Xanthidae (Family)

Overview

Xanthidae is a family of crabs known as mud crabs, pebble crabs or rubble crabs.^1] They are often brightly colored and are poisonous, containing toxins which are not destroyed by cooking and for which no antidote is known.^[2] The toxins are similar to the tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin produced by puffer fish, and may be produced by bacteria in the genus Vibrio living in symbiosis with the crabs, mostly V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus.^[2]

Classification

[ Back to top ]

Many species formerly included in the family Xanthidae have since been moved to new families. Despite this, Xanthidae is still the largest crab family in terms of species richness, with 572 species in 133 genera divided among the thirteen subfamilies:^[3]

Actaeinae Alcock, 1898
- Actaea De Haan, 1833
- Actaeodes Dana, 1851
- Actaeops ? Portell & Collins, 2004
- Allactaea Williams, 1974
- Epiactaea Ser?ne, 1984
- Epiactaeodes Ser?ne, 1984
- Forestia Guinot, 1976
- Gaillardiellus Guinot, 1976
- Heteractaea Lockington, 1877
- Lobiactaea T. Sakai, 1983
- Meractaea Ser?ne, 1984
- Novactaea Guinot, 1976
- Odhneria T. Sakai, 1983
- Paractaea Guinot, 1969
- Paractaeopsis Ser?ne, 1984
- Phlyctenodes ? A. Milne-Edwards, 1862
- Platyactaea Guinot, 1967
- Psaumis Kossmann, 1877
- Pseudactaea Ser?ne, 1962
- Pseudoliomera Odhner, 1925
- Pseudophlyctenodes ? Busulini, Tessier & Beschin, 2006
- Rata Davie, 1993
- Serenius Guinot, 1976
Antrocarcininae Ng & D. G. B. Chia, 1994
- Antrocarcinus Ng & D. G. B. Chia, 1994
- Cyrtocarcinus Ng & D. G. B. Chia, 1994
- Glyptocarcinus Takeda, 1973
Chlorodiellinae Ng & Holthuis, 2007
- Chlorodiella Rathbun, 1897
- Cyclodius Dana, 1851
- Garthiella Titgen, 1986
- Liocarpiloides Klunzinger, 1913
- Pilodius Dana, 1851
- Sulcodius P. F. Clark & Ng, 1999
- Tweedieia Ward, 1935
- Vellodius Ng & Yang, 1998
Cymoinae Alcock, 1898
- Cymo De Haan, 1833
Etisinae Ortmann, 1893
- Etisus H. Milne-Edwards, 1834
- Paraetisus Ward, 1933
Euxanthinae Alcock, 1898
- Alainodaeus Davie, 1993
- Batodaeus V?zquez-Bader & Gracia, 2004
- Carpoporus Stimpson, 1871
- Cranaothus Ng, 1993
- Crosnierius Ser?ne & Vadon, 1981
- Danielea Ng & P. F. Clark, 2003
- Edwardsium Guinot, 1967
- Epistocavea Davie, 1993
- Euxanthus Dana, 1851
- Glyptoxanthus A. Milne-Edwards, 1879
- Guinotellus Ser?ne, 1971
- Hepatoporus Ser?ne, 1984
- Hypocolpus Rathbun, 1897
- Ladomedaeus ?tevcic, 2005
- Lipaesthesius Rathbun, 1898
- Medaeops Guinot, 1967
