Overview
Pentatomidae Greek: "pente" (five) + "tomos" (a section) is a family of that includes some of the stink bugs and shield bugs.
If disturbed, stink bugs will emit a pungent liquid, whose rancid almond smell is due to cyanide compounds. Their antennae are 5-segmented, which gives the family its name. Their bodies are usually shield-shaped. The stink bugs have thick wing covers known as shields.
Many stink bugs and shield bugs are considered agricultural pest insects, because they can create large populations; they suck plant juices and damage crop production, and they are resistant to many pesticides. However, some genera of Pentatomidae are considered highly beneficial; the anchor bug, which can be distinguished by the red-orange anchor shape on the adult, is one example. It is a predator of other insects, especially Mexican bean beetles, Japanese beetles, and other pest insects.
In the British Isles there are 33 species of shield bugs belonging to the super-family Pentatomoidea, 32 of which are native and 1 which is considered to be newly naturalised.1] Of these 32 species, 17 belong in the family Pentatomidae.
The stink bug is known as b? xít in Vietnamese, and is featured in Vietnamese cuisine.
- Forest bug (Pentatoma rufipes)
The unscientific name "stink bug" is sometimes applied to entirely unrelated species such as Boisea trivittata, also known as the "boxelder bug," and the pinacate beetle (Eleodes spp.).
Cited References
- ^ Evans, Martin; Roger Edmondson (2005). A Photographic Guide to the Shieldbugs and Squashbugs of the British Isles. Wakefield: WGUK. ISBN 0-9549506-0-7.
Photos
Taxonomy
The Family Pentatomidae is a member of the Superfamily Pentatomoidea. Here is the complete "parentage" of Pentatomidae:
- Domain: Eukaryota
Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Animalia
Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
- Subkingdom: Bilateria
(Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983 - bilaterians
- Branch: Protostomia
Grobben, 1908 - protostomes
- Infrakingdom: Ecdysozoa
Aguinaldo Et Al., 1997 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - ecdysozoans
- Superphylum: Panarthropoda
Cuvier
- Phylum: Arthropoda
Latreille, 1829 - Arthropods
- Subphylum: Mandibulata
Snodgrass, 1938
- Infraphylum: Atelocerata
Heymons, 1901
- Superclass: Panhexapoda
- Class: Insecta
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - Insects
- Subclass: Dicondylia
- Infraclass: Pterygota
- Winged Insects
- Superorder: Condylognatha
- Order: Hemiptera
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - True Bugs, Cicadas, Hoppers, Aphids and Allies
- Suborder: Heteroptera
- Bugs
- Infraorder: Pentatomorpha
- Superfamily: Pentatomoidea
- Family: Pentatomidae (Leach, 1815) - Stink Bugs
- Superfamily: Pentatomoidea
- Infraorder: Pentatomorpha
- Suborder: Heteroptera
- Bugs
- Order: Hemiptera
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - True Bugs, Cicadas, Hoppers, Aphids and Allies
- Superorder: Condylognatha
- Infraclass: Pterygota
- Winged Insects
- Subclass: Dicondylia
- Class: Insecta
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - Insects
- Superclass: Panhexapoda
- Infraphylum: Atelocerata
Heymons, 1901
- Subphylum: Mandibulata
Snodgrass, 1938
- Phylum: Arthropoda
Latreille, 1829 - Arthropods
- Superphylum: Panarthropoda
Cuvier
- Infrakingdom: Ecdysozoa
Aguinaldo Et Al., 1997 Ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - ecdysozoans
- Branch: Protostomia
Grobben, 1908 - protostomes
- Subkingdom: Bilateria
(Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983 - bilaterians
- Kingdom: Animalia
Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
The Family Pentatomidae is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Subfamily (6): Asopinae · Oncomerinae · Pentatominae · Phyllocephalinae · Podopinae · Unplaced
