs perennial, stout. Leaves 23-pinnate. Umbels compound, terminal and lateral; bracts and bracteoles several. Calyx teeth obsolete. Petals yellowish green to yellow, elliptic, apex incurved. Fruit ellipsoid, slightly flattened dorsally; dorsal ribs obtusely prominent, lateral ribs narrowly thick-winged; vittae 1 in each furrow, 2 on commissure. Seed face plane. Carpophore 2-cleft to base.^[101] [more]

Ludwigia

Herbs slender, erect to prostrate and rooting at nodes, or shrubs or rarely small trees; underwater parts often swollen and spongy or with inflated white spongy pneumatophores. Leaves alternate [or opposite], usually entire; stipules present, reduced and/or deciduous; bracteoles 2, at or near base of ovary, or absent. Flowers perfect, actinomorphic, in upper leaf axils or in spikes, racemes, or clusters; floral tube not prolonged beyond ovary. Sepals (3 or) 4 or 5(-7), green, persistent after anthesis. Petals as many as sepals or absent, yellow or white, caducous. Stamens as many as or 2 × as many as sepals; anthers versatile or sometimes basifixed; pollen shed singly or in tetrads or polyads. Ovary with as many locules as sepals, rarely more, apex flat or conic, often with a depressed nectary surrounding base of each epipetalous stamen; stigma capitate or hemispheric, entire or lobed, upper 1/2-2/3 receptive. Fruit an obovoid to cylindric capsule, dehiscent irregularly or by a terminal pore or by flaps separating from valvelike apex. Seeds numerous, in one to several rows per locule, free or embedded in powdery or woody endocarp, raphe small or conspicuous, sometimes equal in size to body of seed. 2n = 16, 32, 48, 64, 80, 96, 128.^[102] [more]

Lyonia

Shrubs or trees, deciduous or evergreen, often from underground woody burl or producing thickened horizontal underground rhizomes. Buds flattened, conical or ovoid, usually with 2 large imbricate glabrous scales. Leaves spirally arranged, petiolate; leaf blade entire [toothed in United States]. Inflorescences axillary, racemose. Flowers [4- or]5[ 8]-merous. Calyx with variously estivated lobes, usually valvate in bud. Corolla white [to red], tubular or urceolate; lobes short. Filaments flattened, geniculate, with or without 1 pair of spurs at anther-filament junction; anthers dehiscing by introrse-terminal elliptic pores. Ovary superior, with many ovules per locule; stigma truncate. Capsule loculicidal, with pale ± thickened sutures sometimes separating from valves in dehiscence. Seeds oblong-ovoid or spindle-shaped to shortly linear, minute, ends often truncated.^[103] [more]

Malacosoma

Tent caterpillars are moderately sized species in the genus Malacosoma in the family Lasiocampidae. Species occur in North America, Mexico, and Eurasia. Twenty-six species have been described, six of which occur in North America. Some species are considered to have subspecies as well. Although most people consider tent caterpillars only as pests due to their habit of defoliating trees, they are among the most social of all caterpillars and exhibit many noteworthy behaviors. [more]

Mazus

Herbs, relatively small. Stems terete or rarely quadrangular (Mazus lanceifolius), erect or procumbent and rooting from lower nodes. Leaves in a rosette or opposite, often upper leaves alternate; petiole winged. Racemes secund; bracts small. Bracteoles present or absent. Flowers small. Calyx funnelform or campanulate, 5-lobed. Corolla 2-lipped, palate with 2 longitudinal plaits; lower lip 3-lobed; upper lip 2-lobed. Stamens 4, didynamous, inserted on corolla tube; anther locules divergent, apically connivent. Ovary hairy or glabrous. Style glabrous; stigma 2-lamellate. Capsule compressed, included in cupular persistent calyx, loculicidal. Seeds small, numerous.^[104] [more]

Melaleuca

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate or opposite-decussate, petiolate or sessile; leaf blade leathery, secondary veins basal and parallel to leaf axis or pinnate. Flowers bisexual or female sterile, arranged in spikes or heads and pseudoterminal or lateral. Hypanthium subglobose or campanulate. Sepals 5, caducous or persistent. Petals 5. Stamens numerous, greenish white; filaments basally connate into 5 bundles opposite petals; anthers dorsifixed, cells parallel, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary slightly adnate to hypanthium, 3-loculed, apex prominent; ovules numerous. Style linear; stigma enlarged. Capsule semiglobose to globose, apically dehiscing. Seeds obovoid-oblong to obovoid; testa thin; embryo straight.^[105] [more]

Metasequoia

Trees deciduous, monoecious; main branches irregularly whorled; branchlets of several kinds: persistent or deciduous, opposite or subopposite, developing from paired, superimposed axillary buds, 1 of which remains dormant as a winter bud; winter buds ovoid or ellipsoid, with 6-8 pairs of decussate, ovate, membranous, scales; branchlets each subtended by ca. 4 whorls of early deciduous, salmon-colored basal scales. Leaves deciduous together with lateral branchlet as a unit, decussate, 2-ranked, spirally arranged on leading branchlets, ± sessile; blade linear, flattened, soft, midvein depressed adaxially, raised abaxially, stomatal bands 4-8, on abaxial surface only, or on both surfaces on seedling leaves, base twisted. Pollen cones developing in autumn but not shedding pollen until following spring, borne in spikes or panicles, shortly pedunculate; microsporophylls 15-20, decussate, each with 3 pollen sacs, except apical and basal with 2. Seed cones terminal or subterminal on previous year™s growth, solitary, shortly pedunculate at pollination, becoming long pedunculate and pendulous, subglobose, slightly cubic, or occasionally oblong-globose, ripening in 1st year; peduncle clothed with decussate, linear leaves; cone scales 16-24, persistent, decussate, shieldlike, woody, grooved, 5-9-seeded (when fertile), base cuneate, distal part transversely rhombic. Seeds 5-9, compressed-obovoid, winged all round, apex emarginate.