Overview
Pteriomorphia is a mollusc subclass of the Bivalvia.1] Apart from the major orders and suborders Arcoida, Ostreoida, Pectinoida, Limoida, Mytiloida, and Pterioida, it also contains some extinct and probably basal families, such as the , Colpomyidae, Bakevelliidae, Cassianellidae and Lithiotidae.
Pteriomorpha molluscs have lamellibranch gills and are epibenthic. Some can attach to substrate using a byssus. One foot is reduced. The mantle margins are not fused. Gills are usually large and assist in feeding. This group includes the well known mussels, scallops, pen shells, and oysters.[2]
2010 Taxonomy of the Pteriomorphia
In 2010 a new proposed classification system for the Bivalvia was published in by Bieler, Carter & Coan revising the classification of the Bivalvia, including the subclass Pteriomorphia.[3]
Subclass: Pteriomorphia
Order: Arcoida[4]
(Ark shells)
- Superfamily: Arcoidea
- Family: Arcidae
- Family: Cucullaeidae
- Family: Glycymerididae
- Family: Noetiidae
- Family: Parallelodontidae
- Superfamily: Limopsoidea
- Family: Limopsidae
- Family: Philobryidae
Infraclass: Eupteriomorphia
Order: Ostreoida[5]
(Oysters shells and allies)
- Superfamily: Ostreoidea
- Family: Gryphaeidae
- Family: Ostreidae
Suborder: Pectinoida[6]
(Scallop shells and allies)
- Superfamily: Anomoiidea
- Family: Anomiidae
- Superfamily: Plicatuloidea
- Family: Plicatulidae
- Superfamily: Dimyoidea
- Family: Dimyidae
- Superfamily: Pectinoidea
- Family: Entoliidae
- Family: Pectinidae
- Family: Propeamussiidae
- Family: Spondylidae
Suborder: Limoida[7]
(File shells and allies)
- Superfamily: Limoidea
- Family: Limidae
Suborder: Mytiloida[8]
(Saltwater mussels)
- Superfamily: Mytiloidea
- Family: Mytilidae
Suborder: Pterioida[9]
(Winged oysters and allies)
- Superfamily: Pinnoidea
- Family: Pinnidae
- Superfamily: Pteroidea
- Family: Malleidae
- Family: Pteriidae
- Family: Pulvinitidae
Fossil orders in the subclass Pteriomorphia
- Cyrtodontoida?
- Praecardioida?
(Saltwater mussels)
- Superfamily: Mytiloidea
- Family: Mytilidae
Suborder: Pterioida[9]
(Winged oysters and allies)
- Superfamily: Pinnoidea
- Family: Pinnidae
- Superfamily: Pteroidea
- Family: Malleidae
- Family: Pteriidae
- Family: Pulvinitidae
Fossil orders in the subclass Pteriomorphia
- <
li>Cyrtodontoida?
- Praecardioida?
References
- ^ Pteriomorphia Beurlen, 1944. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=206 on 26 March 2009.
- ^ Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 430. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.
- ^ Bieler, R., Carter, J.G. & Coan, E.V. (2010) Classification of Bivalve families. Pp. 113-133, in: Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J.P. (2010), Nomenclator of Bivalve Families. Malacologia 52(2): 1-184
- ^ Arcoida Stoliczka, 1871. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207 on 3 February 2009.
- ^ Ostreoida Ferussac, 1822. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1774 on 9 July 2010.
- ^ Pectinoida Gray, 1854. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=387324 on 9 July 2010.
- ^ Limoida Moore, 1952. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1777 on 7 July 2010.
- ^ Mytiloida Ferussac, 1822. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=210 on 9 July 2010.
- ^ Pterioida Newell, 1965. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=212 on 9 July 2010.
Taxonomy
The Order Pteriomorpha is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Suborder (2): Ostreina · Pteriina
- Family (22): Anomiidae · Arcidae · Cucullaeidae · Dimyidae · Glycymerididae · Gryphaeidae · Isognomonidae · Limidae · Limopsidae · Malleidae · Mytilidae · Noetiidae · Ostreidae · Parallelodontidae · Pectinidae · Philobryidae · Pinnidae · Placunidae · Plicatulidae · Propeamussiidae · Pteriidae · Spondylidae
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 4,025 species and subspecies in the Order Pteriomorpha.
