Overview
Nymphalinae is a subfamily of brush-footed butterflies (family Nymphalidae). Sometimes, the Limenitidinae (and Biblidinae) are included here as further tribe(s), while the Melitaeini are occasionally considered a distinct subfamily.
The 6 usually-recognized tribes of Nymphalinae are here listed in the presumed phylogenetic sequence.[1]
- Coeini (6-7 genera)
- Nymphalini ? anglewings, tortoiseshells and relatives (c.15 genera, 2 fossil)
- Kallimini (c.5 genera)
- Victorinini (4 genera, formerly in Kallimini)
- Junoniini (c.5 genera)
- Melitaeini ? fritillaries (c.25 genera)
Genera incertae sedis are:
- Rhinopalpa ? The Wizard
- Kallimoides Shir?zu & Nakanishi, 1984
- Vanessula Dewitz, 1887
In addition to th ese, Crenidomimas is sometimes placed here but may actually belong in the Limenitidinae genus Euryphura.
The Late Eocene fossil genus Lithodryas might belong here, but it is generally assigned to the Lycaenidae.
Footnotes
- ^ See references in Savela (2010)
The 6 usually-recognized tribes of Nymphalinae are here listed in the presumed phylogenetic sequence.[1]
- Coeini (6-7 genera)
- Nymphalini ? angle wings, tortoiseshells and relatives (c.15 genera, 2 fossil)
- Kallimini (c.5 genera)
- Victorinini (4 genera, formerly in Kallimini)
- Junoniini (c.5 genera)
- Melitaeini ? fritillaries (c.25 genera)
Genera incertae sedis are:
- Rhinopalpa ? The Wizard
- Kallimoides Shir?zu & Nakanishi, 1984
- Vanessula Dewitz, 1887
In addition to these, Crenidomimas is sometimes placed here but may actually belong in the Limenitidinae genus Euryphura.
The Late Eocene fossil genus Lithodryas might belong here, but it is generally assigned to the Lycaenidae.
Footnotes
- ^ See references in Savela (2010)
References
- Savela, Markku (2010): Markku Savela's Le pidoptera and some other life forms ? Nymphalinae. Version of 2010-JUN-30. Retrieved 2011-FEB-08.
Taxonomy
The Subfamily Nymphalinae is a member of the Family Buccinidae. Here is the complete "parentage" of Nymphalinae:
- Domain: Eukaryota
Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Animalia
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
- Subkingdom: Bilateria
(Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983 - bilaterians
- Branch: Protostomia
Grobben, 1908 - protostomes
- Infrakingdom: Lophotrochozoa
- Lophotrochozoans
- Superphylum: Eutrochozoa
- Phylum: Mollusca
(C. Linnaeus, 1758) Cuvier, 1795 - Molluscs
- Class: Gastropoda
Cuvier, 1795 - Snails and Slugs
- Subclass: Orthogastropoda
Ponder & Lindberg, 1996
- Superorder: Caenogastropoda
Cox, 1960
- Order: Sorbeoconcha
Ponder & Lindberg, 1997
- Suborder: Hypsogastropoda
Ponder & Lindberg, 1997
- Infraorder: Neogastropoda
Thiele, 1929
- Superfamily: Buccinoidea
Rafinesque, 1815
- Family: Buccinidae
C.S. Rafinesque, 1815 - Whelks
- Subfamily: Nymphalinae - Crescents, Checkerspots, Anglewings, etc.
