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Stylommatophora

(Order)

Overview

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Stylommatophora is a taxon of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs. This taxon is currently considered to be a clade. It was previously regarded as an infraorder (also sometimes was considered to be an order). This taxon includes the majority of land snails and slugs.

The two strong synapomorphies of Stylommatophora are a long pedal gland placed beneath a membrane and two pairs of retractile tentacles (Dayrat & Tillier).[]

Several families in this group contain species of snails and slugs that create love darts.

Stylommatophora are known from the Cretaceous to the Recent periods.[3]

2005 taxonomy

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According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) based on evolutionary ancestry is the clade Stylomma tophora in clade Eupulmonata within informal group Pulmonata. It uses unranked clades for taxa above the rank of superfamily (replacing the ranks suborder, order, superorder and subclass) and the traditional Linnaean approach for all taxa below the rank of superfamily.

The clade Stylommatophora contains the subclades Elasmognatha, Orthurethra and the informal group Sigmurethra. The term "informal group" has been used to indicate whenever monophyly has not been tested, or where a traditional taxon of gastropods has now been discovered to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic.

clade Elasmognatha

clade Orthurethra

informal group Sigmurethra

"limacoid clade" (within the Sigmurethra)

(not in limacoid clade, but is within the Sigmurethra)

Previous taxonomy

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s suborder, order, superorder and subclass) and the traditional Linnaean approach for all taxa below the rank of superfamily.

The clade Stylommatophora contains the subclades Elasmognatha, Orthurethra and the informal group Sigmurethra. The term "informal group" has been used to indicate whenever monophyly has not been tested, or where a traditional taxon of gastropods has now been discovered to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic.

clade Elasmognatha

clade Orthurethra

informal group Sigmurethra

"limacoid clade" (within the Sigmurethra)

(not in limacoid clade, but is within the Sigmurethra)

Previous taxonomy

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  • Subinfraorder Sigmurethra
    • Superfamily Acavoidea Pilsbry, 1895
    • Superfamily Achatinoidea Swainson, 1840
    • Superfamily Aillyoidea Baker, 1960
    • Superfamily Arionoidea J.E. Gray in Turnton, 1840
    • Superfamily Buliminoidea Clessin, 1879
    • Superfamily Camaenoidea Pilsbry, 1895
    • Superfamily Clausilioidea M?rch, 1864
    • Superfamily Dyakioidea Gude & Woodward, 1921
    • Superfamily Gastrodontoidea Tryon, 1866
    • Superfamily Helicoidea Rafinesque, 1815
    • Superfamily Helixarionoidea Bourguignat, 1877
    • Superfamily Limacoidea Rafinesque, 1815
    • Superfamily Oleacinoidea H. & A. Adams, 1855
    • Superfamily Orthalicoidea Albers-Martens, 1860
    • Superfamily Plectopylidoidea Moellendorf, 1900
    • Superfamily Polygyroidea Pilsbry, 1894
    • Superfamily Punctoidea Morse, 1864
    • Superfamily Rhytidoidea Pilsbry, 1893
    • Superfamily Sagdidoidera Pilsbry, 1895
    • Superfamily Staffordioidea Thiele, 1931
    • Superfamily Streptaxoidea J.E. Gray, 1806
    • Superfamily Strophocheiloidea Thiele, 1926
    • Superfamily Trigonochlamydoidea Hese, 1882
    • Superfamily Zonitoidea M?rch, 1864

    • References

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    1. ^ Solem A. (1978). Classification of the land Mollusca. In: Fretter V. & Peake J. (eds). Pulmonates, Vol. 2A. London, Academic Press, 49?97.
    2. ^ Sutcharit C., Naggs F., Wade C. M., Fontanilla I. & Panha S. (2010). "The new family Diapheridae, a new species of Diaphera Albers from Thailand, and the position of the Diapheridae within a molecular phylogeny of the Streptaxoidea (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160: 1-16. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00598.x.
    3. ^ (Czech) Pek I., Va??cek Z., Rocek Z., Hajn. V. & Mikul? R. (1996). Z?klady zoopaleontologie. Olomouc, 264 pp., ISBN 80-7067-599-3.

    External links

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    Taxonomy

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    The Order Stylommatophora is further organized into finer groupings including:

    Families

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    Alycaeidae

    Cyclophoridae is a taxonomic family of small to large tropical land snails with an operculum, terrestrial gastropod mollusks in the informal group Architaenioglossa belonging to the clade Caenogastropoda (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). [more]

    Ammonitellidae

    [more]

    Amphibulimidae

    [more]

    Azecidae

    [more]

    Bulimulidae

    Bulimulinae is a taxonomic subfamily of medium-sized to large, air-breathing, tropical and sub-tropical land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod molluscs in the family Orthalicidae, according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). [more]

    Ceriidae

    [more]

    Cionellidae

    [more]

    Coeliaxidae

    [more]

    Euconulidae

    [more]

    Helicellidae

    [more]

    Helixarionidae

    [more]

    Megalobulimidae

    Megalobulimus is a genus of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the subfamily within the family Strophocheilidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005). [more]

    Papillodermidae

    Papilloderma altonagai is a species of air-breathing land slug, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the informal group Sigmurethra. [more]

    Paryphantidae

    [more]

    More info about the Family Paryphantidae may be found here.

    References

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    1. ^ Solem A. (1978). Classification of the land Mollusca. In: Fretter V. & Peake J. (eds). Pulmonates, Vol. 2A. London, Academic Press, 49?97.
    2. ^ Sutcharit C., Naggs F., Wade C. M., Fontanilla I. & Panha S. (2010). "The new family Diapheridae, a new species of Diaphera Albers from Thailand, and the position of the Diapheridae within a molecular phylogeny of the Streptaxoidea (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160: 1-16. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00598.x.
    3. ^ (Czech) Pek I., Va??cek Z., Rocek Z., Hajn. V. & Mikul? R. (1996). Z?klady zoopaleontologie. Olomouc, 264 pp., ISBN 80-7067-599-3.

    Sources

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    Last Revised: August 24, 2012
    2012/08/24 13:15:18