- Medaeus Dana, 1851
- Miersiella Guinot, 1967
- Monodaeus Guinot, 1967
- Olenothus Ng, 2002
- Palatigum Davie, 1997
- Paramedaeus Guinot, 1967
- Pleurocolpus Crosnier, 1995
- Pseudomedaeus Guinot, 1968
- Rizalthus Mendoza & Ng, 2008
- Visayax Mendoza & Ng, 2008
Kraussiinae Ng, 1993
- Garthasia Ng, 1993
- Kraussia Dana, 1852
- Palapedia Ng, 1993
Liomerinae T. Sakai, 1976
- Actiomera Ng, Guinot & Davie, 2008
- Bruciana Ser?ne, 1977
- Liomera Dana, 1851
- Meriola Davie, 1993
- Neoliomera Odhner, 1925
- Neomeria ? C.-H. Hu & Tao, 1996
- Paraliomera Rathbun, 1930
Polydectinae Dana, 1851
- Lybia H. Milne-Edwards, 1834
- Polydectus H. Milne-Edwards, 1837
Speocarcininae ?tevcic, 2005
- Speocarcinus Stimpson, 1859
Xanthinae MacLeay, 1838
- Cataleptodius Guinot, 1968
- Coralliope Guinot, 1967
- Cycloxanthops Rathbun, 1897
- Demania Laurie, 1906
- Ectaesthesius Rathbun, 1898
- Epixanthops Ser?ne, 1984
- Eucratodes A. Milne-Edwards, 1880
- Euryxanthops Garth & Kim, 1983
- Garthiope Guinot, 1990
- Gaudichaudia Rathbun, 1930
- Gonopanope Guinot, 1967
- Guitonia Garth & Iliffe, 1992
- Jacforus Ng & P. F. Clark, 2003
- Juxtaxanthias Ward, 1942
- Lachnopodus Stimpson, 1858
- Leptodius A. Milne-Edwards, 1863
- Liagore De Haan, 1833
- Linnaeoxanthus ?tevcic, 2005
- Lioxanthodes Calman, 1909
- Macromedaeus Ward, 1942
- Marratha Ng & P. F. Clark, 2003
- Megametope Filhol, 1886
- Megamia ? Karasawa, 1993
- Melybia Stimpson, 1871
- Metaxanthops Ser?ne, 1984
- Metopoxantho ? De Man, 1904
- Microcassiope Guinot, 1967
- Micropanope Stimpson, 1871
- Nanocassiope Guinot, 1967
- Nectopanope Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891
- Neolioxantho Garth & Kim, 1983
- Neoxanthias Ward, 1932
- Neoxanthops Guinot, 1968
- Orphnoxanthus Alcock, 1896
- Ovatis Ng & H.-I. Chen, 2004
- Palaeoxanthops ? Karasawa, 1993
- Paraxanthias Odhner, 1925
- Paraxanthodes Guinot, 1968
- Paraxanthus Lucas, 1844
- Xanthias Rathbun, 1897
- Xantho Leach, 1814
- Xanthodius Stimpson, 1859
Zalasiinae Ser?ne, 1968
- Banareia A. Milne-Edwards, 1869
- Calvactaea Ward, 1933
- Zalasius Rathbun, 1897
Zosiminae Alcock, 1898
- Atergatis De Haan, 1833
- Atergatopsis A. Milne-Edwards, 1862
- Lophozozymus A. Milne-Edwards, 1863
- Paratergatis T. Sakai, 1965
- Platypodia Bell, 1835
- Platypodiella Guinot, 1967
- Pulcratis Ng & Huang, 1977
- Zosimus Leach, 1818
- Zozymodes Heller, 1861
Incertae sedis
- Haydnella ? M?ller, 1984
- Nogarolia ? Beschin, Busulini, De Angeli & Tessier, 1994
- Sculptoplax ? M?ller & Collins, 1991