Families
Anomiidae
Arcidae
Ark clam is the common name for a family of small to large-sized saltwater clams or marine bivalve molluscs in the family Arcidae. Ark clams vary both in shape and size. They number about 200 species worldwide. [more]
Cucullaeidae
The false ark shells (Cucullaea) are a small genus of marine bivalve molluscs related to the ark clams. The genus is the only member of the family Cucullaeidae. [more]
Dimyidae
Dimyidae is a family of bivalve molluscs, related to the scallops and oysters. [more]
Glycymerididae
Gryphaeidae
Gryphaeidae, common name the foam oysters or honeycomb oysters, is a family of marine bivalve mollusks, related to the true oysters. [more]
Isognomonidae
Pteriidae is a family of medium-sized to large saltwater clams. They are pearl oysters, marine bivalve mollusks in the order Pterioida. [more]
Limidae
Limidae is the only family of bivalve molluscs in the suborder Limoida. [more]
Limopsidae
Malleidae
Malleidae, or the hammer oysters, is a family of saltwater clams. They are related to the pearl oysters, in the order Pterioida. [more]
Mytilidae
Mytilidae is a family of small to large saltwater mussels, marine bivalve mollusks in the order Mytiloida. It is the only family in the order. This order (and family) contains 32 genera. [more]
Noetiidae
Noetiidae is a family of bivalves related to the ark clams. They are differentiated from the ark clams by the presence of striations on the hinge ligament. They usually grow to around 6 cm in length, with 10 cm the maximum. [more]
Ostreidae
Ostreidae are the true oysters, and include most species that are commonly eaten under the name oyster. Pearl oysters are not true oysters and belong to the distinct order Pterioida. [more]
Parallelodontidae
The Parallelodontidae is a family of bivalves, related to the ark clams. It contains at least four genera. [more]
Pectinidae
The Pectinidae (from Latin pecten meaning comb), common name "scallops", are a family of saltwater bivalve mollusks. They are hermaphrodite, and the male gonads mature first. There are numerous species of various sizes in all of the oceans, and a number species are of commercial importance. Some pectinidae live attached by means of a filament they secrete, others are simply recumbent, but a form of jet-propulsion created by repeatedly clapping their valves closed can propel them swiftly but erratically through the water when they sense the presence of a predator such as a starfish. [more]
Philobryidae
Philobryidae is a family of bivalves, related to the ark clams and bittersweets. Species are found in most seas, in shallow to moderately deep water. This family contains about sixty species in seven genera. [more]
Pinnidae
Pinnidae is a family of large saltwater clams sometimes known as pen shells. They are marine bivalve molluscs in the order Pterioida. [more]
Placunidae
Plicatulidae
Propeamussiidae
Propeamussiidae is a family of bivalves, related to oysters and scallops. It contains nine genera. [more]
Pteriidae
Pteriidae is a family of medium-sized to large saltwater clams. They are pearl oysters, marine bivalve mollusks in the order Pterioida. [more]
Spondylidae
Spondylus is a genus of bivalve molluscs, the only genus in the family Spondylidae. As well as being the systematic or scientific name, Spondylus is also the most often used common name for these animals, though they are also known as thorny oysters or spiny oysters. [more]
At least 157 species and subspecies belong to the Family Spondylidae.
More info about the Family Spondylidae may be found here.
References
- ^ Pteriomorphia Beurlen, 1944. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=206 on 26 March 2009.
- ^ Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 430. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.
- ^ Bieler, R., Carter, J.G. & Coan, E.V. (2010) Classification of Bivalve families. Pp. 113-133, in: Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J.P. (2010), Nomenclator of Bivalve Families. Malacologia 52(2): 1-184
- ^ Arcoida Stoliczka, 1871. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=207 on 3 February 2009.
- ^ Ostreoida Ferussac, 1822. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1774 on 9 July 2010.
- ^ Pectinoida Gray, 1854. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=387324 on 9 July 2010.
- ^ Limoida Moore, 1952. Acc essed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1777 on 7 July 2010.
- ^ Mytiloida Ferussac, 1822. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=210 on 9 July 2010.
- ^ Pterioida Newell, 1965. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=212 on 9 July 2010.
Sources
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