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Limnephilidae is a family of caddisflies with about 100 genera. They belong to the main lineage of case-constructing caddisflies, the Integripalpia or tube-case caddisflies. The Limnephilidae is one of the most species-rich Trichoptera families of northern temperate regions, but only a few are known from tropical areas and the Southern Hemisphere. For this reason they are often known as northern caddisflies.

The adults are usually brown in color, often with narrow mottled or patterned forewings and much broader, transparent hindwings. The aquatic larvae construct portable cases from a wide variety of plant and mineral materials, sometimes even snail shells. Cases of young larvae often looking completely different from those of larger instars. Larvae tend to be eruciform (with a thickset head and thorax), rather slow-moving, and usually feed by browsing algae or scavenging animal remains. They pupate within the la rval case, the pupa swimming to the surface before flying away as an adult. For most species the life cycle is completed within one year.

The family includes one extraordinary aberrant genus, Enoicyla, whose larvae are terrestrial, living among moss and leaf litter. The females of Enoicyla have only vestigial wings and are flightless.

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  Larval case of Anabolia nervosa

• 

  Larval case of Limnephilus flavicornis

• 

  Larval case of Limnephilus stigma

• 

  Larval case of unknown species

Systematics

The Limnephilidae are divided among the four subfamilies listed here (with some notable genera also given). A few genera are not presently assignable to subfamily.

• Dicosmoecinae
• Drusinae
  • Drusus
• Limnephilinae
  • Anabolia
  • Chaetopteryx
  • Enoicyla
  • Glyphotaelius
  • Limnephilus
  • Parachiona
  • Chilostigma
• Pseudostenophylacinae
• Incertae sedis
  • Allomyia
  • Manophylax
  • Moselyana
  • Pedomoecus

The adults are usually brown in color, often with narrow mottled or patterned forewings and much broader, transparent hindwings. The aquatic larvae construct portable cases from a wide variety of plant and mineral materials, sometimes even snail shells. Cases of young larvae often looking completely different from those of larger instars. Larvae tend to be eruciform (with a thickset head and thorax), rather slow-moving, and usually feed by browsing algae or scavenging animal remains. They pupate within the larval case, the pupa swimming to the surface before flying away as an adult. For most species the life cycle is completed within one year.

The family includes one extraordinary aberrant genus, Enoicyla, whose larvae are terrestrial, living among moss and leaf litter. The females of Enoicyla have only vestigial wings and are flightless.

• 

  Larval case of Anabolia nervosa

• 

  Larval case of Limnephilus flavicornis

• 

  Larval case of Limnephilus stigma

• 

  Larval case of unknown species

Systematics

The Limnephilidae are divided among the four subfamilies listed here (with some notable genera also given). A few genera are not presently assignable to subfamily.

• Dicosmoecinae
• Drusinae
  • Drusus
• Limnephilinae
  • Anabolia
  • Chaetopteryx
  • Enoicyla
  • Glyphotaelius
  • Limnephilus
  • Parachiona
  • Chilostigma
• Pseudostenophylacinae
• Incertae sedis
  • Allomyia
  • Manophylax
  • Moselyana
  • Pedomoecus

References

• Chinery, Michael Collins Guide to the Insects of Britain and Western Europe 1986 (Reprinted 1991)

External links

• Family description

The Family Limnephilidae is a member of the Superfamily Limnephiloidea. Here is the complete "parentage" of Limnephilidae:

• Domain: Eukaryota Whittaker & Margulis,1978 - eukaryotes
  • Kingdom: Animalia C. Linnaeus, 1758 - animals
    • Subkingdom: Bilateria (Hatschek, 1888) Cavalier-Smith, 1983 - bilaterians
      • Branch: Protostomia Grobben, 1908 - protostomes
        • Infrakingdom: Ecdysozoa A.M.A. Aguinaldo et al., 1997 ex T. Cavalier-Smith, 1998 - ecdysozoans
          • Superphylum: Panarthropoda Cuvier
            • Phylum: Arthropoda Latreille, 1829 - Arthropods
              • Subphylum: Mandibulata Snodgrass, 1938
                • Infraphylum: Atelocerata Heymons, 1901
                  • Superclass: Panhexapoda
                    • Class: Insecta C. Linnaeus, 1758 - Insects
                      • Subclass: Dicondylia
                        • Infraclass: Pterygota - Winged Insects
                          • Superorder: Panorpida
                            • Order: Trichoptera W. Kirby, 1813 - Caddisflies
                              • Suborder: Integripalpia A.V. Martynov, 1924 - Case-Making Caddisflies
                                • Infraorder: Plenitentoria
                                  • Superfamily: Limnephiloidea F. Kolenati, 1848
                                    • Family: Limnephilidae F. Kolenati, 1848 - northern caddisflies