Lobiactaea T. Sakai, 1983

Meractaea Ser?ne, 1984

Novactaea Guinot, 1976

Odhneria T. Sakai, 1983

Paractaea Guinot, 1969

Paractaeopsis Ser?ne, 1984

Phlyctenodes ? A. Milne-Edwards, 1862

Platyactaea Guinot, 1967

Psaumis Kossmann, 1877

Pseudactaea Ser?ne, 1962

Pseudoliomera Odhner, 1925

Pseudophlyctenodes ? Busulini, Tessier & Beschin, 2006

Rata Davie, 1993

Serenius Guinot, 1976

Antrocarcininae Ng & D. G. B. Chia, 1994

Antrocarcinus Ng & D. G. B. Chia, 1994
Cyrtocarcinus Ng & D. G. B. Chia, 1994
Glyptocarcinus Takeda, 1973

Chlorodiellinae Ng & Holthuis, 2007

Chlorodiella Rathbun, 1897
Cyclodius Dana, 1851
Garthiella Titgen, 1986
Liocarpiloides Klunzinger, 1913
Pilodius Dana, 1851
Sulcodius P. F. Clark & Ng, 1999
Tweedieia Ward, 1935
Vellodius Ng & Yang, 1998

Cymoinae Alcock, 1898

Cymo De Haan, 1833

Etisinae Ortmann, 1893

Etisus H. Milne-Edwards, 1834
Paraetisus Ward, 1933

Euxanthinae Alcock, 1898

Alainodaeus Davie, 1993
Batodaeus V?zquez-Bader & Gracia, 2004
Carpoporus Stimpson, 1871
Cranaothus Ng, 1993
Crosnierius Ser?ne & Vadon, 1981
Danielea Ng & P. F. Clark, 2003
Edwardsium Guinot, 1967
Epistocavea Davie, 1993
Euxanthus Dana, 1851
Glyptoxanthus A. Milne-Edwards, 1879
Guinotellus Ser?ne, 1971
Hepatoporus Ser?ne, 1984
Hypocolpus Rathbun, 1897
Ladomedaeus ?tevcic, 2005
Lipaesthesius Rathbun, 1898
Medaeops Guinot, 1967
Medaeus Dana, 1851
Miersiella Guinot, 1967
Monodaeus Guinot, 1967
Olenothus Ng, 2002
Palatigum Davie, 1997
Paramedaeus Guinot, 1967
Pleurocolpus Crosnier, 1995
Pseudomedaeus Guinot, 1968
Rizalthus Mendoza & Ng, 2008
Visayax Mendoza & Ng, 2008

Kraussiinae Ng, 1993

Garthasia Ng, 1993
Kraussia Dana, 1852
Palapedia Ng, 1993

Liomerinae T. Sakai, 1976

Actiomera Ng, Guinot & Davie, 2008
Bruciana Ser?ne, 1977
Liomera Dana, 1851
Meriola Davie, 1993
Neoliomera Odhner, 1925
Neomeria ? C.-H. Hu & Tao, 1996
Paraliomera Rathbun, 1930

Polydectinae Dana, 1851

Lybia H. Milne-Edwards, 1834
Polydectus H. Milne-Edwards, 1837

Speocarcininae ?tevcic, 2005

Speocarcinus Stimpson, 1859

Xanthinae MacLeay, 1838

Cataleptodius Guinot, 1968
Coralliope Guinot, 1967
Cycloxanthops Rathbun, 1897
Demania Laurie, 1906
Ectaesthesius Rathbun, 1898
Epixanthops Ser?ne, 1984
Eucratodes A. Milne-Edwards, 1880
Euryxanthops Garth & Kim, 1983
Garthiope Guinot, 1990
Gaudichaudia Rathbun, 1930
Gonopanope Guinot, 1967
Guitonia Garth & Iliffe, 1992
Jacforus Ng & P. F. Clark, 2003
Juxtaxanthias Ward, 1942
Lachnopodus Stimpson, 1858
Leptodius A. Milne-Edwards, 1863
Liagore De Haan, 1833
Linnaeoxanthus ?tevcic, 2005
Lioxanthodes Calman, 1909
Macromedaeus Ward, 1942
Marratha Ng & P. F. Clark, 2003
Megametope Filhol, 1886
Megamia ? Karasawa, 1993
Melybia Stimpson, 1871
Metaxanthops Ser?ne, 1984
Metopoxantho ? De Man, 1904
Microcassiope Guinot, 1967
Micropanope Stimpson, 1871
Nanocassiope Guinot, 1967
Nectopanope Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891
Neolioxantho Garth & Kim, 1983
Neoxanthias Ward, 1932
Neoxanthops Guinot, 1968
Orphnoxanthus Alcock, 1896
Ovatis Ng & H.-I. Chen, 2004
Palaeoxanthops ? Karasawa, 1993
Paraxanthias Odhner, 1925
Paraxanthodes Guinot, 1968
Paraxanthus Lucas, 1844
Xanthias Rathbun, 1897
Xantho Leach, 1814
Xanthodius Stimpson, 1859

