Overview
Melitaeini are a group of brush-footed butterflies. Usually classified as a tribe of the Nymphalinae, they are sometimes raised to subfamily status as Melitaeinae. Common names include the highly ambiguous "fritillaries" (also used for some Heliconiinae), checkerspots, crescents, or crescentspots, and some genus-specific names.
The 20?25 genera of Melitaeini are divided among 5 subtribes; some species are also listed. The subtribes, in the presumed phylogenetic sequence, are:[1]
Footnotes
- ^ See references in Savela (2010)
The 20?25 genera of Melitaeini are divided among 5 subtribes; some species are also listed. The subtribes, in the presumed phylogenetic sequence, are:[1]
Footnotes
- ^ See references in Savela (2010)
References
- Savela, Markku (2010): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms ? Melitaeini. Version of 2010-JUN-30. Retrieved 2011-FEB-10.
Taxonomy
The Tribe Melitaeini is a member of the Subfamily Nymphalinae. Here is the complete "parentage" of Melitaeini:
- Domain: Eukaryota
Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
- Kingdom: Animalia
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
- Subkingdom: Bilateria
(Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983 - bilaterians
- Branch: Protostomia
Grobben, 1908 - protostomes
- Infrakingdom: Ecdysozoa
A.M.A. Aguinaldo et al., 1997 ex T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - ecdysozoans
- Superphylum: Panarthropoda
Cuvier
- Phylum: Arthropoda
Latreille, 1829 - Arthropods
- Subphylum: Mandibulata
Snodgrass, 1938
- Infraphylum: Atelocerata
Heymons, 1901
- Superclass: Panhexapoda
- Class: Insecta
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - Insects
- Subclass: Dicondylia
- Infraclass: Pterygota
- Winged Insects
- Cohort: Myoglossata
- Superorder: Panorpida
- Order: Lepidoptera
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - Butterflies and Moths
- Infraorder: Heteroneura
- a genus of Longhorned Beetles (Cerambycidae)
- Family: Nymphalidae
- Brushfooted Butterflies
- Subfamily: Nymphalinae
- Crescents, Checkerspots, Anglewings, etc.
- Tribe: Melitaeini
- Subfamily: Nymphalinae
- Crescents, Checkerspots, Anglewings, etc.
- Family: Nymphalidae
- Brushfooted Butterflies
- Infraorder: Heteroneura
- a genus of Longhorned Beetles (Cerambycidae)
- Order: Lepidoptera
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - Butterflies and Moths
- Superorder: Panorpida
- Cohort: Myoglossata
- Infraclass: Pterygota
- Winged Insects
- Subclass: Dicondylia
- Class: Insecta
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - Insects
- Superclass: Panhexapoda
- Infraphylum: Atelocerata
Heymons, 1901
- Subphylum: Mandibulata
Snodgrass, 1938
- Phylum: Arthropoda
Latreille, 1829 - Arthropods
- Superphylum: Panarthropoda
Cuvier
- Infrakingdom: Ecdysozoa
A.M.A. Aguinaldo et al., 1997 ex T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - ecdysozoans
- Branch: Protostomia
Grobben, 1908 - protostomes
- Subkingdom: Bilateria
(Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983 - bilaterians
- Kingdom: Animalia
C. Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
The Tribe Melitaeini is further organized into finer groupings including:
- Subtribe (3): Euphydryina · Melitaeina · Phyciodina
- Genus (22): Anthanassa · Antillea · Atlantea · Castilia · Chlosyne · Dagon · Eresia · Euphydryas · Gnathotriche · Higginsius · Janatella · Mazia · Melitaea · Mellicta · Microtia · Ortilia · Phyciodes · Phystis · Poladryas · Tegosa · Telenassa · Tisona
- Species: ZipcodeZoo has pages for 1,757 species and subspecies in the Tribe Melitaeini.
Genera
Anthanassa
Antillea
Antillea is a genus of butterflies from Central America in the family Nymphalidae. [more]
Atlantea
Atlantea is a genus of butterflies from the Caribean in the family Nymphalidae. [more]
Castilia
Castile or Castilia or Castilla may refer to: [more]
Chlosyne
Dagon
Dagon was originally an Assyro-Babylonian fertility god who evolved into a major northwest Semitic god, reportedly of grain (as symbol of fertility) and fish and/or fishing (as symbol of multiplying). He was worshipped by the early Amorites and by the inhabitants of the cities of Ebla (modern Tell Mardikh, Syria) and Ugarit (modern Ras Shamra, Syria) (which was an ancient city near the Mediterranean containing a large variety of ancient writings and pre-Judeo-Christian shrines). He was also a major member, or perhaps head, of the pantheon of the Biblical Philistines. [more]
Eresia
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia. [more]
Euphydryas
Gnathotriche
Higginsius
Janatella
Mazia
Melitaea
Melitaea is a of brush-footed butterflies. [more]
Mellicta
Microtia
A Genus in the Kingdom Animalia.[1] [more]
Ortilia
Phyciodes
Phystis
Poladryas
Tegosa
Telenassa
Tisona
More info about the Genus Tisona may be found here.
References
- Savela, Markku (2010): Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms ? Melitaeini. Version of 2010-JUN-30. Retrieved 2011-FEB-10.
Footnotes
- ^ Zimmermann, Marie; Niklas Wahlberg, Henri Descimon (May 2000). "Phylogeny of Euphydryas Checkerspot Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Based on Mitochondrial DNA Sequence Data". Annals of the Entomological Society of America 93 (3): pp. 347–355. doi:
Sources
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