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The stiff-tailed ducks are part of the subfamily of ducks. All have, as their name implies, long stiff tail feathers, which are erected when the bird is at rest. All have relatively large swollen bills.

These are freshwater diving ducks. Their legs are set far back, making them awkward on land, so they rarely leave the water.

Their unusual displays involve drumming noises from inflatable throat-sacs, head throwing, and erecting short crests.

Plumage sequences are complicated, and aging difficult.

Species

• Blue-billed Duck, Oxyura australis
• New Zealand Stiff-tailed Duck, Oxyura vantetsi (prehistoric)
• Ruddy Duck, Oxyura jamaicensis
• White-headed Duck, Oxyura leucocephala
• Maccoa Duck, Oxyura maccoa
• Argentine Blue-bill, Oxyura vittata - notab le for possessing the longest penis of all vertebrates in relation to body length.^[1]

A fossil species from the Late Pliocene or Early Pleistocene of Jalisco (Mexico) was described as Oxyura zapatanima. It resembled a small Ruddy Duck or, even more, Argentine Blue-bill. A larger Middle Pleistocene fossil form from the southwestern USA was described as Oxyura bessomi; it was probably quite close to the Ruddy Duck.

"Oxura" doksana from the Early Miocene of Dolnice (Czech Republic) cannot be assigned to any anatine subfamily with certainty.^[2]