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Theodoxus

(Genus)

Overview

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Theodoxus is a genus of small freshwater and brackish water neritid snail with an operculum.

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Distribution of the genus Theodoxus include Europe and northern Africa to southern Iran.[3]

Description

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Representative row of the T. fluviatilis radula

The shell is semiovular with flat apertural plain. There is umbilicus. The columella and inner whorls are dissolved.[3]

Species in the genus Theodoxus are highly variable in size, pattern of color of the periostracum, the operculum and the radula that makes identification very difficult.[4]

Ecology

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Animals are attached to stones, often also under stones, in up to 5-6 m depth[3] or deeper, feeding on algae covers.[3] Theodoxus needs rough surfaces to be able to digest its food, so stony substrate is necessary.[3] Green algae are not consumed, Theodoxus has no cellulases.[3] Animals lay egg capsules containing 30-70 eggs each, usually on the shells of other Theodoxus animals.[3] Only 1 juvenile grows, the other eggs serve as food.[3]

Species

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Species within the genus Theodoxus include:

subgenus Theodoxus

subgenus Neritaea Roth, 1855[15]

subgenus ?

Synonyms:

win_2006_23-1" class="reference">[24]
  • Theodoxus neglectus is a synonym of Neritina neglecta (Pease, 1861)[24]

    • References

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    This article incorporates public domain text from the reference [3]

    1. ^ Montfort D. de (1810). Conchyliologie syst?matique, et classification m?thodique des coquilles; offrant leurs figures, leur arrangement g?n?rique, leurs descriptions caract?ristiques, leurs noms; ainsi que leur synonymie en plusieurs langues. Ouvrage destin? ? faciliter l'?tude des coquilles, ainsi que leur disposition dans les cabinets d'histoire naturelle. Coquilles univalves, non cloisonn?es. Tome second. pp. [1-3], 1-676. Paris. (Schoell). page 350.
    2. ^ "Theodoxus". Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 12 April 2011.
    3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Genus summary for Theodoxus". AnimalBase, last modified 24 February 2009, accessed 11 April 2011.
    4. ^ Zettler M. L., Frankowski J., Bochert R. & R?hner M. (2004). "Morphological and ecological features of Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) from Baltic brackish water and German freshwater populations". Journal of Conchology 38(3): 305-316. PDF.
    5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t "Species in genus Theodoxus" (n=20). AnimalBase, accessed 11 April 2011.
    6. ^ a b c d e f g h i (German) Sch?tt H. (1965). "Zur Systematik und ?kologie t?rkischer S??wasserprosobranchier". Zoologische Mededelingen 41(3): 43-72, Plate 1. abstract, PDF.
    7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Theodoxus". Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 12 April 2011.
    8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Kantor Yu I., Vinarski M. V., Schileyko A. A. & Sysoev A. V. (published online on March 2, 2010). "Catalogue of the continental mollusks of Russia and adjacent territories". Version 2.3.1.
    9. ^ a b c d e Anistratenko V. V. (2005). "Lectotypes for Tricolia pullus, Gibbula divaricata and Theodoxus fluviatilis (Mollusca, Gastropoda) revisited". Vestnik zoologii 39(6): 3-10. PDF .
    10. ^ a b Bunje P. M. E. (2005). "Pan-European phylogeography of the aquatic snail Theodoxus fluviatilis (Gastropoda: Neritidae)". Molecular Ecology 14: 4323-4340. PubMed, doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02703.x, PDF.
    11. ^ a b c Anistratenko O. Y., Starobogatov Y. I. & Anistratenko V. V. (1999). "Mollusks of the genus Theodoxus (Gastropoda, Pectinibranchia, Neritidae) from the Black and the Azov seas basin". Vestnik Zoologii 33: 11-19.
    12. ^ Zettler M. & Van Damme D. (2010). Theodoxus meridionalis. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 11 April 2011.
    13. ^ a b c Zettler M. L. (2007). "A redescription of Theodoxus schultzii (Grimm, 1877), an endemic neritid gastropod of the Caspian Sea". Journal of Conchology 39(3): 245-252. abstract.
    14. ^ a b Gl?er P. (2002). Die S??wassergastropoden Nord- und Mitteleuropas. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 326 pp., ISBN 3-925919-60-0.
    15. ^ Roth (1855). Malak. Bl. 2: 56.
    16. ^ a b c "Neritaea". Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 12 April 2011.
    17. ^ Van Damme D. & Ghamizi M. (2009). Theodoxus niloticus. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 11 April 2011.
    18. ^ WoRMS (2010). Theodoxus coronatus (Leach, 1815). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=216264 on 2011-04-11
    19. ^ Mansoorian A. (2001). "Freshwater Gastropod of Khuzestan Province, South-West Iran". Iranian Int. J. Sci. 2(2): 9 pp. PDF.
    20. ^ Elkarmi A. Z. & Ismail N. S. (2006). "Population Structure and Shell Morphometrics of the Gastropod Theodoxus macri (Neritidae: Prosobranchia) from Azraq Oasis, Jordan". Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 9(3): 549-552. doi:10.3923/pjbs.2006.549.552.
    21. ^ Brown D. S. (1996). Theodoxus maresi. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 7 August 2007.
    22. ^ Van Damme D. & Ghamizi M. (2007). Theodoxus marteli. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 11 April 2011.
    23. ^ Van Damme D. & Ghamizi M. (2007). Theodoxus numidicus. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 11 April 2011.
    24. ^ a b c Goodwin D. R. (2006). "The Discovery of Neritina (Theodoxus) cariosa (Wood, 1828) on the Island of Maui, Hawaii (Gastropoda: Neritidae)". Visaya Net 11 pp. PDF.