Zalasiinae Ser?ne, 1968

Banareia A. Milne-Edwards, 1869
Calvactaea Ward, 1933
Zalasius Rathbun, 1897

Zosiminae Alcock, 1898

Atergatis De Haan, 1833
Atergatopsis A. Milne-Edwards, 1862
Lophozozymus A. Milne-Edwards, 1863
Paratergatis T. Sakai, 1965
Platypodia Bell, 1835
Platypodiella Guinot, 1967
Pulcratis Ng & Huang, 1977
Zosimus Leach, 1818
Zozymodes Heller, 1861

Incertae sedis

Haydnella ? M?ller, 1984
Nogarolia ? Beschin, Busulini, De Angeli & Tessier, 1994
Sculptoplax ? M?ller & Collins, 1991

References

[ Back to top ]

^ ^a ^b "Xanthidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=98748.
^ ^a ^b Ria Tan (2008). "Xanthid crabs: Family Xanthidae". Wild Singapore. http://www.wildsingapore.com/wildfacts/crustacea/crab/xanthidae/xanthidae.htm. Retrieved January 11, 2010.
^ Sammy De Grave, N. Dean Pentcheff, Shane T. Ahyong et al. (2009). "A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Suppl. 21: 1?109. http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdf.

Taxonomy

Genera

Actaea

Actaea (baneberry or bugbane) is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Ranunculaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. [more]

Actaeodes

Alainodaeus

Allactaea

Allactaea lithostrota is a species of crabs in the family Xanthidae, the only species in the genus Allactaea. [more]

Antrocarcinus

Atergatis

Atargatis, in Aramaic ?Atar?atah, was a Syrian deity, " great goddess of northern Syria","the great mistress of the North Syrian lands" Rostovtseff called her, commonly known to the ancient Greeks by a shortened form of the name, Aphrodite Derceto or Derketo and as Dea Syria, "Goddess of Syria". her chief sanctuary was at Hierapolis (modern Manbij), northeast of Aleppo, occasionally rendered in one word Deasura. Primarily she was a goddess of fertility, but, as the baalat (?mistress?) of her city and people, she was also responsible for their protection and well-being.
She is often now popularly described as the mermaid-goddess, from her fish-bodied appearance at Ascalon and in Diodorus Siculus ? a widely accessible source ? but which is by no means her universal appearance. [more]

Atergatopsis

Banareia

Banareia is a genus of crabs in the family Xanthidae, containing the following species: [more]

Calvactaea

Carpilodes

Carpoporus

Cataleptodius

Chlorodiella

Chlorodius

Chlorodopsis

Cyclodius

Cycloxanthops

Cymo

Cyrtocarcinus

Daira

Demania

Dentoxanthus

Edwardsium

Epixanthus

Etisodes

Etisus

Eupanopeus

Eurycarcinus

Euxanthus

Gaillardiellus

Galene

Garthiella

Glyptocarcinus

Glyptoxanthus

Gonopanope

Halimede

Heteractaea

Hoplophrys

Hoploxanthus

Juxtaxanthias

Lachnopodus

Leptodius

Liocarpilodes

Liomera

Lioxantho

Lophactaea

Lophozozymus

Lybia

Lydia

Macromedaeus

Medaeus

Megametope

Melybia

Micropanope

Miersiella

Monodaeus

Myopilumnus

Nanocassiope

Neoliomera

Neoxanthias

Neoxanthops

Paractaea

Paraliomera

Paramedaeus

Parapilumnus

Paraxanthias

Phymodius

Pilodius

Platyactaea

Platypodia

Platypodiella

Polydectus

Progeryon

Psaumis

Pseudoliomera

Pseudomedaeus

Tweedieia

Xanthias

Xantho

Xanthodius

Zanthopsis

Zosimus

Zozimus

Michael J. Moran (b. ca. 1794; d. 3 April 1846), popularly known as Zozimus, was an Irish street rhymer. He was a resident of Dublin and also known as the "Blind Bard of the Liberties" and the "Last of the Gleemen". [more]