Overview
Zosterops is a genus of birds containing the typical white-eyes. They are traditionally placed in the white-eye family, Zosteropidae, which may actually be a part of the Timaliidae, however (J?nsson & Fjelds? 2006). The latest comprehensive review of Australian bird taxonomy by Christidis and Boles also places this genus in the Timaliidae.
This genus has the highest number of species among the white-eyes by far. They occur in the Afrotropic ecoregion, the Indomalaya zone, and the Australasia ecozone. Typical white-eyes can reach a length between 8 and 15 cm. Their most characteristic feature is the conspicuous white-feather ring around the eye, though some species lack it. The species in this group vary in the structural adaptations of the tongue.1]
Systematics
A review of new DNA sequence data (J?nsson & Fjelds? 2006 ) suggests the genus might not be monophyletic. Few species have been researched, however, with the highest density of sampled taxa being from Micronesia. There, it appears, a more distinct eastern lineage and a western one closer to East Asian species occur. The relationships of the former to the Rukia white-eyes need investigation.
- African Yellow White-eye, Zosterops senegalensis
- Cameroon Green White-eye, Zosterops (senegalensis) stenocricotus
- Kirk's White-eye, Zosterops (senegalensis) kirki
- Pemba White-eye, Zosterops vaughani
- Chestnut-sided White-eye, Zosterops mayottensis
- Seychelles (Chestnut-sided) White-eye, Zosterops (mayottensis) semiflava (extinct: late 19th century)
- Montane (Broad-ringed) White-eye, Zosterops poliogastrus (formerly poliogaster)
- Kulal White-eye, Zosterops (poliogastrus) kulalensis
- Taita White-eye, Zosterops (poliogastrus) silvanus
- South Pare White-eye, Zosterops (poliogastrus) winifredae
- Kikuyu White-eye, Zosterops (poliogastrus) kikuyuensis
- Mbulu White-eye, Zosterops (poliogastrus) mbuluensis
- White-breasted White-eye, Zosterops abyssinicus
- Cape White-eye, Zosterops capensis
- Cape White-eye, Zosterops (capensis) capensis
- Orange River White-eye, Zosterops (capensis) pallidus
- Madagascar White-eye, Zosterops maderaspatanus
- Mount Karthala White-eye, Zosterops mouroniensis
- Sao Tome White-eye, Zosterops ficedulinus
- Annobon White-eye, Zosterops griseovirescens
- Mascarene White-eye, Zosterops borbonicus
- R?union Grey White-eye, Zosterops (borbonicus) borbonicus
- Mauritius Grey White-eye, Zosterops (borbonicus) mauritianus
- Reunion White-eye, Zosterops olivaceus
- Mauritius Olive Wh ite-eye, Zosterops chloronothos
- Seychelles White-eye, Zosterops modestus
- Sri Lanka White-eye, Zosterops ceylonensis
- Chestnut-flanked White-eye, Zosterops erythropleurus
- Oriental White-eye, Zosterops palpebrosus
- Japanese White-eye, Zosterops japonicus
- Borodino Islands White-Eye, Zosterops japonicus daitoensis
- Lowland White-eye, Zosterops meyeni
- Enggano White-eye, Zosterops salvadorii
- Bridled White-eye, Zosterops conspicillatus (possibly poly- or paraphyletic)
- Guam Bridled White-eye, Zosterops (conspicillatus) conspicillatus (extinct: 1983)
- Rota Bridled White-eye, Zosterops rotensis (formerly in conspicillatus)
- Plain White-eye, Zosterops hypolais
