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Mergus

(Genus)

Overview

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Mergus1] is the genus of the typical mergansers, fish-eating ducks in the seaduck subfamily (Merginae). The Hooded Merganser, often termed Mergus cucullatus, is not of this genus but closely related. The other "aberrant" merganser, the Smew (Mergellus albellus), is phylogenetically closer to goldeneyes (Bucephala).

Although they are seaducks, most of the mergansers prefer riverine habitats, with only the Red-breasted Merganser being common at sea. These large fish-eaters typically have black-and-white, brown and/or green hues in their plumage, and most have shomewhat shaggy crests. All have serrated edges to their long and thin bills that help them grip their prey. Along with the Smew and Hooded Merganser, they are therefore often known as "sawbills". The goldeneyes, on the other hand, feed mainly on mollusks, and therefore have a more typical duck-bill. They are also classified as "divers" because they go completely under-water in looking for food. In other traits, however, the genera Mergus, Lophodytes, Mergellus, and Bucephala are very similar; uniquely among all Anseriformes, they do not have notches at the hind margin of their sternum, but holes surrounded by bone.[2]

Species

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Some fossil members of this genus have been described:

The Early Oligocene booby "Sula" ronzoni was at first mistakenly believed to be a typical merganser.[4] A Late Serravallian (13?12 million years ago) fossil sometimes attributed to Mergus, found in the Saj?v?lgyi Formation of M?trasz?l?s, Hungary, probably belongs to Mergellus.[5] The affiliations of the mysterious "Anas" albae from the Messinian (c.7?5 million years ago) of Hungary are undetermined; it was initially believed to be a typical merganser too.[6]

Footnotes

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  1. ^ Etymology: Latin mergus, a catch-all term for sea-going birds (see Arnott, 1964)
  2. ^ Livezey (1986)
  3. ^ Ml?kovsk? (2002a)
  4. ^ Ml?kovsk? (2002b): p.264
  5. ^ G?l et al. (1998?99)
  6. ^ Ml?kovsk? (2002b): p.124
i>Mergus1] is the genus of the typical mergansers, fish-eating ducks in the seaduck subfamily (Merginae). The Hooded Merganser, often termed Mergus cucullatus, is not of this genus but closely related. The other "aberrant" merganser, the Smew (Mergellus albellus), is phylogenetically closer to goldeneyes (Bucephala).

Although they are seaducks, most of the mergansers prefer riverine habitats, with only the Red-breasted Merganser being common at sea. These large fish-eaters typically have black-and-white, brown and/or green hues in their plumage, and most have shomewhat shaggy crests. All have serrated edges to their long and thin bills that help them grip their prey. Along with the Smew and Hooded Merganser, they are therefore often known as "sawbills". The goldeneyes, on the other hand, feed mainly on mollusks, and therefore have a more typical duck-bill. They are also classified as "divers" because they go completely under-water in looking for food. In other traits, however, the genera Mergus, Lophodytes, Mergellus, and Bucephala are very similar; uniquely among all Anseriformes, they do not have notches at the hind margin of their sternum, but holes surrounded by bone.[2]

Species

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Some fossil members of this genus have been described:

The Early Oligocene booby "Sula" ronzoni was at first mistakenly believed to be a typical merganser.[4] A Late Serravallian (13?12 million years ago) fossil sometimes attributed to Mergus, found in the Saj?v?lgyi Formation of M?trasz?l?s, Hungary, probably belongs to Mergellus.[5] The affiliations of the mysterious "Anas" albae from the Messinian (c.7?5 million years ago) of Hungary are undetermined; it was initially believed to be a typical merganser too.[6]

Footnotes

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  1. ^ Etymology: Latin mergus, a catch-all term for sea-going birds (see Arnott, 1964)
  2. ^ Livezey (1986)
  3. ^ Ml?kovsk? (2002a)
  4. ^ Ml?kovsk? (2002b): p.264
  5. ^ G?l et al. (1998?99)
  6. ^ Ml?kovsk? (2002b): p.124

References

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  • Arnott, W.G. (1964): Notes on Gavia and Mergvs in Latin Authors. Classical Quarterly (New Series) 14(2): 249?262. First page image
  • G?l, Erika; H?r, J?nos; Kessler, Eug?n & K?kay, J?zsef (1998?99): K?z?ps?-mioc?n ?smaradv?nyok, a M?trasz?l?s, R?k?czi-k?polna alatti ?tbev?g?sb?l. I. A M?trasz?l?s 1. lel?hely [Middle Miocene fossils from the sections at the R?k?czi chapel at M?traszolos. Locality M?trasz?l?s I.]. Folia Historico Naturalia Musei Matraensis 23: 33-78. [Hungarian with English abstract] PDF fulltext
  • Livezey, Bradley C. (1986): A phylogenetic analysis of recent anseriform genera using morphological characters. Auk 103(4): 737?754. PDF fulltext DjVu fulltext
  • Ml?kovsk?, Jir? (2002a): Early Pleistocene birds of Str?nsk? sk?la, Czech Republic: 2. Absolon's cave. Sylvia 38: 19?28 [English with Czech abstract]. PDF fulltext
  • Ml?kovsk?, Jir? (2002b): Cenozoic Birds of the World, Part 1: Europe. Ninox Press, Prague. ISBN 80-901105-3-8. PDF fulltext

External links

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Taxonomy

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The Genus Mergus is further organized into finer groupings including:

References

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External links

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Footnotes

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  1. ^ Etymology: Latin mergus, a catch-all term for sea-going birds (see Arnott, 1964)
  2. ^ Livezey (1986)
  3. ^ Mlíkovský (2002a)
  4. ^ Mlíkovský (2002b): p.264
  5. ^ Gál et al. (1998-99)
  6. ^ Mlíkovský (2002b): p.124

Sources

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Last Revised: August 24, 2012
2012/08/24 15:43:12