- Family: Buccinidae
C.S. Rafinesque, 1815 - Whelks
- Superfamily: Buccinoidea
Rafinesque, 1815
- Infraorder: Neogastropoda
Thiele, 1929
- Suborder: Hypsogastropoda
Ponder & Lindberg, 1997
- Order: Sorbeoconcha
Ponder & Lindberg, 1997
- Superorder: Caenogastropoda
Cox, 1960
- Subclass: Orthogastropoda
Ponder & Lindberg, 1996
- Class: Gastropoda
Cuvier, 1795 - Snails and Slugs
- Phylum: Mollusca
(C. Linnaeus, 1758) Cuvier, 1795 - Molluscs
- Superphylum: Eutrochozoa
- Infrakingdom: Lophotrochozoa
- Lophotrochozoans
- Branch: Protostomia
Grobben, 1908 - protostomes
- Subkingdom: Bilateria
(Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983 - bilaterians
- Kingdom: Animalia
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
The Subfamily Nymphalinae is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Tribe (6): Coeini · Junoniini · Kallimini · Melitaeini · Nymphalini · Victorinini
- Subtribe (3): Euphydryina · Melitaeina · Phyciodina
- Genus (78): Aglais · Anartia · Anicia · Antanartia · Anthanassa · Antillea · Araschnia · Atalanta · Atlantea · Baeotus · Bassaris · Callidula · Callizona · Castilia · Catacroptera · Catagramma · Catonephile · Chlosyne · Coenia · Colobura · Colon · Crenidomimas · Cynthia · Dagon · Doleschallia · Dymasia · Editha · Eresia · Ergolis · Euphydryas · Eurytion · Gnathotriche · Gorgone · Higginsius · Historis · Hypanartia · Hypolimnas · Inachis · Janatella · Junonia · Kallima · Kallimoides · Kaniska · Mazia · Melitaea · Mellicta · Metamorpha · Microtia · Mynes · Napeocles · Nymphalis · Ortilia · Paradoxa · Parathyma · Phyciodes · Phystis · Poladryas · Polygonia · Precis · Protogoniomorpha · Pycina · Pyrameis · Rhinopalpa · Roddia · Salamis · Siproeta · Smyrna · Symbrenthia · Tegosa · Telenassa · Texola · Thessalia · Tisona · Vanessa · Vanessula · Vesta · Victorina · Yoma
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 4,140 species and subspecies in the Subfamily Nymphalinae.
Genera
Aglais
Aglais is a genus of brush-footed butterflies, containing the Tortoiseshells. This genus is sometimes included as a subgenus of Nymphalis, which also includes Tortoiseshells, but it is usually considered to be separate. [more]
Anartia
Anartia is a genus of butterflies in family Nymphalidae, and subfamily Nymphalinae, found in tropical and subtropical areas in the Americas. The butterflies are known as Peacocks, although the common European Peacock (Inachis io) is not in the same genus. [more]
Anicia
Antanartia
Antanartia, commonly called (African) Admirals, is a genus in the Nymphalidae family found in southern Africa. They live along forest edges and are strongly attracted to rotting fruit and plant juices. For other Admirals see genus, Vanessa. [more]
Anthanassa
Antillea
Antillea is a genus of butterflies from Central America in the family Nymphalidae. [more]
Araschnia
Araschnia is a genus is the Nymphalidae family found in Asia. [more]
Atalanta
Atalanta (Ancient Greek: , Atalante, "balanced") is a character in Greek mythology. [more]
Atlantea
Atlantea is a genus of butterflies from the Caribean in the family Nymphalidae. [more]
Baeotus
Baeotus is a genus of butterflies in the Nymphalidae family found in Central America, the Caribbean, and South America. [more]
Bassaris
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[1] [more]
Callidula
Callizona
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[2] [more]
Castilia
Castile or Castilia or Castilla may refer to: [more]
Catacroptera
Catagramma
Catonephile
Chlosyne
Coenia
Colobura
Colon
Crenidomimas
Cynthia
Cynthia is a personal name of Greek origin meaning "from Mount Cynthus." It can be abbreviated as Cindy. Cynthia was originally an epithet of the Greek goddess of the moon, Artemis, who was sometimes called "Cynthia" because, according to legend, the goddess was born on Mount Cynthus. [more]
Dagon
Dagon was originally an Assyro-Babylonian fertility god who evolved into a major northwest Semitic god, reportedly of grain (as symbol of fertility) and fish and/or fishing (as symbol of multiplying). He was worshipped by the early Amorites and by the inhabitants of the cities of Ebla (modern Tell Mardikh, Syria) and Ugarit (modern Ras Shamra, Syria) (which was an ancient city near the Mediterranean containing a large variety of ancient writings and pre-Judeo-Christian shrines). He was also a major member, or perhaps head, of the pantheon of the Biblical Philistines. [more]
Doleschallia
Dymasia