- Genus (223): Acrocorisellus · Acrosternum · Aenalia · Aenaria · Agonoscelis · Agroecus · Alcaeorrhynchus · Alcaeus · Alcimocoris · Alciphron · Alkindus · Alphenor · Amaurochrous · Amissus · Anaxarchus · Ancyrosoma · Antestia · Antheminia · Antiteuchus · Apateticus · Aplerotus · Apodiphus · Architas · Arma · Arniscus · Arocera · Arvelius · Aspideurus · Axiagastus · Bagrada · Banasa · Basicryptus · Bathrus · Berecynthus · Biprorulus · Boea · Borrichias · Brachystethus · Brochymena · Buthumka · Caenus · Caerulea · Cantacader · Canthecona · Cantheconidea · Carbula · Carpocoris · Catacanthus · Cephaloplatus · Cermatulus · China · Chlorochroa · Chlorocoris · Chroantha · Codophila · Coenus · Coleotichus · Commius · Coridus · Corizus · Coryzorhaphis · Cosmopepla · Crypsinus · Cuspicona · Dalpada · Dandinus · Dendrocoris · Deroploa · Deroploopsis · Derula · Diaphyta · Dichelops · Dictyotus · Dinocoris · Dinorhynchus · Disderia · Dolycoris · Domiduca · Dryadocoris · Dybowskyia · Dyroderes · Dysnoetus · Edessa · Eocanthecona · Eribotes · Erthesina · Eucarysses · Eudolycoris · Eurydema · Eusarcocoris · Eusarcoris · Euschistus · Eusthenes · Euthyrhynchus · Euygaster · Eysarcoris · Eysorcoris · Glancias · Glaucias · Graphosoma · Grossiana · Grossimenia · Halyomorpha · Hemoeocerus · Hermolaus · Hoffmanseggiella · Holcogaster · Holcostethus · Homalogonia · Hymenarcys · Hypogomphus · Hyrmine · Ippatha · Jalla · Jurtina · Kalkadoona · Kapunda · Lagynotomus · Laprius · Lelia · Loxa · Lubentius · Macrorhaphis · Mayrinia · Mecidea · Megymenum · Menaccarus · Menecles · Metonymia · Microdeuterus · Minchamia · Monteithiella · Mormidea · Morna · Munduala · Murgantia · Mustha · Mylophanos · Nazara · Neagenor · Necanicarbula · Neottiglossa · Nezara · Niarius · Notius · Numilia · Ochisme · Ocirrhoe · Oechalia · Okeanos · Omyta · Oncocoris · Oncomeris · Oplomus · Paleomena · Palomena · Pantochlora · Parabrochymena · Paradictyotus · Parapoecilometis · Pentatoma · Peribalus · Perilloides · Perillus · Peromatus · Petalaspis · Pharypia · Picromerus · Piezodorus · Pinthaeus · Placosternum · Plautia · Podisus · Podops · Poecilometis · Poecilotoma · Poriptus · Prionosoma · Proxys · Pseudaelia · Pseudapines · Pycanum · Ramosiana · Ranata · Rhaphigaster · Rhyssocephala · Rubiconia · Sciomenida · Scotinophara · Scotinophora · Sepontia · Sibaria · Solubea · Stagonomus · Stalius · Staria · Stenozygum · Sternodontus · Stiretrus · Stiretus · Supputius · Tarisa · Taurocerus · Tessaratoma · Tetroda · Theseus · Tholagmus · Tholosanus · Thyanta · Tibraca · Trichopepla · Trochiscocoris · Tylospilus · Tylus · Uhlerites · Urochela · Urostylis · Utheria · Ventocoris · Vilpianus · Vitellus · Xynotingis · Zicrona
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 888 species and subspecies in the Family Pentatomidae.
Genera
Acrocorisellus
Acrosternum
Aenalia
Aenaria
Agonoscelis
Agroecus
Alcaeorrhynchus
Alcaeus
Alcimocoris
Alciphron
Alkindus
Alphenor
Amaurochrous
Amissus
Anaxarchus
Ancyrosoma
Antestia
Antheminia
Antiteuchus
Apateticus
Aplerotus
Apodiphus
Architas
Arma
Arniscus
Arocera
Arvelius
Aspideurus
Axiagastus
Bagrada
Banasa
Basicryptus
Bathrus
Berecynthus
Biprorulus
Boea
