Overview
The family Yponomeutidae are known as the ermine moths, with several hundred species, most of them in the tropics. The larvae tend to form communal webs, and some are minor pests in agriculture, forestry, and horticulture. Some of the adults are very attractive. Adult moths are minor pollinators.
There are five or six subfamilies. Some authors also include the closely related Plutellidae as yet another subfamily:
- Argyresthiinae
- Attevinae
- Praydinae
- Saridoscelinae
- Scythropiinae (sometimes in Yponomeutinae)
- Yponomeutinae
Species include:
- Ailanthus webworm, Atteva aurea
- Spindle Ermine, Yponomeuta cagnagellus.
- Bird-cherry Ermine, Yponomeuta evonymellus.
- Orchard Ermine, Yponomeuta padellus.
- Yponomeuta plumbella.
- Apple Ermine Yponomeuta malinellus
The word Ypono meutidae comes from the Ancient Greek ?p? (ypo) meaning under and ????? (nom?s) meaning food or dwelling, thus "feeding secretly, or burrow".[1]
i>The word Yponomeutidae comes from the Ancient Greek ?p? (ypo) meaning under and ????? (nom?s) meaning food or dwelling, thus "feeding secretly, or burrow".[1]
References
- ^ Westwood, J. O. (October 1837). Loudon, John Claudius. ed. "A series of Articles on the Insects most Injurious to Cultivators -- No. 8. The small Ermine Moth". The Gardener's magazine and register of rural and domestic improvement 13: 434. http://books.google.com/books?id=4hwnAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA434&lpg=PA434. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
External links
- < a href= "http://www.dutchdailynews.com/caterpillar-invasion-turns-dutch-city-into-a-horror-scene/">An invasion of caterpillars has city covered in webs, 25 May 2009, Dutch Daily News.
- Alien invasions, horror stories, or just the Ermine moth?, 17 June 2010, Natural History Museum.
- Caterpillars infesting trees in Lewes, 13 May 2011, Sussex Express.
- Ermine moth larvae infest Bradford park, 19 May 2011, BBC News Online.
- Web of intrigue on Jesus Green trees, 19 May 2011, Cambridge Evening News.
Media related to Yponomeutidae at Wikimedia Commons
Taxonomy
The Family Yponomeutidae is a member of the Superfamily Yponomeutoidea. Here is the complete "parentage" of Yponomeutidae:
- Domain: Eukaryota
Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Animalia
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
- Subkingdom: Bilateria
(Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983 - bilaterians
- Branch: Protostomia
Grobben, 1908 - protostomes
- Infrakingdom: Ecdysozoa
A.M.A. Aguinaldo et al., 1997 ex T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - ecdysozoans
- Superphylum: Panarthropoda
Cuvier
- Phylum: Arthropoda
Latreille, 1829 - Arthropods
- Subphylum: Mandibulata
Snodgrass, 1938
- Infraphylum: Atelocerata
Heymons, 1901
- Superclass: Panhexapoda
- Class: Insecta
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - Insects
- Subclass: Dicondylia
- Infraclass: Pterygota
- Winged Insects
- Cohort: Myoglossata
- Superorder: Amphiesmenoptera
- Order: Lepidoptera
- Butterflies and Moths
- Infraorder: Heteroneura
- a genus of Longhorned Beetles (Cerambycidae)
- Superfamily: Yponomeutoidea
- Family: Yponomeutidae - Ermine Moths
- Superfamily: Yponomeutoidea
- Infraorder: Heteroneura
- a genus of Longhorned Beetles (Cerambycidae)
- Order: Lepidoptera
- Butterflies and Moths
- Superorder: Amphiesmenoptera
- Cohort: Myoglossata
- Infraclass: Pterygota
- Winged Insects
- Subclass: Dicondylia
- Class: Insecta
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - Insects
- Superclass: Panhexapoda
- Infraphylum: Atelocerata
Heymons, 1901
- Subphylum: Mandibulata
Snodgrass, 1938
- Phylum: Arthropoda
Latreille, 1829 - Arthropods
- Superphylum: Panarthropoda
Cuvier
- Infrakingdom: Ecdysozoa
A.M.A. Aguinaldo et al., 1997 ex T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - ecdysozoans
- Branch: Protostomia
Grobben, 1908 - protostomes
- Subkingdom: Bilateria
(Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983 - bilaterians
- Kingdom: Animalia
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
The Family Yponomeutidae is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Subfamily (2): Attevinae · Yponomeutinae
- Genus (124): Abacistis · Acmosara · Acrataula · Aemylurgis · Aictis · Amalthina · Amblyzancla · Anaphantis · Anoista · Argyresthites · Artenacia · Astaropola · Atemelia · Atteva · Balanoptica · Banghaasia · Betharga · Buxeta · Calamotis · Callithrinca · Caminophantis · Campbellana · Cedestis · Charicrita · Chionaemopsis · Chionogenes · Citrinarchis · Comocritis · Conchiophora · Coptoproctis · Cymonympha · Dascia · Diaphragmistis · Entrichiria · Epactosaris · Epichthonodes · Epinomeuta · Eriopyrrha · Euarne · Eucalantica · Eucalliathla · Eucatagma · Eudrymopa · Euhyponomeuta · Euhyponomeutoides · Exanthica · Exaulistis · Hesperarcha · Hierodryas · Hofmannia · Ilychytis · Iriania · Iridostoma · Isotornis · Ithutomus · Kessleria · Lissochroa · Litaneutis · Metanomeuta · Metharmostis · Mnemoses · Morotripta · Mychonoa · Nematobola · Nesotropha · Niphonympha · Nosymna · Nymphonia · Ocnerostoma · Opsiclines · Orencostoma · Oridryas · Orinympha · Orsocoma · Orthosaris · Palaetheta · Palleura · Paradoxus · Parahyponomeuta · Paraswammerdamia · Parazelota · Parexaula · Pauridioneura · Phasmatographa · Piestoceros · Plexippica · Podiasa · Porphyrocrates · Prays · Pronomeuta · Protonoma · Pseudorinympha · Pseudoswammerdamia · Pseudotalara · Saridoscelis · Schistocyttara · Scythropia · Scythropites · Spaniophylla · Sporadarchis · Stasiphron · Steganosticha · Stryphnaula · Swammerdamia · Sympetalistis · Syncallia · Syncathartis · Syncerastis · Syncrotaulella · Tanaoctena · Tarphyscelis · Terthroptera · Thecobathra · Thyridectis · Thyrsotarsa · Toecorhychia · Toiana · Trisophista · Trochastica · Trychnomera · Typhogenes · Xyrosaris · Yponomeuta · Zygographa
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 512 species and subspecies in the Family Yponomeutidae.