Editha
Eresia
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Ergolis
Euphydryas
Eurytion
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[3] [more]
Gnathotriche
Gorgone
Higginsius
Historis
Hypanartia
Hypolimnas
Hypolimnas is a genus of tropical brush-footed butterflies commonly known as eggflies or diadems. The genus contains approximately 23 species, most of which are found in Africa, Asia, and Oceania. One species, the Danaid Eggfly (H. misippus), is noted for its exceptionally wide distribution across five continents; it is the only Hypolimnas species found in the Americas. [more]
Inachis
The European Peacock (Aglais io), more commonly known simply as the Peacock butterfly, is a colorful butterfly, found in Europe and temperate Asia as far east as Japan. Formerly classified as the only member of the genus Inachis (the name is derived from Greek mythology, meaning Io, the daughter of Inachus). It should not be confused or classified with the "American peacocks" in the genus Anartia; these are not close relatives of the Eurasian species. The Peacock butterfly is resident in much of its range, often wintering in buildings or trees. It therefore often appears quite early in spring. The Peacock butterfly has figured in research where the role of eye-spots as anti-predator mechanism has been investigated. [more]
Janatella
Junonia
Junonia is a genus of nymphalid butterflies, described by Jacob H?bner in 1819. They are commonly known as Buckeyes, Pansies, or Commodores. This genus flies on every continent except Antarctica. The genus contains about 30?35 species. [more]
Kallima
Kallimoides
Kaniska
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[4] [more]
Mazia
Melitaea
Melitaea is a of brush-footed butterflies. [more]
Mellicta
Metamorpha
Microtia
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[5] [more]
Mynes
Napeocles
Nymphalis
Nymphalis, commonly known as Anglewings, is a of brush-footed butterflies, containing the Tortoiseshells and relatives. [more]
Ortilia
Paradoxa
Paradoxa is a of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Buccinidae, the true whelks and their allies. [more]
Parathyma
Phyciodes
Phystis
Poladryas
Polygonia
Polygonia (from Greek p???? - polys, "many" and ????a - gonia, "angle") is a genus of butterflies with a conspicuous white mark on the underside of each hindwing, hence the common name Comma. They also have conspicuous angular notches on the outer edges of their forewings, hence the other common name Anglewing butterflies. For other anglewings see the related genus, Nymphalis. Many members of the genus, Polygonia, hibernate as adults. This genus is sometimes classified as a subgenus of Nymphalis. [more]
Precis
Protogoniomorpha
Pycina
Pyrameis
Rhinopalpa
Roddia
Salamis
Salamis may refer to [more]
Siproeta
Smyrna
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[6] [more]
Symbrenthia
Tegosa
Telenassa
Texola
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[7] [more]
Thessalia
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[8] [more]
Tisona
Vanessa
Vanessa can refer to: [more]
Vanessula
Vesta
Victorina
Yoma
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[9] [more]
At least 36 species and subspecies belong to the Genus Yoma.
More info about the Genus Yoma may be found here.
References
- Savela, Markku (2010): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms ? Nymphalinae. Version of 2010-JUN-30. Retrieved 2011-FEB-08.
Footnotes
- http://www.ubio.org/browser/details.php?namebankID=113815
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Callizona&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Eurytion&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Kaniska&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Microtia&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Smyrna&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Texola&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Thessalia&search=Search
- http://bugguide.net/index.php?q=search&keys=Yoma&search=Search
Sources
- The text on this page is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It includes material from Wikipedia retrieved Wednesday, April 25, 2012.
- Photographs on this page are copyrighted by individual photographers, and individual copyrights apply.
- The technology underlying this page, including the controls behind Keep Exploring, is owned by the BayScience Foundation. All rights are reserved.