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Sciuromorpha

(Suborder)

Overview

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The term Sciuromorpha has referred to numerous groups of rodents, but the only family common to all variations is the Sciuridae, the squirrels. Most definitions also include the Mountain Beaver.

Traditionally the term has been defined on the basis of the shape of the infraorbital canal. A sciuromorphous zygomasseteric system is characterized by attachment of the lateral masseter muscle along the side of the rostrum. Unlike hystricomorphous and myomorphous rodents, the medial masseter muscle does not pass through the infraorbital canal. Among extant rodents, only the families Sciuridae, Castoridae, Heteromyidae, and Geomyidae are truly sciuromorphous. Some authorities would exclude the Geomyidae and Heteromyidae from that list due to the attachment of the medial masseter directly behind the zygomatic arch.

Carleton and Musser (2005) redefined rodent suborders on the basis of a host of both morphological and molecular reasons. They defined the Sciuromorpha as including three families, Sciuridae, Aplodontiidae, and Gliridae. Of these, only Sciuridae is truly sciuromorphous. Aplodontiidae is protrogomorphous and Gliridae is myomorphous. The connection between Aplodontiidae and Sciuridae has been proposed on numerous times in the past. The two families have been united into a common infraorder (Sciurida) or superfamily (Sciuroidea). It has long been suggested that dormice (Gliridae) are not particularly related to the Myomorpha, and their zygomasseteric structure has been termed "pseudomyomorphy". The connection between squirrels and dormice has been almost exclusively suggested through genetic studies, and to a lesser degree via the fossil rodent .

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The suborder Sciuromorpha contains 307 living species in 61 genera and seven families.

Historical families

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he term Sciuromorpha has referred to numerous groups of rodents, but the only family common to all variations is the Sciuridae, the squirrels. Most definitions also include the Mountain Beaver.

Traditionally the term has been defined on the basis of the shape of the infraorbital canal. A sciuromorphous zygomasseteric system is characterized by attachment of the lateral masseter muscle along the side of the rostrum. Unlike hystricomorphous and myomorphous rodents, the medial masseter muscle does not pass through the infraorbital canal. Among extant rodents, only the families Sciuridae, Castoridae, Heteromyidae, an d Geomyidae are truly sciuromorphous. Some authorities would exclude the Geomyidae and Heteromyidae from that list due to the attachment of the medial masseter directly behind the zygomatic arch.

Carleton and Musser (2005) redefined rodent suborders on the basis of a host of both morphological and molecular reasons. They defined the Sciuromorpha as including three families, Sciuridae, Aplodontiidae, and Gliridae. Of these, only Sciuridae is truly sciuromorphous. Aplodontiidae is protrogomorphous and Gliridae is myomorphous. The connection between Aplodontiidae and Sciuridae has been proposed on numerous times in the past. The two families have been united into a common infraorder (Sciurida) or superfamily (Sciuroidea). It has long been suggested that dormice (Gliridae) are not particularly related to the Myomorpha, and their zygomasseteric structure has been termed "pseudomyomorphy". The connection between squirrels and dormice has been almost exclusively suggested through genetic studies, and to a lesser degree via the fossil rodent .

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The suborder Sciuromorpha contains 307 living species in 61 genera and seven families.

Historical families

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References

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Taxonomy

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The Suborder Sciuromorpha is a member of the Order Rodentia. Here is the complete "parentage" of Sciuromorpha:

The Suborder Sciuromorpha is further organized into finer groupings including:

Families

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Allomyidae

[more]

Aplodontidae

[more]

Castoridae

The family Castoridae contains the two living species of beaver and their fossil relatives. This was once a highly diverse group of rodents, but is now restricted to a single genus, Castor. [more]

Eutypomyidae

[more]

Ischyromyidae

[more]

Mylagaulidae

[more]

Reithroparamyidae

[more]

Rhizospalacidae

[more]

Sciuridae

Squirrels belong to a large family of small or medium-sized rodents called the Sciuridae. The family includes tree squirrels, ground squirrels, chipmunks, marmots (including woodchucks), flying squirrels, and prairie dogs. Squirrels are indigenous to the Americas, Eurasia, and Africa, and have been introduced to Australia. The earliest known squirrels date from the Eocene and are most closely related to the mountain beaver and to the dormouse among living species. [more]

Theridomyidae

[more]

At least 19 species and subspecies belong to the Family Theridomyidae.

More info about the Family Theridomyidae may be found here.

References

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Sources

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Last Revised: August 24, 2012
2012/08/24 13:18:16