Genera
Abacistis
Abacistis is a genus of moths of the Yponomeutidae family. [more]
Acmosara
Acmosara is a genus of moths of the Yponomeutidae family. [more]
Acrataula
Acrataula is a genus of moths of the Yponomeutidae family. [more]
Aemylurgis
Aemylurgis is a genus of moths of the Yponomeutidae family. [more]
Aictis
Aictis is a genus of moths of the Yponomeutidae family. [more]
Amalthina
Amalthina is a genus of moths of the Yponomeutidae family. [more]
Amblyzancla
Amblyzancla is a genus of moths of the Yponomeutidae family. [more]
Anaphantis
Anaphantis is a genus of moths of the Yponomeutidae family. [more]
Anoista
Anoista is a genus of moths of the Yponomeutidae family. [more]
Argyresthites
Argyresthites is a genus of moths of the Yponomeutidae family. [more]
Artenacia
Artenacia is a genus of moths of the Yponomeutidae family. [more]
Astaropola
Astaropola is a genus of moths of the Yponomeutidae family. [more]
Atemelia
Atemelia is a genus of moths of the Yponomeutidae family. [more]
Atteva
Attevinae is a subfamily of moths of the Yponomeutidae family, containing only one genus, Atteva. The group has a pantropical distribution but at least one species (Atteva aurea) has a range that extends into the temperate zone. No consistent hypotheses regarding the relationships, placement, and ranking of Attevinae have been published but the prevalent view is that they likely form a monophyletic group within the Yponomeutidae. [more]
Balanoptica
Balanoptica is a genus of moths of the Yponomeutidae family. [more]
Banghaasia
Banghaasia is a genus of moths of the Yponomeutidae family. [more]
Betharga
Buxeta
Calamotis
Callithrinca
Caminophantis
Campbellana
Cedestis
Charicrita
Chionaemopsis
Chionogenes
Citrinarchis
Comocritis
Conchiophora
Coptoproctis
Cymonympha
Dascia
Diaphragmistis
Entrichiria
Epactosaris
Epichthonodes
Epinomeuta
Eriopyrrha
Euarne
Eucalantica
Eucalliathla
Eucatagma
Eudrymopa
Euhyponomeuta
Euhyponomeutoides
Exanthica
Exaulistis
Hesperarcha
Hierodryas
Hofmannia
Ilychytis
Iriania
Iridostoma
Isotornis
Ithutomus
Kessleria
Lissochroa
Litaneutis
Metanomeuta
Metharmostis
Mnemoses
Morotripta
Mychonoa
Nematobola
Nesotropha
Niphonympha
Nosymna
Nymphonia
Ocnerostoma
Opsiclines
Orencostoma
Oridryas
Orinympha
Orsocoma
Orthosaris
Palaetheta
Palleura
Paradoxus
Parahyponomeuta
Paraswammerdamia
Parazelota
Parexaula
Pauridioneura
Phasmatographa
Piestoceros
Plexippica
Podiasa
Porphyrocrates
Prays
Pronomeuta
Protonoma
Pseudorinympha
Pseudoswammerdamia
Pseudotalara
Saridoscelis
Schistocyttara
Scythropia
Scythropites
Spaniophylla
Sporadarchis
Stasiphron
Steganosticha
Stryphnaula
Swammerdamia
Sympetalistis
Syncallia
Syncathartis
Syncerastis
Syncrotaulella
Tanaoctena
Tarphyscelis
Terthroptera
Thecobathra
Thyridectis
Thyrsotarsa
Toecorhychia
Toiana
Trisophista
Trochastica
Trychnomera
Typhogenes
Xyrosaris
Yponomeuta
Zygographa
More info about the Genus Zygographa may be found here.
References
- ^ Westwood, J. O. (October 1837). Loudon, John Claudius. ed. "A series of Articles on the Insects most Injurious to Cultivators -- No. 8. The small Ermine Moth". The Gardener's magazine and register of rural and domestic improvement 13: 434. http://books.google.com/books?id=4hwnAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA434&lpg=PA434. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
Sources
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