- Caroline Islands White-eye, Zosterops semperi
- Black-capped White-eye, Zosterops atricapilla (formerly atricapillus)
- Yellowish White-eye, Zosterops nigrorum
- Mountain White-eye, Zosterops montanus
- Christmas Island White-eye, Zosterops natalis
- Javan White-eye, Zosterops flavus
- Yellow-bellied White-eye, Zosterops chloris
- Ashy-bellied White-eye, Zosterops citrinella (formerly citrinellus)
- Pearl-bellied White-eye, Zosterops grayi
- Golden-bellied White-eye, Zosterops uropygialis
- Sulawesi White-eye, Zosterops consobrinorum
- Black-ringed White-eye, Zosterops anomalus
- Yellow-spectacled White-eye, Zosterops wallacei
- Black-crowned White-eye, Zosterops atrifrons
- Sulawesi Black-crowned White-eye, Zosterops (atrifrons) subatrifrons
- Sangihe White-eye, Zosterops nehrkorni (formerly in atrifrons)
- Seram White-eye, Zosterops stalkeri (formerly in atr ifrons)
- Creamy-throated White-eye, Zosterops atriceps
- Black-fronted White-eye, Zosterops minor (sometimes included in atrifrons)
- White-throated White-eye, Zosterops meeki
- Black-headed White-eye, Zosterops hypoxanthus
- Biak White-eye, Zosterops mysorensis
- Capped White-eye, Zosterops fuscicapilla (formerly fuscicapillus)
- Buru Yellow White-eye, Zosterops buruensis
- Ambon Yellow White-eye, Zosterops kuehni
- New Guinea White-eye, Zosterops novaeguineae
- Australian Yellow White-eye, Zosterops luteus
- Louisiade White-eye, Zosterops griseotinctus
- Rennell White-eye, Zosterops rennellianus
- Banded White-eye, Zosterops vellalavella
- Ganongga White-eye, Zosterops splendidus
- Splendid White-eye, Zosterops luteirostris
- Solomon Islands White-eye, Zosterops kulambangrae
- K ulambangra White-eye, Zosterops murphyi
- Yellow-throated White-eye, Zosterops metcalfii
- Grey-throated White-eye, Zosterops rendovae
- Malaita White-eye, Zosterops stresemanni
- Santa Cruz White-eye, Zosterops santaecrucis
- Silvereye, Zosterops lateralis
- Lord Howe Silvereye, Zosterops (lateralis) tephropleurus (formerly tephropleurus)
- Robust White-eye, Zosterops strenuus (formerly strenua; extinct: c.1918)
- Slender-billed White-eye, Zosterops tenuirostris
- White-chested White-eye, Zosterops albogularis
- Large Lifou White-eye, Zosterops inornatus
- Layard's White-eye, Zosterops explorator
- Yellow-fronted White-eye, Zosterops flavifrons
- Green-backed White-eye, Zosterops xanthochroa (formerly xanthochrous)
- Small Lifou White-eye, Zosterops minutus
- Samoan White-eye, Zostero ps samoensis
- Dusky White-eye, Zosterops finschii
- Grey-brown White-eye, Zosterops cinereus
- Yap Olive White-eye, Zosterops oleagineus (sometimes placed in Rukia, as R. oleaginea)
- Togian White-eye, Zosterops somadikartai (described in 2008)
- Wangi Wangi White-eye Zosterops sp. (discovered in 2003)
- Vanikoro White-eye Zosterops gibbsi (described in 2008)
Systematics
A review of new DNA sequence data (J?nsson & Fjelds? 2006) suggests the genus might not be monophyletic. Few species have been researched, however, with the highest density of sampled taxa being from Micronesia . There, it appears, a more distinct eastern lineage and a western one closer to East Asian species occur. The relationships of the former to the Rukia white-eyes need investigation.