    External links

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    Taxonomy

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    The Genus Theodoxus is further organized into finer groupings including:

    References

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    This article incorporates public domain text from the reference [3]

    1. ^ Montfort D. de (1810). Conchyliologie syst?matique, et classification m?thodique des coquilles; offrant leurs figures, leur arrangement g?n?rique, leurs descriptions caract?ristiques, leurs noms; ainsi que leur synonymie en plusieurs langues. Ouvrage destin? ? faciliter l'?tude des coquilles, ainsi que leur disposition dans les cabinets d'histoire naturelle. Coquilles univalves, non cloisonn?es. Tome second. pp. [1-3], 1-676. Paris. (Schoell). page 350.
    2. ^ "Theodoxus". Fauna Europaea, last update 27 Ja nuary 2011, accessed 12 April 2011.
    3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Genus summary for Theodoxus". AnimalBase, last modified 24 February 2009, accessed 11 April 2011.
    4. ^ Zettler M. L., Frankowski J., Bochert R. & R?hner M. (2004). "Morphological an d ecological features of Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) from Baltic brackish water and German freshwater populations". Journal of Conchology 38(3): 305-316. PDF.
    5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t "Species in genus Theodoxus" (n=20). AnimalBase, accessed 11 April 2011.
    6. ^ a b c d e f g h i (German) Sch?tt H. (1965). "Zur Systematik und ?kologie t?rkischer S??wasserprosobranchier". Zoologische Mededelingen 41(3): 43-72, Plate 1. abstract, PDF.
    7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Theodoxus". Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 12 April 2011.
    8. ^ a b c d< /sup> e f g h i j Kantor Yu I., Vinarski M. V., Schileyko A. A. & Sysoev A. V. (published online on March 2, 2010). "Catalogue of the continental mollusks of Russia and adjacent territories". Version 2.3.1.
    9. ^ a b c d e Anistratenko V. V. (2005). "Lectotypes for Tricolia pullus, Gibbula divaricata and Theodoxus fluviatilis (Mollusca, Gastropoda) revisited". Vestnik zoologii 39(6): 3-10. PDF .
    10. ^ a b Bunje P. M. E. (2005). "Pan-European phylogeography of the aquatic snail Theodoxus fluviatilis (Gastropoda: Neritidae)". Molecular Ecology 14: 4323-4340. PubMed, doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02703.x, PDF.
    11. ^ a b c Anistratenko O. Y., Starobogatov Y. I. & Anistratenko V. V. (1999). "Mollusks of the genus Theodoxus (Gastropoda, Pectinibranchia, Neritidae) from the Black and the Azov seas basin". Vestnik Zoologii 33: 11-19.
    12. ^ Zettler M. & Van Damme D. (2010). Theodoxus meridionalis. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 11 April 2011.
    13. ^ a b c< /i> Zettler M. L. (2007). "A redescription of Theodoxus schultzii (Grimm, 1877), an endemic neritid gastropod of the Caspian Sea". Journal of Conchology 39(3): 245-252. abstract.
    14. ^ a b Gl?er P. (2002). Die S??wassergastropoden Nord- und Mitteleuropas. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 326 pp., ISBN 3-925919-60-0.
    15. ^ Roth (1855). Malak. Bl. 2: 56.
    16. ^ a b c "Neritaea". Fauna Europaea, last update 27 January 2011, accessed 12 April 2011.
    17. ^ Van Damme D. & Ghamizi M. (2009). Theodoxus niloticus. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 11 April 2011.
    18. ^ WoRMS (2010). Theodoxus coronatus (Leach, 1815). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=216264 on 2011-04-11
    19. ^ Mansoorian A. (2001). "Freshwater Gastropod of Khuzestan Province, South-West Iran". Iranian Int. J. Sci. 2(2): 9 pp. PDF.
    20. ^ Elkarmi A. Z. & Ismail N. S. (2006). "Population Structure and Shell Morphometrics of the Gastropod Theodoxus macri (Neritidae: Prosobranchia) from Azraq Oasis, Jordan". Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 9(3): 549-552. doi:10.3923/pjbs.2006.549.552.
    21. ^ Brown D. S. (1996). Theodoxus maresi. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 7 August 2007.
    22. ^ Van Damme D. & Ghamizi M. (2007). Theodoxus marteli. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 11 April 2011.
    23. ^ Van Damme D. & Ghamizi M. (2007). Theodoxus numidicus. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 11 April 2011.
    24. ^ a b c Goodwin D. R. (2006). "The Discovery of Neritina (Theodoxus) cariosa (Wood, 1828) on the Island of Maui, Hawaii (Gastropoda: Neritidae)". Visaya Net 11 pp. PDF.

    Sources

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    Last Revised: August 24, 2012
    2012/08/24 16:55:20