Gammaproteobacteria is a class of several medically, ecologically and scientifically important groups of bacteria, such as the Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli), Vibrionaceae and Pseudomonadaceae. An exceeding number of important pathogens belongs to this class, e.g. Salmonella (enteritis and typhoid fever), Yersinia (plague), Vibrio (cholera), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (lung infections in hospitalised or cystic fibrosis patients), Klebsiella pneumoniae responsible for causing pneumonia. Like all Proteobacteria, the Gammaproteobacteria are Gram-negative.
The Gammaproteobacteria comprise several medically and scientifically important groups of bacteria, such as the Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrionaceae and Pseudomonadaceae. A number of important pathogens belongs to this class, e.g. Salmonella spp. (enteritis and typhoid fever), Yersinia pestis (plague), Vibrio chole
rae (cholera), Pseudomonas
aeruginosa (lung infections in hospitalized or cystic fibrosis patients), and Escherichia coli (food poisoning). Members of Chromatium are photosynthetic and oxidize hydrogen sulfide instead of water, producing sulfur as excrement. Some Gammaproteobacteria are methane oxidizers, and many of them are in symbiosis with geothermic ocean vent dwelling animals.[1]
The Aeromonadales are an order of Proteobacteria, with six genera in two families. [more]
Alteromonadales
The Alteromonadales are an order of Proteobacteria. Although they have been treated as a single family, the Alteromonadaceae, they were divided into eight by Ivanova et al. in 2004. The cells are straight or curved rods. They are motil by the use of a single flagellum. Most of the species are marine. [more]
Chromatiales
The purple sulfur bacteria are a group of Proteobacteria capable of photosynthesis, collectively referred to as purple bacteria. They are anaerobic or microaerophilic, and are often found in hot springs or stagnant water. Unlike plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, they do not use water as their reducing agent, and so do not produce oxygen. Instead they use hydrogen sulfide, which is oxidized to produce granules of elemental sulfur. This in turn may be oxidized to form sulfuric acid. [more]
Enterobacteriales
The Enterobacteriaceae is a large family of Gram-negative bacteria that includes many of the more familiar pathogens, such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Yersinia pestis, Klebsiella and Shigella. This family is the only representative in the order Enterobacteriales of the class Gammaproteobacteria in the phylum Proteobacteria. Phylogenetically, in the Enterobacteriales, several peptidoglycan-less insect endosymbionts form a sister clade to the Enterobacteriaceae, but as they are not validly described, this group is not officially a taxon; examples of these species are , Buchnera, Wigglesworthia,Baumannia and Blochmannia, but not formers rickettsias. Members of the Enterobacteriaceae can be trivially referred to as enterobacteria, as several members live in the intestines of animals. In
fact, the etymology of the family is enterobacterium with the suffix to designate a family (aceae) ? not after the genus Enterobacter (which would be "Enterobacteraceae")? and the type genus is Escherichia. [more]
Legionellales
The Legionellales are an order of Proteobacteria. Like all Proteobacteria, they are gram-negative. They comprise two families, typified by Legionella and Coxiella, respectively, both of which include notable pathogens. [more]
The Pseudomonadales are an order of Proteobacteria. A few members are opportunistic pathogens, such as species of Pseudomonas, Moraxella, and Acinetobacter, which may cause pneumonia. [more]
The Vibrionaceae are a family of Proteobacteria, given their own order. Inhabitants of fresh or salt water, several species are pathogenic, including the type species Vibrio cholerae, which is the agent responsible for cholera. Most bioluminescent bacteria belong to this family, and are typically found as symbiotes of deep-sea animals. [more]
At least 141 species and subspecies belong to the Order Vibrionales.
More info about the Order Vibrionales may be found here.
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