- African Yellow White-eye, Zosterops senegalensis
- Cameroon Green White-eye, Zosterops (senegalensis) stenocricotus
- Kirk's White-eye, Zosterops (senegalensis) kirki
- Pemba White-eye, Zosterops vaughani
- Chestnut-sided White-eye, Zosterops mayottensis
- Seychelles (Chestnut-sided) White-eye, Zosterops (mayottensis) semiflava (extinct: late 19th century)
- Montane (Broad-ringed) White-eye, Zosterops poliogastrus (formerly poliogaster)
- Kulal White-eye, Zosterops (poliogastrus) kulalensis
- Taita White-eye, Zosterops (poliogastrus) silvanus
- South Pare White-eye, Zosterops (poliogastrus) winifredae
- Kikuyu White-eye, Zosterops (poliogastrus) kikuyuensis< /i>
- Mbulu White-eye, Zosterops (poliogastrus) mbuluensis
- White-breasted White-eye, Zosterops abyssinicus
- Cape White-eye, Zosterops capensis
- Cape White-eye, Zosterops (capensis) capensis
- Orange River White-eye, Zosterops (capensis) pallidus
- Madagascar White-eye, Zosterops maderaspatanus
- Mount Karthala White-eye, Zosterops mouroniensis
- Sao Tome White-eye, Zosterops ficedulinus
- Annobon White-eye, Zosterops griseovirescens
- Mascarene White-eye, Zosterops borbonicus
- R?union Grey White-eye, Zosterops (borbonicus) borbonicus
- Mauritius Grey White-eye, Zosterops (borbonicus) mauritianus
- Reunion White-eye, Zosterops olivaceus
- Mauritius Olive White-eye, Zosterops chloronothos
- Seychelles White-eye, Zosterops modestus
- Sri Lanka White-eye, Zosterops ceylonensis
- Chestnut-flanked White-eye, Zosterops erythropleurus
- Oriental White-eye, Zosterops palpebrosus
- Japanese White-eye, Zosterops japonicus
- Borodino Islands White-Eye, Zosterops japonicus daitoensis
- Lowland White-eye, Zosterops meyeni
- Enggano White-eye, Zosterops salvadorii
- Bridled White-eye, Zosterops conspicillatus (possibly poly- or paraphyletic)
- Guam Bridled White-eye, Zosterops (conspicillatus) conspicillatus (extinct: 1983)
- Rota Bridled White-eye, Zosterops rotensis (formerly in conspicillatus)
- Plain White-eye, Zosterops hypolais
- Caroline Islands White-eye, Zosterops semperi
- Black-capped White-eye, Zosterops atricapilla (formerly atricapillus)
- Everett's White-eye, Zosterops everetti
- Yellowish White-eye, Zosterops nigrorum
- Mountain White-eye, Zosterops montanu s
- Christmas Island White-eye, Zosterops natalis
- Javan White-eye, Zosterops flavus
- Yellow-bellied White-eye, Zosterops chloris
- Ashy-bellied White-eye, Zosterops citrinella (formerly citrinellus)
- Pearl-bellied White-eye, Zosterops grayi
- Golden-bellied White-eye, Zosterops uropygialis
- Sulawesi White-eye, Zosterops consobrinorum
- Black-ringed White-eye, Zosterops anomalus
- Yellow-spectacled White-eye, Zosterops wallacei
- Black-crowned White-eye, Zosterops atrifrons
- Sulawesi Black-crowned White-eye, Zosterops (atrifrons) subatrifrons
- Sangihe White-eye, Zosterops nehrkorni (formerly in atrifrons)
- Seram White-eye, Zosterops stalkeri (formerly in atrifrons)
- Creamy-throated White-eye, Zosterops atriceps
- Black-fronted White-eye, Zosterops minor (sometimes included in atrifrons)
- White-throated White-eye, Zosterops meeki
- Black-headed White-eye, Zosterops hypoxanthus
- Biak White-eye, Zosterops mysorensis
- Capped White-eye, Zosterops fuscicapilla (formerly fuscicapillus)
- Buru Yellow White-eye, Zosterops buruensis
- Ambon Yellow White-eye, Zosterops kuehni
- New Guinea White-eye, Zosterops novaeguineae
- Australian Yellow White-eye, Zosterops luteus
- Louisiade White-eye, Zosterops griseotinctus
- Rennell White-eye, Zosterops rennellianus
- Banded White-eye, Zosterops vellalavella
- Ganongga White-eye, Zosterops splendidus
- Splendid White-eye, Zosterops luteirostris
- Solomon Islands White-eye, Zosterops kulambangrae
- Kulambangra White-eye, Zosterops murphyi
- Yellow-throated White-eye, Zosterops metcalfii
- Grey-throated White-eye, Zostero ps rendovae
- Malaita White-eye, Zosterops stresemanni
- Santa Cruz White-eye, Zosterops santaecrucis
- Silvereye, Zosterops lateralis
- Lord Howe Silvereye, Zosterops (lateralis) tephropleurus (formerly tephropleurus)
- Robust White-eye, Zosterops strenuus (formerly strenua; extinct: c.1918)
- Slender-billed White-eye, Zosterops tenuirostris
- White-chested White-eye, Zosterops albogularis
- Large Lifou White-eye, Zosterops inornatus
- Layard's White-eye, Zosterops explorator
- Yellow-fronted White-eye, Zosterops flavifrons
- Green-backed White-eye, Zosterops xanthochroa (formerly xanthochrous)
- Small Lifou White-eye, Zosterops minutus
- Samoan White-eye, Zosterops samoensis
- Dusky White-eye, Zosterops finschii
- Grey-brown White-eye, Zosterops cinereus
- Yap Olive White-eye, Zosterops oleagineus (sometimes placed in Rukia, as R. oleaginea)
- Togian White-eye, Zosterops somadikartai (described in 2008)
- Wangi Wangi White-eye Zosterops sp. (discovered in 2003)
- Vanikoro White-eye Zosterops gibbsi (described in 2008)
References
- ^ Moreau RE, Mary Perrins & J. Trevor Hughes (1969). "Tongues of the Zosteropidae (White-eyes)". Ardea: 29?47. http://ardeajournal.natuurinfo.nl/ardeapdf/a57-029-047.pdf.