Herbs, perennial, epipetric or terrestrial, rhizomatous, stemless [or stemmed]. Leaves few to many, along stem, then opposite, sometimes spirally arranged or basal (in China), equal to subequal in a pair; leaf blade villous to puberulent, hairs unicellular, long, seldom short or glandular, base attenuate to cordate. Inflorescences lax, axillary, sometimes umbel-like, 1- to many-flowered cymes; bracts 2, opposite. Calyx actinomorphic, 5-sect from near base, rarely 5-lobed from middle; segments equal to slightly unequal. Corolla white, blue, or purple, zygomorphic, inside densely puberulent or glandular puberulent to glabrous, outside campanulate to broadly campanulate, not swollen, longer than to nearly equalling limb, 4-10 mm in diam.; limb distinctly or indistinctly 2-lipped; adaxial lip 2-lobed, shorter than abaxial lip; abaxial lip 3-lobed, lobes equal or subequal, apex rounded. Stamens 2, adnate to abaxial side of corolla tube near base, included; anthers dorsifixed, coherent, thecae divaricate, confluent at apex, dehiscing longitudinally from arcuate slits; connective not projecting; staminodes 2 or 3, adnate to adaxial side of corolla tube. Disc inconspicuous. Ovary oblong, 1-loculed; placentas 2, parietal, projecting inward, 2-cleft. Stigma 1, terminal, capitate, undivided. Capsule straight in relation to pedicel, narrowly oblong, much surpassing calyx, dehiscing loculicidally to base; valves 2, spirally twisted. Seeds unappendaged.[1] [more]
Borrichias
Brachystethus
Brochymena
Brochymena is a genus of insects. [more]
Buthumka
Caenus
Caerulea
Cantacader
Canthecona
Cantheconidea
Carbula
Carpocoris
Catacanthus
Cephaloplatus
Cermatulus
China
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[2] [more]
Chlorochroa
Chlorocoris
Chroantha
Codophila
Coenus
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[3] [more]
Coleotichus
Commius
Coridus
Corizus
Coryzorhaphis
Cosmopepla
Crypsinus
Cuspicona
Dalpada
Dandinus
Dendrocoris
Deroploa
Deroploopsis
Derula
Diaphyta
Dichelops
Dictyotus
Dinocoris
Dinorhynchus
Disderia
Dolycoris
Domiduca
Dryadocoris
Dybowskyia
Dyroderes
Dysnoetus
Edessa
Eocanthecona
Eribotes
Erthesina
Eucarysses
Eudolycoris
Eurydema
Eusarcocoris
Eusarcoris
Euschistus
Eusthenes
Euthyrhynchus
Euygaster
Eysarcoris
Eysorcoris
Glancias
Glaucias
Graphosoma
Grossiana
Grossimenia
Halyomorpha
Hemoeocerus
Hermolaus
Hoffmanseggiella
Holcogaster
Holcostethus
Homalogonia
Hymenarcys
Hypogomphus
Hyrmine
Ippatha
Jalla
Jurtina
Kalkadoona
Kapunda
Lagynotomus
Laprius
Lelia
Loxa
Lubentius
Macrorhaphis
Mayrinia
Mecidea
Megymenum
Menaccarus
Menecles
Metonymia
Microdeuterus
Minchamia
Monteithiella
Mormidea
Morna
Munduala
Murgantia
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[4] [more]
Mustha
Mylophanos
Nazara
Neagenor
Necanicarbula
Neottiglossa
Nezara
Niarius
Notius
Numilia
Ochisme
Ocirrhoe
Oechalia
Okeanos
Omyta
Oncocoris
Oncomeris
Oplomus
Paleomena
Palomena
Pantochlora
Parabrochymena
Paradictyotus
Parapoecilometis
Pentatoma
Peribalus
Perilloides
Perillus
Peromatus
Petalaspis
Pharypia
Picromerus
Piezodorus
Pinthaeus
Placosternum
Plautia
Podisus
Podops
Poecilometis
Poecilotoma
Poriptus
Prionosoma
Proxys
Pseudaelia
Pseudapines
Pycanum
Ramosiana
Ranata
Rhaphigaster
Rhyssocephala
Rubiconia
Sciomenida
Scotinophara
Scotinophora
Sepontia
Sibaria
Solubea
Stagonomus
Stalius
Staria
Stenozygum
Sternodontus
Stiretrus
Stiretus
Supputius
Tarisa
Taurocerus
Tessaratoma
Tetroda
Theseus
Tholagmus
Tholosanus
Thyanta
Tibraca
Trichopepla
Trochiscocoris
Tylospilus
Tylus
Uhlerites
Urochela
Urostylis
Utheria
Ventocoris
Vilpianus
Vitellus
Xynotingis
Zicrona
More info about the Genus Zicrona may be found here.
Footnotes
- Wencai Wang, Kai-yu Pan, Zhen-yu Li, Anna L. Weitzman & Laurence E. Skog "Boea". in Flora of China Vol. 18 Page 367. Published by Science Press (Beijing) and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Online at EFloras.org.
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=China&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Coenus&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Murgantia&search=Search
Sources
- The text on this page is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It includes material from Wikipedia retrieved Thursday, August 13, 2009.
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