- J?nsson, Knud A. & Fjelds?, Jon (2006): A phylogenetic supertree of oscine passerine birds (Aves: Passeri). Zool. Scripta 35(2): 149?186. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00221.x (HTML abstract)
External links
- Zosterops photos & videos on the Internet Bird Collection
Taxonomy
The Genus Zosterops is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 263 species and subspecies in the Genus Zosterops: Z. abyssinica (White-Breasted White-Eye) · Z. abyssinica flavilateralis · Z. abyssinics · Z. abyssinicus (White-Breasted White-Eye) · Z. abyssinicus abyssinicus (White-Breasted White-Eye) · Z. abyssinicus flavilateralis · Z. albiventer minor · Z. albogularis (White-Breasted Silver Eye) · Z. anderssoni · Z. anomala (Lemon-Throated White-Eye) · Z. anomalus (Lemon-Throated White-Eye) · Z. atricapilla (Black-Capped White-Eye) · Z. atricapillus (Black-Capped White-Eye) · Z. atriceps (Creamy-Throated White-Eye) · Z. atriceps fuscifrons · Z. atrifrons (Moluccan Black-Fronted White-Eye) · Z. atrifrons atrifrons (Moluccan Black-Fronted White-Eye) · Z. atrifrons subatrifrons · Z. atrifrons sulaensis · Z. aurifrons · Z. babelo · Z. barbonicus · Z. basilanica · Z. bassetti · Z. borbonica (Mascarene Grey White-Eye) · Z. borbonica edwardnewtoni · Z. borbonicus (Mascarene Grey White-Eye) · Z. buruensis (Buru Yellow White-Eye) · Z. buxtoni · Z. capensis (Cape White-Eye) · Z. ceylonensis (Large Sri Lanka White-Eye) · Z. chlorates korinchi · Z. chloris (Yellow-Bellied White-Eye) · Z. chloris mentoris · Z. chlorocephalus · Z. chloronothos (Mauritius Olive White-Eye) · Z. chloronothus (Mauritius Olive White-Eye) · Z. chloronotus · Z. cinerea (Grey-Brown White-Eye) · Z. cinereus (Grey-Brown White-Eye) · Z. cinereus hypolais · Z. citrinella (Ashy-Bellied White-Eye) · Z. citrinellus (Ashy-Bellied White-Eye) · Z. coerulescens · Z. consobrinorum (Pale-Bellied White-Eye) · Z. conspicillata (Bridled White-Eye) · Z. conspicillata conspicillata (Bridled White-Eye) · Z. conspicillatus (Bridled White-Eye) · Z. conspicillatus conspicillatus (Bridled White-Eye) · Z. conspicillatus rotensis · Z. conspicillatus saypani · Z. conspillatus · Z. delicatula · Z. dorsalis · Z. erythropleura (Chestnut-Flanked White-Eye) · Z. erythropleurus (Chestnut-Flanked White-Eye) · Z. eurycricota · Z. euryophtalma · Z. everetti (Everett's White-Eye) · Z. everetti babelo · Z. everetti basilanicus · Z. everetti boholensis · Z. everetti mandibularis · Z. everetti siquijorensis · Z. everetti tahanensis · Z. explorator (Layard's White-Eye) · Z. ficedulina (Principe White-Eye) · Z. ficedulinus (Principe White-Eye) · Z. ficedulinus ficedulinus · Z. finschii (Dusky White-Eye) · Z. flava (Javan White-Eye) · Z. flaviceps · Z. flavifrons (Yellow-Fronted White-Eye) · Z. flavifrons brevicauda · Z. flavifrons efatensis · Z. flavifrons flavifrons (Yellow-Fronted White-Eye) · Z. flavifrons macgillivrayi · Z. flavifrons macgillivrayi (Javan White-Eye) · Z. fuscicapilla (Yellow-Bellied Mountain White-Eye) · Z. fuscicapilla fuscicapilla · Z. fuscicapillus (Yellow-Bellied Mountain White-Eye) · Z. gibbsi (Vanikoro White-Eye) · Z. gouldi (Western Silver-Eye) · Z. gouldi (Pearl-Bellied White-Eye) · Z. griseotincta (Rennell Island White-Eye) · Z. griseotinctus (Louisiades White-Eye) · Z. griseovirescens (Annobón White-Eye) · Z. hypolais (Plain White-Eye) · Z. hypoleuca · Z. hypoxanthus (Black-Headed White-Eye) · Z. incerta · Z. inornata (Large Lifu White-Eye) · Z. inornatus (Large Lifou White-Eye) · Z. intermedia · Z. intermedia erwini · Z. jacksoni · Z. japonica (Japanese White-Eye) · Z. japonica japonica (Japanese White-Eye) · Z. japonica simplex · Z. japonicus (Japanese White-Eye) · Z. japonicus alani · Z. japonicus insularis · Z. japonicus japonica · Z. japonicus japonicus (Japanese White-Eye) · Z. japonicus loochooensis · Z. japonicus simplex · Z. japonicus stejnegeri · Z. kikuyuensis · Z. kirki (Kirk's White-Eye) · Z. kirki (Ambon Yellow White-Eye) · Z. kulalensis (Kulal White-Eye) · Z. kulambangrae (Solomon Islands White-Eye) · Z. lateralis (Grey-Backed White-Eye) · Z. lateralis chlorocephalus · Z. lateralis chloronotus · Z. lateralis cornwalli · Z. lateralis flaviceps · Z. lateralis gouldi · Z. lateralis griseonota · Z. lateralis halmaturina · Z. lateralis lateralis (Grey-Backed White-Eye) · Z. lateralis melanops · Z. lateralis nigrescens · Z. lateralis ochrochrous · Z. lateralis tephropleura · Z. lateralis tephropleurus · Z. lateralis vatensis · Z. lateralis westernensis · Z. lutea (Australian Yellow White-Eye) · Z. luteirostris (Yellow-Billed White-Eye) · Z. luteus (Australian Yellow White-Eye) · Z. luteus luteus (Australian Yellow White-Eye) · Z. madagascariensis · Z. maderaspatana (Madagascar White-Eye) · Z. maderaspatanus (Madagascar White-Eye) · Z. maderaspatanus kirki · Z. maderaspatanus maderaspatanus (Madagascar White-Eye) · Z. maderaspetana ampotekae · Z. mauritianus · Z. mayottensis (Chestnut-Sided White-Eye) · Z. meeki (White-Throated White-Eye) · Z. melanops · Z. metcalfii (Yellow-Throated White-Eye) · Z. metcalfii metcalfii · Z. meyeni (Philippine White-Eye) · Z. minor (New Guinea Black-Fronted White-Eye) · Z. minor minor · Z. minor tenuifrons · Z. minuta (Small Lifu White-Eye) · Z. minutus (Small Lifou White-Eye) · Z. modesta (Seychelles Brown White-Eye) · Z. modestus (Seychelles Grey White-Eye) · Z. montana · Z. montanus (Mountain White-Eye) · Z. mouroniensis (Mount Karthala White-Eye) · Z. murphyi (Kulambangra Mountain White-Eye) · Z. mysorensis (Biak White-Eye) · Z. natalis (Christmas Island White-Eye) · Z. nehrkorni (Sangihe White-Eye) · Z. nigrorum (Philippine Yellow White-Eye) · Z. nigrorum aureiloris · Z. nigrorum catarmanensis · Z. nigrorum luzonica · Z. nigrorum meyleri · Z. nigrorum nigrorum · Z. nigrorum richmondi · Z. novaeguinae · Z. novaeguineae (New Guinea Mountain White-Eye) · Z. novaeguineae wahgiensis · Z. oleagina · Z. oleagina (Olive-Colored White-Eye) · Z. olivacea (Reunion Olive White-Eye) · Z. olivaceus (Reunion Olive White-Eye) · Z. pallida (Pale White-Eye) · Z. pallidus (Orange River White-Eye) · Z. pallidus capensis · Z. pallidus pallidus (Orange River White-Eye) · Z. pallidus virens · Z. palpebrosa (Oriental White-Eye) · Z. palpebrosa buxtoni · Z. palpebrosa nicobarica · Z. palpebrosa nilgiriensis · Z. palpebrosa palbrosa · Z. palpebrosa palpebrosa (Oriental White-Eye) · Z. palpebrosa siamensis · Z. palpebrosus (Oriental White-Eye) · Z. palpebrosus egregia · Z. palpebrosus nilgiriensis · Z. palpebrosus palpebrosus (Oriental White-Eye) · Z. poliogaster (Broad-Ringed White-Eye) · Z. poliogaster eurycricotus · Z. poliogaster kikuyuensis · Z. poliogaster poliogaster (Broad Ringed White-Eye) · Z. poliogaster silvanus · Z. poliogastra · Z. poliogastrus (Broad-Ringed White-Eye) · Z. poliogastrus gerhardi · Z. poliogastrus poloigastrus · Z. pusillus · Z. rendovae (Solomon Islands White-Eye) · Z. rendovae rendovae (Solomon Islands White-Eye) · Z. rennellianus (Rennell Island White-Eye) · Z. rotensis (Rota Bridled White-Eye) · Z. salvadorii (Enggano White-Eye) · Z. samoensis (Samoan White-Eye) · Z. sanctaecrucis (Santa Cruz White-Eye) · Z. schubotzi · Z. scotti · Z. semperi (Caroline Islands White-Eye) · Z. semperi owstoni · Z. semperi semperi (Caroline Islands White-Eye) · Z. semperi takatsukasai · Z. senegalensis (African Yellow White-Eye) · Z. senegalensis anderssoni (African Yellow White-Eye) · Z. senegalensis demeryi (Eritrea Yellow White-Eye) · Z. senegalensis flavilateralis · Z. senegalensis gerhardi · Z. senegalensis pusilla · Z. senegalensis senegalensis (African Yellow White-Eye) · Z. senegalensis stenocricotus (Cameroon Cameroon Green White-Eye) · Z. senegalensis stierlingi (Nyasa Green White-Eye) · Z. senegalensis stuhlmanni (Fernando Po Green White-Eye) · Z. siamensis · Z. silvanus (Taita White-Eye) · Z. simplex · Z. somadikartai (Togian White-Eye) · Z. splendidus (Ranongga White-Eye) · Z. stalkeri (Seram White-Eye) · Z. stenocricota · Z. strenua (Lord Howe White-Eye) · Z. strenuus (Robust White-Eye) · Z. stresemanni (Malaita White-Eye) · Z. stuhlmanni · Z. subatrifrons · Z. superciliosa · Z. tahanensis · Z. tenella · Z. tenuirostris (Slender-Billed White-Eye) · Z. tenuirostris strenuus · Z. tephropleurus (Lord Howe Island White-Eye) · Z. toroensis · Z. ugiensis (Grey-Throated White-Eye) · Z. ugiensis ugiensis · Z. ugiensis ugiensis (Golden-Bellied White-Eye) · Z. vaughani (Pemba White-Eye) · Z. vellalavella (Banded White-Eye) · Z. virens (Cape White-Eye) · Z. virens capensis · Z. virens jacksoni · Z. virens sarmenticia · Z. virens scotti · Z. virens stierlingi · Z. virens stuhlmanni · Z. wallacei (Yellow-Spectacled White-Eye) · Z. winifredae (South Pare White-Eye) · Z. xanthochroa (New Caledonia White-Eye) · Z. xanthochrous (New Caledonia White-Eye)
References
- ^ Moreau RE, Mary Perrins & J. Trevor Hughes (1969). "Tongues of the Zosteropidae (White-eyes)". Ardea: 29?47. http://ardeajournal.natuurinfo.nl/ardeapdf/a57-029-047.pdf.
Sources
- The distribution map on the Distribution tab comes from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and is used with permission.
- Photographs on this page are copyrighted by individual photographers, and individual copyrights apply.
- The technology underlying this page, including the controls behind Keep Exploring, is owned by the BayScience Foundation. All rights are reserved.
